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From Base Metals and Back – Isamills and Their Advantages in African Base Metal Operations
The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Base Metals Conference 2013 H. de Waal, K. Barns, and J. Monama From base metals and back – IsaMills and their advantages in African base metal operations H. de Waal, K. Barns, and J. Monama Xstrata IsaMill™ technology was developed from Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH stirred milling technology in the early 1990s to bring about a step change in grinding efficiency that was required to make Xstrata’s fine-grained lead/zinc orebodies economic to process. From small-scale machines suited to ultrafine grinding, the IsaMill™ has developed into technology that is able to treat much larger tonnages, in coarser applications, while still achieving high energy efficiency, suited for coarser more standard regrind and mainstream grinding applications. The unique design of the IsaMillTM, combining high power intensity and effective internal classification, achieves high energy efficiency and tight product distribution which can be effectively scaled from laboratory scale to full-sized models. The use of fine ceramic media also leads to significant benefits in downstream flotation and leaching operations. These benefits are key drivers for the adoption of the technology into processing a diverse range of minerals worldwide, and offer major opportunities for power reduction and improved metallurgy for the African base metal operations. Keywords: IsaMill, regrind, energy efficiency, inert grinding. Introduction The development of the IsaMillTM, by MIM (now GlencoreXstrata) and Netzsch Feinmahltechnik GmbH, was initiated to enable the development of the fine-grained ore deposits at Mt Isa and McArthur River in Northern Australia. To liberate the valuable minerals and so produce a saleable concentrate this ultrafine-grained ore needed to be ground to a P80 of 7 μm. -
Softening Behaviour of Lead Sinter and Slag At
Paper Title: THE ISA-YMG LEAD SMELTING PROCESS Paper Presented at: PbZn 2005 Conference, Kyoto, Japan Authors: Bill Errington & Philip Arthur, Xstrata Technology Jikun Wang & Ying Dong, Yunnan Metallurgical Group, Date of Publication: October, 2005 For further information please contact us at [email protected] www.isasmelt.com THE ISA-YMG LEAD SMELTING PROCESS Bill Errington and Philip Arthur Xstrata Technology, Level 4, 307 Queen Street,, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia [email protected] Jikun Wang and Ying Dong Yunnan Metallurgical Group, Kunming,Yunnan, P. R. China ABSTRACT The Yunnan Metallurgical Group (YMG) has constructed a new lead-zinc smelting/refinery complex at Qujing in Yunnan Province, China. The lead smelting process combines an ISASMELT™ smelting furnace with a YMG designed blast furnace. The ISASMELT furnace produces lead bullion plus a high-lead slag that is cast into lump form and fed to the blast furnace. YMG installed a blast furnace in the 1950's to treat high lead slag produced by earlier silver operations. This furnace later treated sinter. For the present project YMG carried out trials at the pilot and commercial scale before deciding on the final blast furnace design. The ISASMELT furnace design was based on the operation of the Lead ISASMELT Plant at Mount Isa. This paper describes the development and the operation of both the ISASMELT furnace and the YMG blast furnace. This combination of new technology and remodelled traditional technology provides an economical solution to achieving an environmentally acceptable lead smelter. Key words: ISASMELT process, lead smelting, lead slag, lead blast furnace www.isasmelt.com 2 INTRODUCTION The new YMG lead smelter forms one part of a new greenfield lead/zinc smelting and refinery complex located at Qujing in Yunnan Province in China. -
Principles of Extractive Metallurgy Lectures Note
PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY B.TECH, 3RD SEMESTER LECTURES NOTE BY SAGAR NAYAK DR. KALI CHARAN SABAT DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING PARALA MAHARAJA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BERHAMPUR DISCLAIMER This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for prescribed textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the author for their respective teaching assignments as an additional tool for the teaching-learning process. Various sources as mentioned at the reference of the document as well as freely available material from internet were consulted for preparing this document. The ownership of the information lies with the respective author or institutions. Further, this document is not intended to be used for commercial purpose and the faculty is not accountable for any issues, legal or otherwise, arising out of use of this document. The committee faculty members make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. BPUT SYLLABUS PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY (3-1-0) MODULE I (14 HOURS) Unit processes in Pyro metallurgy: Calcination and roasting, sintering, smelting, converting, reduction, smelting-reduction, Metallothermic and hydrogen reduction; distillation and other physical and chemical refining methods: Fire refining, Zone refining, Liquation and Cupellation. Small problems related to pyro metallurgy. MODULE II (14 HOURS) Unit processes in Hydrometallurgy: Leaching practice: In situ leaching, Dump and heap leaching, Percolation leaching, Agitation leaching, Purification of leach liquor, Kinetics of Leaching; Bio- leaching: Recovery of metals from Leach liquor by Solvent Extraction, Ion exchange , Precipitation and Cementation process. -
Challenges Related to the Processing of Fines in the Recovery of Platinum Group Minerals (Pgms)
minerals Review Challenges Related to the Processing of Fines in the Recovery of Platinum Group Minerals (PGMs) Kirsten C. Corin 1,* , Belinda J. McFadzean 1, Natalie J. Shackleton 2 and Cyril T. O’Connor 1 1 Centre for Minerals Research, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, P Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; [email protected] (B.J.M.); [email protected] (C.T.O.) 2 Minerals Expertise Tech Pty Ltd., Germiston 2007, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In order to increase the recovery of PGMs by flotation, it is necessary to optimise the liberation of the key minerals in which the platinum group elements (PGEs) are contained which include sulphides, arsenides, tellurides, and ferroalloys among others, while at the same time ensuring the optimal depression of gangue minerals. In order to achieve this, comminution circuits usually consist of two or three stages of milling, in which the first stage is autogeneous, followed by ball milling. Further liberation is achieved in subsequent stages using ultra-fine grinding. Each comminution stage is followed by flotation in the so-called MF2 or MF3 circuits. While this staged process increases overall recoveries, overgrinding may occur, hence creating problems associated with fine particle flotation. This paper presents an overview of the mineralogy of most of the more significant PGM ores processed in South Africa and the various technologies used in comminution circuits. The paper then summarises the methodology used in flotation circuits to optimise recovery Citation: Corin, K.C.; McFadzean, of fine particles in terms of the collectors, depressants, and frothers used. -
Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering
Course Structure B. Tech. - Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering Applicable to those admitted through JEE from 2019 onwards Department of Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India (September - 2019) Page 1 of 41 Course Structure SEMESTER III S. Subject Subject Name Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Contact No. ID (L) (T) (P) Hours Hours 1 FMC201 Colloids and interfacial 3 0 0 9 3 phenomena 2 FMC202 Heat and mass transfer 3 0 0 9 3 3 FMC203 Physical separation 3 0 0 9 3 processes for coal and minerals 4 FME221 Particle technology (ESO 3 0 0 9 3 1) 5 E/SO 2 E/SO 3 0 0 9 3 6 FMC251 Particle technology 0 0 2 2 2 laboratory 7 FMC252 Physical separation 0 0 2 2 2 processes laboratory Total Credit 49 19 SEMESTER IV S. Subject Subject Name Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Contact No. ID (L) (T) (P) Hours Hours 1 FMC204 Electrochemistry and 3 0 0 9 3 corrosion 2 FMC205 Thermodynamics and 3 0 0 9 3 kinetics 3 FMC206 Phase transformation and 3 0 0 9 3 heat treatment 4 FMC207 Fine particle processing for 3 0 0 9 3 coal and minerals 5 FME222 Introduction to fuel 3 0 0 9 3 technology (ESO 3) 6 FMC253 Fine particle processing 0 0 2 2 2 laboratory 7 FMC254 Introduction to fuel 0 0 2 2 2 technology laboratory Total Credit 49 19 Page 2 of 41 SEMESTER V S. Subject Subject Name Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Contact No. -
Evolution of the Isamill™ Into Magnetite Processing
EVOLUTION OF THE ISAMILL™ INTO MAGNETITE PROCESSING Greg Rasmussen, Xstrata Technology Pty Ltd Tommy Do , Ernest Henry Mining Michael Larson, Xstrata Technology Pty Ltd Katie Barns, Xstrata Technology Pty Ltd Xstrata Technology • Mount Isa Mines (MIM), a large Australian mining company, was acquired by Xstrata in 2003 who then merged with Glencore in 2013 • MIM internal technology group was re-named Xstrata Technology (XT) and became an independent technology developer and supplier to the global minerals industry with 250 staff worldwide • The equipment and processes which are marketed by XT are developed in our own operations • XT offers full-package solutions including: • Equipment and processes • Engineering • Commissioning and Training • Dedicated after-market support IsaMill™ Technology Development ™ • Development of IsaMill driven by inability Broken Hill to efficiently treat fine grained orebodies • Late 1980s, Xstrata required 7µm grind for new Pb/Zn orebodies in Australia • Conventional mining technologies tested (1975-1990), but 0 40 micron − Too high power consumption to achieve target size McArthur River − Ball/tower mills ineffective below 20-30μm − Negative influence of steel grinding on flotation 0 40 micron IsaMill™ Technology Development A technology was found... • Horizontal Bead Mills − Used in industries other than mining (pharmaceuticals, paint, food, etc.) − Small, batch scale − Very expensive and exotic media types • Cross-over into mining required: − Much larger scale − Continuous operation − Ability to use cheap, -
Mineral Engineering & Fuel Technology
MINERAL ENGINEERING & FUEL TECHNOLOGY (MME-203) 4th Semester B. Tech Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering V.S.S.university of Technology , Burla Sambalpur , odisha Person Name Designation Department involved And Email .id Course Gautam Assistant MME coordinator Behera professor [email protected] Course Co- Dinesh Assistant MME coordinator ku professor mishra , [email protected] Course Co- Avala Assistant MME coordinator Lava professor kumar [email protected] Goals of the subject 1-To impart knowledge about Mineral Processing [fundamental knowledge] 2-To teach you to “think” rather than “cook” 3-To encourage you to consider a career path in Mineral Processing Content Introduction to mineral processing(Engineering) Crushing and grinding Size separation methods Concentration methods Agglomeration techniques Fuel technology MODULE -I Introduction to mineral and mineral Engineering Mineral- a substance from which we get metal non metals or any valuables. Mineral Engineering ( branch of mme which deals with study of minerals and its processing )where the minerals is being processed to get a concentrate from which metals are extracted . Flow chat to show the relationship of mineral engineering with mining and extractive metallurgy engineering Subject covers Minerals definition MINERAL : Natural occur inorganic aggregate of metals and non metals . Or Inorganic compound having a definite chemical composition and crystal structure (atomic structure). Or minerals are the forms in which metals are found in the earth crust and as sea bed deposit depend on their reactivity with their environment, particular with oxygen , sulphur, and co2. Anything of economical value which is extracted from the earth. Characteristic of mineral 1-Minerals are homogeneous in physical and chemical composition. -
Regrinding and Fine Grinding Technology - the Facts and Myths
A review of regrinding and fine grinding technology - the facts and myths Dr Alex Jankovic, Metso Minerals Process Technology Asia-Pacific, [email protected] ABSTRACT Stirred milling technology is used extensively for fine grinding in the ceramic, paint and pharmaceutical industrials. It has been recently adopted by the mining industry. Specific conditions in the mining industry require somewhat different operation of this technology. However, the basic principles of operation are the same and the accumulated knowledge and experience developed in these other industries could be used to assist mining operations to get the most benefit from the stirred milling technology. This paper presents some of the important aspects of stirred milling operation discussed in the literature and not commonly known within the mining industry: grinding media motion, active grinding volume, wear of grinding media and energy transfer, stress intensity, scale-up issues and flow limitations. The intention is to introduce a “different perspective” of stirred milling technology, in particular highlighting its potential benefits and limitations. HISTORY Stirred milling technology may be regarded as relatively new in minerals processing, however it is a mature and extensively used technology in the ceramic, paint and pharmaceutical industries. The latest development of this technology is in the area of “Nano-grinding” for grinding down to nano-sizes. One may say that stirred mills used today in mining and minerals processing are equivalent to the early models of stirred mills used in parallel industries. The most commonly used stirred mills in mining and minerals processing are the VERTIMILL®, STIRRED MEDIA DETRITOR (SMD®) and ISAMILL® and a brief history of their development is given below. -
Treatment and Microscopy of Gold
TREATMENT AND MICROSCOPY OF GOLD AND BASE METAL ORES. (Script with Sketches & Tables) Short Course by R. W. Lehne April 2006 www.isogyre.com Geneva University, Department of Mineralogy CONTENTS (Script) page 1. Gold ores and their metallurgical treatment 2 1.1 Gravity processes 2 1.2 Amalgamation 2 1.3 Flotation and subsequent processes 2 1.4 Leaching processes 3 1.5 Gold extraction processes 4 1.6 Cyanide leaching vs. thio-compound leaching 5 2. Microscopy of gold ores and treatment products 5 2.1 Tasks and problems of microscopical investigations 5 2.2 Microscopy of selected gold ores and products 6 (practical exercises) 3. Base metal ores and their beneficiation 7 3.1 Flotation 7 3.2 Development of the flotation process 7 3.3 Principles and mechanisms of flotation 7 3.4 Column flotation 9 3.5 Hydrometallurgy 10 4. Microscopy of base metal ores and milling products 10 4.1 Specific tasks of microscopical investigations 11 4.2 Microscopy of selected base metal ores and milling products 13 (practical exercises) 5. Selected bibliography 14 (Sketches & Tables) Different ways of gold concentration 15 Gravity concentration of gold (Agricola) 16 Gravity concentration of gold (“Long Tom”) 17 Shaking table 18 Humphreys spiral concentrator 19 Amalgamating mills (Mexican “arrastra”, Chilean “trapiche”) 20 Pressure oxidation flowsheet 21 Chemical reactions of gold leaching and cementation 22 Cyanide solubilities of selected minerals 23 Heap leaching flowsheet 24 Carbon in pulp process 25 Complexing of gold by thio-compounds 26 Relation gold content / amount of particles in polished section 27 www.isogyre.com Economically important copper minerals 28 Common zinc minerals 29 Selection of flotation reagents 30 Design and function of a flotation cell 31 Column cell flotation 32 Flowsheet of a simple flotation process 33 Flowsheet of a selective Pb-Zn flotation 34 Locking textures 35 2 1. -
Isamill™ Technology Used in Efficient Grinding Circuits
1 IsaMill™ Technology Used in Efficient Grinding Circuits B.D. Burford1 and L.W. Clark2 High intensity stirred milling is now an industry accepted method to efficiently grind fine and coarse particles. In particular, the IsaMill™, which was invented for, and transformed the fine grinding industry, is now being included in many new comminution circuits in coarser applications. While comminution has always been regarded as important from a processing perspective, the pressure being applied by environmental concerns on all large scale power users, now make highly energy efficient processes more important than ever. The advantages that were developed in fine grinding in the early IsaMill™ installations have been carried over into coarse grinding applications. These advantages include a simple grinding circuit that operates in open circuit with a small footprint, the ability to offer sharp product size classification, as well as the use of inert media in a high energy intensive environment. This paper will examine the use of IsaMill™ technology in fine grinding (P80 below 15 micron), and examine the use of the technology in conventional grinding applications (P80 20 - 150 µm). Recent installations will be examined, including fine and coarse grinding applications, as well as the recent test work that was undertaken using an IsaMill™ in a primary grinding circuit, and the resulting circuit proposal for this site. While comminution has been relatively unchanged for the last century, the need to install energy efficient technology will promote further growth in IsaMill™ installations, and result in one of the biggest challenges to traditional comminution design. 1. Senior Process Engineer, Xstrata Technology, L4, 307 Queen Street, Brisbane 4000, Qld, Australia 2. -
Telfer Processing Plant Upgrade – the Implementation of Additional
Telfer Processing Plant Upgrade – The Implementation of Additional Cleaning Capacity and the Regrinding of Copper and Pyrite Concentrates D R Seaman1, F Burns2, B Adamson3, B A Seaman4 and P Manton5 ABSTRACT The Telfer concentrator, located in the Great Sandy Desert of Western Australia, consists of a dual train gold/copper operation processing ore from one underground and, currently, two open pit mines with differing mineralogy. The fl otation circuit of each train was designed to operate in several modes depending on the feed mineralogy. The majority of ore mined at Telfer is processed in a sequential mode where copper minerals are fi rst fl oated into a saleable copper concentrate followed by the fl otation of an auriferous pyrite concentrate which is treated in an on-site hydrometallurgical plant (carbon-in-leach (CIL)). Gold is recovered as a gravity product within the primary grinding circuit, to the copper concentrate, and to a lesser extent, the CIL circuit. Since Telfer was re-opened, with a new concentrator, in 2004, the processing plant has struggled with poor copper concentrate grades, partially due to the excessive entrainment of non-sulfi de gangue minerals in the copper fl otation circuit and, more recently, due to composite copper particles produced when processing ore from a supplementary satellite pit that has not previously been processed through the new Telfer concentrator. Gold recoveries in the CIL circuit have also been below industry standard. This paper presents the implementation of recent changes made to the circuit to address these performance issues. The reconfi guration of the circuit has involved the installation of the following major equipment items: two ISAMills™ in ultra-fi ne grinding applications (one in the copper circuit and one in the pyrite circuit), two Jameson Cells to improve fi ne gangue rejection and a bank of 5 × Outotec TC30s to recovery copper and gold from the reground pyrite stream. -
Xstrata Technology Update Edition 13 – April 2012 Building Plants That Work
xstrata technology update Edition 13 – April 2012 Building plants that work You have to get a lot of things it takes another operator to get them right to build a plant that works. right. Someone who has lived through the problems, had to do the maintenance, operated during a midnight power Of course the big picture must be right – doing the right project, in the right place, failure, cleaned up the spill. Someone at the right time. who has “closed the loop” on previous designs; lived with previous decisions After that, the devil is in the detail. You and improved them, over and over. need a sound design, good execution, good commissioning, and ongoing This is why Xstrata Technology provides support after commissioning. You need a technology “package”. Just as a car to operate and maintain your plant in is more than an engine, technology is the long run, long after the construction more than a single piece of equipment. company has left. That’s when all the Technology is a system. All the elements “little” details become important – how of the system have to work with each easy is it to operate, how good is the other and with the people in the plant. maintenance access, what happens in We want our cars designed by people a power failure, where are the spillage who love cars and driving. So should points and how do we clean them our plants be designed by people with up? Are the instruments reliable and experience and passion to make each is the process control strategy robust one work better than the last.