Singularities Vol-4-Issue-2
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a peer reviewed international transdisciplinary biannual research journal Vol. 4 Issue 2 July 2017 Postgraduate Department of English Manjeri, Malappuram, Kerala. www.kahmunityenglish.in/journals/singularities Chief Editor P. K. Babu., Ph. D Principal, DGMMES Mampad College Members: Dr. K. K. Kunhammad Asst. Professor, Dept. of Studies in English, Kannur University Mammad. N Asst. Professor, Dept of English, Govt. College, Malappuram. Dr. Priya. K. Nair Asst. Professor, Dept. of English, St. Teresa's College, Eranakulam. Aswathi. M. P. Asst. Professor, Dept of English, KAHM Unity Women's College, Manjeri. Shahina Mol. A. K. Assistant Professor and Head Department of English, KAHM Unity Women’s College, Manjeri Advisory Editors: Dr. V. C. Haris School of Letters, M.G. University Kottayam Dr. M. V. Narayanan Assoc. Professor, Dept of English, University of Calicut. Editor's Note True research writing needs to take on the job of intellectually activating untrodden tangents. Singularities aspires to be a journal which not just records the researches through publishing, but one which also initiates dialogues and urges involvement. The Singularities conferences, envisaged as annual events, are meant to be exercises in pursuing the contemporary and wherever possible, to be efforts in leading the contemporary too. Space that permeates our existence, that influences the very way in which one experience, understand, navigate and recreate the world was selected as the theme for the annual conference of Singularities in 2017. The existence of space is irrevocably intertwined with culture, communication, technology, geography, history, politics, economics, and the lived experience. Understanding the spatial relationships, the tensions and dynamics that inform them, enables us to form insights into the process that configure the spaces we move through, inherit and inhabit. Spatial studies, also designated by terms as geocriticism, geopoetics or spatial humanities, is a growing body of critical scholarship, that attempts to discern the metaphysics of a culture from its own material. It frames an alternative method to the historical, biographical and narratological, to the perception of a culture. The papers that are presented in the Singularities Conference on Space, compiled in the special conference volume, Issue 2 , not only examined the cultural attributes of a measurable space, but critiqued the imaginary, otherworldly, mythical, fantastic, cyberspace, and even the hybrid zones where fiction meets reality. We are happy to present Singularities Space Conference Issue which offers stimulating read in terms of the experience of Space. P. K. Babu., Ph. D Chief Editor Contents 1. K. S. Saradhambal 7-13 Space and Formation of Identity : A Study of V. S. Naipaul's Trilogy on India 2. Amina. N. M. 14-18 Mindscape – Moving and Still : A Study through Joy Mathew's Shutter and Abbas Kiarostami's Taste of Cherry 3. Aneeta Sebastian 19-22 The Space of Stereotyped Hollywood : Red Indian and The Revenant 4. Indu B. Kurup 23-34 City of Dreams/Extremes: Strategic Exoticism and (Re)presentation of Bombay in Altaf Tyrewala's No God in Sight and Jeet Thayil's Narcopolis 5. Lakshmipriya. P. 35-38 M.T. Vasudevan Nair's Mist : A Poetry on Waiting 6. Reeja 39-44 From Ocean to Land : A Metaphorical Transformation of Ariel's World in the Disney Movie The Little Mermaid 7. Sarada. P. V. 45-48 A Perspective on Space - Living and Narrative in Amitav Ghosh's The Calcutta Chromosome 8. Niyi Adebanjo (Ph.D) 49-58 Between Love and Piety: The Man More Hated than Hating in Adichie's Purple Hibiscus 9. Fathima Sullami. T. A. 59-63 Dilemmatic Voice from the Third Space: Hybridity and Diasporic Consciousness in M.G Vassanji's No New Land 10. Amna Athimannil 64-67 Spatiality of Silence and Incarceration in The Metamorphosis 11. Farsanah Moosa Kappil 68-74 In Search of Occidental Space in Hollywood Films to Overcome Xenophobia 12. C. Joel Gnanadoss Timothy 75-80 From Village to City: Mapping Dalit Assertion 13. N. Rema 81-84 Reflection of Cultural Memory with the Portrayal of Nadine Gordimer's The Conservationist 14. M. Sarmila 85-88 Real and Imagined Spaces: The Study on the Presentation of Culture and History in Amitav Ghosh's The Shadow Lines 15. Olayemi Oluwakemi Titilola 89-100 “Like” - An Appropriate Substitute for Prepositions in Nigerian English Usage? K. S. Saradhambal Space and Formation of Identity: A Study of V. S. Naipaul's Trilogy on India Abstract The mass dislocation of people in the post-modern scenario is governed by an urge to relocate, to reconstitute and to examine one's social space. This migration and migration of early period of imperialism created a construct of new spatial order. Imperialistic white supremacy over other races by brutal atrocities and ruthless exploitation produced migrant colonial subjects. The phenomena of colonial production of new world that gave birth to displaced identities. Foucault on his 'of other spaces' defines about the emergence of contestation of the space as heterotopias. Heterotopias mean mixing of several incompatible spaces in a real place. This space signifies modern social space. It was the result of coming together of own and the other. It is the manifestation of reality. V.S. Naipaul born to parents of Indian origin in Trinidad with the living of his formative life in England knew nothing of his parent's family in India. To get anywhere in writing he felt that he first have to define himself clearly. Naipaul's engagement with India falls within this framework. Hence in respect of Naipaul's trilogy on India was of knowing India against cultural barrier between him and ancestral homeland was negotiated in terms of migrant's encounter with colonially produced 'heterotopic' reality of post-colonial India. Naipaul's first reaction on India was too large a distance to be bridged because of his living in Trinidad and England. It took him 27 years and three books on India to arrive at an understanding of India. The writer's vision of India living abroad is shaped by lived in experience and the experience one has inherited. Naipaul's personal and inherited circumstance which went into his making as a writer has much scope for taking up this study. The childhood experience of Indian life in Trinidad, the incomplete spatial experience becomes complete by his contact with the place of his ancestors, the India. The exploration of the place with people, landscapes, culture, events, situations find meaning for his space that he inherited. The present study attempts to analyse the formation of the writer's identity by geographical inquiry into the reality of India with imaginary and spatial historical experience. Keywords : Space, place, heterotopic, identity. Movement of all types has intensified in this modern world. Migration and migrants change space and create places that reflect where people come from, how they have migrated and what their relation to the host society. Places are landmarks of migration routes. Space became the factor in analysing migration thus creating specific relational spaces. Foucault's primary definition of social space at once, point out the ambiguous relationship that the migrants share with their spaces of location. This ambiguity as the hallmark of modern spaces prevails in-between a sense of identity, rootedness, or belonging on the one hand, and its contradictory suggestions of dislocation, alienation and non- belongingon the other. Thus, these spaces forge ones identity in an ever-present migrant condition of displacement without origin. Naipaul's Indian trilogy with the problematic of K. S. Saradhambal is Head, Department of English, Sri. Vasavi College, Erode 7 Singularities Vol.4 Issue 2 July 2017 ISSN 2348 – 3369 knowing India, overriding the cultural barriers that exist between Naipaul and his ancestral homeland, must be negotiated in terms of the migrant traveller's encounter with the colonially produced “heterotopic” reality of post-independent India in the formation of identity. Naipaul's achieving a sense of belonging became difficult because of his partial relation to multiple nations. His interest in his relationships with places becomes inevitable to the idea of space and place. Many of his works produced by his imagining and writing about places were geographically far away from him. This distance also caused Naipaul problem because he lacked his own settled place and has no society to write about. He constantly undertook journey to look for material. Thus, Naipaul's lack of his own society brings forth the spatial life of a traveller. His characters also revealed spatial sensibilities. Naipaul's journey to India made him sketch the trilogy on India, Area of Darkness (AOD), India: A Wounded Civilization (IWC) and India: A Million Mutinies Now (IMMN). His journey to India was both familiar and strange and was far more personal and emotional because it was the land of his ancestors. The present study is an attempt to analyse the spatial understanding of India by the writer and his formation of identity in his trilogy on India. Trilogy on India signified how Naipaul negotiated with his homeland in terms of migrant's encounter with heterotopic spatial reality of India. V.S. Naipaul's Area of Darkness was the first book on India written after his first visit to the nation. The author-traveller made a convincing attempt to negotiate with 'otherness' of India, the land of his forefathers. It was a culture shock because of his sudden exposure to the foreign reality of the place. Inspite of the ambivalent attitude of the narrator and the narrative showed a gradual development of a greater willingness to negotiate with the complex spatial reality of India. Naipaul confronted with two realities or maps of India, one the visible India of the physical and the imaginary India of migrant memory that he carried with him.