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Automated Planting and Harvesting System Design for Aquaponics Farm Implementation of Automation in Aquaponics System

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Automated Planting and Harvesting System Design for Aquaponics Farm Implementation of Automation in Aquaponics System THESIS - BACHELOR'S DEGREE PROGRAMME TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT AUTOMATED PLANTING AND HARVESTING SYSTEM DESIGN FOR AQUAPONICS FARM IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATION IN AQUAPONICS SYSTEM A u t h o r / s : Manahari Paudel 2 (42) SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES THESIS Abstract Field of Study Technology, Communication and Transport Degree Programme Degree Programme in Mechanical Engineering Author(s) Manahari Paudel Title of Thesis Automated Planting and Harvesting System Design for Aquaponics Farm Date 10/12/2020 Pages/Appendices 42 Supervisor(s) Mikko Nissinen Client Organisation /Partners One Farm Nepal Abstract This was a design project for an automated aquaponics farm. This project was commissioned by One Farm Nepal. This is an upgrade project as the company is operating the aquaponics farm with manpower. The main aim of this project was to automatize the aquaponic system. Designing the system utilizing most of the available space was the main motto of this project. The theory of this thesis was based on the triangulation method which includes a qualitative method, quantitative method, and lean model. Delphi method was used to get the accurate result. In soilless farming and automated system it was referred to different sources including Dr James Rakocy from University of the Virgin Islands (UVI). A complete model of an aquaponics farm was designed. The combination of automated aquaculture and soilless farming with the measurement of water parameters completes this system. For the process automation, the use of robotic arm and motors for different purpose like lifting, picking, and monitoring has helped the automated system. The design of the project is workings perfectly yet, there is some part in the system where improvement can be done. The robotic track can be extended so that the robotic arm can cover the fish tank for fish harvesting. The water parameter can be controlled by the use of robot. Keywords Aquaponics system, automated aquaponics farm, handsfree farm, robotic arm 3 (42) CONTENTS 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE RESEARCH ............................................................... 5 1.1 Motivation ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Previous Research ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research Problem ..................................................................................................................... 5 2 OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH ................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Research question .................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Hypotheses .............................................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 7 3 RESEARCH METHODS ........................................................................................................ 9 3.1 Qualitative methods .................................................................................................................. 9 3.1.1 Material Selection ........................................................................................................ 10 3.2 Quantitative methods .............................................................................................................. 10 3.3 Lean Model ............................................................................................................................. 11 4 SOILLESS FARMING ......................................................................................................... 12 4.1 Hydroponics ........................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.1 Media bed .................................................................................................................. 13 4.1.2 Flood and Drain .......................................................................................................... 13 4.1.3 Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) ..................................................................................... 14 4.1.4 Deep Flow Technique (DFT) ........................................................................................ 14 4.2 Recirculating Aquaculture System ............................................................................................ 15 5 AUTOMATED SYSTEM DESIGN ......................................................................................... 18 5.1 Grow light .............................................................................................................................. 18 5.2 Machine vision ........................................................................................................................ 19 5.3 Robotic arm ............................................................................................................................ 19 5.3.1 Serial robot ................................................................................................................. 20 5.3.2 Parallel robot .............................................................................................................. 20 5.3.3 Attribute of serial and parallel robots ............................................................................ 21 5.4 Process parameters ................................................................................................................. 22 6 DESIGNING AN AUTOMATED AQUAPONICS FARM .............................................................. 23 6.1 Fish Tank ............................................................................................................................... 24 4 (42) 6.2 Mechanical filter ...................................................................................................................... 25 6.3 Gripper attachment ................................................................................................................. 27 6.3.1 Hand gripper .............................................................................................................. 28 6.3.2 Seeding nozzle ............................................................................................................ 28 6.3.3 Claw gripper ............................................................................................................... 29 6.4 Plumbing ................................................................................................................................ 30 6.5 Conveyer belt stand ................................................................................................................ 31 6.6 Hydraulics table ...................................................................................................................... 33 6.7 Pump and motors ................................................................................................................... 34 6.8 Frame and roller ..................................................................................................................... 36 6.9 Design Summary..................................................................................................................... 37 7 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 39 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 41 5 (42) 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE RESEARCH Farming is one of the most important activities that must be carried out for the survival of human being. In traditional farming, soil is the main media for crops to be grown. Due to repeated plowing and weeding, the crops which are grown in the soil require more efforts and need extra care. Over a time, inherent method of farming has changed significantly. In modern days of farming, there are ways of growing crops or rearing animals. Many chemicals used in soil-based farming to meet the ever-growing demand of food supply are harmful to our health. Sustainable farming is the only way to provide food for the over-growing population. Aquaponics system (AS) is a soilless sustainable farming technique. At around 1000AD the Aztec Indians used to grow plants on top of the lake with the help of rafts (ACS, 2020). 1.1 Motivation During the visit to Nepal, different companies for the thesis topic were visited. The author had a clear picture about the field of research. Research on agriculture automation motivated the author. Among a few firms, it was decided to collaborate with “One Farm Nepal Pvt. Ltd” which is specialized in soilless farming. A weeklong meeting on the farm gave an opportunity to know the detail inside of aquaponics farming technique. AS resembles the process automation. As the elements in an aqua- ponics system are connected via water line/bodies, it is easier to dilute or concentrate any element as per the measured process parameter value. 1.2 Previous Research There have been many
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