DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Lactic Acid Bacteria Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of Lactic Acid Bacteria Pdf History of lactic acid bacteria pdf Continue This article needs additional quotes to verify. Please help improve this article by adding quotes to reliable sources. Non-sources of materials can be challenged and removed. Find sources: Lactic acid bacteria - News newspaper book scientist JSTOR (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this pattern message) Lactic acid bacteria Lesions Waisella confucia in monkey mona (hematoxyline and eosine spot): A) liver: portal triad with neutrophil infiltration (x10); A1, the presence of bacterial embolism inside the vein (arrow) (x40). B) Acute pneumonia: swelling, congestion and exudation of white blood cells in pulmonary alveoli (x10). C) Encephalitis: congestion and marginalized neutrophils in nerve vessels (x10) Scientific classification Domain: Bacteria Filum: Firmicutes Class: Bacillus Order: Lactobacillales Family Aerococcaceae Carnobacteriaceae Enterococo Lactobacillaceae Leuconostocaceae Streptococcaceae Genera incertae sedis Aerosphaera Carnococcus Chungangia Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an order of gram-positive, low-GC, acid-resistant, usually without arguing, non-dominant, or rod-shaped (bacillus), or spherical (smoked) bacteria that have common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually in decomposing plants and dairy products, produce lactic acid as the main metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. This trait, throughout history, has linked LAB to food fermentation as acidification inhibits the growth of agent corruption. Protein bacteriokins are produced by several strains of LAB and are an additional obstacle to corruption and pathogens. In addition, lactic acid and other metabolic products promote the organoleptic and textural profile of the food. The industrial importance of LAB once again demonstrates their accepted status as safe (GRAS) in connection with their ubiquitous appearance in food and their contribution to the healthy microbiota of animals and human mucous surfaces. The births that make up LAB are at its core Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, as well as the more peripheral Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Spoactobacillus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus; they belong to the order of Lactobacillales. Characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are either rod-shaped (bacilli), or spherical (cocci), and are characterized by increased tolerance to acidity (low pH range). This aspect helps LAB outcompete other bacteria in natural fermentation, as they can withstand increased acidity from organic acid production (e.g., lactic acid). Laboratory media used for LAB tend to include a source of carbohydrates, as most species are incapable of LAB are catalase-negative. LAB are one of the most important groups of groups used in the food industry. Their relatively simple metabolism also prompted them to use microbial cell factories to produce several products for the food and non-food sectors. In conditions of excess glucose and limited amount of oxygen, the homolaxic LAB catabolizes one glucose mole in the embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway to give two moles of pyruwata. The intracellular balance of redox is maintained by the oxidation of NADH, concomitantally reducing pyruvat to lactic acid. This process gives two ATF moles per mole glucose consumed. Representative homolactic LAB lab technicians include Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, and I lactobacilli (heterofermentative LAB) use pentose phosphate pathway, alternatively called pentose phosphate. One mole of glucose-6-phosphate is initially dehydrogenic to 6-phosphate and then decarboxylated to give out one mole CO2. The resulting pentosis-5-phosphate is broken down into one phosphate of glyceraldehyde (GAP) and one phosphate of mole acetyl. GAP is further metabolized for lactate, as in homo-fermented, with acetyl phosphate reduced to ethanol through acetyl coA and acetaldehyde intermediate. Theoretically, end products (including ATP) are produced in equal amounts from the catabolism of a single glucose mole. Mandatory heteroferentative LAB include Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Weissella and Group III lactobacilli (streptococcus) reclassified streptococcus In 1985, representatives of the diverse genus Streptococcus were reclassified in Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Vagococcus and Streptococcus based on biochemical characteristics. Previously, streptococcus was segregated mainly on the basis of serology, which, as it turned out, correlates well with the current taxonomic definitions. Lactococci (formerly Lancefield Group N Streptococcus) is widely used as a fermentation snack in dairy production, with people estimated to consume 1,018 lactocchi per year. Partly because of their industrial significance, L. l. lactis subspecies (L. l. lactis and L. l. cremoris) are widely used as common LAB models for research. L. lactis ssp. cremoris, used in the production of hard cheeses, is represented by laboratory strains LM0230 and MG1363. Similarly, L. lactis ssp. lactis is used in soft cheese fermentation, with the IL1403 workhorse strain ubiquitous in LAB research laboratories. In 2001, Bolotin et al. sequenced the IL1403 genome, which coincided with a significant shift in resources to understand LAB genomics and related applications. The Phylogeny Adopted now taxonomic is based on the list of prokaryotic names with standing in the nomenclature, and phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP 106 on the project All kinds of living wood. Lactobacillales Aerosphaera taetra ♠ Hutson and Collins 2000 Carnococcus allantoicus ♠ Tanner et al. 1995 Aerococcaceae Granulicatella Collins and Lawson 2000 Atopobacter phocae Lawson et al. 2000 Bavariicoccus Schmidt et al. 2009 Trichococcus Scheff et al 1984 emend. Liu et al 2002 Lactobacillus algidus Kato et al. 2000 Lactobacillus Species Group 1 Lactobacillus Species Group 2 Beijerinck 1901 emend. Cai et al. 2012 Leuconostocaceae Lactobacillus Species Group 3 Lactobacillus Species Group 4 Lactobacillus Species Group 5 Lactobacillus Species Group 6 Pediococcus Claussen 1903 Lactobacillus Species Group 7 Carnobacterium et Collins al. 1987 Isobaculum Melis Collins et al 2002 Carnobacteriaceae 2 (including various Carnobacterium sp.) Desemzia (Steinhaus 1941) Stackebrandt et al. 1999 Enterococcaceae and Streptococcaceae (continued) Lactobacillales part 2 (continued) Lactobacillales part 2 Vagococcus fessus Hoyles et al. 2000 Vagococ Collinscus et al. 1990 Catellicoccus marimammalium Lawson et al. 2006 Enterococcus Types Group 1 (former Thiercelin and Jouhaud 1903) Schleifer and Kilpper-Bulz 1984 Enterococcus phoeniculicola Law-Brown and Meyers 2003 Enteroc Group 2 Species Inc. Melissaocococcus (Tetragenococcus) Enterococcus Species Group 3 Enterococcus Species Group 4 Enterococcus raffinosus Collins et al. 1989 Enterococcus avium (exlan and Deibel 1967) Collins et al. 1984 Enterococcus pallens Tyrrell et al. 2002 Enterococcus hermanniensis Koort et al. 2004 Pilibacter Higashiguchi et al. 2006 Streptococcaceae Notes : ♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, but not listed in the list of prokaryotic names with standing in the range of bacteriophages A large number of food, commercial chemicals and biotechnology products are produced by industrial large-scale bacterial fermentation of various organic substrates. Since huge amounts of bacteria are cultivated every day in large vats of fermentation, the risk that bacteriophage pollution quickly brings fermentation to a halt and cause economic failure is a serious threat in these industries. The relationship between bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts is very important in the context of the food fermentation industry. Sources of fage pollution, to monitor their proliferation and distribution, as well as biotechnological defence strategies designed to deter phages, is of interest. The dairy fermentation industry has openly recognized the problem of fah pollution and for decades has been working with academia and companies that are developing culture to develop defence strategies and systems to limit the spread and evolution of phages. Bacteriophage-host interaction The first contact between infecting the phage and its bacterial host is attaching phages to the host cell. This attachment is mediated by the receptor-binding protein Phage (RBP), which recognizes and binds to the receptor on the bacterial surface. RBPs are also referred to as host protein specificity, host determinants, and antireceptor. For simplicity, the term RBP will be used here. A variety of molecules have been suggested to act as host receptors for bacteriophages infecting LAB; among them are polysaccharides and (lipo)teichoy acids, as well as protein with one membrane. Several LAB PHAs were identified by a generation of hybrid phases with modified host ranges. These studies, however, also found additional phage proteins to be important for a successful phage infection. Analysis of the crystalline structure of several RBPs shows that these proteins have a total tertiary folding, and support previous signs of the saccharide nature of the host receptor. The GRAM-positive LAB has a thick layer of peptidoglican that must be passed to inject the phage genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. Peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes are expected to facilitate this penetration, and such enzymes have been found as structural elements of a number of LAB. Probiotics Probiotics are products aimed at delivering live, potentially beneficial, bacterial cells to the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Role of Symbiotic Bacteria on Life History Traits of Freshwater Crustacean, Daphnia Magna
    Title Role of symbiotic bacteria on life history traits of freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna Author(s) Peerakietkhajorn, Saranya Citation Issue Date Text Version ETD URL https://doi.org/10.18910/54011 DOI 10.18910/54011 rights Note Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Osaka University Doctoral Dissertation Role of symbiotic bacteria on life history traits of freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna Saranya Peerakietkhajorn June 2015 Department of Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 1 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 5 1.1 Biology of Daphnia 6 1.2 Daphnia in bioenvironmental sciences 10 1.3 Molecular genetics of Daphnia 10 1.4 Symbiosis 11 1.5 Objective of this study 14 Chapter 2 Role of symbiotic bacteria on life history traits of D. magna and bacterial community composition 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Material and Methods 2.2.1 Daphnia strain and culture condition 16 2.2.2 Axenic Chlorella 17 2.2.3 Preparation of aposymbiotic juvenile Daphnia 17 2.2.4 Bacteria-free culture of aposymbiotic Daphnia 18 2.2.5 Determination of longevity of Daphnia 18 2.2.6 Re-infection by co-culture with symbiotic Daphnia 18 2.2.7 Re-infection by dipping in Daphnia extracts 18 2.2.8 DNA extraction 19 2.2.9 Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) 19 2.2.10 Sequencing 20 2.2.11 Statistical analyse 20 2.3 Results 2 2.3.1 Generation of aposymbiotic Daphnia 20 2.3.2 Longevity of aposymbiotic Daphnia 22 2.3.3 Population dynamics of aposymbiotic Daphnia 23 2.3.4 Recovery of fecundity of aposymbiotic Daphnia by re-infection 23 2.3.5 Sequencing of symbiotic bacteria 26 2.4 Discussion 30 2.5 Summary 32 Chapter 3 Role of Limnohabitans, a dominant bacterium on D.
    [Show full text]
  • Lobster Diseases
    HELGOL~NDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN Helgol~inder Meeresunters. 37, 243-254 (1984) Lobster diseases J. E. Stewart Fisheries Research Branch, Department of Fisheries and Oceans; P.O.Box 550, Hallfax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2S7 ABSTRACT: A number of diseases affecting lobsters (shell disease, fungal infections and a few selected parasitic occurrences} are described and have been discussed briefly. The bacterial disease, gaffkemia, is described in more detail and used insofar as possible to illustrate the interaction of a pathogen with a vulnerable crustacean host. Emphasis has been placed on the holistic approach stressing the capacity of lobsters and other crustaceans to cope with disease through flexible defense mechanisms, including on occasion the development of resistance. INTRODUCTION Although lobsters in their natural environments and in captivity are exposed to a wide range of microorganisms the list of diseases to which they are recorded as being subject is not lengthy. The list, however, will undoubtedly lengthen as studies on the lobsters continue and in particular as attempts to culture lobsters proceed. Lobsters in keeping with other large and long lived crustaceans appear to be reasonably equipped to deal with most infectious agents. They possess a continuous sheath of chitinous shell or membranous covering composed of several different layers more or less impervious to normal wear and tear. In addition, once this barrier is breached a battery of intrinsic defenses is available to confine or destroy disease agents. These include rapid formation of a firm non-retracting hemolymph clot, bactericidins, agglutinins, phagocytic capacity or encapsulation and melanization. All of these serve the lobsters well until the animals are faced with an infectious agent which through circumstance or unique capabilities is able to overcome these defenses.
    [Show full text]
  • Cefas PANDA Report
    Project no. SSPE-CT-2003-502329 PANDA Permanent network to strengthen expertise on infectious diseases of aquaculture species and scientific advice to EU policy Coordination Action, Scientific support to policies WP4: Report on the current best methods for rapid and accurate detection of the main disease hazards in aquaculture, requirements for improvement, their eventual standardisation and validation, and how to achieve harmonised implementation throughout Europe of the best diagnostic methods Olga Haenen*, Inger Dalsgaard, Jean-Robert Bonami, Jean-Pierre Joly, Niels Olesen, Britt Bang Jensen, Ellen Ariel, Laurence Miossec and Isabelle Arzul Work package leader & corresponding author: Dr Olga Haenen, CIDC-Lelystad, NL ([email protected]) PANDA co-ordinator: Dr Barry Hill, CEFAS, UK; www.europanda.net © PANDA, 2007 Cover image: Koi with Koi Herpes Virus Disease: enophthalmia and gill necrosis (M.Engelsma acknowl.) Contents Executive summary 5 Section 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Description of work 7 1.2 Deliverables 8 1.3 Milestones and expected results 9 1.4 Structure of the report and how to use it 9 1.5 General remarks and links with other WPs of PANDA 9 Section 2 Materials and methods 10 2.1 Task force 10 2.2 Network 10 2.3 Workshops and dissemination 10 2.4 Analysis of data 10 2.5 Why harmonization throughout Europe background and aim 11 2.6. CRL functions 11 Section 3 Results 12 3.1 Task force 12 3.2 Network 12 3.3 Workshops and dissemination 12 3.4 Analysis of data 14 Diseases/pathogens of fish 14 3.4.1 Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Exposure to Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus Or to Inactivated White Spot Syndrome Virus
    Journal of Fish Diseases 2006, 29, 589–600 Pre-exposure to infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus or to inactivated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) confers protection against WSSV in Penaeus vannamei (Boone) post-larvae J Melena1,4, B Bayot1, I Betancourt1, Y Amano2, F Panchana1, V Alday3, J Caldern1, S Stern1, Ph Roch4 and J-R Bonami4 1 Fundacio´n CENAIM-ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador 2 Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Leopoldo Izquieta Pe´rez, Guayaquil, Ecuador 3 INVE TECHNOLOGIES nv, Dendermonde, Belgium 4 Pathogens and Immunity, EcoLag, Universite´ Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France delayed mortality. This evidence suggests a pro- Abstract tective role of IHHNV as an interfering virus, while Larvae and post-larvae of Penaeus vannamei protection obtained by inactivated WSSV might (Boone) were submitted to primary challenge with result from non-specific antiviral immune response. infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis Keywords: infectious hypodermal and haemato- virus (IHHNV) or formalin-inactivated white spot poietic necrosis virus, Penaeus vannamei, viral syndrome virus (WSSV). Survival rate and viral co-infection, viral inactivation, viral interference, load were evaluated after secondary per os challenge white spot syndrome virus. with WSSV at post-larval stage 45 (PL45). Only shrimp treated with inactivated WSSV at PL35 or with IHHNV infection at nauplius 5, zoea 1 and Introduction PL22 were alive (4.7% and 4%, respectively) at Viral diseases have led to severe mortalities of 10 days post-infection (p.i.). Moreover, at 9 days cultured penaeid shrimp all over the world (Flegel p.i. there was 100% mortality in all remaining 1997; Lightner 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Cellular Immunity in Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) After ‘Vaccination’
    Enhanced Cellular Immunity in Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after ‘Vaccination’ Edward C. Pope1., Adam Powell1., Emily C. Roberts1, Robin J. Shields1, Robin Wardle2, Andrew F. Rowley1* 1 Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 2 Intervet/Schering – Plough Animal Health (Aquaculture), Aquaculture Centre, Saffron Walden, United Kingdom Abstract It has long been viewed that invertebrates rely exclusively upon a wide variety of innate mechanisms for protection from disease and parasite invasion and lack any specific acquired immune mechanisms comparable to those of vertebrates. Recent findings, however, suggest certain invertebrates may be able to mount some form of specific immunity, termed ‘specific immune priming’, although the mechanism of this is not fully understood (see Textbox S1). In our initial experiments, either formalin-inactivated Vibrio harveyi or sterile saline were injected into the main body cavity (haemocoel) of juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Haemocytes (blood cells) from V. harveyi-injected shrimp were collected 7 days later and incubated with a 1:1 mix of V. harveyi and an unrelated Gram positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. Haemocytes from ‘vaccinated’ shrimp showed elevated levels of phagocytosis of V. harveyi, but not B. subtilis, compared with those from saline-injected (non-immunised) animals. The increased phagocytic activity was characterised by a significant increase in the percentage of phagocytic cells. When shrimp were injected with B. subtilis rather than vibrio, there was no significant increase in the phagocytic activity of haemocytes from these animals in comparison to the non-immunised (saline injected) controls. Whole haemolymph (blood) from either ‘immunised’ or non-immunised’ shrimp was shown to display innate humoral antibacterial activity against V.
    [Show full text]
  • Disease of Aquatic Organisms 100:89
    Vol. 100: 89–93, 2012 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published August 27 doi: 10.3354/dao02510 Dis Aquat Org OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS INTRODUCTION Disease effects on lobster fisheries, ecology, and culture: overview of DAO Special 6 Donald C. Behringer1,2,*, Mark J. Butler IV3, Grant D. Stentiford4 1Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32653, USA 2Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA 3Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA 4European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK ABSTRACT: Lobsters are prized by commercial and recreational fishermen worldwide, and their populations are therefore buffeted by fishery practices. But lobsters also remain integral members of their benthic communities where predator−prey relationships, competitive interactions, and host−pathogen dynamics push and pull at their population dynamics. Although lobsters have few reported pathogens and parasites relative to other decapod crustaceans, the rise of diseases with consequences for lobster fisheries and aquaculture has spotlighted the importance of disease for lobster biology, population dynamics and ecology. Researchers, managers, and fishers thus increasingly recognize the need to understand lobster pathogens and parasites so they can be managed proactively and their impacts minimized where possible. At the 2011 International Con- ference and Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management a special session on lobster diseases was convened and this special issue of Diseases of Aquatic Organisms highlights those proceed- ings with a suite of articles focused on diseases discussed during that session.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasites and Marine Invasions: Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Electronic Publication Information Center SEARES-01422; No of Pages 16 Journal of Sea Research xxx (2016) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Sea Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/seares Parasites and marine invasions: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives M. Anouk Goedknegt a,⁎, Marieke E. Feis b, K. Mathias Wegner b, Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen a,c, Christian Buschbaum b, Kees (C. J.) Camphuysen a, Jaap van der Meer a,d, David W. Thieltges a,c a Marine Ecology Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), P.O. Box 59, Den Burg, 1790 AB Texel, The Netherlands b Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992 List auf Sylt, Germany c Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands d Department of Animal Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: Worldwide, marine and coastal ecosystems are heavily invaded by introduced species and the potential role of Received 28 February 2015 parasites in the success and impact of marine invasions has been increasingly recognized. In this review, we Received in revised form 1 December 2015 link recent theoretical developments in invasion ecology with empirical studies from marine ecosystems in Accepted 7 December
    [Show full text]
  • A Histological Study of Shell Disease Syndrome in the Edible Crab Cancer Pagurus
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 47: 209–217, 2001 Published December 5 Dis Aquat Org A histological study of shell disease syndrome in the edible crab Cancer pagurus Claire L. Vogan, Carolina Costa-Ramos, Andrew F. Rowley* School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK ABSTRACT: Shell disease syndrome is characterised by the external manifestation of black spot lesions in the exoskeletons of crustaceans. In the present study, gills, hepatopancreas and hearts from healthy (<0.05% black spot coverage) and diseased (5 to 15% coverage) edible crabs, Cancer pagu- rus, were examined histologically to determine whether this disease can cause internal damage to such crabs. There was clear evidence of cuticular damage in the gills of diseased crabs leading to the formation of haemocyte plugs termed nodules. Nephrocytes found within the branchial septa of the gills showed an increase in the accumulation of dark material in their vacuoles in response to disease. In the hepatopancreas, various stages of tubular degradation were apparent that correlated with the severity of external disease. Similarly, there was a positive correlation between the number of viable bacteria in the haemolymph and the degree of shell disease severity. Approximately 21% of the haemolymph-isolated bacteria displayed chitinolytic activity. Overall, these findings suggest that shell disease syndrome should not be considered as a disease of the cuticle alone. Furthermore, it shows that in wild populations of crabs shell perforations may lead to limited septicaemia potentially resulting in damage of internal tissues. Whether such natural infections lead to significant fatalities in crabs is still uncertain.
    [Show full text]
  • Homarus Americanus H
    BioInvasions Records (2021) Volume 10, Issue 1: 170–180 CORRECTED PROOF Rapid Communication An American in the Aegean: first record of the American lobster Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 from the eastern Mediterranean Sea Thodoros E. Kampouris1,*, Georgios A. Gkafas2, Joanne Sarantopoulou2, Athanasios Exadactylos2 and Ioannis E. Batjakas1 1Marine Sciences Department, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, Lesvos Island, 81100, Greece 2Department of Ichthyology & Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytoko Street, Volos, 38 445, Greece Author e-mails: [email protected] (TEK), [email protected] (IEB), [email protected] (GAG), [email protected] (JS), [email protected] (AE) *Corresponding author Citation: Kampouris TE, Gkafas GA, Sarantopoulou J, Exadactylos A, Batjakas Abstract IE (2021) An American in the Aegean: first record of the American lobster A male Homarus americanus individual, commonly known as the American lobster, Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, was caught by artisanal fishermen at Chalkidiki Peninsula, Greece, north-west Aegean 1837 from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sea on 26 August 2019. The individual weighted 628.1 g and measured 96.7 mm in BioInvasions Records 10(1): 170–180, carapace length (CL) and 31.44 cm in total length (TL). The specimen was identified https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2021.10.1.18 by both morphological and molecular means. This is the species’ first record from Received: 7 June 2020 the eastern Mediterranean Sea and Greece, and only the second for the whole basin. Accepted: 16 October 2020 However, several hypotheses for potential introduction vectors are discussed, as Published: 21 December 2020 well as the potential implication to the regional lobster fishery.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography of the Lobsters, Genus Homarus
    A Bibliography of the Lobsters, Genus Homarus By R. D. LEWIS, Fishery Biologist Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575 ABSTRACT A total of 1,303 references are given. INTRODUCTION This bibliography was begun in the summer Andrews, New Brunswick; the Bureau of Com­ of 1964. It was mimeographed and distributed mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, West at a meeting of United States and Canadian Boothbay Harbor, Maine; and the Department scientists concerned with the biology of the of Interior Library and the Library of American lobster held on November 9-10, Congress, Washington, D.C. 1965, at the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Lists of references that I had overlooked Laboratory, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine. in the 1965 manuscript were provided by References in the 1965 manuscript were H. J. Thomas, Department of Agriculture and compiled from the original papers, their cita­ Fisheries for Scotland, Marine Laboratory, tions, and the bibliographies ofHerrick(1911), Aberdeen; D. G. Wilder, Fisheries Research Scattergood (1949), and Dawson (1954). The Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. present list also includes references from Andrews, New Brunswick; and R. J. Ghelardi, the bibliography of Bergeron (1965). Fisheries R esearch Board of Canada, Biologi­ About 80 percent of the references were cal Station, Nanamio, British Columbia. found in the library of the Marine Biological The library staffs of the Marine Bio­ Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass., and the logical L aboratory at Woods Hole and the rest at the libraries of the Fisheries Research Biological Station at St. Andrews assisted Board of Canada, Biological Station, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Generating Genomic Resources for Two Crustacean Species and Their Application to the Study of White Spot Disease
    Generating genomic resources for two crustacean species and their application to the study of White Spot Disease Submitted by Bas Verbruggen To the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences, September 2016 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ……………………………………(Bas Verbruggen) Abstract Over the last decades the crustacean aquaculture sector has been steadily growing, in order to meet global demands for its products. A major hurdle for further growth of the industry is the prevalence of viral disease epidemics that are facilitated by the intense culture conditions. A devastating virus impacting on the sector is the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), responsible for over US $ 10 billion in losses in shrimp production and trade. The Pathogenicity of WSSV is high, reaching 100 % mortality within 3-10 days in penaeid shrimps. In contrast, the European shore crab Carcinus maenas has been shown to be relatively resistant to WSSV. Uncovering the basis of this resistance could help inform on the development of strategies to mitigate the WSSV threat. C. maenas has been used widely in studies on ecotoxicology and host-pathogen interactions. However, like most aquatic crustaceans, the genomic resources available for this species are limited, impairing experimentation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Immune System: Conservation and Diversification
    Title The Evolution of the Immune System Conservation and Diversification Page left intentionally blank The Evolution of the Immune System Conservation and Diversification Davide Malagoli Department of Life Sciences Biology Building, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, United States 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek per- mission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein.
    [Show full text]