DOCSLIB.ORG

From Planning to Partition: Great Britain’S Policy Towards the Future of Kurdistan, 1915-1923

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From Planning to Partition: Great Britain’S Policy Towards the Future of Kurdistan, 1915-1923 i From Planning to Partition: Great Britain’s Policy Towards The Future of Kurdistan, 1915-1923 ii Kurdistan Regional Government- Iraq Ministry of Education and Youth General Directorate of Information, Printing and Publishing ZHEEN ESTABLISHMENT FOR REVITALIZATOIN OF KURDISH DOCUMETARY AND JOURNALISTIC HERITAGE In the year 2004, Sulemanyah city has seen the establishment of the Zheen Establishment. This centre is specified in collecting, maintaining and republishing old Kurdish newspapers and magazines, Kurdish documents and foreign documents that are particular about the Kurdish nation and their homeland. The centre looks after manuscripts and books written by Kurdish authors in the past time. It also works hard to recollect scattered products of famous Kurdish writers, the memories of foreign experts and the references that take on the Kurdish history, demography and culture. The centre also pays similar attention to the documents that concern the neighbouring countries because of the common history and mutual interests. Besides, the centre has established a library and an index system of its huge collection to facilitate the works of the scholars and researchers. The centre occupies a four storey building of over one thousand square meters. By the end of the 2011, 142 books of which forty of them are in Arabic, four in Persian and the rest is in Kurdish. Three issues of Zheen magazine have also been published, beside the Kurdish language Arabic and Persian has used. It has also three centres for manuscripts, documents and antiquities. A special hall is specified for old photography for celebrities. A great number of documents, photos, manuscripts, magazines, newspapers and books have collected and digitalized. This centre is not dealing with trades whatsoever. Iraq- Kurdistan Region, Sulemanyah. Str. 11 Piramagron, Dis. 11 Baranan, Beside Shaikh Fareed Mosque. Tel. No: 0096533194731-31. Mob. : 00967701565864 or 00967701484633. P. O.: 14. www.binkeyjin.com [email protected] iii Dr. Saad B. Eskander From Planning to Partition: Great Britain’s Policy Towards the Future of Kurdistan, 1915-1923 iv First Published in 2007 by Zheen Establishment in Arabic. Serial no.: 146 Title: From Planning to Partition, Great Britain’s Policy towards the Future of Kurdistan, 1915-1923 Author: Dr. Saad B. Eskander Designer: Las ID no.: 250, 2012 from the General Directorate of Public Libraries Print house: v Content Introduction 1 Chapter One From British Wartime Partition Schemes To The British Occupation Of Southern Kurdistan 15 - Historical Background: The Position Of Kurdistan In Britain’s Ottoman And Persian Policies Before The First World War 16 - The Position Of Kurdistan In Britain’s Imperial Schemes: From The 1915 Bunsen Committee To The 1916 Sykes-Picot (Tripartite) Agreement 24 - The British Occupation Of Southern Kurdistan, 1917-1918 33 - Conclusion 41 Chapter Two British Policy In Southern Kurdistan: October 1918 - August 1920 47 -Indirect British Control And The Establishment Of An Autonomous Kurdish State In Southern Kurdistan: Circumstances And Objectives 47 - The End Of The Autonomous Kurdish State: Circumstance And Objectives 52 -The Imposition Of Direct British Rule And Its Impact On The Political Situation In Southern Kurdistan 58 - London’s Attitudes Towards The Affairs Of Southern Kurdistan 61 -The Consequences Of The Imposition Of Direct British Rule In Southern Kurdistan For The Kurdish Question 65 - Conclusion 67 Chapter Three The Attitudes Of ritish Officials On The Ground Towards The Kurdish Question Between 1918 And 1920: Effects And Reactions 73 - Colonel Wilson’s Attitudes Towards The Kurdish Question Between 1918 and 1920 73 - Major Noel’s Approach To The Kurdish Question, 1918-1920 79 - The Reactions Of British Authorities In The Middle East To The Views Of Wilson And Noel On Kurdistan’s Future 87 - Conclusion 90 Chapter Four Regional Dimensions Of Britain’s Kurdish Policy, 1918-1920 95 - Kurdish Nationalists, Britain And The Turkish Peace Settlement, 1919- 1920 - The Development Of Britain’s Kurdish Policy In Light Of The Political 95 Aspirations Of The Armenians And Other Christians, 1918-1920 101 vi - The Sharifian-Mesopotamian Factor And The British Policy Towards Southern Kurdistan, 1918-1920 111 - Conclusion 117 Chapter Five British Policy Towards Kurdistan At The San Remo Peace Conf-erence: The Terms Of The Sèvres Treaty (August 1920) 123 - Kurdistan’s Geopolitical And Economic Value And The Limits Of Britain’s Direct And Indirect Interest 123 - The Crystallisation Of British Objectives in Kurdistan 126 - The Implications Of The Sèvres Terms In Light Of British Motives 130 - French Imperial Interests And Britain’s Kurdish Policy 133 - Persian Territorial Ambitions And Britain’s Kurdish Policy 137 - Conclusion 140 Chapter Six Southern Kurdistan Under Britain’s Mesopotamian Mandate: From Separation To Incorporation, Autumn 1920- Autumn 1923 145 - The Emergence Of Two British Policy Alternatives At The 1921 Cairo Conference: Separate Entities Versus Unitary State 146 - Cox’s Kurdish Policy In The Wake of The Cairo Conference 148 - Churchill’s Approach To The Question Of Southern Kurdistan’s Futu 151 - The Establishment Of The Second Kurdish Government In Autumn 1922: Circumstances And Objectives 154 - Cox And The Formation Of The Second Kurdish Government 157 -The Reversal Of The British Policy From Separation To Incorporation 160 - Conclusion 164 Chapter Seven The Formation Of The Arab State In Mesopotamia And Its Effects On Britain’s Post-Sèvres Policy Towards Southern Kurdistan 169 - Arab Territorial Ambitions Versus Kurdish Nationalist Aspirations 169 - The Establishment Of The Iraqi State And Its Political Implications For The Future of Southern Kurdistan 174 - The Incorporation Of Southern Kurdistan Into The Newly Established Iraqi State: Oil-Economic Considerations 180 - The Incorporation Of Southern Kurdistan Into The Newly Established Iraqi State: Strategic Considerations 183 - Conclusion 187 Chapter Eight British Kurdish Policy: Post-Sèvres & The Lausanne Conference 193 - Kurdish Nationalists, Britain And The Kurdish Situation Immediately After Sèvres 193 - Defensive Versus Offensive Approach To Northern Kurdistan: Britain And The Containment Of The Kemalist Threat 198 - International And Regional Considerations Influencing British Attitudes vii Towards The Kurdish Question, 1921-1923 205 - Conclusion 212 Concluding Remarks 219 Bibliography 255 Maps Introduction 10 1- The Administrative Division Of Ottoman & Qajar Kurdistan. Chapter One 23 2- Baghdad Railway Line. 26 3- Bunsen Committee: First Scheme Of Annexation In Ottoman Kurdistan. 4- Bunsen Committee: Second Scheme Of Annexation In Ottoman 27 Kurdistan. 28 5- Bunsen Committee: Zones Of Interest In Ottoman Kurdistan. 29 6- Bunsen Committee: Devolutionary Scheme For The Ottoman Empire. 30 7- Sharif Hussein Territorial Claims In Ottoman Kurdistan, 1915-1916. 8- Partition Of Ottoman Kurdistan Among The Allies According To The 32 Sykes-Picot (Tripartite) Agreement Of 1916. Chapter Two 48 9- The Advance Of British Forces In Southern Kurdistan During The War. 50 10- The Autonomous Kurdish State. Chapter Three 79 11- Noel’s Map Of Ottoman And Qajar Kurdistan, 1919. 85 12- Noel’s Scheme For The Future Of The Six Non-Turkish Wilayets, 1919. Chapter Four 97 13- Kurdish Nationalists’ Definition Of Kurdistan’s Frontiers in 1919. 14- Armenians’ Claims To Kurdish Areas According To Their Proposed 102 Map Of Armenia At The Paris Peace Conference In 1919. 15- Assyrians’ Claimed National Homeland In Kurdistan After The First 104 World War. 16- Kurdish Areas Included In The British Proposed Boundaries Of Armenia 105 In 1919. 17- Kurdish Areas Included In The American Proposed Boundaries Of 105 Armenia In 1919. Chapter Five 18- The Partition Of Ottoman Kurdistan Under The Terms Of The 1920 132 Sèvres Treaty. viii A Note On Transliteration With as much consistency as possible, I have used the system of transliteration adopted by the International Journal of Middle East Studies for Arabic and Persian. The only exceptions are those words which have become standard, such is ‘Sheikh’ and ‘Hussein’. The plural of Arabic words has been marked by an additional ‘s’ to the singular. Glossary Of Political & Administrative Terms Eastern Kurdistan Iran’s Kurdistan Northern Kurdistan Turkey’s Kurdistan Southern Kurdistan Iraq’s Kurdistan Western Kurdistan Syria’s Kurdistan Amir: Prince (An Arab Term) Hakim-i-Shar’ In charge Of Qadha (A Kurdish Term) Hukmdar: Governor (A Kurdish Term) Levies: Troops Of Assyrian Soldiers Led By British Officers (Later Included Arabs And Kurds) Liwa: Largest Unit Of Local Administration In Iraq (Division) Mir: Prince (A Kurdish term) Mudirliq: Sub-district Mudir: Administrator Of A Mudirliq (Nahiah) Mutassarif: Administrator Of A Liwa Nahiya: Smallest Unit In Local Administration In Iraq (Mudirliq=Sub-district) Qada: An Administrative Unit Between A Nahiyah And A Liwa (District) Qaimmaqam: Administrator Of A Qada Senjaq: Largest Administrative Unit within A Wilayet (Liwa) Wilayet: Main Administrative Unit In The Ottoman Empire (Province) Wali: Administrator Of A Wilayet Guide To Abbreviations In Citations CAB Cabinet Records, Public Record Office, (PRO) Kew Capt. Captain CO Colonial Office Records, PRO ix Col. Colonel DBFP Documents On British Foreign Policy Egy.Ex.Force Egypt Expeditionary Force FO Foreign Office Records, PRO GHQ General Headquarters GOC General Officer Commanding HMSO His Majesty’s Stationery Office IDCM Interdepartmental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Kurds; History and Culture
    Western Kurdistan Association publications Jemal Nebez The Kurds; History and Culture Jemal Nebez THE KURDS History and Kulture Presentation held in German on the 19th September 1997 in the Kurdish Community- House in Berlin, Germany First published in German in 1997 by: The Kurdish Community House in Berlin, Germany First publication in English, including a Bio-Bibliography of Jemal Nebez, by: WKA Publications - London 2004 Translated into English by: Hanne Kuchler Preface by: Dr. Hasan Mohamed Ali Director of the Board of the Kurdish Community House in Berlin, Germany 1 Jemal Nebez The Kurds; History and Culture 2 Jemal Nebez The Kurds; History and Culture PREFACE On the occasion of the inauguration of the Kurdish community-house in Berlin, Germany in September 1997, the well-known Kurdologist Dr. Jemal Nebez held a warmly received speech under the title: The Kurds – their history and culture. This speech was not only of great importance because of its contents and coverage, but also because it was based on precise data and historic scientific evidence. In his speech Dr. Nebez covered various subjects, e.g. pre- Christian ancient history and the mythology of the Kurds, the cultural height and depth of the Kurdish people in the shadow of the numerous expeditions by alien peoples through Kurdistan, the astounding variety of religions in Kurdistan, with special stress on syncretism as the most striking feature of the Kurdish religious culture, delineating syncretism as inherently different from mixed religions. As an analytically thinking scientist (physicist) the speaker did not get stuck in the past, nor was his speech 3 Jemal Nebez The Kurds; History and Culture an archaeological presentation, but an Archigenesis, which in fluent transition reaches from past epochs to the present situation of the Kurdish people.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdish Institute of Paris Bulletin N° 414 September 2019
    INSTITUT KURDDE PARIS E Information and liaison bulletin N° 414 SEPTEMBER 2019 The publication of this Bulletin enjoys a subsidy from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Ministry of Culture This bulletin is issued in French and English Price per issue : France: 6 € — Abroad : 7,5 € Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France : 60 € — Elsewhere : 75 € Monthly review Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tel. : 01-48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01-48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: bulletin@fikp.org Information and liaison bulletin Kurdish Institute of Paris Bulletin N° 414 September 2019 • TURKEY: DESPITE SOME ACQUITTALS, STILL MASS CONVICTIONS.... • TURKEY: MANY DEMONSTRATIONS AFTER FURTHER DISMISSALS OF HDP MAYORS • ROJAVA: TURKEY CONTINUES ITS THREATS • IRAQ: A CONSTITUTION FOR THE KURDISTAN REGION? • IRAN: HIGHLY CONTESTED, THE REGIME IS AGAIN STEPPING UP ITS REPRESSION TURKEY: DESPITE SOME ACQUITTALS, STILL MASS CONVICTIONS.... he Turkish govern- economist. The vice-president of ten points lower than the previ- ment is increasingly the CHP, Aykut Erdoğdu, ous year, with the disagreement embarrassed by the recalled that the Istanbul rate rising from 38 to 48%. On economic situation. Chamber of Commerce had esti- 16, TurkStat published unem- T The TurkStat Statistical mated annual inflation at ployment figures for June: 13%, Institute reported on 2 22.55%. The figure of the trade up 2.8%, or 4,253,000 unem- September that production in the union Türk-İş is almost identical. ployed. For young people aged previous quarter fell by 1.5% HDP MP Garo Paylan ironically 15 to 24, it is 24.8%, an increase compared to the same period in said: “Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Istanbul Technical University Graduate School of Arts
    ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES TRANSFORMATIONS OF KURDISH MUSIC IN SYRIA: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS M.A. THESIS Hussain HAJJ Department of Musicology and Music Theory Musicology M.A. Programme JUNE 2018 ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES TRANSFORMATIONS OF KURDISH MUSIC IN SYRIA: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS M.A. THESIS Hussain HAJJ (404141007) Department of Musicology and Music Theory Musicology Programme Thesis Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. F. Belma KURTİŞOĞLU JUNE 2018 İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ SURİYE’DE KÜRT MÜZİĞİNİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: SOSYAL VE POLİTİK ETKENLER YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Hussain HAJJ (404141007) Müzikoloji ve Müzik Teorisi Anabilim Dalı Müzikoloji Yüksek Lisans Programı Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. F. Belma KURTİŞOĞLU HAZİRAN 2018 Date of Submission : 7 May 2018 Date of Defense : 4 June 2018 v vi To the memory of my father, to my dear mother and Neslihan Güngör; thanks for always being there for me. vii viii FOREWORD When I started studying Musicology, a musician friend from Syrian Kurds told me that I am leaving my seat as an active musician and starting a life of academic researches, and that he will make music and I will research the music he makes. It was really an interesting statement to me; it made me think of two things, the first one is the intention behind this statement, while the second was the attitude of Kurds, especially Kurd musicians, towards researchers and researching. As for the first thing, I felt that there was a problem, maybe a social or psychological, of the Kurdish people in general, and the musicians in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Statement Washington, Dc 20530 Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, As Amended
    Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 07/12/2020 12:49:36 PM OMB No. 1124-0002; Expires June 30, 2023 U.S. Department of Justice Supplemental Statement Washington, dc 20530 Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended For 6 Month Period Ending 06-30-2020 (Insert date) I - REGISTRANT 1. (a) Name of Registrant (b) Registration Number Kurdistan Regional Government - Liaison Office 5783 (c) Primary Business Address 1532 16th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-1402 2. Has there been a change in the information previously furnished m connection with the following? (a) If an individual: (1) Residence address(es) Yes □ No □ (2) Citizenship Yes □ No □ (3) Occupation Yes □ No □ (b) If an organization: (1) Name Yes □ No E\ (2) Ownership or control Yes □ No m (3) Branch offices Yes □ No 0 (c) Explain fully all changes, if any, indicated in Items (a) and (b) above. IF THE REGISTRANT IS AN INDIVIDUAL, OMIT RESPONSES TO ITEMS 3, 4, 5, AND 6. 3. If the registrant previously filed an Exhibit C*1, state whether any changes therein have occurred during this 6 month reporting period. Yes □ No □ If yes, has the registrant filed an updated Exhibit C? Yes □ No 0 If no, please file the updated Exhibit C. 1 The Exhibit C, for which no printed form is provided, consists of a true copy of the charter, articles of incorporation, association, and by laws of a registrant tliat is an organization. (A waiver of the requirement to file an Exhibit C may be obtained for good cause upon written application to the Assistant Attorney General, National Security Division, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas De Waal the Caucasus
    THE CAUCASUS This page intentionally left blank THE CAUCASUS AN INTRODUCTION Thomas de Waal 1 2010 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data de Waal, Thomas. The Caucasus : an introduction / Thomas de Waal. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-539976-9; 978-0-19-539977-6 (pbk.) 1. Caucasus Region—Politics and government. 2. Caucasus Region—History. 3. Caucasus Region—Relations—Russia. 4. Russia—Relations—Caucasus Region. 5. Caucasus Region—Relations—Soviet Union. 6. Soviet Union—Relations—Caucasus Region. I. Title. DK509.D33 2010 947.5—dc22 2009052376 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Zoe This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkish Minister Plays Down Syria Link To
    INSTITUT KURD E DE PARIS Information and liaison bulletin N°329 august 2012 The publication of this Bulletin enjoys a subsidy from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGCID) aqnd the Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (The Fund for action and support of integration and the struggle against discrimination) This bulletin is issued in French and English Price per issue : France: 6 € — Abroad : 7,5 € Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France : 60 € — Elsewhere : 75 € Monthly review Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 15 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tel. : 01-48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01-48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: bulletin@fikp.org Information and liaison bulletin Kurdish Institute of Paris Bulletin N° 329 August 2012 • IRAQI KURDISTAN: THE ATTRACTION OF KURDISH OIL AND IRBIL’S ULTIMATUM • SYRIA: THE FUTURE OF THE KURDISH REGIONS IS STILL UNDER DISCUSSION AT IRBIL. • IRAQ: AN UNEXPECTED VISIT OF THE TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTER PROVOKES BAGHDAD’S ANGER • CULTURE: FROM KHORASSAN TO JERUSALEM — THE VITALITY OF KURDISH SONGS. IRAQI KURDISTAN: THE ATTRACTION OF KURDISH OIL AND IRBIL’S ULTIMATUM t the beginning of pation in the Halfaya contract ” that with Hawlêr Energy is has August, Iraqi Kurdistan it has been operating with acquired a 21% participation in agreed to resume its oil PetroChina and Petronas since the Bina Bawi block, near Taq Taq A exports to Baghdad 2012 with an 18.75% Stake. The — in addition to the 23% it (frozen since April) as a French company refused to make already had.
    [Show full text]
  • A Corpus of the Sorani Kurdish Folkloric Lyrics
    Proceedings of the 1st Joint SLTU and CCURL Workshop (SLTU-CCURL 2020), pages 330–335 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2020), Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC A Corpus of the Sorani Kurdish Folkloric Lyrics Sina Ahmadi1, Hossein Hassani2, Kamaladdin Abedi3 1Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland Galway - Ireland 2University of Kurdistan Hewler,ˆ Kurdistan Region - Iraq 3Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Kurdish poetry and prose narratives were historically transmitted orally and less in a written form. Being an essential medium of oral narration and literature, Kurdish lyrics have had a unique attribute in becoming a vital resource for different types of studies, including Digital Humanities, Computational Folkloristics and Computational Linguistics. As an initial study of its kind for the Kurdish language, this paper presents our efforts in transcribing and collecting Kurdish folk lyrics as a corpus that covers various Kurdish musical genres, in particular Beyt, Goranˆı, Bend, and Heyran. We believe that this corpus contributes to Kurdish language processing in several ways, such as compensation for the lack of a long history of written text by incorporating oral literature, presenting an unexplored realm in Kurdish language processing, and assisting the initiation of Kurdish computational folkloristics. Our corpus contains 49,582 tokens in the Sorani dialect of Kurdish. The corpus is publicly available in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) format for non-commercial use under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license at https://github.com/KurdishBLARK/KurdishLyricsCorpus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Kurdish Music Recordings in Turkey
    Hellenic Journal of Music Education, and Culture A brief history of Kurdish music Copyright © 2013 recordings in Turkey Vol. 4 | Article 2 ISSN 1792-2518 www.hejmec.eu ROBERT F. REIGLE Centre for Advanced Studies in Music, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey [email protected] | This article delineates the complex history of Kurdish music recordings in Turkey by dividing it into seven periods. The first period begins with the very first recording of Kurdish music, in 1902. Political events demarcate the remaining periods, embracing the founding of the Turkish Republic, three military coups, the initial legalization of Kurdish language use and further easing of restrictions on broadcasting. The recordings discussed here include those recorded in, manufactured in, or imported to Turkey, both legally and illegally. In addition to the legal environment, the evolution of sound recording and distribution technology also shaped access to and use of Kurdish musics. It is hoped that further research be undertaken urgently, before the remaining sound recordings of the 20th century disappear, and the people who understand their history leave us. Keywords: Dengbêj, Kurdish music, sound recordings, Turkey The purpose of this article is to delineate periods in the complex history of Kurdish music recordings in Turkey. As in every society, the forms of mediation – the types of commodification – shaped the distribution, use, and impact of music, one of society‘s most powerful forces. For Kurdish- language speakers in Turkey, however, language restrictions led to an extraordinary gap in the recording of everyday music practice. This article should also call attention to important lacunae in the literature, including a rigorous discography, and documentation of performers and performance practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Nation, Bordering and Identity on the Border Between Turkey and Iraq
    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Data: Author (Year) Title. URI [dataset] UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF SOCIAL, HUMAN AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES Geography and Environment NATION, BORDERING AND IDENTITY ON THE BORDER BETWEEN TURKEY AND IRAQ by Bilal GORENTAS Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy SEPTEMBER 2016 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF SOCIAL, HUMAN AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES Geography and Environment Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy NATION, BORDERING AND IDENTITY ON THE BORDER BETWEEN TURKEY AND IRAQ BILAL GORENTAS This thesis explores the impact of the border between Turkey and Iraq on Kurdish identity. Since the demarcation of the border in 1926, both Turkey and Iraq have struggled to accommodate their Kurdish citizens into their common national communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdistan, the Invisible State, and Its Participatory Processes
    Department of political science Chair in Political Sociology Academic Year 2019/2020 Kurdistan, the invisible state, and its participatory processes. RAPPORTEUR CANDIDATE M. Sorice Marta De Paolis IDENTIFICATION NUMBER 085632 Abstract This study will give an account of how Kurdistan developed in the participatory processes and how it uses political participation to give space to the general population. Political parties have a pivotal role in Kurdistan to organize people’s claims and demands, and there is a possible “partitocrazia,” created through inoperative institutions and especially from representative chambers. It also examines the relationship between approaches of public participation and effective deliberation; participation could occur through direct citizens participation or community representation with the help of civil society organizations, it is significant to pursue government institution to bring in more inputs and take public concern into considerations. No countries recognize Kurdistan as an official country, and it does not have representation in the United Nations and other international organizations. The expression is used to refer to the geographical and cultural regions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. The only identified government is in Iraqi Kurdistan, and his institutional form is the Parliamentary one. A long time ago, the Kingdom of Kurdistan existed, precisely in Iraq from 1922 to 1924, but a war broke out because of the Nationalist ambitions in Iraq in the 60s. Kurdistan area is amidst traditional and dynamic territories, with a vast number of social-human capital, as to improvement pointers. The properties of these social orders in an issue; for example, races are with the end goal that decisions are a chance and a route for them to rehearse political-social.
    [Show full text]
  • CIS Newsletter 15.2
    CENTER FOR IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 15, No. 2 SIPA-Columbia University-New York Fall 2003 ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA SHIRIN EBADI WINNER OF Fascicles 1 and 2 of Volume XII Published; Fascicle 3 in Press 2003 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE The first and second fascicles way in which Hedayat’s satire per- of Volume XII of the Encyclopædia meates many of his short stories. Iranica were published in the Sum- Hillmann reviews plots and themes mer and Fall of 2003. They fea- of Hedayat’s fiction, some fifty or ture over 120 articles on various as- more works written from the mid- pects of Iranian culture and history, in- 1920s through the mid-1940s, and cites cluding four series of articles on spe- features of Hedayat’s distinctive ways cific subjects: four entries on Sadeq of narration which advanced the capa- Hedayat, four entries on Hazara groups bilities of the language in Persian lit- in Afghanistan, four entries on Helmand erature and served as an indigenous River, and eight entries on Herat. model for later Iranian short story writ- ers and novelists. Shirin Ebadi, lawyer and human SADEQ HEDAYAT rights activist who contributed the en- AND PERSIAN LITERATURE Persian literature is also treated in try CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN IRAN to the the following eight articles: HASAN Encyclopædia Iranica and whose book Four articles discuss the life and GHAZNAVI, poet at the court of History and Documentation of Human work of Sadeq Hedayat, the foremost Bahramshah Ghaznavi, by J. S. Rights in Iran was published by the modern Persian fiction writer who had Meisami; HATEF ESFAHANI, influential Center for Iranian Studies in 2000, was a vast influence on subsequent genera- poet of 18th century, by the late Z.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48'L06 USA St
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You willa find good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the mBteriaj being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at thu upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]