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Role of Symbiotic Bacteria on Life History Traits of Freshwater Crustacean, Daphnia Magna
Title Role of symbiotic bacteria on life history traits of freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna Author(s) Peerakietkhajorn, Saranya Citation Issue Date Text Version ETD URL https://doi.org/10.18910/54011 DOI 10.18910/54011 rights Note Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Osaka University Doctoral Dissertation Role of symbiotic bacteria on life history traits of freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna Saranya Peerakietkhajorn June 2015 Department of Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 1 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 5 1.1 Biology of Daphnia 6 1.2 Daphnia in bioenvironmental sciences 10 1.3 Molecular genetics of Daphnia 10 1.4 Symbiosis 11 1.5 Objective of this study 14 Chapter 2 Role of symbiotic bacteria on life history traits of D. magna and bacterial community composition 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Material and Methods 2.2.1 Daphnia strain and culture condition 16 2.2.2 Axenic Chlorella 17 2.2.3 Preparation of aposymbiotic juvenile Daphnia 17 2.2.4 Bacteria-free culture of aposymbiotic Daphnia 18 2.2.5 Determination of longevity of Daphnia 18 2.2.6 Re-infection by co-culture with symbiotic Daphnia 18 2.2.7 Re-infection by dipping in Daphnia extracts 18 2.2.8 DNA extraction 19 2.2.9 Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) 19 2.2.10 Sequencing 20 2.2.11 Statistical analyse 20 2.3 Results 2 2.3.1 Generation of aposymbiotic Daphnia 20 2.3.2 Longevity of aposymbiotic Daphnia 22 2.3.3 Population dynamics of aposymbiotic Daphnia 23 2.3.4 Recovery of fecundity of aposymbiotic Daphnia by re-infection 23 2.3.5 Sequencing of symbiotic bacteria 26 2.4 Discussion 30 2.5 Summary 32 Chapter 3 Role of Limnohabitans, a dominant bacterium on D. -
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Ceratomyxa Batam N. Sp. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) Infecting the Gallbladder of Th
Parasitology Research (2019) 118:1647–1651 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06217-w FISH PARASITOLOGY - SHORT COMMUNICATION Morphological and molecular characterization of Ceratomyxa batam n. sp. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) infecting the gallbladder of the cultured Trachinotus ovatus (Perciformes: Carangidae) in Batam Island, Indonesia Ying Qiao1 & Yanxiang Shao1 & Theerakamol Pengsakul 2 & Chao Chen1 & Shuli Zheng3 & Weijian Wu3 & Tonny Budhi Hardjo3 Received: 5 September 2017 /Accepted: 17 January 2019 /Published online: 23 March 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract A new coelozoic myxozoan species, Ceratomyxa batam n. sp., was identified in cultured carangid fish, Trachinotus ovatus (Perciformes: Carangidae), in waters off Batam Island of Indonesia. The bi- and trivalved spores were observed in the gallbladder of T. ovatus. Mature bivalved spores of C. batam n. sp. were transversely elongated and narrowly crescent in shape, 3.8 ± 0.36 (2.7–4.6) μm long and 19.2 ± 1.75 (16.2–22.0) μm thick. Two sub-spherical polar capsules were 2.3 ± 0.18 (2.0–2.8) μmlong and 2.6 ± 0.16 (2.3–2.9) μm wide. Prevalence was 72.2% in 72 examined T. ovatus according to evaluations dating from November 2016. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on small subunit rDNA sequence showed similarity with Ceratomyxa robertsthomsoni and Ceratomyxa thalassomae found in Australia. This is the first report of Ceratomyxa species identified in a seawater fish at Batam Island, Indonesia. Keywords Ceratomyxa Batam n. sp. Characterization . Parasite . Gallbladder . Trachinotus ovatus Introduction Cryptocaryonidae) (Dan et al. 2006), Paradeontacylix mcintosh (Trematoda: Sanguinicolidae), Benedenia diesing The Carangid fish ovate pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)isthe (Monogenea: Capsalidae), and Trichodibna ehrenberg most successfully cultured marine fish in the world. -
Assessing Myxozoan Presence and Diversity with Environmental DNA
*Manuscript Click here to view linked References Assessing myxozoan presence and diversity with environmental DNA Hanna Hartikainen1,2,3*, David Bass3,4, Andrew G. Briscoe3, Hazel Knipe3,5, Andy J. Green6, Beth 5 Okamura3 1 Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland 2 Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, 10 UK 4 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK 5 Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK 15 6Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain *Corresponding author: Hanna Hartikainen; Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, Duebendorf, Switzerland; phone: +41 58 765 5446; [email protected] 20 Note: Supplementary data associated with this article Abstract Amplicon sequencing on a High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) platform (custom barcoding) was used to detect and characterise myxosporean communities in environmental DNA samples from 25 marine and freshwater environments and in faeces of animals that may serve as hosts or whose prey may host myxosporean infections. A diversity of myxozoans in filtered water samples and in faeces of piscivores (otters and great cormorants) was detected, demonstrating the suitability of lineage specific amplicons for characterising otherwise difficult to sample parasite communities. The importance of using the approach was highlighted by the lack of myxosporean detection using 30 commonly employed, broadly-targeted eukaryote primers. These results suggest that, despite being frequently present in eDNA samples, myxozoans have been generally overlooked in ‘eukaryote- wide’ surveys. -
Lobster Diseases
HELGOL~NDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN Helgol~inder Meeresunters. 37, 243-254 (1984) Lobster diseases J. E. Stewart Fisheries Research Branch, Department of Fisheries and Oceans; P.O.Box 550, Hallfax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2S7 ABSTRACT: A number of diseases affecting lobsters (shell disease, fungal infections and a few selected parasitic occurrences} are described and have been discussed briefly. The bacterial disease, gaffkemia, is described in more detail and used insofar as possible to illustrate the interaction of a pathogen with a vulnerable crustacean host. Emphasis has been placed on the holistic approach stressing the capacity of lobsters and other crustaceans to cope with disease through flexible defense mechanisms, including on occasion the development of resistance. INTRODUCTION Although lobsters in their natural environments and in captivity are exposed to a wide range of microorganisms the list of diseases to which they are recorded as being subject is not lengthy. The list, however, will undoubtedly lengthen as studies on the lobsters continue and in particular as attempts to culture lobsters proceed. Lobsters in keeping with other large and long lived crustaceans appear to be reasonably equipped to deal with most infectious agents. They possess a continuous sheath of chitinous shell or membranous covering composed of several different layers more or less impervious to normal wear and tear. In addition, once this barrier is breached a battery of intrinsic defenses is available to confine or destroy disease agents. These include rapid formation of a firm non-retracting hemolymph clot, bactericidins, agglutinins, phagocytic capacity or encapsulation and melanization. All of these serve the lobsters well until the animals are faced with an infectious agent which through circumstance or unique capabilities is able to overcome these defenses. -
Survival of Miamiensis Avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) from Antibody-Dependent Complement Killing
www.ksfp.org 한국어병학회지 제28권 제3호 (2015) pISSN 1226-0819, eISSN 2233-5412 J. Fish Pathol., 28(3) : 171~174 http://dx.doi.org/10.7847/jfp.2015.28.3.171 Note Survival of Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) from antibody-dependent complement killing Eun Hye Lee1, Yue Jai Kang2 and Ki Hong Kim3† 1Imported Food Analysis Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Busan Regional Office, Busan 48562, South Korea 2Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Sciences, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, South Korea 3Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea Previously, we had reported that some Miamiensis avidus, a major pathogen of scuticociliatosis in cultured olive flounder, strongly agglutinated by flounder immune sera could escape from the agglutinated mass within a few hours. In the present study, we observed that M. avidus not only escaped from the agglutinated mass but also conducted division(s) before shedding its old covering. Furthermore, ciliates that survived the antibody-dependent complement killing (ADCK) assay were not killed even when re-exposed to a freshly prepared ADCK assay. This result suggests that the liberated ciliates from the ADCK assay might change not only their i-antigen types but also the epitopes of major surface antigens, which debilitate antibody-mediated complement killing ability. Key words: Miamiensis avidus, Agglutination, Antibody-dependent complement killing, Division, Survival A protein called immobilization antigen (i-antigen) is a facultative parasitic ciliate and has been a culprit is known as the major protein covering ciliates sur- of mass mortalities in cultured marine fish, such as face including cilia. -
Cefas PANDA Report
Project no. SSPE-CT-2003-502329 PANDA Permanent network to strengthen expertise on infectious diseases of aquaculture species and scientific advice to EU policy Coordination Action, Scientific support to policies WP4: Report on the current best methods for rapid and accurate detection of the main disease hazards in aquaculture, requirements for improvement, their eventual standardisation and validation, and how to achieve harmonised implementation throughout Europe of the best diagnostic methods Olga Haenen*, Inger Dalsgaard, Jean-Robert Bonami, Jean-Pierre Joly, Niels Olesen, Britt Bang Jensen, Ellen Ariel, Laurence Miossec and Isabelle Arzul Work package leader & corresponding author: Dr Olga Haenen, CIDC-Lelystad, NL ([email protected]) PANDA co-ordinator: Dr Barry Hill, CEFAS, UK; www.europanda.net © PANDA, 2007 Cover image: Koi with Koi Herpes Virus Disease: enophthalmia and gill necrosis (M.Engelsma acknowl.) Contents Executive summary 5 Section 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Description of work 7 1.2 Deliverables 8 1.3 Milestones and expected results 9 1.4 Structure of the report and how to use it 9 1.5 General remarks and links with other WPs of PANDA 9 Section 2 Materials and methods 10 2.1 Task force 10 2.2 Network 10 2.3 Workshops and dissemination 10 2.4 Analysis of data 10 2.5 Why harmonization throughout Europe background and aim 11 2.6. CRL functions 11 Section 3 Results 12 3.1 Task force 12 3.2 Network 12 3.3 Workshops and dissemination 12 3.4 Analysis of data 14 Diseases/pathogens of fish 14 3.4.1 Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis -
Pre-Exposure to Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus Or to Inactivated White Spot Syndrome Virus
Journal of Fish Diseases 2006, 29, 589–600 Pre-exposure to infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus or to inactivated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) confers protection against WSSV in Penaeus vannamei (Boone) post-larvae J Melena1,4, B Bayot1, I Betancourt1, Y Amano2, F Panchana1, V Alday3, J Caldern1, S Stern1, Ph Roch4 and J-R Bonami4 1 Fundacio´n CENAIM-ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador 2 Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Leopoldo Izquieta Pe´rez, Guayaquil, Ecuador 3 INVE TECHNOLOGIES nv, Dendermonde, Belgium 4 Pathogens and Immunity, EcoLag, Universite´ Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France delayed mortality. This evidence suggests a pro- Abstract tective role of IHHNV as an interfering virus, while Larvae and post-larvae of Penaeus vannamei protection obtained by inactivated WSSV might (Boone) were submitted to primary challenge with result from non-specific antiviral immune response. infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis Keywords: infectious hypodermal and haemato- virus (IHHNV) or formalin-inactivated white spot poietic necrosis virus, Penaeus vannamei, viral syndrome virus (WSSV). Survival rate and viral co-infection, viral inactivation, viral interference, load were evaluated after secondary per os challenge white spot syndrome virus. with WSSV at post-larval stage 45 (PL45). Only shrimp treated with inactivated WSSV at PL35 or with IHHNV infection at nauplius 5, zoea 1 and Introduction PL22 were alive (4.7% and 4%, respectively) at Viral diseases have led to severe mortalities of 10 days post-infection (p.i.). Moreover, at 9 days cultured penaeid shrimp all over the world (Flegel p.i. there was 100% mortality in all remaining 1997; Lightner 1999). -
Enhanced Cellular Immunity in Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) After ‘Vaccination’
Enhanced Cellular Immunity in Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after ‘Vaccination’ Edward C. Pope1., Adam Powell1., Emily C. Roberts1, Robin J. Shields1, Robin Wardle2, Andrew F. Rowley1* 1 Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 2 Intervet/Schering – Plough Animal Health (Aquaculture), Aquaculture Centre, Saffron Walden, United Kingdom Abstract It has long been viewed that invertebrates rely exclusively upon a wide variety of innate mechanisms for protection from disease and parasite invasion and lack any specific acquired immune mechanisms comparable to those of vertebrates. Recent findings, however, suggest certain invertebrates may be able to mount some form of specific immunity, termed ‘specific immune priming’, although the mechanism of this is not fully understood (see Textbox S1). In our initial experiments, either formalin-inactivated Vibrio harveyi or sterile saline were injected into the main body cavity (haemocoel) of juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Haemocytes (blood cells) from V. harveyi-injected shrimp were collected 7 days later and incubated with a 1:1 mix of V. harveyi and an unrelated Gram positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. Haemocytes from ‘vaccinated’ shrimp showed elevated levels of phagocytosis of V. harveyi, but not B. subtilis, compared with those from saline-injected (non-immunised) animals. The increased phagocytic activity was characterised by a significant increase in the percentage of phagocytic cells. When shrimp were injected with B. subtilis rather than vibrio, there was no significant increase in the phagocytic activity of haemocytes from these animals in comparison to the non-immunised (saline injected) controls. Whole haemolymph (blood) from either ‘immunised’ or non-immunised’ shrimp was shown to display innate humoral antibacterial activity against V. -
Disease of Aquatic Organisms 100:89
Vol. 100: 89–93, 2012 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published August 27 doi: 10.3354/dao02510 Dis Aquat Org OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS INTRODUCTION Disease effects on lobster fisheries, ecology, and culture: overview of DAO Special 6 Donald C. Behringer1,2,*, Mark J. Butler IV3, Grant D. Stentiford4 1Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32653, USA 2Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA 3Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA 4European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK ABSTRACT: Lobsters are prized by commercial and recreational fishermen worldwide, and their populations are therefore buffeted by fishery practices. But lobsters also remain integral members of their benthic communities where predator−prey relationships, competitive interactions, and host−pathogen dynamics push and pull at their population dynamics. Although lobsters have few reported pathogens and parasites relative to other decapod crustaceans, the rise of diseases with consequences for lobster fisheries and aquaculture has spotlighted the importance of disease for lobster biology, population dynamics and ecology. Researchers, managers, and fishers thus increasingly recognize the need to understand lobster pathogens and parasites so they can be managed proactively and their impacts minimized where possible. At the 2011 International Con- ference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management a special session on lobster diseases was convened and this special issue of Diseases of Aquatic Organisms highlights those proceed- ings with a suite of articles focused on diseases discussed during that session. -
Disease of Aquatic Organisms 86:163
Vol. 86: 163–167, 2009 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published September 23 doi: 10.3354/dao02113 Dis Aquat Org NOTE DNA identification of ciliates associated with disease outbreaks in a New Zealand marine fish hatchery 1, 1 1 1 2 P. J. Smith *, S. M. McVeagh , D. Hulston , S. A. Anderson , Y. Gublin 1National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand 2NIWA, Station Road, Ruakaka, Northland 0166, New Zealand ABSTRACT: Ciliates associated with fish mortalities in a New Zealand hatchery were identified by DNA sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). Tissue samples were taken from lesions and gill tissues on freshly dead juvenile groper, brain tissue from adult kingfish, and from ciliate cultures and rotifers derived from fish mortality events between January 2007 and March 2009. Different mortality events were characterized by either of 2 ciliate species, Uronema marinum and Miamiensis avidus. A third ciliate, Mesanophrys carcini, was identified in rotifers used as food for fish larvae. Sequencing part of the SSU rRNA provided a rapid tool for the identification and mon- itoring of scuticociliates in the hatchery and allowed the first identification of these species in farmed fish in New Zealand. KEY WORDS: Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene · Scuticociliatosis · Uronema marinum · Miamiensis avidus · Mesanophrys carcini · Groper · Polyprion oxygeneios · Kingfish · Seriola lalandi Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION of ciliate pathogens in fin-fish farms (Kim et al. 2004a,b, Jung et al. 2007) and in crustacea (Ragan et The scuticociliates are major pathogens in marine al. -
Disease of Aquatic Organisms 70:261
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 70: 261–279, 2006 Published June 23 Dis Aquat Org COMBINED AUTHOR AND TITLE INDEX (Volumes 61 to 70, 2004–2006) A Antoniadou C, see Rayyan A et al. (2006) 70:251–254 Aoki M, Kondo M, Kawai K, Oshima SI (2005) Experimental Aas-Eng A, see Shivappa RB et al. (2004) 61:23–32 bath infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum, indu- Abollo E, Novoa B, Figueras A (2005) SSU rDNA analysis of cing typical signs of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Kudoa rosenbuschi (Myxosporea) from the Argentinean fry syndrome. 67:73–79 hake Merluccius hubbsi. 64:135–139 Aoki T, see Supungul P et al. (2004) 61:123–135 Abraham M, see Azad IS et al. (2005) 63:113–118 Aragort W, Alvarez MF, Leiro JL, Sanmartín ML (2005) Blood Adams A, see McCarthy Ú et al. (2005) 64:107–119 protozoans in elasmobranchs of the family Rajidae from Adams A, see Morris DJ et al. (2005) 66:221–226 Galicia (NW Spain). 65:63–68 Adams AM, see Golléty C et al. (2005) 65:69–74 Aragort W, see Álvarez MF et al. (2006) 70:93–100 Adams MB, see Morrison RN et al. (2005) 66:135–144 Arana S, see Adriano EA et al. (2005) 64:229–235 Adriano EA, Arana S, Cordeiro NS (2005) Histology, ultra- Aranguren F, see Nunan LM et al. (2004) 62:255–264 structure and prevalence of Henneguya piaractus (Myx- Archakunakorn S, see Sritunyalucksana K et al. (2005) 63: osporea) infecting the gills of Piaractus mesopotamicus 89–94 (Characidae) cultivated in Brazil. -
D070p001.Pdf
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 70: 1–36, 2006 Published June 12 Dis Aquat Org OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS FEATURE ARTICLE: REVIEW Guide to the identification of fish protozoan and metazoan parasites in stained tissue sections D. W. Bruno1,*, B. Nowak2, D. G. Elliott3 1FRS Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK 2School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, CRC Aquafin, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia 3Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey/Biological Resources Discipline, 6505 N.E. 65th Street, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA ABSTRACT: The identification of protozoan and metazoan parasites is traditionally carried out using a series of classical keys based upon the morphology of the whole organism. However, in stained tis- sue sections prepared for light microscopy, taxonomic features will be missing, thus making parasite identification difficult. This work highlights the characteristic features of representative parasites in tissue sections to aid identification. The parasite examples discussed are derived from species af- fecting finfish, and predominantly include parasites associated with disease or those commonly observed as incidental findings in disease diagnostic cases. Emphasis is on protozoan and small metazoan parasites (such as Myxosporidia) because these are the organisms most likely to be missed or mis-diagnosed during gross examination. Figures are presented in colour to assist biologists and veterinarians who are required to assess host/parasite interactions by light microscopy. KEY WORDS: Identification · Light microscopy · Metazoa · Protozoa · Staining · Tissue sections Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION identifying the type of epithelial cells that compose the intestine.