The European Discovery China Week 8: The 17th Century

THE LEGACY OF MING CHINA- THE TIANKONG KAIWU

Empire of China Du Hade: http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/soundingchina/jesuitsobj5.jpg

Chinese Porcelain: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Meissen_hard_porcelain_teapots_cir ca_1720_decorated_in_the_Netherlands_circa_1735.jpg

Wheelbarrow: http://www.dkfindout.com/us/history/ancient-china/chinese-inventions/

THE FALL OF THE MING

Ming Imperial Tombs: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Ming_Tombs_1875-1908.jpg

Li Zicheng Poster: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b7e9d060102et9t.html http://www.lssdjt.com/d/16440318.htm http://www.sccxdsj.com/qiche/hhpf-ofvxo.html

Commemorative Coins of Li Zicheng: https://www.google.es/search?q=Li+Zicheng&sa=X&biw=1197&bih=634&tbm=isch&tbo=u&so urce=univ&ved=0ahUKEwiSqIn6g_HOAhUCAxoKHakqDRIQiR4Ifg&dpr=0.9#imgrc=xY5D4VQcKX L6AM%3A

Li Zicheng Bejing Statue: http://www.historia.ro/exclusiv_web/general/articol/7-lucruri-care-nu-le-tiai-dinastia-ming

Ginseng: http://www.cambiatufisico.com/wp-content/uploads/ginseng1.jpg

Coin: http://howto.renkochartsystem.com/2293-real-de-a-ocho-de-1734-tiene-resellos-de-filipinas

Nurhaci.17th century court painting: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nurhaci_image.JPG Banners : http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2016-11/07/content_27295929_8.htm

Household banners: http://www.manchuarchery.org/did-qing-ban-archery-mongolia

Mudken Palace’s plan: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Mukden_Palace.svg

Mudken Palace, Chongzheng Hall: https://pigguy.wordpress.com/2015/08/06/lesser-known-imperial-palace/

Mudken Palace, Dazheng Hall: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukden_Palace#/media/File:Dazheng_Hall_070314.jpg

Battle of Liaoyang https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Battle_of_Liaoyang1621.jpg

Battle of Ningyuan: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Ningyuan_battle.jpg

Hong Taiji. 17th Century court painting: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Huang_Taiji.jpg

Manchu script: http://linguaholic.com/topic/3816-whats-the-most-beautiful-script/

THE MANCHU CONQUEST

Politics of Men’s Hair in Chinese History: http://lilsuika.deviantart.com/art/Politics-of-Men-s-Hair-in-Chinese-History-393809677

Clothing in Manchu Times: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Wang_Yi_1363.jpg http://denverartmuseum.org/edu/object/summer-dragon-robe

Provincial Ming Palace: http://en.inkwash.com/products/along-the-river-during-the-qingming-festival

Spanish fort of Santo Domingo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_San_Domingo#/media/File:Official_consulate_fort_santo_ domingo.jpg

Description of the Dutch port in Formosa : http://fortalezas.org/?ct=fortaleza&id_fortaleza=1235&muda_idioma=ES

Image of Fort Zeelandia in Taioan: http://fortalezas.org/?ct=fortaleza&id_fortaleza=1235&muda_idioma=ES Zheng Chenggong landing in Taiwan: http://www.taiwan-info.de/html/english/TWPAPERe.htm

Surrender of Zeelandia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning#/media/File:Surrender_of_Zeelandia.jpg

Portrait of Adam Schall: http://alchetron.com/Johann-Adam-Schall-von-Bell-1067528-W

Letter from Empress Dowager Helena Wang to the Pope: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Ming#/media/File:Kircher-100-Elena-Wang-letter.png

Magni Catay. Michael Boym: http://www.bandagedear.com/featured-product/magni-catay-the-vatican-collection-by- michael-boym

Cover of Flora Sinensis, Michael Boym: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureplus/community/library/blog/2013/05/08/item-of-the-month- may-2013-michael-boyms-flora-sinensis-1656

Drawings in Flora Silensis: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureplus/community/library/blog/2013/05/08/item-of-the-month- may-2013-michael-boyms-flora-sinensis-1656 http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureplus/community/library/blog/2013/05/08/item-of-the-month- may-2013-michael-boyms-flora-sinensis-1656

Cover of De Bello Tartarico Historia. Martino Martini: http://www.edition-originale.com/en/antique-books-1455-1820/travel/martini-de-bello- tartarico-1655-26798

The Hanging in The miseries of war. Jacques Callot: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War#/media/File:The_Hanging_by_Jacques_C allot.jpg

Cover of Sinicae Historiae Decas Primas, Martino Martini: http://echo.mpiwg- berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/permanent/library/6R9MRSH6/pageimg&pn=5&mode=im agepath

Cover of Tratados historicos, politicos, ethicos, y religiosos de la monarchia de China. Domingo Fernández de Navarrete, 1676: https://www.vialibri.net/552display_i/year_1676_0_865450.html

Cover of Historia de la conquista de la China por el tartaro. Juan de Palafox: http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/palafox_y_mendoza/imagenes/

Lischotten map: https://www.hjbmaps.com/products/linschoten-map-of-asia-1596 Orbis Terrarum. Petrus Plancius: http://www.atlascoelestis.com/Plancius%201594%20tavola.htm

Golfo de Bengala (Mapa): https://www.sanderusmaps.com/detail.cfm?c=10751

Jodocus Hondius Map: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/CEM-19-Asiae-nova-description- 1610-Jodocus-Hondius-2538.jpg

Map of Luiz Jorge de Barbuda: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Jorge_de_Barbuda

Novus Atlas Sinensis by Martino Martini: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlas_maior_1655_-_vol_10_- _Novus_Atlas_Sinensis_-_cover_-_P1080377.JPG

Atlas Nuevo de la Extrema Asia: http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000001881

China monumentis: http://www.booktryst.com/2010/09/happy-hour-for-kircher-two-martinis.html

Guang yu tu: https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7093/view/2/2/ https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7093/view/2/18/

Martino Martini: Novus atlas sinensis. Amsterdam: http://www.zb.uzh.ch/ausstellungen/exponat/008552/

Atlas Nuevo de la Extrema Asia: http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000001881

Johannnes Bleau’ China map: http://www.paralosgallery.com/stock_detail.php?stockid=2531

Young Woman with a Water Pitcher, Johannes Vermeer: http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437881

Soldier and laughing girl, Johannes Vermeer: https://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/vermeer/i/soldier-laughing-girl.jpg

The Eavesdropper, Nicholas Maes : http://www.essentialvermeer.com/dutch-painters/masters/maes_d.html#.V_Dr_PmLS00

THE KANGXI EMPEROR

Portrait of Kangxi Emperor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor

Portrait of Yongzheng Emperor: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Portrait_of_the_Yongzheng_Emperor _in_Court_Dress.jpg

Portrait of Qianglong Emperor: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Portrait_of_the_Qianlong_Emperor_i n_Court_Dress.jpg

Manchu closed city: http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/features.php?searchterm=028_tourism.inc&issue=028

Manchu closed city Canton: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/qingchina19thc-151121182849-lva1-app6892/95/qing- dynasty-china-19th-century-5-638.jpg?cb=1448130749

The Hermitage at the Foot of the Mountains: http://www.wikiart.org/en/shitao/the-hermitage-at-the-foot-of-the-mountains-1695

Artwork by Bada Shanren: https://wordsofmercury.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/331310_487700377907991_40697010 4_o.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:21_11-Bada_Shanren.JPG https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bada_Shanren_-_Lotus_and_Ducks_- _Google_Art_Project.jpg

Portrait of the Kangxi Emperor as a Young Man. Qing dynasty: http://www.learn.columbia.edu/nanxuntu/html/emperors/kangxi.htm

Portrait of the Kangxi Emperor in his Library. Qing dynasty: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor#/media/File:Kangxi_Emperor.jpg

Chinese Radicals: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kangxi_Dictionary_- _Chinese_Dictionary_Museum_2.JPG

Tapestry depicting tea drinkers, 17th century: http://moeblu.fr/2013/10/21/sophie-charlotte-hanovre-leibniz-reine-philosophe-chine/

Typical Han house (Dorling Kindersley): http://www.chinaspree.com/china-travel-guide/china-anhui-tours.html

Rural Temple: https://travelcurious.co/p%C3%ADngy%C3%A1o-an-unexpected-journey- 52451aab6a77#.jpbbj3l8q

Rural Temple 2: http://www.gis-reseau-asie.org/uploaded_files/images/monthly-articles/article- 100201/edito_100201_photo2_gm.jpg

Population growth graphic : https://www.quora.com/What-aspect-of-Chinese-characteristics-contributed-to-its-huge- population-throughout-history

The Qianlong Emperor's Southern Inspection Tour : http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1988.350/

The Kangxi Emperor's Southern Inspection Tour : http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/49156

The Kangxi Emperor's Southern Inspection Tour : http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/features.php?searchterm=009_expeditions.inc&issue= 009

The Kangxi Emperor on tour, early 18th century, Qing Dynasty: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor#/media/File:Kangxi-Reise.jpg

The Kangxi Emperor's Southern Inspection: http://www.learn.columbia.edu/nanxuntu/html/other/compare-k4.htm

The Kangxi Emperor's Southern Inspection: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a4afad5a01017t8n.html

Tapestry depicting the Chinese Emperor voyages, 17th century: http://moeblu.fr/2013/10/21/sophie-charlotte-hanovre-leibniz-reine-philosophe-chine/

A COMPLETE IMAGE OF CHINA

Matteo Ripa engraving: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ripa

Music sheet in chinese: http://www.conservatorio.net/cms/testi.php?id_rub=129370569800000&id_testo=13313659 9473108

Horse Rider by Giuseppe Castiglione: http://medievalpoc.tumblr.com/post/86003132733/information-on-giuseppe-castiglione- jesuit Manchu and Chinese troops: http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/lot.3073.html/2013/fine-chinese- ceramics-and-works-of-art-hk0477

Sketch by Giuseppe Castiglione: http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/books-manuscripts/after-giuseppe-castiglione-5723288- details.aspx

Old Summer Palace ruins: http://www.easytourchina.com/photo-p81-old-summer-palace-ruins

Map of China. Johan Nieuhof: http://www.medievalists.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la- Chine-1665_0735.tif.jpg

Cities visited by Nieuhof: http://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/collection-of-johan-nieuhofs-images-of-china/

Cover of An embassy from the East-India Company. Johan Nieuhof: https://archive.org/details/gezantschapderN00Nieu

Engravings by Johan Nieuhof: http://www.oldimprints.com/pages/books/45596/china-canton-guangzhou/the-city-quang- chew-fu-or-canton-from-nieuhof

Triumph Arch in Canton: https://histmag.org/Cesarskim-szlakiem-przez-Chiny-956

Peking: http://www.backchina.com/blog/299872/article-173988.html

Imperial Court in Peking: http://antiquephotoschina.blogspot.com.es/2014_04_01_archive.html

Imperial Palace in Peking: http://www.backchina.com/blog/299872/article-173988.html

Mogolsche: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley- plate-315.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_people#/media/File:Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine- 1665_0829.tif

Chinese men: http://www.chipstone.org/images.php/572/American-Furniture-2007/Reading-Japanned- Furniture

Chinese women: http://www.artchive.com/web_gallery/J/Jacob-van-Meurs/Chinese-Women-a-General- Description-from-an-account-of-a-Dutch-Embassy-to-China-1665.html

City of Nanking: http://www.oldimprints.com/pages/books/43848/china-nanjing/the-city-of-nan-king-from- nieuhof

Nanking street: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Nanjing#/media/File:1668_Straet_van_Nanking.pn g

Temple of Pau Lin Shi from Nieuhof: http://www.oldimprints.com/pages/books/43849/china-nanking-nanjing/temple-of-pau-lin- shi-from-nieuhof

Interior of the Pau Lin Shi: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johan_Nieuhof_-_Gezandtschap_- _Pagode_van_binnen_(cropped).jpg

Anhing: http://www.chipstone.org/images.php/572/American-Furniture-2007/Reading-Japanned- Furniture

Nankang: http://www.albion-prints.com/nieuhof-china-1668-antique-print-nankang-69-nanking- 192063-p.asp

Plant life: http://www.bromtravels.nl/ht/icontext1b.html

Chinese ship: http://bibliodyssey.blogspot.com.es/2011_11_06_archive.html

Goghelaars: http://www.pem.org/library/blog/?p=8685

Mendians: http://www.albion-prints.com/china-1670-copper-plate-mendians-nieuhofogilby-1266-p.asp

Johan Nieuhof’s Embassy: http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/DLDecArts/DLDecArts-idx?id=DLDecArts

China Illustrata’s cover: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_Monumentis,_qua_sacris_qua_profanis_by_ Athanasius_Kircher.jpg

Engraving of Potala palace: http://ricci.bc.edu/places/lhasa-tibet

Engraving of a Chinese pagoda: https://www.fulltable.com/ak/LAK0299.html

Engraving in China Illustrata: http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/soundingchina/operaobj1.html

Dutch Embassy waiting to enter the Forbidden City: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AMH-6848- KB_The_Dutch_delegation_presents_gifts_at_the_Imperial_palace.jpg

Jesuit Chinese World, Giulio Aleni: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/JesuitChineseWorldMapEarly17thCen tury.jpg

Tapestry depicting Schall & Verbiest with the Chinese Emperor, 17th century: http://moeblu.fr/2013/10/21/sophie-charlotte-hanovre-leibniz-reine-philosophe-chine/

Philippe Sollers, L'Éclaircie: http://www.philippesollers.net/l-eclaircie_roman.html

Kunyu Quantu (Full map of the world) Ferdinand Verbiest: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Kunyu_Quantu_of_Ferdinand_Verbie st_1674.jpg

[Guandong and Hainan, China] Province De Quang-Tong (Map): https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/34701/Guandong_and_Hainan_China_Province_De _QuangTong/D'Anville.html

[Guandong and Hainan, China] Province De Quang-Tong (Highlight of the Map): http://www.backchina.com/blog/299872/article-173988.html

Atlas of China. Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville: http://ricci.bc.edu/books/atlas

Map of China. D’Anville: https://www.nla.gov.au/digital-classroom/year-9/themes/territory

Guandong and Hainan Province (Maps): https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/34701/Guandong_and_Hainan_China_Province_De _QuangTong/D'Anville.html

Sichuan, Hubei shui dao tu: https://www.loc.gov/resource/g7822ym.gct00273/?sp=1

Histoire de la Chine: https://www.vialibri.net/552display_i/year_1735_0_331139.html

Chinese emperor in Histoire de la Chine: http://www.chineancienne.fr/17e-18e-s/du-halde-description-de-la-chine/

Cortège d’un vice-roi toutes les fois qu’il sort de son palais: http://www.chineancienne.fr/17e-18e-s/du-halde-description-de-la-chine/

Obsèques des Chinois: http://www.chineancienne.fr/17e-18e-s/du-halde-description-de-la-chine/

Du halde description de la Chine: https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Du_halde_description_de_la_chine_volume_2.djvu/243

Trois planches représentant la manière de dévider et de préparer la soie: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Du_Halde_-_Description_de_la_Chine_- _Vol_2_feuille_311.jpg

Letter from father d’Entrecolles in Du Halde’s book: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Lettre_du_pere_Entrecolles_1712_d u_Halde_1735.jpg

Cover of Conficius Sinarum Philosophus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Couplet#/media/File:LifeAndWorksOfConfucius1687.jp g