Characterisation of Genetic Diversity, Structure and Admixture of Dromedary Populations
Faisal Almathen Assistance Professor of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia Camelids Workshop [email protected] Outlines
• A brief history of dromedary camel
• Dromedary camel types
• Genetic diversity results
• Summary and future work
Characterisation of Genetic Diversity, Structure and Admixture of Dromedary Populations 2 A brief history of dromedary camel
From Biozone powerpoint ‘cultural evolution’
Characterisation of Genetic Diversity, Structure and Admixture of Dromedary Populations Importance of dromedary
In the Past
• Transport of humans and goods through deserts. • Help in the expansion of civilizations (e.g. Roman Empire, Arab). Importance of dromedary
Nowadays
• Multipurpose animal and source of food (milk and meat). • Economic values: racing, tourism.
Importance of dromedary
In the future • Dromedary products will increase. • Dromedary may be revealed as sustainable livestock in regions suffering of desertification.
Dromedary camel types Camel types in thePro dArabianuction camel ty Peninsulapes Production camel types I-Desert camels II-Beach camels III-Hill camels MahaheemI-D esert cameSolfso r II-BeAwaarichk camels III-HAwialld cai mels
Mahaheem Sofor Awarik Awadi A- Production camel
Magatter Shual Sahlia Hadana
Magatter Shual Sahlia Hadana
Racing camel types B- Racing camel OmanRia acing camel tyHpuerras Omania Hurra A- Production dromedary I- Desert camels camels
Type Color Size & Weight 1- Almugaheem Dark brown to black. Big size, 500-800 Kg.
2- Almugateer White Big size, 480-700 Kg.
3- Alsufur Light brown Big size, 500-700 Kg
4- Alshual Light brown and dark yellow to Big size, 480-700 Kg brown Magaheem Mugatter Shual Sufur A- Production II- Beach camels dromedary camels
Type Color Size & Weight 1) Alsahlia Light brown Moderate to big size, 350-600 Kg
2) Alawarik White Moderate to small size, 250-500 Kg Alawarik Alsahlia A- Production III- Hill camels dromedary camels
Type Color Size & Weight 1) Alhadana Yellow to red Moderate to small size, 250-500 Kg
2) Alawadi Brown Moderate to small size, 250-450 Kg Alhadana Alawadi Alawadi B- Racing dromedary camels
Type Color Size & Weight 1) Alomania Between light Small size, 250-350 Kg brown to light yellow
2) Alhura Light brown Small size, 250-350 Kg
Genetic diversity study Dromedary range
How is the genetic diversity distributed across its present day geographic range?
What is the degree of genetic differentiation between these camel populations?
Kohler-Rollefson, 1993 Sampling
1120 individuals 21 countries Sampling range
Tunisia Syria Iran Pakistan Jordan Algeria Egypt Kuwait India Libya (Sinai)
Saudi Arabia UAE Sudan Niger Chad Oman
Yemen
Ethiopia Somalia
Kenya Australia Methods
Microsatellite genotyping Mitochondrial DNA sequences
ABI 3730 (Applied Biosystems) sequencer system Results of Microsatellites: diversity and structure
North of South of Horn ofEA AfricaF NorthWNAF of Africa NAR SWAR/SEAR SouthSA AsiaS the Arabia the Arabia 1 Global population K= 2
a)
Global population without E.AF K= 6
b)
N.AF N.AR Archaeological records E.AF N.AF and N.AR SW.AR SE.AR S.AS
2 structure • into two distinct haplogroups haplotypes may begrouped •
Lack phylogeographic 76 dromedary mtDNA
mtDNA results: network
b) a) 1 A1 n = 1 n = 5 n = 49 WNAF A2 NAR EAF SAR B1 B4 B2 SAS B3 SAS* AU
source: freemap.jp analysis Summary…
Weak genetic differentiation among most of the dromedary populations Consequence of: Globalization of dromedary diversity, Inter-continental trading networks with extensive back-and-forth movements lead to intense sharing of the genetic variations
Horn of Africa appear to be distinct These results suggest that the domestic dromedary camels were introduced to the African continent via at least two entry points (Egypt and Horn of Africa)
Most of genetic structure is in the Arabian Peninsula
Future work Advances in genotyping
Comparative genomics approaches
Scientific collaborations between universities, research centers, camel industries and governments Conservation and Genetic Improvement center (CGIC)
International camel consortium for genetic improvement and conservation (ICC-GIC)
Olivier Hanotte Pamela Burger Joram Mwacharo
Pauline Charruau