The Roots and Routes of Dromedary Domestication
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Characterization of Caseins from Mongolian Yak, Khainak, and Bactrian Camel B Ochirkhuyag, Jm Chobert, M Dalgalarrondo, Y Choiset, T Haertlé
Characterization of caseins from Mongolian yak, khainak, and bactrian camel B Ochirkhuyag, Jm Chobert, M Dalgalarrondo, Y Choiset, T Haertlé To cite this version: B Ochirkhuyag, Jm Chobert, M Dalgalarrondo, Y Choiset, T Haertlé. Characterization of caseins from Mongolian yak, khainak, and bactrian camel. Le Lait, INRA Editions, 1997, 77 (5), pp.601-613. hal-00929550 HAL Id: hal-00929550 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00929550 Submitted on 1 Jan 1997 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Lait (1997) 77, 601-613 601 © Eisevier/Inra Original article Characterization of caseins from Mongolian yak, khainak, and bactrian cam el B Ochirkhuyag 2, lM Chobert 1*, M Dalgalarrondo 1, Y Choiset 1, T Haertlé ' 1 Laboratoire d'étude des interactions des molécules alimentaires, Inra, rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes cedex 03, France; 2 Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Vlan Bator, Mongolia (Received 25 November 1996; accepted 5 May 1997) Summary - The composition of acid-precipitated caseins from ruminant Mongolian domestic ani- maIs was analyzed and a comparative study between camel (Camelus bactrianus) and dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) was realized. Acid-precipitated whole caseins were analyzed for ami no acid composition, separated by anion exchange chromatography and identified by alkaline urea-PAGE. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Turkish Indigenous Donkey Populations Determined by Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Region
animals Article Phylogenetic Relationships of Turkish Indigenous Donkey Populations Determined by Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region Emel Özkan Ünal 1,* , Fulya Özdil 2,* , Selçuk Kaplan 3, Eser Kemal Gürcan 1, Serdar Genç 4 , Sezen Arat 2 and Mehmet Ihsan˙ Soysal 1 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirda˘gNamık Kemal University, Tekirda˘g59030, Turkey; [email protected] (E.K.G.); [email protected] (M.I.S.)˙ 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirda˘gNamık Kemal University, Tekirda˘g59030, Turkey; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirda˘gNamık Kemal University, Tekirda˘g59030, Turkey; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kır¸sehirAhi Evran University, Kır¸sehir40100, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.Ö.Ü.); [email protected] (F.Ö.); Tel.: +90-282-250-2185 (E.Ö.Ü.); +90-282-250-2233 (F.Ö.) Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 22 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Simple Summary: This paper represents the first fundamental report of mtDNA diversity in Turkish indigenous donkey breeds and presents findings for the origin and genetic characterization of donkey populations dispersed in seven geographical regions in Turkey, and thus reveals insights into their genetic history. The median-joining network and phylogenetic tree exhibit two different maternal lineages of the 16 Turkish indigenous donkey populations. Abstract: In this study, to analyze the mtDNA D-loop region and the origin of the maternal lineages of 16 different donkey populations, and to assess the domestication of Turkish indigenous donkeys in seven geographical regions, we investigated the DNA sequences of the D-loop region of 315 indigenous donkeys from Turkey. -
Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando
Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando To cite this version: Pablo Librado, Ludovic Orlando. Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Annual Reviews, 2021, 9 (1), 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118. hal- 03030307 HAL Id: hal-03030307 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03030307 Submitted on 30 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. 2021. 9:X–X https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023118 Copyright © 2021 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Librado Orlando www.annualreviews.org Equid Genomics and Evolution Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids Pablo Librado and Ludovic Orlando Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31000, France; email: [email protected] Keywords equid, horse, evolution, donkey, ancient DNA, population genomics Abstract The equid family contains only one single extant genus, Equus, including seven living species grouped into horses on the one hand and zebras and asses on the other. In contrast, the equine fossil record shows that an extraordinarily richer diversity existed in the past and provides multiple examples of a highly dynamic evolution punctuated by several waves of explosive radiations and extinctions, cross-continental migrations, and local adaptations. -
ANIMALS of the GREAT WAR the Impact of Animals During WWI Recommended Grade Levels: 5-8 Course/Content Area: Social Studies, Language Arts
ANIMALS OF THE GREAT WAR The Impact of Animals During WWI Recommended Grade Levels: 5-8 Course/Content Area: Social Studies, Language Arts Authored by: Carol Huneycutt, National WWI Museum and Memorial Teacher Fellow ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: • What role did animals play in the successes and failures of World War I? • How did animals affect the morale of the troops? SUMMARY: Animals played a large role during the conflict known as the Great War. From traditional warfare animals such as horses and dogs to exotic animals such as lions, monkeys, and bears, animals of all types were important to both the war effort and to the morale of the troops on the front lines. In this lesson, students will examine the use of different animals in various aspects of war. Students will then create a museum exhibit based on the contributions of one particular animal. STANDARDS Common Core Standards: ALIGNMENT: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7: Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words. National Standards for English Language Arts (Developed by the International Reading Association (IRA) and the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE).) 1. Students read a wide range of print and nonprint texts to build an understanding of texts, of themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment. Among these texts are fiction and nonfiction, classic and contemporary works. 4. Students adjust their use of spoken, written, and visual language (e.g., conventions, style, vocabulary) to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes. -
Donkey ID Certificate
NYS 4-H DONKEY/MULE CERTIFICATE ____ Personally owned ____ Family owned ____ Non-owned Date ________ 20____ Name of Animal Date Animal Born (Mo.) (Day) (Yr.) Sex M G Name of Sire Name of Dam Registry/Breed Reg. No. Date of Purchase Member County Draw markings on each side and face identical to your donkey or mule Color Owner Height Address Weight (State) (Zip) Signature of Owner This animal has been officially designated as the 4-H project animal of the 4H'er as of June 1 of the current project year. 4-H Leader Name ______________________________ Name of 4-H'er _______________________________ Address _______________________________________ Address _____________________________________ ______________________________ Zip __________ _______________________________ Zip ___________ Telephone __________ Email ___________________ Telephone ___________ Email ____________________ ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Member's Signature Leader's Signature Parent/Guardian ______________________________ Educator _______________County _________________ Address ______________________________________ Address _____________________________________ ______________________________ Zip ___________ _______________________________ Zip __________ Telephone __________ Email ____________________ Telephone ___________ Email ___________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Parent/Guardian Signature CCE Educator Signature *See non-ownership policy/reverse -
The Preparation and Primary Structure of S-Peptides from Different Pancreatic Ribonucleases
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Volume 40, number 1 FEBS LETTERS March 1974 THE PREPARATION AND PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF S-PEPTIDES FROM DIFFERENT PANCREATIC RIBONUCLEASES G.W. WELLING, G. GROEN, D. GABEL+, W. GAASTRA, J.J. BEINTEMA Biochemisch Laboratorium, Rijksuniversiteit, Zernikelaan, Groningen, The Netherlands Received 14 December 1973 1. Introduction Miles-Seravac Ltd. (Maidenhead). All other ribonu- cleases used in this study (goat, giraffe, gnu, reindeer, In 1955, Richards [l] described the isolation of dromedary, kangaroo, lesser rorqual, pig, and horse) ‘an active intermediate produced during the digestion were isolated according to Wierenga et al. [7] and rat of ribonuclease by subtilisin’. The characterisation RNase, according to Beintema et al. [8]. Subtilopep- and separation of the non-covalently linked compo- tidase A (Subtilisin Carlsberg) was a gift from Novo nents was described 4 years later [2] . Ribonuclease Industri (Copenhagen). Sephadex G-50 (fine) was S* possesses full enzymatic activity and the same purchased from Pharmacia (Uppsala). All other rea- holds for the enzyme reconstituted from S-peptide gents were analytical grade products from Merck AG and S-protein. The involvement of S-peptide residues (Darmstadt). in the binding of S-peptide to S-protein and in the Amino acid analysis, high-voltage paper electro- enzymatic activity of the reconstituted RNase S’ has phoresis, dansylation, and dansyl-Edman degrada- been studied by using synthetic S-peptide analogs [3,4] tion were performed as described earlier [7, 93. the cleavage by subtilisin takes place in an external loop. Klee [5] and Gold [6] did not succeed in 2.1. -
Nutritional Properties of Camelids and Equids Fresh and Fermented Milk
Review Nutritional Properties of Camelids and Equids Fresh and Fermented Milk Paolo Polidori 1,* , Natalina Cammertoni 2, Giuseppe Santini 2, Yulia Klimanova 2 , Jing-Jing Zhang 2 and Silvia Vincenzetti 2 1 School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy 2 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; [email protected] (N.C.); [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (J.-J.Z.); [email protected] (S.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0737-403426 Abstract: Milk is considered a complete food because all of the nutrients important to fulfill a newborn’s daily requirements are present, including vitamins and minerals, ensuring the correct growth rate. A large amount of global milk production is represented by cow, goat, and sheep milks; these species produce about 87% of the milk available all over the world. However, the milk obtained by minor dairy animal species is a basic food and an important family business in several parts of the world. Milk nutritional properties from a wide range of minor dairy animal species have not been totally determined. Hot temperatures and the lack of water and feed in some arid and semi-arid areas negatively affect dairy cows; in these countries, milk supply for local nomadic populations is provided by camels and dromedaries. The nutritional quality in the milk obtained from South American camelids has still not been completely investigated, the possibility of creating an economic Citation: Polidori, P.; Cammertoni, resource for the people living in the Andean highlands must be evaluated. -
Camel Prion Disease: a Possible Emerging Disease in Dromedary Camel Populations?
Camel prion disease: a possible emerging disease in dromedary camel populations? ©B. Babelhadj/University Kasdi Merbah, Algeria The identification of a new prion disease in dromedary camels in Algeria and Tunisia, called camel prion disease (CPD), extends the spectrum of animal species naturally susceptible to prion diseases and opens up new research areas for investigation. Camel prion disease was identified in 2018 in adult camels showing clinical signs at the ante mortem inspection at slaughterhouses in the region of Ouargla (Algeria), and in 2019 in the region of Tataouine (Tunisia). It adds to the group of existing animal prion diseases, including scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids and BSE (mainly in bovines). The detection of a new prion disease in the dromedary population requires attention and investigation needs to be carried out to assess the risks of this disease to animal and public health. As of today, very limited epidemiological information is available to assess the prevalence, geographical distribution and dynamic of the transmission of the disease. Based on the clinical signs suggesting prion disease, CPD seems to have occurred in 3.1% of the dromedaries brought to the abattoir in Ouargla. Pathognomonic neurodegeneration and disease- specific prion protein (PrPSc) were detected in brain tissue from three symptomatic animals (source: CDC article wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/6/17-2007_article). In May 2019, the OIE received a report from Tunisia on a single case of a 12-year-old slaughtered dromedary camel showing neurological signs confirmed as CPD by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) based in Italy. -
Mules and Hinnies Factsheet
FACTSHEET: OWNERS MULES AND HINNIES Mules and hinnies are similar. They are both a cross between a horse and a donkey, with unique characteristics that make them special. Because they are so similar, the terms ‘mule’ and ‘hinny’ are used interchangeably, with hinnies often being referred to as mules. KEY FACTS ABOUT MULES AND HINNIES: Mule: The result of a donkey stallion mating with a female horse. Mules tend to have the head of a donkey and extremities of a horse. Hinny: The result of a horse stallion mating with a female donkey. Hinnies are less common than mules and there might be subtle differences in appearance. Size: Varies greatly depending on the stallion and mare. Ranging from 91-172 cm. Health: Hardy and tough. They often have good immune systems. Strength: Extremely strong. They pull heavy loads and carry much heavier weights than donkeys or horses of a similar size. Behaviour: Intelligent and sensitive. They can have unpredictable reactions. Appearance: Ears smaller than a donkey’s, the same shape as a horse’s. The mane and tail of a hinny is usually similar to a horse. Vocalisation: A mixture of a donkey’s ‘bray’ and a horse’s ‘whinny’. Sex: Male is a ‘horse mule’ (also known as a ‘john’ or ‘jack’). Female is a ‘mare mule’ (also known as a ‘molly’). Young: A ‘colt’ (male) or ‘filly’ (female). What is hybrid vigour? Hybrid = a crossbreed Vigour = hardiness or resilience • ‘Interbreeding’ (crossbreeding) can remove weaker characteristics and instead pass on desirable inherited traits. This is ‘hybrid vigour’, a term often associated with mules and hinnies. -
Foraging Ecologies of Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis Reticulata)
Foraging ecologies of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) and camels (Camelus dromedarius) in northern Kenya: effects of habitat structure and possibilities for competition? David A. O’Connor1,2,3*, Bilal Butt2 and Johannes B. Foufopoulos2 1San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA, 92027, U.S.A., 2School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church St. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1041, U.S.A. and 3National Geographic Society 1145 17th St., NW, Washington, DC, 20036, U.S.A. Abstract au Kenya, ou ces especes sont recemment devenues The foraging ecologies of reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camel- sympatriques. La popularite croissante des dromadaires opardalis reticulata) and domestic camels (Camelus drome- dans la region a suscite des inquietudes au sujet des darius) were examined in the Laikipia District of Kenya, impacts sur l’environnement et d’une eventuelle competi- where these species have recently become sympatric. tion pour les ressources avec les girafes sauvages. Nous Camels increased popularity in the region has lead to avons recolte des donnees sur l’alimentation des deux concerns about their environmental impacts and possible especes au moyen de scan de groupe de deux minutes, qui competition with wild giraffe for resources. We gathered enregistraient la hauteur a laquelle les animaux mangea- foraging data on both species using 2-min group scans ient et les plantes preferees. Des transects ont permis de that recorded feeding heights and plant food preferences. recolter des echantillons de vegetation dans les zones ou les Transects sampled the vegetation in areas where foraging observations alimentaires ont ete faites. -
Camelus Dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? a Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha
animals Article Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha Martina Zappaterra, Laura Menchetti , Leonardo Nanni Costa and Barbara Padalino * Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (L.N.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Scientific knowledge concerning dromedary camel behavior and welfare is still limited. To date, providing pens with adequate shaded areas is not regulated in camel husbandry. The objectives of this study were to document whether dromedary camels have a preference for shade and describe how their behavior would change depending on the presence of shade in pens with different animal densities. Analyzing the behavior of camels kept at a permanent market in Doha, we found they had a preference for shade, and adequate shaded areas seemed to exert a positive effect on their behavioral repertoire. Camels in shade expressed more natural behaviors such as lying in sternal recumbency and ruminating, while those in the sun showed more walking and standing. Limited space allowance, instead, seemed to affect camel welfare, increasing the expression of stereotypic behavior (i.e., pacing). Overall, the results of this pilot study suggest that provision of adequate shaded areas could safeguard camel wellbeing under extremely hot conditions. Citation: Zappaterra, M.; Menchetti, Abstract: This study aimed at documenting whether dromedary camels have a preference for shade L.; Nanni Costa, L.; Padalino, B. Do and how their behavior would change depending on the presence of shade and variable space Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need allowance. -
Surra Importance Surra, Caused by Trypanosoma Evansi, Is One of the Most Important Diseases of Animals in Tropical and Semitropical Regions
Surra Importance Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is one of the most important diseases of animals in tropical and semitropical regions. While surra is particularly serious in Murrina, Mal de Caderas, equids and camels, infections and clinical cases have been reported in most Derrengadera, Trypanosomosis, domesticated mammals and some wild species. T. evansi is transmitted mechanically El Debab, El Gafar, Tabourit by various tabanids and other flies, and it can readily become endemic when introduced into a new area. The morbidity and mortality rates in a population with no immunity can be high. In the early 1900s, an outbreak in Mauritius killed almost all Last Updated: September 2015 of the Equidae on the island. More recently, severe outbreaks have been reported in the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. In addition to illness and deaths, surra causes economic losses from decreased productivity in working animals, reduced weight gain, decreased milk yield, reproductive losses and the cost of treatment. Etiology Surra is caused by the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma evansi. This organism belongs to the subgenus Trypanozoon and the Salivarian section of the genus Trypanosoma. Two genetic types of T. evansi, type A and type B, have been recognized. Most isolates worldwide belong to type A. Type B, which is not recognized by some diagnostic tests, has only been detected in parts of Africa as of 2015. Whether T. evansi should be considered a distinct species, separate from T. brucei, is controversial. Species Affected The principal hosts and reservoirs for T. evansi are reported to differ between regions; however, camels, equids, water buffalo and cattle are generally considered to be the major hosts among domesticated animals.