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Cicada Cretensis Sp. N. (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) from Southern Greece

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Cicada Cretensis Sp. N. (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) from Southern Greece Biologia, Bratislava, 60/5: 489—494, 2005 489 Cicada cretensis sp. n. (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) from southern Greece José Alberto Quartau & Paula Cristina Simoes˜ Centro de Biologia Ambiental & Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciˆencias de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Based on material collected recently on the island of Crete, in southern Greece, the present study describes a new species of the genus Cicada. The new species is closely related to both C. orni and C. mordoganensis, but can be distinguished from these by characters of the male genitalia and the distinctive calling song, which is illustrated by oscillograms, sonagrams and amplitude spectra. Comparison of the calling song of C. cretensis sp.n.withthoseofC. orni and C. mordoganensis showed considerable differences, especially in the inter-echeme interval, which is in general shorter in the new species than in either C. orni or C. mordoganensis. Moreover, the duration of the echemes of C. cretensis sp. n. is, on average, considerably longer than in C. orni and shorter than in C. mordoganensis. Key words: Hemiptera, Cicada, taxonomy, calling song, new species, Greece, Crete. Introduction This study presents the description of a new species of the genus Cicada collected in S Greece, C. creten- The genus Cicada L., 1758 is distributed mainly in sis sp. n. Field-work has been conducted on the Greek the Mediterranean area and includes the following six and Turkish mainlands and on numerous Aegean is- species: Cicada barbara St˚al, 1866, C. cerisyi Guérin- lands and the new species was found on the island of Méneville, 1844, C. lodosi Boulard, 1979, C. mordo- Crete (Tabs 1, 2). As referred to below, the new species ganensis Boulard, 1979,C.orniL., 1758 and C. per- is closely related to both C. orni and C. mordoganensis magna Haupt, 1917. Several other species were de- but can be distinguished from these by characters of scribed from Italy in the past, but these are either the male genitalia and through the calling song, which synonyms of C. orni (e.g., C. oleae Costa, 1877) or is quite different. belong to different taxa (e.g., C. afona Costa, 1834 now within the Cercopidae) (Servadei, 1969; Nast, Material and methods 1972) Cicada barbara isknowntooccurintheSW Field-work was carried out on the island of Crete during part of Europe and N Africa (Algeria, Italy, Libya, the summer of 2001 (Tab. 1). Altogether, the calling song Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain and Tunisia) (Nast, of 20 males from this island was recorded in the field. The 1972; Boulard, 1981; Quartau & Fonseca, 1988; acoustic recordings were made during the warmest hours of the day, usually at temperatures of 30–38 ◦C with a TCD- Boulard, 1995), C. cerisyi is only found in Egypt Nast, 1972; Schedl, D10 ProII digital Sony DAT recorder (frequency range 20– and Libya ( 1993). On the 22 000 Hz) connected to a compatible dynamic microphone other hand, C. lodosi and C. permagna seem to oc- (frequency range 50–18 000 Hz). At a later stage, specimens cur in Turkey only, in the eastern part of the Mediter- were collected by hand or by a sweeping net. Song termi- ranean area (Nast, 1972; Boulard, 1979; Lodos & nology follows that of GOGALA &TRILAR (1999, 2000) and Kalkandelen, 1981; Boulard, 1995). Cicada mor- GOGALA &POPOV (2000). doganensis is also an eastern species described from Sound recordings were analysed in the time and fre- Turkey, but it can be also found in several Greek is- quency domains and were shown as oscillograms, sonagrams lands along the Turkish coast (Boulard, 1979; Lodos and amplitude spectra using a Digital Audio Card (sound card with a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, and 16 Bit dynamic & Kalkandelen, 1981; Simoes˜ ., 2000) Cicada et al . range) and suitable software (Avisoft-SASLab Pro) as in orni is the species with the widest distribution from the previous analyses (QUARTAU et al., 1999, 2000; SIMOES˜ et Iberian peninsula to W Greece and Turkey (Quartau al., 2000). In the frequency domain, spectra were computed et al., 1999) and some countries in the near East (Nast, with a resolution of 512 points of FFT-Length and a Ham- 1972), and also around the Black Sea (Popov, 1975). ming Window. 490 J. A. Quartau &P.C.Simoes˜ Table 1. Populations of Cicada cretensis sp. n. sampled, with number of specimens taken (N1), number of males recorded (N2)and date of collecting and recording. Site N1 N2 Date of collecting and recording ◦ ◦ ¾¾ Akoúmia (35 10 N, 24 35 E) 3 ;4 – 10.VII.2001 ◦ ◦ ¾¾ Chania (35 31 N, 24 1 E) 11 ;4 2 9.VII.2001 ◦ ◦ Lerapatra (35 1 N, 24 45 E) 1 2 11.VII.2001 ◦ ◦ Omalos (35 20 N, 23 54 E) – 1 9.VII.2001 ◦ ◦ ¾¾ Pilalimata (35 2 N, 25 59 E) 3 ;3 – 11.VII.2001 ◦ ◦ ¾¾ Pirgos (35 0 N, 25 9 E) 11 ;2 2 10.VII.2001 ◦ ◦ Spili (35 13 N, 24 32 E) – 4 10.VII.2001 ◦ ◦ ¾¾ Tylissos (35 18 N, 25 1 E) 14 ;7 3 8.VII.2001 ◦ ◦ Vai (35 16 N, 26 16 E) – 6 11.VII.2001 ¾¾ Total 43 ;19 20 Table 2. Populations of Cicada mordoganensis and C. orni sampled with number of males recorded for sound analyses (N ) and dates of recording. Populations Area Species N Dates of recording Chios (Greece) (38◦31 N, 26◦2 E) Island C. mordoganensis 14 10.VII.1999; 6–8.VII.2000 Ikaria (Greece) (37◦36 N, 26◦11 E) Island C. mordoganensis 9 1–10.VII.1998; 8–9.VII.1999 Koz (Greece) (36◦48 N, 27◦4 E) Island C. mordoganensis 13 11–12.VII.2000 Rhodes (Greece) (36◦11 N, 27◦56 E) Island C. mordoganensis 3 8.VII.2000 Samos (Greece) (37◦45 N, 26◦49 E) Island C. mordoganensis 17 12–14.VII.1997; 13.VII.1998 Turkish south coast (several sites: Lat. from Mainland C. mordoganensis 14 21–23.VI.2003 36◦56 Nto39◦17 N, Long. from 26◦46 E to 28◦37 E) Turkish west coast (several sites: Lat. from Mainland C. mordoganensis 14 23–24.VI.2003 36◦49 Nto36◦58 N, Long. from 29◦10 E to 34◦40 E) Total 84 Andros (Greece) (37◦55 N, 24◦48 E) Island C. orni 3 3–4.VII.1999 Lesbos (Greece) (39◦11 N, 26◦2 E) Island C. orni 3 13.VII.2000 Naxus (Greece) (37◦6 N, 25◦28 E) Island C. orni 4 6.VII.1999 Skyros (Greece) (38◦54 N, 24◦32 E) Island C. orni 17 28.VI.2002 Assos (Turkey) (39◦36 N, 26◦27 E) Mainland C. orni 1 27.VI.2003 Athens (Greece) (37◦58 N, 23◦43 E) Mainland C. orni 19 9–10.VII.1997; 15.VII.1998; 13.VII.1999 Evia (Greece) (38◦27 N, 24◦4 E) Mainland C. orni 12 29.VI.2002 Itea (Athika, Greece) (38◦26 N, 22◦25 E) Mainland C. orni 24 26 and 29.VI.2002 Kosmas (Greece) (37◦6 N, 22◦44 E) Mainland C. orni 2 24.VI.2002 Neapolis (Greece) (35◦31 N, 24◦1 E) Mainland C. orni 7 25.VI.2002 Paralio (Greece) (37◦15 N, 22◦52 E) Mainland C. orni 7 24.VI.2002 Skala (Athika, Greece) (38◦40 N, 23◦5 E) Mainland C. orni 4 29.VI.2002 Total 103 For each male, recordings of about one minute were were tested using non-parametric Mann-Whitney (MW) U analysed and the following 13 acoustic variables were cal- tests at a significance level of P = 0.05. Statistical tests were culated (Tab. 3): number of echemes/second, echeme dura- made using Statistica 6.0 software (STATSOFT, 2001). tion, inter-echeme interval, echeme period, ratio of echeme All specimens were measured and males were dissected to inter-echeme interval, peak frequency, bandwidth (at −20 for examination of the genitalia. dB), quartile 25%, quartile 50%, quartile 75%, interquartile range, minimum frequency and maximum frequency. Cicada cretensis sp. n. (Figs 1, 2) In order to test interspecific acoustic differentiation be- tween C. cretensis sp. n. and the closely related C. orni and Description. Morphology. The new species looks ex- C. mordoganensis, an R-type ordination known as princi- pal component analysis was carried out using all measured ternally very similar to the closely related C. orni and acoustic variables and all recorded males of the new species C. mordoganensis and can hardly be distinguished from (n = 20) and males of C. orni (n = 103), and C. mordoga- these based on external morphological characters only. nensis (n = 84) from geographically close populations (Tabs Overall length from apex of crown to tips of the 1, 2). Data were standardized. Two-sample comparisons tegmina in rest position alongside the body: males, 40– Cicada cretensis sp. n. from Greece... 491 Acoustic behaviour. Table 3 gives a summary of each of the time and spectral characteristics of the calling song that were measured for the new species and the closely allied C. orni and C. mordoganensis. Consider- ing average values, this signal (Fig. 3) can be described in the time domain as having echemes with 0.22 ± 0.04 s of duration that are separated by intervals of 0.10 ± 0.04 s. With respect to the spectral characteristics of the signal, it shows a peak frequency of about 5.36 ± 0.34 kHz, and a bandwidth (−20 dB) of 8.26 ± 0.99 kHz. The mean frequency (quartile 50%) is about 6.12 ± Fig. 1. Lateral view of the pygophore of Cicada cretensis sp.
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