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Mundinga Kenias BINDURA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE ECUCATION FACULTY OF SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT AN ASSESSMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION STRATEGIES IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN ZVIMBA DISTRICT, WARD 7 BY MUNDINGA KENIAS B1335877 DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO BINDURA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE HONOURS DEGREE IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES APRIL 2017 1 APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read and understood this dissertation and have approved its submission to the department for marking confirming that it conforms to the departmental requirements. Supervisor ….................................... Date ………………………... i DECLARATION FORM I Mundinga Kenias declare that this research project is my own work and has not been copied or lifted from any source without acknowledgement of the source. Signature ………………………. Date ………………………... ii DEDICATION I dedicate this research project to my mother Ms. P Manyange. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Lord Almighty, your guidance has continued to give me strength and wisdom exceedingly and abundantly. With you, I know I have my feet on higher ground. Further acknowledgements go to the late Dr. I Mberengwa who has been my project supervisor until he passed away before the completion of this research project. I also sincerely appreciate the guidance I received from Dr. A Manyani who took over as my project supervisor from where Dr. I Mberengwa left and devoted his time to my attention whenever I needed it. The completion of this research project is testimony of the support of a number of individuals and organisations. I would like to thank the people of Ward 7 Zvimba District, especially Mr J. Safari the councillor of the Ward, AGRITEX Officers and the village heads for their support for their support. To my mother Ms. P Manyange, my grandmother, my aunt and my uncles who labored tirelessly to gather resources together for my education despite the economic constraints and other responsibilities they have, I salute you. iv LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Questionnaire Respondents……………………………………………………………27 Table 4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents………………………………………...33 Table 4.2 Number of beneficiaries and quantities received under the Government Input Scheme for vulnerable households in Ward 7, Zvimba District…………………………………………..43 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Map of Study Area……………………………………………………………………6 Figure 4.1 Household sizes of the respondents…………………………………………………..36 Figure 4.2 Respondents perceptions on the contribution of government intervention strategies in household food security in Ward 7, Zvimba District…………………………………………….48 vi LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX I: Household Questionnaire……………………………………………………….59 APPENDIX II: Interview Guide………………………………………………………………..62 APPENDIX III: Observation Guide…………………………………………………………….63 APPENDIX IV: Focus Group Discussion Guide………………………………………………..64 vii ACRONOMYS AGRITEX Agriculture and Extension DSS Department of Social Services FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FGDs Focus Group Discussions HIV Human Immune-deficiency Virus LEDCs Less Economically Developed Countries MPSLSW Ministry of Public Service Labour and Social Welfare NGO Non-Governmental Organisation WFP World Food Programme ZRDC Zvimba Rural District Council ZIMSTAT Zimbabwe National Statistical Agency ZIMVAC Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee ZIMASSET Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents APPROVAL FORM ...................................................................................................................... i DECLARATION FORM ............................................................................................................. ii DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................ vii ACRONOMY ............................................................................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background of study ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Objectives of the study ........................................................................................................ 4 1.4.1 Specific objectives ......................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Research questions .............................................................................................................. 4 1.6 Significance of the study ..................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Description of the Study Area ............................................................................................ 5 1.8 Organisation of the study ................................................................................................... 6 1.9 Definition of terms ............................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 8 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Food security ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.3 Global overview of food security...................................................................................... 10 ix 2.4 Regional overview of food security .................................................................................. 11 2.5 Local overview of food security........................................................................................ 12 2.6 GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION STRATEGIES IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY .............................................................................................................................. 13 2.6.1 Zimbabwe Agricultural Policy Framework (ZAPF) 1995-2020............................. 13 2.7 Agricultural Schemes adopted by the Government of Zimbabwe to boost food production ................................................................................................................................ 15 2.7.1 GMB Input Credit Facility ........................................................................................ 15 2.7.2 Operation Maguta ...................................................................................................... 16 2.7.3 Agricultural Mechanization Programme ................................................................. 16 2.7.4 Government input scheme for vulnerable households ............................................ 17 2.7.5 Command Agriculture ............................................................................................... 18 2.8 Food aid .............................................................................................................................. 20 2.9 Challenges emanating from relying on government assistance as a food security measure .................................................................................................................................... 21 2.9.1 Dependency ................................................................................................................. 21 2.9.2 Political interference ................................................................................................... 22 2.9.3 Corruption ................................................................................................................... 22 2.9.4 Generation of Conflicts .............................................................................................. 23 2.9.5 Inadequacy of the government assistances ............................................................... 24 2.10 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGIES ............................ 24 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Research Design................................................................................................................. 25 3.3 Target population
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