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1999 - Fall Guide to Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park Autumn Wildlife Watching in the Park Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park They clip the cones from the branches, drop time of year. During the fall rut (breeding takes on an added beauty during this time them to the ground, and pick them up later. season) watch for males herding the females. of year. As the nights turn cool and the If you are very lucky you may see a pine Listen in the evening and early morning and crowds of summer thin, animals become marten. This tree dwelling member of the you may hear the sound of the males bu­ increasingly more visible to the autumn visi­ weasel family preys on red squirrels. Often gling their challenges to one another. tor. Both Waterton and Glacier, were desig­ curious, they may be as interested in you as The cliffs in the park appear to present nated Biosphere Reserves and were jointly you are in them. little for large animals to forage on. The very listed as a World Heritage Site in recogni­ The alpine areas ofthe park will soon be inaccessiblility of the cliff faces makes for tion of the diverse plant and animal com­ covered with snow. Two common residents excellent protection from predators. Search munities found within their borders. deal with the lack of food in very different the open slopes in the Many Glacier Valley Take a few moments to learn a little about ways. Pikas have been busily collecting veg- for bighorn sheep. The windblown face of the different habitats used by park wildlife. Mt. Altyn provides some of the best big­ Once you know what to look for, discovery horn habitat in the park. Cliffs are also home ofwildlife becomes all the more rewarding. Once you know what to the symbol of Glacier National Park, the Riparian habitat (rivers and streams) is an Rocky Mountain goat. Stark white against excellent location to look for beaver. Wil­ to look for, discovery of the grey and brown cliffs, goats are hard to low thickets near small streams usually show miss. signs, like gnawed branches and trees. Up wildlife becomes all the Many other species ofwildlife live in Gla­ stream, small dams create ponds used by cier National Park. To find out more about many species of ducks and other waterfowl more rewarding. them, stop in at one of the visitor centers daring their migrations south. These same (see page 2 for closing dates). Naturalists What's Inside? small ponds provide aquatic vegetation rel­ etation all summer, curing it in the sun and are on duty to answer questions and publi­ ished by moose. Soon the chill of winter making large haystacks. Active all year long, cations are available to help you find out Information •••«|3§|j&"** page|j|- will lock up the ponds and moose will sub­ they will need much food to survive under more about the park's wildlife. Please re­ Plan to stop by one of Glacier National sist on dry twigs and bark until spring. the snows of winter. Hoary marmots on the member, the onset of winter places great '^^^^sitor centers to start your trip Dense forests make for difficult wildlife other hand spend all summer eating and stress on all the park's wildlife. Do not ap­ j0j^^arks. viewing. However, take a walk in the forest fattening up for winter. When fall comes proach wildlife closely, for their safety and and listen. Soon you should hear a sound marmots go into hibernation and will be yours. When photographing wildlife, use a like small stones hitting the ground. Stop, dormant for up to seven months of the year. telephoto lens. The use of binoculars will Camping &. Hiking...... page 2 listen, and watch. Red squirrels are harvest­ As you pass large open meadows watch increase your chance of seeing wildlife ing their winter cache of pine and fir cones. for elk or deer. Elk gather in small bands this safely and enjoying the park this autumn. pf Park Services...... page 3 ^fj$$f of servfces and facilitie^ln the park, open into the fall

|S§fety .% page 4 Bears ..«*..... page 5 /teatf a// oftheinformatj^ Oft £&& | page to farti$$arize yourself with Glacier's bear population.}. Wildlife PaS*lj

Mountain goat Chipmunk Pine marten Border Crossti^ «.***»• pa^^ U.& and Canad^ft;0tizens s^o&Silp have IdentlOica^on and pipofofage Driving the Going-to-the-Sun Road for alt passengers In the vehicle, A A drive over the Going-to-the-Sun Road in Vehicle Size Restrictions ' bfrth certificate may be needed ^p^| the fall is breathtaking. Fall color starts and Vehicles, and vehicle combinations, longer ^ildf0t, Citizens of countries othjkf } the crowds of summer have thinned out than 21 feet and wider than 8 feet, are pro­ than die United States OtCan&da may considerably, making the trip a more lei­ hibited between Avalanche Campground need a passpc0or \risS?§ surely and enjoyable experience. and the Sun Point parking area. Completed in 1932, this 52-mile road Visitors in oversize vehicles may find car combines both history and unparalleled rentals available in nearby communities. Park Map ,MZ~...J^L... page 8 scenery. It bisects the heart of Glacier. While portions of this scenic route remain open year-round, the higher sections are generally not open until late May or June and this year will close October 18. Be aware of wildlife along the roads, es­ pecially at dusk or at night. Animals often dart out in front of moving vehicles. Please watch for and give the right of way The Going-to-the-Sun Road will close for the to children and pedestrians. Obey the season on the morning of October 18, unless posted speed limit at all times. 21 Feet - 8 Feet - closed earlier due to weather conditions. Glacier National Park - Glacier National Park West Glacier, MT 59936 406-888-7800 Visitor Centers Entrance Fees Apgar Visitor Center Single Vehicle Pass $10.00 Golden Age Passports $10.00 Open until Oct. 31 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Valid at Glacier National Park for 7 days. Lifetime pass, available to U.S. residents 62 Open weekends only Nov - April Single Person Entry $5.00 and over, valid at all federal fee areas. Logan Pass Visitor Center Entry into Glacier National Park by foot, Commercial Tour Vehicle Fees Open until October 17, weather permitting bicycle, or motorcycle for 7 days. Fees are based on vehicle seating capacity: IBBl 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Glacier National Park Pass $20.00 1-6 seats=$25.00 plus $5.00 per person; illlli St. Mary Visitor Center Valid for 1 year from month of purchase. 7-15 seats=$75.00; 16-25 seats=$ 100.00; Open until October 17.... 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Golden Eagle Passport $50.00 26 or more seats=$200.00. Headquarters Building - West Glacier Valid at all Federal entrance fee parks or Open Weekdays 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. areas for 1 year from month of purchase. Separate entrance fees are charged at Waterton Lakes National Park.

Hiking and Camping Hiking Drive-in Campgrounds Over 700 miles of trail provide many out­ In the fall, several park campgrounds close Fires standing opportunities for both short hikes for the season while others remain open for Fires are permitted only in designated camp­ and extended backpacking trips. Hikers primitive camping only. Primitive camp­ grounds and picnic areas where grates are need to assume individual responsibility grounds have no running water or flush provided. for planning their trips and hiking safely. toilets. Primitive campgrounds will remain Firewood Before setting out on your hike, read all available for camping until closed by snow. Collecting firewood is prohibited except the warnings and recommendations in this Winter camping will be available at Apgar along the Inside North Fork Road from one newspaper. You will increase your odds of Picnic Area and St. Mary. Campground on mile north of Fish Creek Campground to a safe hike, decrease your disturbance to a "first-come, first-served" basis. Campsites Kintla Lake, along the Bowman Lake Road, wildlife, and lessen damage to resources. are limited to 8 people and 2 vehicles per and in the area of backcountry camp­ Trail maps, and a complete line of trail site. grounds where fires are permitted. Mt. St. Nicholas guides, topographic maps, and field guides are available at park visitor centers. Publi­ cations are also available by mail. Pick up Campground Dates of Daily Sites Maximum Length Flush Toilets Disposal Special a catalog at any visitor center or ranger Operation Fee of Sites Station Information station in the park. Apgar 5/7 - 10/18 $12 196 25 sites up to 40' Yes Yes 1 3 Brochures and signs guide visitors on Avalanche Closed for season* Glacier's six self-guided trails. The Trail of Bowman Lake Primitive $6 48 RV's not recommended 1 2 the Cedars, Huckleberry Mountain, Hidden Cut Bank Closed for season Lake, Running Eagle Falls, Sun Point, and Fish Creek Closed for season '. Swiftcurrent Nature Trails encourage hikers Kintla Lake Primitive $6 13 RV's not recommended 1 2 to experience Glacier at their own pace. The Logging Creek Primitive $6 8 RV's not recommended 1 2 Trail of the Cedars and the Running Eagle Many Glacier Primitive $6 110 13 sites up to 35* Yes Yes 1 3 Falls trail are wheelchair accessible. Quartz Creek Primitive $6 7 RV's not recommended 1 2 Rising Sun Closed for season Sprague Creek 5/21 - 9/27 $12 25 No Towed Units Yes 3 St. Mary Primitive $6 148 25 sites up to 35' Yes Yes 1 3 Two Medicine Primitive $6 99 13 sites up to 32' Yes Yes 1 3

1. Primitive camping available ($6.00) in Fall or after the listed dates, road and weather conditions permitting. 2. Primitive campground accessible by dirt road only, large units not recommended. 3. Hiker/biker sites available.

Leave No Trace Backcountry Camping Leave No Trace Outdoor Skills and Ethics is Visitors camping overnight in the backcountry must obtain a backcountry permit. National parks have a national program that promotes and in­ • Through October 31, permits may be obtained at the.Apgar Backcountry Permit Center, spires responsible outdoor recreation and 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. (note: after October 10th the Apgar Backcountry Permit Center will be experienced an increase in stewardship of America's public lands. The closed on Mondays and Tuesdays). After October 31, or on days the permit center is closed, National Park Service is a cooperating part­ permits are available at Park Headquarters. crime in recent years. Car ner in this program, along with other fed­ • Through October 17, permits may be obtained atthe the St. MaryVisitor Center backcountry eral land management agencies. desk, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. After October 17, permits are available at the Hudson Bay District Leave No Trace depends more on atti­ Office in St. Mary. burglaries and theft of tude and awareness than on rules and regu­ • Other permit issuing stations are either closed for the season or are infrequently staffed. Do lations. The time you spend in Glacier can not count on someone being available at outlying areas to provide you with a permit. After personal property are not be safer and more rewarding if you strive to October, permits are available at Park Headquarters (weekdays), the Apgar Visitor Center "Leave No Trace" of your visit on the re­ (weekends only), and the Hudson Bay District Office. uncommon. When you sources, or on the experiences of others. Permits are issued no more than 24 hours in advance of your trip. There is a $4.00 per person per night charge until Sept. 30. Advanced reservations (more than 24 hours in leave your vehicle or advance) are only available atthe Apgar Backcountry Permit Center, St. MaryVisitor Center, Please practice the following or by mail. Write to: Backcountry Permits, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT 59936 for information and to obtain reservation forms. There is a $20.00 reservation charge. campsite, secure all principles of Leave No Trace: After September 30 there are no fees charged for backcountry camping. valuables out of plain view. • Plan Ahead and Prepare Ifyou observe suspicious • Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces activity, contact a ranger as • Properly Dispose of Waste soon as possible. • Leave What You Find Descriptions of individuals, • Minimize Campfire vehicles, or license numbers Impacts are extremely helpful. • Respect Wildlife

• Be Considerate of Others View from Boulder Pass Glacier National Park West Glacier, MT 59936 Glacier National Park 406-888-7800 Fall Concession Services in Glacier National Park Apgar Lake McDonald Backpacking and Campstore Campstore Lodging Eddie's Campstore closing Sept. 26 Lake McDonald Lodge closing Sept. 27 Lake McDonald Lodge closing Sept. 27 Hiking Guide Service Gift Shops Camper services - groceries, fishing and Lodge, cabins and motel - Call for reserva­ Glacier Wilderness Guides offers guided day Eddie's Campstore closing Sept. 26 camping supplies, firewood and gifts. tions at 406-888-5431. hikes and backpacking trips into Glacier's The Cedar Tree closing late Sept. Gift Shop Scenic Boat Tours & Boat Rental backcountry for one to seven days. Custom Schoolhouse Gifts.. closing Oct 12 Lake McDonald Lodge closing 27 Glacier Park Boat Co closing Sept. 23 trips available. Camping equipment is avail­ Montana House of Gifts ... closing mid Oct. Food and Beverage Narrated tours of Lake McDonald depart from able for rent at their West Glacier office. For Lodging Cedar Dining Room closing Sept. 27 boat dock lakeside of Lake McDonald Lodge. information call 406-387-5555 or 800-521- Apgar Village Lodge closing Oct 14 Serving breakfast, lunch, and dinner 1 hour cruises depart daily at 10 AM, 1:30 RAFT. You may also contact them via email at Call for reservations 406-888-5484 Russell's Trails End Family Restauraunt PM, 3:30 PM, and 7 PM. [email protected] or view their http://www.westglacier.com closing Sept. 27 Check location for details. 406-888-5727. webpage, http://www.glacierguides.com. > Apgar closure dates are dependent on Serving breakfast, lunch, and dinner Rental Boats 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. weather conditions. Check locations for ex­ (counter service to Sept. 8) Rowboats and 6 hp motorboats. act dates and hours. Stockade Lounge .... 11:30 a.m. to Midnight

Bicycling Pets JL Parks In Glacier, bicycles are restricted to roadways, bike routes, or parking areas and are not Pets are permitted in campgrounds, overlooks, and parking areas. They must be on a leash allowed on trails. Waterton Lakes National Park allows some bicycling on trails. of 6 feet or less, caged, or in a vehicle at all times. Pets may not be left unattended and are not Cyclists must observe all traffic regulations. Keep well to the right side ofthe road and ride permitted on trails, along lake shores, or in the backcountry. Pets are not allowed in restau­ in single file only. Pull off the road if four or more vehicles stack up behind you. In fog or rants, stores, or visitor centers. Pet owners are required to pick up after their pets and after dark a white light in front and a red reflector on the rear of your bicycle are required. Be dispose of waste properly. visible! Attach a bright flag on a pole and wear light-colored clothing. Watch for falling rocks, drainage grates, and ice on road. Glacier's Weather Glacier National Park's fall weather is as varied as its landscape. In the fall, cool weather and rain, Hunting maybe even some snow, return to the park. Expect daytime temperatures in the 50's and 60's. It Hunting and loaded firearms are prohib­ is frequently 10 to 15 degrees cooler at higher elevations. At night, temperatures probably will be ited in Glacier National Park. Unloaded fire­ dropping below freezing at night. arms may be transported in a vehicle if the The western valleys generally receive the most-rainfall. Sunny days are still quite common on weapon is cased, broken down, or ren­ the east side of the park, however, strong winds frequently occur. Rain and clouds increase dered inoperative, and kept out of sight. through the fall and snow can fall anytime. Hunters may not pursue, dress out, or trans­ Expect a variety of weather conditions and pack accordingly. You may start the day in aT-shirt port legally wounded or killed animals that and shorts, but you will need a parka by evening. Dress in layers. Always bring raingear. end up within park boundaries, unless ac­ The weather data shown here is-for West Glacier, at an elevation of 3200 ft. Temperatures and companied by a park ranger. To report such rainfall amounts are often much different in other parts of the park. incidents, call 888-7800. Lawfully taken and tagged wildlife may •uiMMMrcffliffl QQI jgj mjj EM QEQ |QS| MEM Kffil KEffl gjQ] QQgQQ be transported through the park only on Ave. precipitation 3.25" 1.86" 2.06" 2.07" 2.97" 3.35" 1.95" 1.45" 1.83" 2.93" 3.76" 3.09" U.S. Highway 2. All other park roads are closed to transportation of lawfully taken Average number 5 4 7 14 16 15 11 9 9 14 9 2 wildlife, unless specifically approved in writ­ of days with rain rain rain rain rain rain rain rain rain rain rain rain ing by a park ranger. precipitation Park rangers may inspect hunting licenses 16 11 8 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 11 17 and permits, weapons, and wildlife to en­ snow snow snow snow snow snow snow snow snow snow snow snow sure compliance with regulations. Average snowfall 35.4" 16.8" 14.8" 3.1" .3" 0" 0" 0" 0" 2.0" 24.7" 41.5" A free handout entitled Federal Regula­ tions Pertaining to Hunting and Weapons in Glacier National Park is available at Park B3222SSS129 033 ESEB E31QS] EB3 MEM ES3 ESS ESI EEQ EH3 Headquarters in West Glacier, the Hudson Bay District Office in St. Mary, and the Apgar Visitor Center. Lake McDonald

Your Fees Improve Glacier Managing public lands is a major financial investment. While most of that investment is from the general tax base, recreational users derive a greater benefit from, and place a greater burden on resources than the public at large. In 1996, Congress directed the U. S. Department ofthe Interior to implement the Recreation Fee Demonstration Program to help address park needs. Users of park areas now pay an increased share of costs. The Fee Demonstration Program allows a significant portion of fees collected in parks to be spent directly for that area. In Glacier, fees have helped to provide universal access to Oberlin Bend and Park Headquarters. This September, a new accessible trail in the Two Range of average high and low temperatures Extreme high & low Medicine Valley was constructed, partially with Fee Demonstration funds (see story on page 8), Additionally, new vault toilets along the Going-to-the-Sun Road, trail maintenance, way­ side exhibits throughout the park, wildlife monitoring, revegetation efforts, and campground improvements are all benefits of this program. The future of America's public lands rest with all Americans. The actions we take today Be Aware That reflect the price we are willing to pay to pass these lands, protected and in better health, on Regulations are designed to protect park to future generations. resources and preserve the quality of your visit. Regulations are strictly enforced. • Feeding or disturbing wildlife is against wsmSBsmm park regulations. • Removal of natural or cultural features like flowers, rocks, artifacts, or antlers is prohibited. • Loaded firearms are not allowed in Glacier. Unloaded firearms may be transported in a vehicle if the weapon is cased, broken down or rendered inoperable, and kept out of sight. • Open containers of alcohol in a motor View from Apgar Lookout vehicle are prohibited. Dawn Mist Falls, near Elizabeth Lake Glacier National Park West Glacier, MT 59936 Safety 406-888-7800

Glacier National Park Waterton Lakes National Park Emergency Numbers 406-888-7800 403-859-2636 [24 hours] If No Answer Dial 911 Water Hypothermia Rivers and Lakes Hypothermia, the "progressive physical Use extreme caution near water. Swift, collapse and reduced mental capacity re­ cold glacial streams and rivers, moss-cov­ sulting from the chilling of the inner core ered rocks, and slippery logs all present ofthe human body," can occur even at tem­ dangers. Children, photographers, boaters, peratures above freezing. Temperatures can rafters, swimmers, and fishermen have drop rapidly. Sudden mountain storms can fallen victim to these rapid, frigid streams change a warm and pleasant hike into a and deep glacial lakes. drenching, bitterly cold and life-threaten­ Avoid wading in or fording swift streams. ing experience. People in poor physical Never walk, play, or climb on slippery rocks shape or who are exhausted are particu­ and logs, especially around waterfalls. larly at risk. When boating, don't stand up or lean Prevention over the side, and always wear a lifejacket. • Prevent hypothermia by using water re­ sistant clothing before you become wet.- Drowning • Wear clothing that wicks moisture away. Sudden immersion in cold water (below • Minimize wind exposure and if your 80° F, 27° C) may trigger the "mammalian clothes become wet, replace them. diving reflex." This reflex restricts blood • Avoid sweating by dressing in layers, from outlying areas of the body and routes rather than in a single bulky garment. it to vital organs like the heart, lungs, and • Pack a sweater, warm hat, and raingear brain. The colder the water, the younger for any hike. Wildlife Hazards the victim, and the quicker the rescue, the Warning Signs Bears better the chance for survival. Some cold- • Uncontrolled shivering , slow or slurred Recommended safety precautions and procedures for bears are found on page 8. water drowning victims have survived with speech, memory lapses and incoherence, no brain damage after being submerged lack of coordination such as immobile Mountain Lions for over 30 minutes. or fumbling hands, stumbling, a lurch­ A glimpse of one of these magnificent cats would be a vacation highlight, but you need Revival Procedure: ing gait, drowsiness, and exhaustion. to take precautions to protect you and your children from an accidental encounter. Don't • Retrieve victim from water without en­ Immediate Treatment hike alone. Make noise to avoid surprising a lion and keep children close to you at all dangering yourself. • Seek shelter from weather and get the times. Ifyou do encounter a lion, do not run. Talk calmly, avert your gaze, stand tall, and • Prevent further body heat loss, but do not victim into dry clothes. back away. Unlike with bears, if attack seems imminent, act aggressively. Do not crouch rewarm. • Give warm non-alcoholic drinks. and do not turn away. Lions may be scared • Near-drowning victims may look dead. • Build a fire and keep victim awake. away by being struck with rocks or sticks, Don't let this stop you from trying to re­ • Strip victim and yourself, and get into or by being kicked or hit. vive them! If there is no pulse, start CPR sleeping bag making skin-to-skin con­ Lions are primarily nocturnal, but they regardless ofthe duration of submersion. tact. have attacked in broad daylight. They rarely Whether bears, mountain lions, • Delayed symptoms may occur within 24 • If victim is semi-conscious or worse, get prey on humans, but such behavior occa­ hours. Victims must be evaluated by a professional help immediately. sionally does occur. Children and small goats, sheep, deer, squirrels, physician. adults are particularly vulnerable. Report all mountain lion encounters immediately! marmots, or any other species, Giardia Giardiasis can be caused by a parasite {Gia­ Ticks all park wildlife can present a rdia lamblia) found in park lakes and Ticks are most active in spring and early streams. Persistent, severe diarrhea, ab­ summer. Most bites don't result in illness, very real and painful threat, dominal cramps, and nausea are the main but several serious diseases, like Rocky symptoms of this disease. If you experi­ Mountain Spotted Fever, can be transmit­ especially females with young. ence any symptoms, contact a physician. ted. Completely remove attached ticks and When hiking,* carry water from one of the disinfect the site. If rashes or lesions form Always enjoy wildlife from the park's treated water systems. If you plan to around the bite, or if unexplained symp­ camp in the backcountry, follow recom­ toms occur, consult a physician. safety of your car or from a safe mendations received with your permit. The easiest effective water treatments are ei­ Rodents and Hantavirus distance. Feeding, harassing, or ther to bring water to a boil or to cise an Deer mice and other rodents (including approved filter. ground squirrels) are possible carriers of molesting wildlife is strictly an acute respiratory disease. It affects the lungs and is caused by a virus of the prohibited and subject to fine. Watch Your Step ^TT^r Hantavirus family. The most likely source Mountainous Terrain of infection is from rodent urine and drop­ Many accidents occur when people fall after stepping off trails or roadsides, or by ventur­ pings inhaled as aerosols or dust. ing onto very steep slopes. Stay on designated trails and don't go beyond protective Avoid areas where rodents may congregate such as burrows or nests, old uncleaned fencing or guard rails. Supervise children closely in such areas. At upper elevations, trails cabins, or other rodent infested structures. Try to camp away from possible rodent bur­ should be followed carefully, noting directions given by trail signs and markers. rows or shelters (garbage dumps and woodpiles), and keep food in rodent-proof contain­ ers. To prevent the spread of dust in the air, spray affected areas with a disinfectant before Snow and Ice cleaning. Snowfields and glaciers present serious hazards. Snowbridges may conceal deep cre­ Initial symptoms are almost identical to the onset of flu. If you have potentially been vasses on glaciers or large hidden cavities under snowfields, and collapse under the exposed and exhibit flu-like symptoms, you should seek medical care immediately. weight of an unsuspecting hiker. Don't slide on snowbanks. People often lose control and slide into rocks or trees. Exercise caution around any snowfield in the parks. Medical Services If you are injured or suddenly become ill while visiting the parks, please contact a war­ den or ranger for information and assistance. To ensure adequate staffing on your arrival at a hospital, call before setting out.

Montana Hospitals • Glacier County Medical Center North Valley Hospital 892-2nd St. E., Cut Bank, MT Highway 93 South, Whitefish, MT 406-873-2251 406-862-2501 • Kalispell Regional Hospital Teton Medical Center 310 Sunny View Lane, Kalispell, MT 915 4NW, Choteau, MT 406-752-5111 406-466-5763

Alberta Hospitals • Cardston Municipal Hospital Pincher Creek Municipal Hospital Cardston, Alberta Pincher Creek, Alberta 403-653-4411 403-627-3333

-. !••-' AvT. * *.* «*;£*<,." •*« Glacier National Park fCJh West Glacier, MT 59936 \jffi/ Bears 406-888-7800 ^ Hiking in Bear Country Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park provides a wonderful opportunity to view ani­ mals in their natural setting. Along with this opportunity comes a special obligation for the visitor. With just a little planning and forethought, hikers can also help ensure the survival of a protected threatened species.

Don't Surprise Bears! Bears will usually move out of the way if they hear people approaching, so make noise. Most bells are not loud enough. Calling out or clapping hands loudly at regular intervals are better ways to make your presence known. Hiking quietly endangers you, the bear, and other hikers. When bears charge hikers, the trail may be temporarily closed for public safety. While the trail remains closed, other visitors miss the opportunity to enjoy it. A bear constantly surprised by people may become habituated to close human contact and less likely to avoid people. This sets up a dangerous situation for both visitors and bears. Part of the park's appeal is the presence of rare species such as the grizzly bear. Because of the Don't Make Assumptions! grizzly's low rate of reproduction and small numbers, the ecosystem can't afford to lose even one You can't predict when and where bears might be encountered along a trail. People often animal needlessly! assume they don't have to make noise while hiking on a well-used trail. Some ofthe most frequently used trails in the park are surrounded by excellent bear habitat. People have What Kind of Bear is That? been charged and injured by bears fleeing from silent hikers who unwittingly surprised Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park is home to both black and grizzly bears. Even for bears along the trail. Even if other hikers haven't seen bears along a trail section recently, experts, it is often difficult to distinguish between the species. The following clues will help to don't assume there are no bears present. tell the species apart: Don't assume a bear's hearing is any better than your own. Some trail conditions make Color it hard for bears to see, hear, or smell approaching hikers. Be particularly careful by Color is not a reliable indicator of species. Contrary to their name black bears also come in streams, against the wind, or in dense vegetation. A blind corner or a rise in the trail also brown, cinnamon and blond. Grizzlies range from blond to nearly black. Grizzlies some­ requires special attention. times have silver tipped guard hairs that give them a "grizzled" appearance. Keep children close by. Hike in groups and avoid hiking early in the morning, late in the Physical features day, or after dark. Grizzly bears often have a dished-in face and a large hump of heavy muscle above the shoulders. Their claws are around four inches (10 cm) long. Inform Yourself About Bears A black bear's facial profile is much straighter from tip of nose to ears, without the Park staff can help you identify signs of bear activity like tracks, torn-up logs, trampled dished in look (see photo above). Black bears lack the distinctive hump of a grizzly and vegetation, droppings, and overturned rocks. Bears spend a lot of time eating, so avoid have shorter claws, generally around one and a half inches (4 cm) long. hiking in obvious feeding areas like berry patches, cow parsnip thickets, or fields of glacier lilies. Roadside Bears Camping JL Bears Don't Approach Bears! It's exciting to see bears up close but we Odors attract bears. Our campground and Never intentionally get close to a bear. Individual bears have their own personal space must act responsibly to keep them wild and developed areas can remain "unattractive" requirements which vary depending on their mood. Each will react differently and their alive. Do not approach bears for pictures to bears if each visitor manages food and behavior can't be predicted. All bears are dangerous and should be respected equally. or entice them to come closer. Never feed trash properly. Regulations require that all bears! Bears that receive human food may edibles (including pet food), food contain­ have to be destroyed. ers (empty or not) , and cookware (clean A fed bear is a dead bear I Bears are intelligent and learn very If you see a bear from your car, stay in­ or not) be stored in a hard-sided vehicle side. Leaving your vehicle endangers your or food locker when not in use, day or quickly how to obtain human food once they have tasted it. safety and the bear's, and exposes you to night. traffic hazards. If traffic is heavy, keep your • Keep a clean camp! Improperly stored or Bears that obtain human food may have to be destroyed. eyes on the road and don't stop. Accept unattended food may result in confisca­ the fact that, while your passengers may tion of items and issuance of a Violation Leaving food, packs, or garbage unattended, even for a few get a quick look, you may not. If traffic is Notice. light, slow down and pull over when it is • Inspect campsites for bear sign and for minutes, sets up a potentially dangerous situation. safe to do so. Don't stop in the middle of careless campers nearby. Notify a ranger the road, or close to a hill or curve where or warden of potential problems. other drivers may not see you in time to • Place all trash in bearproof containers. If You Encounter a Bear? avoid a collision. Exercising some common • Pets, especially dogs, must be kept un­ A commonly asked question is "What do I language can help determine its mood. In gen­ sense during the excitement of sighting a der physical restraint. do if I run into a bear?" There is no easy eral, bears show agitation by swaying their bear is important to you, the bear and other • Report all bear sightings to the nearest answer. Like people, bears react differently heads, huffing, and clacking their teeth. Low­ visitors. ranger or warden immediately. to each situation. The best thing you can ered head and laid-back ears also indicate do is to make sure you have read all the aggression. Bears may stand on their hind legs suggestions for hiking and camping in bear or approach to get a better view, but these country and follow them. Avoid encoun­ actions are not necessarily signs of aggres­ ters by being alert and making noise. sion. The bear may not have identified you as Bears may appear tolerant of people and a person and is unable to smell or hear you then attack without warning. A bear's body from a distance.

Bear Attacks Almost 2 million people visit Waterton-Glacier yearly, and it seems that one or two bear attacks occur each year. The vast majority of these occur because people have surprised the bear. In this type of situation the bear may attack as a defensive maneuver.

If you surprise a bear, here are a few guidelines to follow that may help: • Talk quietly or not at all; the time to make loud noise is before you encounter a bear. Try to While most visitors never see a bear, all of the park is bear country. Whether you plan to hike the trails, detour around the bear if possible. drive the roads, or stay overnight in a campground or lodge, take the time to learn the special precautions • Do not run! Back away slowly, but stop if it seems to agitate the bear. bear country demands. Report all sighting of bears to a warden or ranger as soon as possible! • Assume a nonthreatening posture. Turn sideways, or bend at the knees to appear smaller. • Use peripheral vision. Bears appear to interpret direct eye contact as threatening. • Drop something (not food) to distract the bear. Keep your pack on for protection in case of Pepper Spray an attack. This aerosol pepper derivative triggers tem­ justifies its use. Pepper spray is intended to • If a bear attacks and you have pepper spray use it! porary incapacitating discomfort in bears. be sprayed into the face of an oncoming • If the bear makes contact, protect your chest and abdomen by fal I ing to the ground on your It is a non-toxic and non-lethal means of bear. It is not intended to act as a repellant. stomach, or assuming a fetal position to reduce the severity of an attack. Cover the back of deterring bears. Do not spray gear or around camp with pep­ your neck with your hands. Do not move until you are certain the bear has left. There have been cases where pepper per spray. Under no circumstances should spray apparently repelled aggressive 6r at­ pepper spray create a false sense of secu­ In rare cases bears may attack at night or after stalking people. tacking bears, and accounts where it has rity or serve as a substitute for standard This kind of attack is very rare but can be very serious because it often means the bear is not worked as well as expected. safety precautions in bear country. looking for food and preying on you. Factors influencing effectiveness include Be aware that you may not be able to • If you are attacked at night or if you feel you have been stalked and attacked as prey, try to distance, wind, rainy weather, temperature cross the U.S./Canada border with pepper escape. If you can not escape, or if the bear follows, use pepper spray, or shout and try to extremes, and product shelf life. spray; check before attempting. intimidate the bear with a branch or rock. Do whatever it takes to let the bear know you are If you decide to carry spray, use it only in not easy prey. situations where aggressive bear behavior Glacier National Park West Glacier, MT 59936 Wildlife 406-888-7800 Keeping the "Wild" in Wildlife Commercial Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park is a place like few remaining in the world. Photography Natural forces such as fires, floods, and In Glacier special regulations govern com­ avalanches continue to create many diverse mercial photography and filming. A com­ habitats, providing niches for a spectacu­ mercial photography permit is required if lar array of wildlife. Park visitors enjoy wild photography is for advertising a product animals in their natural environment. As a or service; uses models, sets, or props; cre­ visitor to their home, learn and respect the ates a potential disruption to visitors; may ways of wildlife. damage park resources. Obtain permits One of the greatest needs of animals in and further information on commercial the wild is undisturbed space. Although some photography by calling 406-888-7800. may spend part of their year close to road­ In Waterton Lakes National Park, com­ ways and developed areas where they are mercial photographers need to contact the easy to observe, enjoy them at a distance. animals may expend precious energy, leav­ tomed to obtaining food near roads. Every Superintendent's Office for information. While wild animals may appear to tol­ ing them in a weakened state or forced out cookie tossed out is another step in the erate humans, approaching at close range of shelter. habituation process. Habituated animals can cause them stress. They may be dis­ When enticed into close contact with often have to be removed or killed. turbed from their rest, forced away from humans, animals can easily become ha­ natural feeding areas, or have travel routes bituated to people. They lose their special How can you help? blocked by unaware or thoughtless hu­ wild and free quality, yet retain their dan­ Educate yourself. Check out special pam­ mans. A human presence can keep birds gerous ability to wound. Animals catch on phlets, exhibits, and roadside signs which away from their nests long enough for eggs quickly and begin unacceptable and dan­ explain the problem. Ask park staff; then or young to become fatally chilled. Birds gerous behavior. Each year people are in­ act! Stop approaching, enticing or feeding can lose their eggs or young to predators jured by the antlers, horns, teeth, hooves, wildlife in the parks. Let others know about attracted to a nest by human scent. and claws'of wild animals. the problem. Is the loss of that animal you Especially in winter and early spring, If you entice or feed an animal, you may just photographed worth the picture? Think animals often experience low energy re­ share responsibility for its death! Animals again and remember that laws regarding serves. To avoid the approach of humans, may be hit by cars after becoming accus­ feeding wildlife are strictly enforced.

Wolves Mountain Goats Bighorn Sheep Poaching in and Wolf identification is tricky. Wolves are usu­ The slopes around Logan Pass and, in ear­ Dramatic head-crashing clashes between ally gray, but can be white or black. Coy­ ly summer, the Goat Lick on Highway 2, rams highlight the mating season in No­ around national parks otes, which are much more frequently seen, offer good views of these shaggy beasts. vember and early December. Visitors to look very similar and are often mistaken for In Waterton, goats are occasionally seen Waterton are more likely to see sheep than wolves. Wolves are much larger. While coy­ in the Goat and Rowe Lakes areas. mountain goats. Good places to look are is at an all time high. otes weigh about 25 lbs (11 kg) and are up Look for large, very white animals, of­ the townsite or the Red Rock Canyon area. to 2 ft (.6 m) tall, adult wolves may weigh 90 ten with a ragged appearance from shed­ In Glacier, scan the slopes in the Many Gla­ In Glacier, ifyou lbs (41 kg) or more and stand up to 3 ft (1 m) ding their coats. Powerful shoulder mus­ cier Valley. Ewes and lambs group togeth­ in height. Wolves have a larger muzzle and cles allow climbing of nearly vertical er so they are usually easier to spot. shorter, rounder ears than coyotes. Their slopes and give goats a humped appear­ Although often confused with mountain observe suspicious long legs and deep narrow chest make for ance. They feed on grasses, sedges, moss­ goats, bighorns have tan coats and beige efficient long distance travel. Wolves have es, lichen, and even fir and pine needles. horns. Since the horns are never shed, big­ behavior, contact a been known to travel up to 20 miles (32 Both billies and nannies have rapier-sharp, horns can be aged by their horn size. Only km) or more per day. black horns. |$. mature rams have the huge, curving horns ranger or call It is more likely you will see a track or Males and females come together mainly that give the species its name. hear wolves in the distance, rather than sight­ during the November-December rutting Bighorns prefer grass and are often found ing the animals themselves. An adult wolf's season, but travel in separate bands the rest on moderately sloped meadows near cliffs. 406-888-7800. track is normally 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) of the year. A six-month gestation period Excellent climbing skills help them to wide and up to 5 ° inches (14 cm) long - results in one or two kids. evade predators. In Waterton, contact a about the size of an adult human hand print. The wolf's long and low pitched howl is a spine-tingling reminder ofthe wilderness. warden or call 403- We hope you have the opportunity to see these large carnivores while in this 859-2636. area. You can help in monitoring and re­ covery efforts by reporting all observations and signs to any park warden, ranger, or Try to get an accurate information station. With all reported sightings, please include track measure­ description of ments, sighting locations, date, and time. individuals or vehicles, Always photograph wildlife but don't approach with a telephoto lens (400mm or longer). Maintain a safe anyone engaged in distance for yourself and the suspected criminal animal at all times. activity. Bull Moose Glacier National Park West Glacier, MT 59936 Peace Park Partners 406-888-7800 Glacier National Park Partners Glacier Natural History The Glacier Institute Glacier National Park Associates The Glacier Fund Association Dedicated to the belief that education is The Associates is an all volunteer, nonprofit The Glacier Fund, managed by the National Bookstores in Glacier National Park visi­ the chief means of preserving respect for group that assists with trail work, historic Fark Foundation, accepts monetary gifts and tor centers are operated by the Glacier the past and shaping a vision for the fu­ log structure preservation, and other donations to help in the protection and sup­ Natural History Association (GNHA). This ture, The Glacier Institute presents semi­ projects in the park. Volunteers complete at port of Glacier National Park. This nonprofit nonprofit organization works with the Na­ nars, workshops, college-credit courses, least one major project yearly, involving organization assists in environmental educa­ tional Park Service to assist Glacier's edu­ school programs, and youth camps in Gla­ three to five days in the backcountry. tion, historic building restorarion, wildlife re­ cational and interpretive activities, cultural cier and the surrounding ecosystem. The Associates manage the Taggart search, and the Save the Chalets Campaign. preservation, and special projects related The National Park Foundation is the offi­ The Institute provides high quality, well- Shubert Memorial Fund. Interest from the to visitor services. A percentage of pro­ cial nonprofit partner of the National Park balanced educational experiences for chil­ fund supports preservation and manage­ ceeds from book sales are donated to the Service. Created by Congress in 1967, the dren and adults, emphasizing a hands-on, ment of Glacier's backcountry. park each year. GNHA has bookstores in foundation generates support from corpo­ field-oriented approach to learning. Each summer the associates fund a eight locations: Apgar, Logan Pass, and St. rations, foundations, and individuals to pro­ Summer Field Seminars provide adults backcountry ranger intern to help with Mary visitor centers; Polebridge, Two Medi­ tect and enhance America's national parks. and children over 10 with in-depth educa­ backcountry management. Contributions cine, Many Glacier and Goat Haunt ranger By giving to the National Park Foundation, tional experiences in fields as diverse as from backcountry users make up the "As­ stations; and the West Glacier Depot. you are assured that your gift will meet un­ grizzly bear ecology, wildflower identifi­ sociates Backcountry Preservation Fund", GNHA members receive a 15% discount funded needs and will support the parks cation, watercolor painting, photography, used to purchase supplies and materials on items purchased at any of their stores, you designate. Ask for a donation envelope and Blackfeet culture. For upcoming course ranging from bear-proof boxes to computer through their mail order business, and at at a visitor center. equipment. Donations are welcome. many other national park visitor centers. information check- the current edition of The Glacier Fund Catalogs and membership information are Nature with a Naturalist. Glacier National Park Associates, C/O National Park Foundation available at sales locations. Glacier Institute, P.O. Box 7457, Box 91, Kalispell, MT 59903 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 1102 GNHA, Box 428, West Glacier MT Kalispell, MT 59904 Phone 406-752-7757 Washington, DC 20077-6378 59936, Phone 406-888-5756 Phone 406-756-1211 http://www.nps.gov/glac/partners/ http://www.nationalparks.org/guide/ http://www.nps.gov/glac/gnha.htm http://www.digisys.net/glacinst gnpa.htm us_map.htm

Publications Available Through Glacier Natural History Association GLACIER: The Story Behind The Scenery HIKER'S GUIDETO GLACIER $7.95 NATIONAL PARK HIKING GLACIER AND WATERTON LAKES MAN IN GLACIER Kathleen Ahlenslager $10.95 NATIONAL PARKS $12.95 The awesome beauty of Glacier Natural History Association $12.95 C. W. Buchholtz ^ff^*M!W!!

C Rooseville Customs is west of the park on Highway 93, north of Whitefish, MT

Park Location

Map Legend 19 H ^"— Paved Roads •• Campground WV Nature Trail

= Unpaved Roads r^y Food Service 09 Picnic Area Distances from West Glacier via Highway 2 ~~D Rivers and Lakes •RPJ Horseback CTQ Ranger Station/ Kalispell - 31 mi./50km Ull Warden Office LftJ Rides St. Mary - 90 mi./144km •• Boat Cruise/ M Lod8ing EJ Visitor Center/ GSl Boat Rental WwM Information Centre Many Glacier -111 mi./178km Waterton -137 mi./219km Wl Boat Launch ^ Distance Ol Wheelchair GSf Ramp Marker WVS Accessible Facilities Printed on Recycled Paper using soy based inks

Border Crossing Accessibility Glacier's Newest Travelers should have identification and A listing of facilities and programs acces­ proof of age for all passengers in the ve­ sible to visitors with special needs is avail­ Nature Trail hicle. A birth certificate may be needed able at visitor centers and entrance stations. The Running Eagle Falls Nature Trail, in the for children. Citizens of countries other The Apgar and St. Mary Visitor Centers, Two Medicine Valley, was officially dedi­ than the United States or Canada may need the Trail ofthe Cedars, Running Eagle Falls cated and opened on September 3, 1999. a passport or visa. Nature Trail, the International Peace Park Pa­ Running Eagle Falls is of great cultural sig­ Special restrictions exist on crossing the vilion, the Linnet Lake Trail near Waterton nificance to the Blackfeet Nation. Running border with pets, firearms, defensive townsite, theWatertonTownsite trail, and the Eagle, the female Blackfeet warrior for whom sprays, alcohol, firewood, and purchases. Cameron Lake Day Use area are all acces­ the trail is named, was the only female tribal For specific requirements on crossing the sible by wheelchair. member to have gone on a four-day fast to border from the United States into Canada suffer, dream, pray, and find her medicine. call 800-320-0063. For information on High above the falls, her vision was ob­ crossing from Canada into the United States tained. A trail guide, written in both English call 206-553-4676. and Blackfeet,tells th e story of Running€agle There are three border crossing stations Road Conditions and helps visitors identify plants, with na­ immediately adjacent to the park. With the coming of Fall, comes changing tive uses, along the trail. Rooseville open 24 hours weather and road conditions. For updated The pre-existing Running Eagle Falls trail Piegan/Carway 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. road reports, call ahead to: was widened to 6 feet and surfaced with a Chief Mountain For Glacier 406-888-7800 non-petroleum mulsion/gravel mix to allow 9/16 to 9/30 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. For Waterton Lakes 403-859-2224 for wheelchair use. Approximately 90 feet After Labor Day weekend it is recom­ was also cleared and surfaced to connect mended you confirm hours by calling: For conditions around the state of Montana to the pre-existing trail and form a loop trail. 403-653-3535 call 1-800-226-ROAD or 406-444-6339. Short spur trails were constructed to allow better viewing of Running Eagle Falls and Running Eagle Falls the Two Medicine River.