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(D)Blood Groups of Thechokri, Chakhesang Naga of Nagaland

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(D)Blood Groups of Thechokri, Chakhesang Naga of Nagaland [VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 Phenotypic and Allelic Distribution of the ABO and Rhesus (D)Blood Groups of theChokri, Chakhesang Naga of Nagaland Tsiapisa Pojar Department of Anthropology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya Received: May 14, 2018 Accepted: June 29, 2018 ABSTRACT The incidence of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups has been found to vary in various populations. The present investigation was undertaken with the aim to study ABO blood groups frequency among the Chokri of Chakhesang Naga, of Nagaland. The results were calculated as frequencies of each of the blood group, expressed as percentage. The frequency of blood group O (42.23%) was found to be the highest, followed by Blood group A (37.05%), B (16.73%) and AB (3.99%) was the least preponderant. The occurrence of Rh (D) was in very low frequency (0.4%) Keywords: ABO and Rh (D) blood groups, Chokri, Chakhesang Naga, Nagaland. INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS In physical anthropology, more Blood sample of 251 individuals (126 particularly in populations genetics, the study of females and 125 Males) within the age group of different properties of blood was found in various 15-25 years were collected among the Chokri, population groups in the world plays an Chakhesang Naga from different villages of Phek interesting and important role. The distribution of district. An effort was made to collect the samples ABO blood group varies from one region to the from biologically unrelated individuals. For other, and also from one population to other. determining the ABO blood group, the Standard Thoughall the population of the world has same slide technique suggested by Lawler and Lawler blood group system, but the frequency of ABO and (1951) and Bhatia (1977) was followed. The Rh (D) antigens is found to vary amongst all method used for determining Rh factor is similar populations. with that of ABO blood grouping. For Rh blood Gosh (1969) calculated the average for grouping anti-D sera was used for typing the Rh India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives factor. island and many anthropological studies have been carried out in India, which can be used for RESULTS AND DISCUSSION understanding the peopling of India .But in the The phenotypic distribution of ABO blood North-Eastern part of India it is relatively less groups and their allele frequencies for the total studied with very sparsely data report related sample of 251 Individuals are given in Table 1. to serological and biochemical traits on a few The percentage frequencies of O, A, B and AB population groups. To fill the gap, the present blood groups are 0.4223, 0.3705, 0.1673 and study focuses on the ABO and Rh (D) blood 0.0399 respectively. The blood group O showed groups distribution of the Chokri, Chakhesang the highest frequency followed by A, B and then Naga of Nagaland. AB blood group. The test of Goodness of fit for The Chakhesang Naga is one of the Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium indicates, that the major tribes of Nagaland inhabiting in the South- difference between these allele frequencies in Eastern fringe of the state. The district is bound the present population are statistically 2 on the East by the international border that insignificant (푥 =1.03, d.f=1, p<0.1).Thus, it can separates India from the country of Myanmar. be said that the present Chokri population is in The Chokri and Khezha from the main ethnic genetic equilibrium from the genetic point of segment within the Chakhesang Naga with a view in terms of ABO locus and does follow the total population of about 1, 63,418 scattered Hardy Weinberg Principle (1908).Out of 251 over an area of 1,981sq.km with a population individuals, 99.6 % were found to be Rh+ve and density of 81 per person per sq.km.Ethnically only 0.4% was found to possess Rh-ve as seen in they belong to the Mongoloid group and speak a Table 2 and the allele frequencies were found to Tibeto-Burman language. be 0.9368 &0.0632 respectively. Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 967 [ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY– SEPT 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 Table 1: Phenotypes and Allele Frequencies of ABO Blood Groups of the Chokri, Chakhesang Naga of Nagaland Total no. (251) Phenotypes Females (126) Males (125) Total (251) Phenotype Frequency No. % No. % No. % O 56 44.45 50 40 106 42.23 0.4223 A 43 34.13 50 40 93 37.05 0.3705 B 23 18.25 19 15.2 42 16.73 0.1673 AB 4 3.17 6 4.8 10 3.99 0.399 Allele Genotype frequencies± Standard Error: p=0.2331±0.0332,q=0.1101± 0.0223,r=0.6568±0.02 Difference between sexes: 푥2 = 1.65,푑.푓 = 3,p>0.1 Goodness of fit for Hardy- Weinberg Law: 푥2 =1.03, d.f =1, p>0.1 Table 2: Phenotypes and Allele Frequencies of A comparison of the ABO allele frequency Rh (D) Factor Blood Group of the Chokri, variation among the Chokri of Chakhesang Naga Chakhesang Naga of Nagaland with other Mongoloid populations of North-East India is shown in Table 3. The Ao Naga shows the lowest frequency of allele ‘p’ and the Hajong from Meghalaya shows the highest allele ‘p’ frequency. Whereas, the Konyaks shows the lowest allele ‘q’ frequency and the War Khasi shows the highest ‘q’ allele frequency. In the case of ‘r’ allele the Kozami shows the lowest Allele frequencies ± Standard Error: d=0.0632±0.03, frequency and the Adi Padam of Arunachal D=0.9368±0.03 shows the highest frequency of ‘r’ allele. Difference between sexes (푥2) = 1.004, d.f= 1, p>0.1 Table 3: Allele Frequency, p,q,r variation of the Chokri, Chakhesang Naga at the ABO locus with the other Mongoloid populations of North–East population India Populations Sample size P Q R References Manipur Paite164 164 0.2781 0.2502 0.4717 Bhattacharjee & Nanda (1980) Thadou-Kukis 174 0.337 0.149 0.514 Bhattacharjee & Nanda (1980) Meghalaya Garo 142 0.178 0.299 0.523 Majumder (1950) Hajong 125 0.358 0.23 0.412 Deka (1984) Khasi 821 0.192 0.111 0.697 Das (1969) War Khasi 230 0.1785 0.822 0.7393 Das (1978) Sikkim Bhutia 106 0.283 0.245 0.472 Bhasin et al (1986) Lepchas 205 0.232 0.156 0.612 Bhattacharjee (1974) Tripura Rangkhal 100 0.218 0.112 0.67 Gupta (1958) Riang 150 0.23 0.298 0.472 Gupta (1958) Trippra 150 0.319 0.21 0.471 Gupta (1958) Assam Bodo 402 0.228 0.27 0.502 Das et al (1980) Deuri 200 0.315 0.159 0.526 Das et al (1987) Garo 269 0.222 0.267 0.511 Das (1987) Lalung 114 0.1943 0.2278 0.5779 Das et al (1987) Mikir-Karbi 111 0.183 0.247 0.57 Das et al (1987) Mishing-Miri 196 0.2654 0.1585 0.5761 Das et al (1987) 968 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 Arunachal Adi-Minyong 278 0.175 0.185 0.64 Goswami & Das (1990) Galong 441 0.215 0.15 0.635 Goswami & Das (1990) Apatani-Guchi 214 0.334 0.126 0.54 Goswami & Das (1990) Apatani- Guth 332 0.299 0.172 0.529 Goswami & Das (1990) Wancho 330 0.234 0.123 0.643 Goswami & Das (1990) Adi Panggi 112 0.3124 0.1215 0.5661 Krithika, Maji & Vasulu (2006) Adi Komkar 72 0.1801 0.1159 0.7037 Krithika, Maji & Vasulu (2006) Adi Padam 100 0.1375 0.1094 0.7528 Krithika, Maji & Vasulu (2006) Nagaland Angami-Nagas 100 0.25 0.085 0.665 Bhattacharjee (1957b) Angami-Nagas 150 0.191 0.102 0.707 Seth & Seth (1973) British Research Association Konyaks 127 0.252 0.074 0.674 (1939) British Research Association Ao Naga 57 0.159 0.159 0.682 (1939) British Research Association Naga Ao 270 0.1352 0.1376 0.7272 (1939) Kozami 200 0.2189 0.1282 0.0173 Zehol & Zehol (2009) Murry, Sachedeva & Kalla, Lotha 450 0.2016 0.1161 0.6823 (2001) Chokri 251 0.2331 0.1101 0.6568 Present study (2017) As regard to ABO blood group system very few 4. Bhattacharjee, P. N., & Nanda, D. K. 1980. Blood Naga tribes of Nagaland have so far been studied groups of the Paite of Manipur.Journal of Indian and many studies need to be carried out in these Anthropological Society15:207- 210. parts of the region to have a better understanding 5. Bhasin, M.K., Walter, H. & Chahel, S.M.S et al. 1986. Biology of the people of Sikkim. Studies on on their origin and migration of the Nagas as a the variability of genetic markers.Z. whole. The results of the present study showed Morphology. Anthropol.77:49- 86. non-significant difference with the Kozami, 6. Das,B.M. 1978. Variation in Physical Angami, Lotha, Konyaks and Ao (푥2= 1.1024, characteristic in the Khasi Population of North- 0.7529, 3.4979, 1.9121, 4.9305) but they East India. New Delhi, India: D.K.
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