Global Patterns in Marine Predatory Fish
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Functional Responses of Fish Communities to Environmental Gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Matthew Mclean
Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Matthew Mclean To cite this version: Matthew Mclean. Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme. Ecology, environment. Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 2019. English. NNT : 2019DUNK0532. tel-02384271 HAL Id: tel-02384271 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02384271 Submitted on 28 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse de doctorat de L’Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale Ecole doctorale – Sciences de la Matière, du Rayonnement et de l’Environnement Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur en sciences et technologies Spécialité : Géosciences, Écologie, Paléontologie, Océanographie Discipline : BIOLOGIE, MEDECINE ET SANTE – Physiologie, biologie des organismes, populations, interactions Functional responses of fish communities to environmental gradients in the North Sea, Eastern English Channel, and Bay of Somme Réponses fonctionnelles des communautés de poissons aux gradients environnementaux en mer du Nord, Manche orientale, et baie de Somme Présentée et soutenue par Matthew MCLEAN Le 13 septembre 2019 devant le jury composé de : Valeriano PARRAVICINI Maître de Conférences à l’EPHE Président Raul PRIMICERIO Professeur à l’Université de Tromsø Rapporteur Camille ALBOUY Cadre de Recherche à l’IFREMER Examinateur Maud MOUCHET Maître de Conférences au CESCO Examinateur Rita P. -
Select Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Conservation Targets/Biodiversity Elements/Features Across Multiple Biological and Spatial Scales
Standard 7: Select terrestrial, freshwater and marine conservation targets/biodiversity elements/features across multiple biological and spatial scales. [plan] Rationale It is necessary to define a subset of targets that best represent the biodiversity of an ecoregion to focus the assessment. Conservation targets should cover the suite of biological scales (species to communities, ecological systems and other targets), taxa, and ecological characteristics to adequately inform comprehensive biodiversity conservation. Targets should include coarse and fine filter targets. This includes using rare and endangered, wide ranging, migratory and keystone species, rare communities, and all ecological systems and/or ecosystem types, as well as additional targets that are useful in capturing the variety of biodiversity characteristics, scales and ecological processes. Recommended Products ,,,List, and attributes of fine-filter targets such as distribution (local, widespread), conservation status (threatened and endangered), endemic, wide-ranging, rare communities and coarse-filter targets (ecological systems and ecosystems) as well as other types of targets as appropriate. See the Ecoregional Assessment Data Standards 1.0 for required fields. Maps of occurrences of targets throughout the ecoregion. Description of data gaps for specific target groups and geographic areas. GUIDANCE A systematic approach to conservation planning demands that we be explicit about what features of biodiversity we are trying to conserve (Groves 2003). With the goal of conserving the biodiversity of an ecoregion, we need to define a subset of features to work with that will adequately capture that representation and variety. We refer to these features as conservation targets (Redford et al. 2003). Conservation targets are the species, communities, ecological systems 1 and surrogates that we focus our assessments on in order to capture the broad range of biodiversity as best we can. -
Consumption Impacts by Marine Mammals, Fish, and Seabirds on The
83 Consumption impacts by marine mammals, fish, and seabirds on the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) complex during the years 1977–2002 W. J. Overholtz and J. S. Link Overholtz, W. J. and Link, J. S. 2007. Consumption impacts by marine mammals, fish, and seabirds on the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) complex during the years 1977–2002. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 83–96. A comprehensive study of the impact of predation during the years 1977–2002 on the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank herring complex is presented. An uncertainty approach was used to model input variables such as predator stock size, daily ration, and diet composition. Statistical distributions were constructed on the basis of available data, producing informative and uninformative inputs for estimating herring consumption within an uncertainty framework. Consumption of herring by predators tracked herring abundance closely during the study period, as this important prey species recovered following an almost complete collapse during the late 1960s and 1970s. Annual consumption of Atlantic herring by four groups of predators, demersal fish, marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds, averaged just 58 000 t in the late 1970s, increased to 123 000 t between 1986 and 1989, 290 000 t between 1990 and 1994, and 310 000 t during the years 1998–2002. Demersal fish consumed the largest proportion of this total, followed by marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds. Sensitivity analyses suggest that future emphasis should be placed on collecting time-series of diet composition data for marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds, with additional monitoring focused on the abundance of seabirds and daily rations of all groups. -
Benthic Macrofaunal Structure and Secondary Production in Tropical Estuaries on the Eastern Marine Ecoregion of Brazil
Benthic macrofaunal structure and secondary production in tropical estuaries on the Eastern Marine Ecoregion of Brazil Lorena B. Bissoli and Angelo F. Bernardino Grupo de Ecologia Bêntica, Department of Oceanography, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil ABSTRACT Tropical estuaries are highly productive and support diverse benthic assemblages within mangroves and tidal flats habitats. Determining differences and similarities of benthic assemblages within estuarine habitats and between regional ecosystems may provide scientific support for management of those ecosystems. Here we studied three tropical estuaries in the Eastern Marine Ecoregion of Brazil to assess the spatial variability of benthic assemblages from vegetated (mangroves) and unvegetated (tidal flats) habitats. A nested sampling design was used to determine spatial scales of variability in benthic macrofaunal density, biomass and secondary production. Habitat differences in benthic assemblage composition were evident, with mangrove forests being dominated by annelids (Oligochaeta and Capitellidae) whereas peracarid crustaceans were also abundant on tidal flats. Macrofaunal biomass, density and secondary production also differed between habitats and among estuaries. Those differences were related both to the composition of benthic assemblages and to random spatial variability, underscoring the importance of hierarchical sampling in estuarine ecological studies. Given variable levels of human impacts and predicted climate change effects on tropical estuarine -
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Demersal Fish Fauna in a Baltic Archipelago As Estimated by SCUBA Census
MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 23: 3143, 1985 Published April 25 Mar. Ecol. hog. Ser. 1 l Spatial and temporal distribution of the demersal fish fauna in a Baltic archipelago as estimated by SCUBA census B.-0. Jansson, G. Aneer & S. Nellbring Asko Laboratory, Institute of Marine Ecology, University of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT: A quantitative investigation of the demersal fish fauna of a 160 km2 archipelago area in the northern Baltic proper was carried out by SCUBA census technique. Thirty-four stations covering seaweed areas, shallow soft bottoms with seagrass and pond weeds, and deeper, naked soft bottoms down to a depth of 21 m were visited at all seasons. The results are compared with those obtained by traditional gill-net fishing. The dominating species are the gobiids (particularly Pornatoschistus rninutus) which make up 75 % of the total fish fauna but only 8.4 % of the total biomass. Zoarces viviparus, Cottus gobio and Platichtys flesus are common elements, with P. flesus constituting more than half of the biomass. Low abundance of all species except Z. viviparus is found in March-April, gobies having a maximum in September-October and P. flesus in November. Spatially, P. rninutus shows the widest vertical range being about equally distributed between surface and 20 m depth. C. gobio aggregates in the upper 10 m. The Mytilus bottoms and the deeper soft bottoms are the most populated areas. The former is characterized by Gobius niger, Z. viviparus and Pholis gunnellus which use the shelter offered by the numerous boulders and stones. The latter is totally dominated by P. -
Overall Assessment of the State of the Coast in the Western Indian Ocean
36 Overall Assessment of the State of the Coast in the Western Indian Ocean José Paula Opposite page: Will the marine resources these girls collect in the tidal flats near Ulo village, north Mozambique, be available in the future for food security or will they benefit from economic development and depend on modern amenities instead? © José Paula. INTRODUCTION Pacific biogeographic realm, but its southwest limit enters the Temperate Southern Africa biogeographic realm This chapter offers an overall view of the state of the coast (Spalding and others, 2007). The WIO region presents such in the western Indian Ocean (WIO), by integrating the four uniqueness of features that render it a structural and func- sectorial assessments and following the Drivers – Pressures tional unity within the world global ocean (Obura and oth- – State – Impact – Response (DPSIR) methodology. It ers, 2012). The main portion of WIO region is also referred analyses the current condition of ecosystems, resources, to as the Eastern African Marine Ecoregion (WWF 2001). services and human activities and their expected evolution Geomorphological and oceanographic features define (state and trends) in response to root causes that drive change the character of the WIO (see detailed description in Chap- (drivers), further highlighting the ways these factors act on ter 1). The bathymetric structure influences water flows the environment and human related dependencies (pres- (Parson and Evans 2005), modulating the ecosystems’ sures) and their expected outcome on the environment and large-scale mosaics and associated biodiversity (Obura and livelihoods (impacts). Human societies adapt by acting on others, 2012). The main oceanographic features are the the drivers and pressures (responses) to mitigate impacts, monsoonal regime in the northern WIO and the equatorial aiming to maintain state of the environment or reverse current that diverges close to the mainland and produces negative trends. -
Grade 3 Unit 2 Overview Open Ocean Habitats Introduction
G3 U2 OVR GRADE 3 UNIT 2 OVERVIEW Open Ocean Habitats Introduction The open ocean has always played a vital role in the culture, subsistence, and economic well-being of Hawai‘i’s inhabitants. The Hawaiian Islands lie in the Pacifi c Ocean, a body of water covering more than one-third of the Earth’s surface. In the following four lessons, students learn about open ocean habitats, from the ocean’s lighter surface to the darker bottom fl oor thousands of feet below the surface. Although organisms are scarce in the deep sea, there is a large diversity of organisms in addition to bottom fi sh such as polycheate worms, crustaceans, and bivalve mollusks. They come to realize that few things in the open ocean have adapted to cope with the increased pressure from the weight of the water column at that depth, in complete darkness and frigid temperatures. Students fi nd out, through instruction, presentations, and website research, that the vast open ocean is divided into zones. The pelagic zone consists of the open ocean habitat that begins at the edge of the continental shelf and extends from the surface to the ocean bottom. This zone is further sub-divided into the photic (sunlight) and disphotic (twilight) zones where most ocean organisms live. Below these two sub-zones is the aphotic (darkness) zone. In this unit, students learn about each of the ocean zones, and identify and note animals living in each zone. They also research and keep records of the evolutionary physical features and functions that animals they study have acquired to survive in harsh open ocean habitats. -
Atlantic "Pelagic" Fish Underwater World
QL DFO - Library / MPO - Bibliothèque 626 U5313 no.3 12064521 c.2 - 1 Atlantic "Pelagic" Fish Underwater World Fish that range the open sea are Pelagic species are generally very Atlantic known as " pelagic" species, to dif streamlined. They are blue or blue ferentiate them from "groundfish" gray over their backs and silvery "Pelagic" Fish which feed and dwell near the bot white underneath - a form of tom . Feeding mainly in surface or camouflage when in the open sea. middle depth waters, pelagic fish They are caught bath in inshore travel mostly in large schools, tu. n and offshore waters, principally with ing and manoeuvring in close forma mid-water trawls, purse seines, gill tion with split-second timing in their nets, traps and weirs. quest for plankton and other small species. Best known of the pelagic popula tions of Canada's Atlantic coast are herring, but others in order of economic importance include sal mon, mackerel , swordfish, bluefin tuna, eels, smelt, gaspereau and capelin. Sorne pelagic fish, notably salmon and gaspereau, migrate from freshwater to the sea and back again for spawning. Eels migrate in the opposite direction, spawning in sait water but entering freshwater to feed . Underwater World Herring comprise more than one Herring are processed and mar Atlantic Herring keted in various forms. About half of (Ctupea harengus) fifth of Atlantic Canada's annual fisheries catch. They are found all the catch is marketed fresh or as along the northwest Atlantic coast frozen whole dressed fish and fillets, from Cape Hatteras to Hudson one-quarter is cured , including Strait. -
Field Identification of Major Demersal Teleost Fish Species Along the Indian Coast
Chapter Field Identification of Major Demersal Teleost 03 Fish Species along the Indian Coast Livi Wilson, T.M. Najmudeen and P.U. Zacharia Demersal Fisheries Division ICAR -Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi ased on their vertical distribution, fishes are broadly classified as pelagic or demersal. Species those are distributed from the seafloor to a 5 m depth above, are called demersal and those distributed from a depth of 5 m above the seafloor to the sea surface are called pelagic. The term demersal originates from the Latin word demergere, which means to sink. The demersal fish resources include the elasmobranchs, major perches, catfishes, threadfin breams, silverbellies, sciaenids, lizardfishes, pomfrets, bulls eye, flatfishes, goatfish and white fish. This chapter deals with identification of the major demersal teleost fish species. Basic morphological differences between pelagic and demersal fish Pelagic Demersal Training Manual on Advances in Marine Fisheries in India 21 MAJOR DEMERSAL FISH GROUPS Family: Serranidae – Groupers 3 flat spines on the rear edge of opercle single dorsal fin body having patterns of spots, stripes, vertical or oblique bars, or maybe plain Key to the genera 1. Cephalopholis dorsal fin membranes highly incised between the spines IX dorsal fin spines rounded or convex caudal fin 2. Epinephelus X or XI spines on dorsal fin and 13 to 19 soft rays anal-fin rays 7 to 9 3. Plectropomus weak anal fin spines preorbital depth 0.7 to 2 times orbit diameter head length 2.8 to 3.1 times in standard length Training Manual on Advances in Marine Fisheries in India 22 4. -
Forage Fish Management Plan
Oregon Forage Fish Management Plan November 19, 2016 Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Marine Resources Program 2040 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, OR 97365 (541) 867-4741 http://www.dfw.state.or.us/MRP/ Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Purpose and Need ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Federal action to protect Forage Fish (2016)............................................................................................ 7 The Oregon Marine Fisheries Management Plan Framework .................................................................. 7 Relationship to Other State Policies ......................................................................................................... 7 Public Process Developing this Plan .......................................................................................................... 8 How this Document is Organized .............................................................................................................. 8 A. Resource Analysis .................................................................................................................................... -
Management of Demersal Fisheries Resources of the Southern Indian Ocean
FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1020 FIRM/C1020 (En) ISSN 0429-9329 MANAGEMENT OF DEMERSAL FISHERIES RESOURCES OF THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN Cover photographs courtesy of Mr Hannes du Preez, Pioneer Fishing, Heerengracht, South Africa. Juvenile of Oreosoma atlanticum (Oreosomatidae). This fish was caught at 39° 15’ S, 45° 00’ E, late in 2005 at around 650 m while mid-water trawling for alfonsinos. This genus is remarkable for the large conical tubercles that cover the dorsal surface of the younger fish. Illustration by Ms Emanuela D’Antoni, Marine Resources Service, FAO Fisheries Department. Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group Information Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1020 FIRM/C1020 (En) MANAGEMENT OF DEMERSAL FISHERIES RESOURCES OF THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN Report of the fourth and fifth Ad Hoc Meetings on Potential Management Initiatives of Deepwater Fisheries Operators in the Southern Indian Ocean (Kameeldrift East, South Africa, 12–19 February 2006 and Albion, Petite Rivière, Mauritius, 26–28 April 2006) including specification of benthic protected areas and a 2006 programme of fisheries research. compiled by Ross Shotton FAO Fisheries Department FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2006 The mention or omission of specific companies, their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement or judgement by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
A Review of Planktivorous Fishes: Their Evolution, Feeding Behaviours, Selectivities, and Impacts
Hydrobiologia 146: 97-167 (1987) 97 0 Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht - Printed in the Netherlands A review of planktivorous fishes: Their evolution, feeding behaviours, selectivities, and impacts I Xavier Lazzaro ORSTOM (Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement eri Coopération), 213, rue Lu Fayette, 75480 Paris Cedex IO, France Present address: Laboratorio de Limrzologia, Centro de Recursos Hidricob e Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Hidraulica e Sarzeamento, Universidade de São Paulo, AV,DI: Carlos Botelho, 1465, São Carlos, Sï? 13560, Brazil t’ Mail address: CI? 337, São Carlos, SI? 13560, Brazil Keywords: planktivorous fish, feeding behaviours, feeding selectivities, electivity indices, fish-plankton interactions, predator-prey models Mots clés: poissons planctophages, comportements alimentaires, sélectivités alimentaires, indices d’électivité, interactions poissons-pltpcton, modèles prédateurs-proies I Résumé La vision classique des limnologistes fut de considérer les interactions cntre les composants des écosystè- mes lacustres comme un flux d’influence unidirectionnel des sels nutritifs vers le phytoplancton, le zoo- plancton, et finalement les poissons, par l’intermédiaire de processus de contrôle successivement physiqucs, chimiques, puis biologiques (StraSkraba, 1967). L‘effet exercé par les poissons plaiictophages sur les commu- nautés zoo- et phytoplanctoniques ne fut reconnu qu’à partir des travaux de HrbáEek et al. (1961), HrbAEek (1962), Brooks & Dodson (1965), et StraSkraba (1965). Ces auteurs montrèrent (1) que dans les étangs et lacs en présence de poissons planctophages prédateurs visuels. les conimuiiautés‘zooplanctoniques étaient com- posées d’espèces de plus petites tailles que celles présentes dans les milieux dépourvus de planctophages et, (2) que les communautés zooplanctoniques résultantes, composées d’espèces de petites tailles, influençaient les communautés phytoplanctoniques.