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Fire Management Strategy for Inyan Kara Mountain

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Fire Management Strategy for Inyan Kara Mountain Fire Management Strategy for Inyan Kara Mountain USDA Forest Service Black Hills National Forest Bearlodge Ranger District Dan L. Morford April 2000 Technical Fire Mangement 14 Table of Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................. 3 I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................. 6 Goal ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Project Objectives ................................................................................................................... 6 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 6 General Assumptions .............................................................................................................. 7 Limitations .............................................................................................................................. 7 II. Affected Environment ..................................................................................................... 8 III. Alternatives ............................................................................................................... 11 Analysis of Alternatives ........................................................................................................ 11 Conclusion of Alternatives ................................................................................................... 21 Definitions............................................................................................................................. 22 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................... 24 References ............................................................................................................................. 25 APPENDICIES ..................................................................................................................... 27 2 Executive Summary The purpose of this project is to analyze how the Black Hills National Forest, Bearlodge Ranger District currently manages wild fire suppression on Inyan Kara Mountain. This analysis considers the cost of suppression, and current fuel loadings inconjuction with the mountain’s special characteristic. The 1997 revised Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) for Inyan Kara Mountain emphasizes: * Natural vegetative succession. * Primitive recreational opportunities, but prohibits interpretive facilities. * Allows natural fuel buildup and deterioration. * Prohibits new road construction, reconstruction, and off road motorized travel. * Insects and diseases are allowed to run their course. * Allows for natural ignition fires. * Heritage protection and research. A 480-acre portion of the area is registered with the National Registry of Historic Places. Therefore, it is managed for its unusual scenic, historical, and geological features. Two alternatives were analyzed which are consistent with the 1997 LRMP. Following is a brief description of the alternatives: Alternative A, No Action Alternative. With this alternative no action implies that fires would continue to be suppressed as they have in the past. Alternative B, Wildland Fire Use. This alternative would allow a natural ignition to burn under certain parameters. This alternative would allow natural wild fire ignitions to burn under specified weather and fuel conditions. A variety of computer models were used to arrive at the results in this paper. The use of computer software programs such as: FIRE FAMILY PLUS, BEHAVE, KCFAST, FOFEM, GIS, ARCINFO, ARCVIEW were used to calculate results. Data was obtained from field observations, literature reviews, aerial photo, historic photographs, and photo guides for appraising fuel loading levels. This paper recommends that Alternative B be selected as the preferred alternative for Inyan Kara Mountain. This alternative best meets land and resource objectives, and has the greatest cost savings. 3 I. Introduction Inyan Kara Mountain is located on the Bearlodge Ranger District of the Black Hills National Forest, approximately 13 miles south of Sundance, Wyoming, and encompasses 1400 acres. (See Map on following page). The rich cultural history and unique geological characteristics drive resource management decisions. The Inyan Kara Mountain area is identified in the 1997 Revised Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) as management area 3.2A. This management area prohibits timber harvest, motorized transportation, or planned vegetative manipulation. Recreation activity is minimal due to the remote location and being surrounded by private land without public right-of-way. A 480-acre portion of the area is registered with the National Registry of Historic Places (See Appendix A1). Therefore, it is managed for its unusual scenic, historical, and geological features. The Desired Future Condition (DFC) for Inyan Kara Mountain includes: a primitive setting where natural processes are evident with dead trees due to fire, ponderosa pine as the most abundant tree species, followed by Rocky Mountain juniper, aspen and other hardwoods. In addition, a mosaic vegetation pattern, including meadows, older mature trees and over-stocked dense stands is desired. Resource managers have realized the need to evaluate alternative strategies to return this area to a more balanced ecosystem. The view of fire in forest ecosystems has been based on the premise that wildland fires were either destructive or constructive depending on one’s prospective. Irrespective of one’s viewpoint, disturbance is biologically necessary to maintain a healthy diverse ecosystem. The ecological benefits of prescribed fire are numerous, but high intensity fires may cause more damage than benefit (Agee, 1992). Successful fire suppression activities have contributed to high fuel loading of dead woody fuels, and a loss of meadow habitat due to encroachment of ponderosa pine. As a result, many stands have become overstocked due to fire exclusion. Forest health issues such as insect and disease outbreaks, densely stocked stands and associated reduced vigor, shifting vegetation patterns, and increasing fuel loads are the end result of aggressive fire suppression. On a broad scale, both species viability and biological diversity are threatened in forested ecosystems such as the Black Hills that have evolved with and adapted to frequent fire occurrences. The LRMP, section 3.2A-4102, provides an opportunity to use natural occurring fires to play, as nearly as possible, their natural ecological role. 4 5 Problem Statement Historically, wildfire has been an integral part of the Inyan Kara Mountain ecosystem. With the advent of European settlers and a very aggressive and successful fire suppression policy, fire effects have been minimized allowing for ecological changes. These changes are leading the Inyan Kara project area away from the desired condition. A lack of public support for prescribed fire, current low funding levels, and limited commodity values have contributed to a lack of management-ignited fires. Given these constraints the only options for this area are continued suppression action or wildland fire use on selected areas. Goal District Resource Managers have determined it is necessary to look at new fire management strategies/alternatives that would provide an opportunity for natural fuel reduction, increase benefits to the resource, reduce suppression costs, and reduce the wildfire threat to private lands. Project Objectives 1. Determine present fuel conditions of the project area. 2. Analyze fire management alternatives based on fuel loading and cost per acre. 3. Identify the desired future condition of the project area. Methodology The following methods and computer models will be used to meet both goals and objectives: 1. Inventory existing fuel characteristics and assign representative fuel models. 2. Create Geographic Information System (GIS) fuels layer and vegetation maps. 3. Use Fire Family Plus to perform weather and fire analyses. 4. Illustrate the predicted the fire behavior characteristic for each fuel model. 5. Display costs of suppressing wildfires. 6. Define the Desired Future Condition(DFC). 7. Evaluate alternatives combining information from methods 1-7, improving forest health by moving vegetation toward the DFC. 6 General Assumptions Congress will continue to support the Wildland Fire Use concept and the use of management ignited fire. A continued decision not to use management ignited fire as a tool, within the project area. Since the Forest does not have a Wildland Fire Use program, estimated costs were developed from prescribed fire modules and personnel costs: The number of personnel committed to monitor a natural ignition: Class A - one GS-6 Asst. module leader, and one GS-5 crew member Class B - one GS-6 Asst. module leader, and three GS-5 crew members Class C - one seven-person module. Duration of fires is as follows: Class A – 3 days Class B – 7 days Class C – 14 days. Daily monitoring costs are based on 12-hour shifts, 8 regular hours, 4 overtime hours and 12 hours of hazard duty pay. Due to the limited
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