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Good Practice Guide for Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, FIRMS (2011)
Good Practice Guide for Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Good Practice Guide for Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry First Edition 2011 Editors Dr Jim Carter, UK Vicki Barwick, UK Contributors Dr Jim Carter, UK Dr Claire Lock, UK Acknowledgements Prof Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, UK This Guide has been produced by Dr Helen Kemp, UK members of the Steering Group of the Forensic Isotope Ratio Mass Dr Sabine Schneiders, Germany Spectrometry (FIRMS) Network. Dr Libby Stern, USA Acknowledgement of an individual does not indicate their agreement with Dr Gerard van der Peijl, Netherlands this Guide in its entirety. Production of this Guide was funded in part by the UK National Measurement System. This publication should be cited as: First edition 2011 J. F. Carter and V. J. Barwick (Eds), Good practice guide for isotope ratio mass spectrometry, FIRMS (2011). ISBN 978-0-948926-31-0 ISBN 978-0-948926-31-0 Copyright © 2011 Copyright of this document is vested in the members of the FIRMS Network. IRMS Guide 1st Ed. 2011 Preface A few decades ago, mass spectrometry (by which I mean organic MS) was considered a “black art”. Its complex and highly expensive instruments were maintained and operated by a few dedicated technicians and its output understood by only a few academics. Despite, or because, of this the data produced were amongst the “gold standard” of analytical science. In recent years a revolution occurred and MS became an affordable, easy to use and routine technique in many laboratories. Although many (rightly) applaud this popularisation, as a consequence the “black art” has been replaced by a “black box”: SAMPLES GO IN → → RESULTS COME OUT The user often has little comprehension of what goes on “under the hood” and, when “things go wrong”, the inexperienced operator can be unaware of why (or even that) the results that come out do not reflect the sample that goes in. -
Progress and Challenges in Using Stable Isotopes to Trace Plant Carbon and Water Relations Across Scales
Biogeosciences, 9, 3083–3111, 2012 www.biogeosciences.net/9/3083/2012/ Biogeosciences doi:10.5194/bg-9-3083-2012 © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Progress and challenges in using stable isotopes to trace plant carbon and water relations across scales C. Werner1,19, H. Schnyder2, M. Cuntz3, C. Keitel4, M. J. Zeeman5, T. E. Dawson6, F.-W. Badeck7, E. Brugnoli8, J. Ghashghaie9, T. E. E. Grams10, Z. E. Kayler11, M. Lakatos12, X. Lee13, C. Maguas´ 14, J. Ogee´ 15, K. G. Rascher1, R. T. W. Siegwolf16, S. Unger1, J. Welker17, L. Wingate18, and A. Gessler11 1Experimental and Systems Ecology, University Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany 2Lehrstuhl fur¨ Grunlandlehre,¨ Technische Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany 3UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany 4University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia 5College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 COAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis (OR), USA 6Center for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 7Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) PF 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany 8CNR – National Research Council of Italy – Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy 9Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systematique´ et Evolution (ESE), CNRS AgroParisTech – UMR8079, Batimentˆ 362, Universite´ de Paris-Sud (XI), 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 10Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany 11Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry Leibniz-Zentrum fur¨ Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V., Eberswalderstr. -
Stable Isotope Methods in Biological and Ecological Studies of Arthropods
eea_572.fm Page 3 Tuesday, June 12, 2007 4:17 PM DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00572.x Blackwell Publishing Ltd MINI REVIEW Stable isotope methods in biological and ecological studies of arthropods CORE Rebecca Hood-Nowotny1* & Bart G. J. Knols1,2 Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Wageningen University & Research Publications 1International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Agency’s Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria, 2Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands Accepted: 13 February 2007 Key words: marking, labelling, enrichment, natural abundance, resource turnover, 13-carbon, 15-nitrogen, 18-oxygen, deuterium, mass spectrometry Abstract This is an eclectic review and analysis of contemporary and promising stable isotope methodologies to study the biology and ecology of arthropods. It is augmented with literature from other disciplines, indicative of the potential for knowledge transfer. It is demonstrated that stable isotopes can be used to understand fundamental processes in the biology and ecology of arthropods, which range from nutrition and resource allocation to dispersal, food-web structure, predation, etc. It is concluded that falling costs and reduced complexity of isotope analysis, besides the emergence of new analytical methods, are likely to improve access to isotope technology for arthropod studies still further. Stable isotopes pose no environmental threat and do not change the chemistry or biology of the target organism or system. These therefore represent ideal tracers for field and ecophysiological studies, thereby avoiding reductionist experimentation and encouraging more holistic approaches. Con- sidering (i) the ease with which insects and other arthropods can be marked, (ii) minimal impact of the label on their behaviour, physiology, and ecology, and (iii) environmental safety, we advocate more widespread application of stable isotope technology in arthropod studies and present a variety of potential uses. -
Encuentro Magazine Throughout the School Term, Your Valuable Enthusiasm and Aesthetic Pictures Were a Major Contribution That Made This Issue Possible
Ciclo escolar 2020-2021, núm. 2 Like a sandcastle, all is temporary. Build it, tend it, enjoy it, and when the time comes, let it go. With all my heart... Thank you ETON team! Directory Greetings Liz Panchuk Head of School FOUNDER Margarita Arzac HEAD OF SCHOOL “Only an educator holds the highest and Liz Panchuk most sublime of missions. Teaching is the EARLY CHILDHOOD & ELEMENTARY ACADEMIC PRINCIPAL Yvonne Kogan most transcendent and significant work TODDLER CENTER PRINCIPAL Narda Vega because it carries with it the noblest and most PRESCHOOL PRINCIPAL beneficial sentiment of the human heart.” Stephanie López EARLY ELEMENTARY PRINCIPAL Sylvia Karam Margarita Arzac UPPER ELEMENTARY PRINCIPAL Pepa Pin MIDDLE & HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL Rosamaría Díaz-Vélez ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCE DIRECTOR When people ask me what I do for a living, Claudia Camacho OPERATIONS AND SERVICES DIRECTOR I proudly say that I am educator, because Ma. Elena Ruschke ADMISSIONS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS DIRECTOR teaching is not what I do, it is part of who I am. Pilar Rodríguez There is nothing more important in this world EDITORIAL STAFF than the shaping of young minds; teaching has Communication and Image Department Coordinator: Alejandra Torres Graphic Designers: Carlos A. Ramírez and Jazmín Sánchez an immediate impact in the lives of students, Editors: Alejandra Loperena and Natalia Ramos but what they learn today will also determine COLLABORATORS the world we live in tomorrow. In this regard, Alejandra Cevallos, Alejandro Kreimerman, Alicia Vázquez, Ann McPhee, Camila Islas, Diego Oseguera, Dileri Berdeja, Elisa Sáiz, Gabriela Tamayo, teachers have the power to work for a better Irene Vera, Liz Panchuk, Mariana Acosta, Naomi Trego, Nathalie Zidán, Patricia Núñez, Patricio Flores, Pepa Pin, Stephanie López, and Sylvia Karam. -
Manuscripts When Comparing in Situ Derived Data with Other Methods Was Achieved in the Study of Oerter Et Al
In situ measurements of soil and plant water isotopes: A review of approaches, practical considerations and a vision for the future Matthias Beyer1, Kathrin Kühnhammer1, Maren Dubbert2 1 Institute for Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany & 5 German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), 30655 Hannover, Germany 2 Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg Correspondence to: Matthias Beyer ([email protected]) Glossary bag equilibration method: a methodology to determine water isotope values of water/soil/plant samples which is based on 10 collecting the measurand in air-tight bags which are then filled with a dry gas. Subsequently, the equilibrated vapor is directed to a laser spectrometer and measured. We count this method to 'destructive' sampling here as material needs to be removed from its origin in order to by analyzed. CG model: Craig and Gordon model for isotopic fractionation during evaporation of open water bodies. Widely applied to determine the isotope value of soil evaporation 15 cryogenic (vacuum) extraction: up to date most widely used method for extracting water from soil and plant samples for subsequent analysis of isotope values. In this method the water is extracted by heating the sample thus completely evaporating contained water and collection of the evaporate in a cold-trap destructive sampling: any sampling activity where the material/substrate to be measured is removed from its original place (e.g. collection in vials, bags, etc.) 20 gas permeable membrane: tubular micro-porous membrane material that is permeable for water vapor and allows the air inside to isotopically equilibrate with the surrounding of the membrane gas permeable membrane probes: commercially available or custom-made probes employing gas permeable membranes in situ measurement: A direct measurement of a variable in its original place (e.g. -
Educationinnovation2015.Pdf
Edited by: Michael Thoennessen, Michigan State University, and Graham Peaslee, Hope College Layout and design: Erin O’Donnell, NSCL, Michigan State University Front cover: Photograph of lead-tungstate scintillator crystals in a support frame for the Primakoff Experiment (PrimEx) in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. Preamble 3 1 Executive Summary 5 2 Education and Workforce 9 2.1 Workforce Development 9 2.2 Graduate and Postgraduate Education 19 2.3 Undergraduate Education 27 2.4 Outreach and K12 37 3 Innovation 43 3.1 Defense and Security 46 3.2 Energy and Climate 49 3.3 Health and Medicine 54 3.4 Art, Forensic, and other Applications 61 Appendix A: Town Meeting Program 72 Appendix B: Town Meeting Attendees 76 Appendix C: Presentation Abstracts 78 Appendix D: Examples of Outreach Activities 135 Ed Hartouni (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) Anna Hayes (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Calvin Howell (Duke University) Cynthia Keppel (Jefferson Lab) Micha Kilburn (University of Notre Dame) Amy McCausey (Michigan State University, conference coordinator) Graham Peaslee (Hope College, co-convener) David Robertson (University of Missouri) Gunther Roland (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Mike Snow (Indiana University) Michael Thoennessen (Michigan State University, co-convener) The town meeting was supported by the Division of Nuclear Physics and the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. We would like to thank Kandice Carter, Jolie Cizewski, Micha Kilburn, Peggy Norris, Erich Ormand, and Warren Rogers for suggestions, proof reading, data compilation, collecting the examples of outreach activities. The DNP NSAC Long Range Plan Town Meeting on Education and Innovation was held August 6–8, 2014 on the campus of Michigan State University in East Lansing, MI. -
ESTUDIO Comparativode Colegiaturas Y Remuneraciones En Instituciones Educativas
ESTUDIO COMPARATIVOde colegiaturas y remuneraciones en instituciones educativas. “Le decimos en dónde está, para que usted decida hacia donde ir” Cada día usted junto con su equipo directivo, determina el rumbo de su colegio: nuestro objetivo es contribuir para que las estrategias que los guían se sustenten en información fidedigna emanada del sector educa- tivo privado. Contar con datos actualizados, pertinentes, claros, confiables y sólidos apuntalará sus decisiones, para desenvolverse con certidumbre y tran- quilidad, en un entorno cambiante y altamente competitivo. Hemos construido un estudio a lo largo de 20 años gracias a las apor- taciones constantes de los colegios conscientes de la importancia del trabajo colaborativo, con la premisa de que un mejor entendimiento del sector educativo privado sólo puede emanar de sus protagonistas: las instituciones que abren sus puertas y comparten información en benefi- cio de todos. Trabajamos guiados La información que se maneja en los colegios se clasifica en dos grupos: con el principio de la que está al acceso del público en general, como son las colegiaturas, instalaciones y alumnos, y se presenta de manera abierta para todos los colegios participantes; y la información que debe resguardarse con estricta confidencialidad, como son los sueldos, prestaciones e indicado- Reciprocidad& res administrativos, y por lo tanto se presenta con medidas de estadística descriptiva haciendo imposible identificar los datos particulares de los Confidencialidad participantes. ¿CÓMO ELABORAMOS EL REPORTE DEL ESTUDIO? Revisamos, analizamos y A calculamos la estadística C con los datos recopilados. CALCULAMOS RECABAMOS ENTREGAMOS Recabamos la información Entregamos resultados a directamente de los colegios B los colegios involucrados: participantes. -
Mass Spectrometer Hardware for Analyzing Stable Isotope Ratios
Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques, Volume-I P.A. de Groot (Editor) © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 38 Mass Spectrometer Hardware for Analyzing Stable Isotope Ratios Willi A. Brand Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Mass spectrometers and sample preparation techniques for stable isotope ratio measurements, originally developed and used by a small group of scientists, are now used in a wide range of fields. Instruments today are typically acquired from a manu- facturer rather than being custom built in the laboratory, as was once the case. In order to consistently generate measurements of high precision and reliability, an extensive knowledge of instrumental effects and their underlying causes is required. This con- tribution attempts to fill in the gaps that often characterize the instrumental knowl- edge of relative newcomers to the field. 38.1 Introduction Since the invention of mass spectrometry in 1910 by J.J. Thomson in the Cavendish laboratories in Cambridge(‘parabola spectrograph’; Thompson, 1910), this technique has provided a wealth of information about the microscopic world of atoms, mole- cules and ions. One of the first discoveries was the existence of stable isotopes, which were first seen in 1912 in neon (masses 20 and 22, with respective abundances of 91% and 9%; Thomson, 1913). Following this early work, F.W. Aston in the same laboratory set up a new instrument for which he coined the term ‘mass spectrograph’ which he used for checking almost all of the elements for the existence of isotopes. -
Online Resources for Stable Isotope Laboratory Education and Training and Ecological Applications
Online Resources for Stable Isotope Laboratory Education and Training and Ecological Applications Lisandra Trine, J. Renée Brooks, and William Rugh Ecological Effects Branch Pacific Ecological Systems Division Corvallis, OR, 97330 Introduction EPA’s Integrated Stable Isotope Research Facility developed a table of online educational and training resources for stable isotope analysis methods and ecological applications. This table was compiled from broad input from the stable isotope geochemistry community on the ISOGEOCHEM list serve. This resource material provides continued training of EPA and other staff in the greater stable isotope research group during situations when they may not have access to the laboratories. For any comments or recommendations to incorporate into this general listing, email [email protected]. Notice/Disclaimer Statement The views expressed in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any mention of trade names, products, or services does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA does not endorse any commercial products, services, or enterprises. This document provides links to non-EPA web sites that provide additional information about this topic. EPA cannot attest to the accuracy of information on that non-EPA page. Copywrite laws must be considered for all material in these links. Providing links to a non- EPA Web site is not an endorsement of the other site or the information it contains by EPA or any of its employees. Also, be aware that the privacy protection provided on the EPA.gov domain (see Privacy and Security Notice) may not be available at the external link. -
Nuclear and Isotopic Techniques for Marine Pollution Monitoring
NUCLEAR AND ISOTOPIC TECHNIQUES FOR MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING A. Introduction The greatest natural resource on the Planet, the World Ocean is both the origin of most life forms and the source of survival for hundredsth of millions of people. Pollution of the oceans was an essential problem of the 20 century that was associated with the rapid industrializationst and unplanned occupation of coastal zones It continues to be a concern in the 21 century. The most serious environmental problems encountered in coastal zones are presented by runoff of agricultural nutrients, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants, such as pesticides and plastics. Oil spills from ships and tankers continually present a serious threat to birds, marine life and beaches. Also, many pesticides that are banned in most industrialized countries remain in use today, their trans-boundary pathway of dispersion affecting marine ecosystems the world over. In addition to these problems, ocean dumping of radioactive waste has occurred in the past, and might occur again, with authorised discharges of radioactive substances from nuclear facilities into rivers and coastal areas contributing to the contamination of the marine environment. A trans-boundary issue, marine pollution is often caused by inland economic activities, which lead to ecological changes in the marine environment. Examples include the use of chemicals in agriculture, atmospheric emissions from factories and automobiles, sewage discharges into lakes and rivers, and many other phenomena taking place hundreds or thousands of kilometres away from the seashore. Sooner or later, these activities affect the ecology of estuaries, bays, coastal waters, and sometimes entire seas, consequently having an impact on the economy related to maritime activities. -
Determination of the Δ15n and Δ13c
Title Page Determination of the δ 15N and δ 13C of Total Nitrogen and Carbon in Solids; RSIL Lab Code 1832 Chapter 5 of Section C, Stable Isotope-Ratio Methods Book 10, Methods of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory Techniques and Methods 10–C5 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey This page left blank intentionally. Determination of the δ 15N and δ 13C of Total Nitrogen and Carbon in Solids; RSIL Lab Code 1832 By Kinga Révész, Haiping Qi, and Tyler B. Coplen Chapter 5 of Section C, Stable Isotope-Ratio Methods Book 10, Methods of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory Edited by Kinga Révész and Tyler B. Coplen Techniques and Methods 10–C5 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 Version 1.0, 2006 Version 1.1, 2007 Version 1.2, 2012 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1–888–ASK–USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. Suggested citation: Révész, Kinga, Qi, Haiping, and Coplen, T.B., 2012, Determination of the δ 15N and δ 13C of total nitrogen and carbon in solids; RSIL lab code 1832, chap. -
Investigating the Origin of Cotton in Yarn Using Multivariate Isotope Profiles
INVESTIGATING THE ORIGIN OF COTTON IN YARN USING MULTIVARIATE ISOTOPE PROFILES W. Meier-Augenstein1,2, N. N. Daeid3, H. F. Kemp1 1 Stable Isotope Laboratory, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK. 2 Environmental and Forensic Science Research Group, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK. 3 Centre for Forensic Sciences, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. INTRODUCTION The analysis of cotton fibres can be particularly challenging within a forensic science context where discrimination of one fibre from another is of importance. Normally cotton fibre analysis examines the morphological structure of the recovered material and compares this with that of a known fibre from a particular source of interest. Analysis of the dyes which may have been applied to the cotton fibre can also be undertaken though this can be difficult and unproductive in terms of discriminating one fibre from another. The aim of this work was to explore the potential for Isotope Ratio Mass Spectroscopy (IRMS) to be utilised as an additional tool for cotton fibre analysis in an attempt to reveal further discriminatory information. For this proof-of-concept study we concentrated on un-dyed cotton fibres of known origin in order to expose the potential of the analytical technique. Limited amounts of previous research have reported stable isotope analysis of cotton plants, leaves or cellulose and have investigated natural variation in 2H and 18O isotopic abundance in plant dry matter [1], carbohydrates [2] or the effect of water stress on 2H, 18O and 13C isotopic abundance in cellulose [3]. However, these previous studies have confirmed the feasibility of using the 2H, 18O and 13C isotopic composition of cotton cellulose present in cotton fabrics as a potential discriminatory tool.