AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ACRP PROGRAM REPORT 108 Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Guidebook for Energy Administration Facilities Compatibility with Airports and Airspace ACRP OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE* TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2014 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* CHAIR OFFICERS Kitty Freidheim CHAIR: Kirk T. Steudle, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing Freidheim Consulting VICE CHAIR: Daniel Sperling, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis VICE CHAIR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board Kevin C. Dolliole Unison Consulting MEMBERS Victoria A. Arroyo, Executive Director, Georgetown Climate Center, and Visiting Professor, MEMBERS Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC Deborah Ale Flint Scott E. Bennett, Director, Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department, Little Rock Oakland International Airport Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Thella F. Bowens Norfolk, VA San Diego County Regional Airport Authority James M. Crites, Executive Vice President of Operations, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, TX Benito DeLeon Malcolm Dougherty, Director, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento Federal Aviation Administration A. Stewart Fotheringham, Professor and Director, Centre for Geoinformatics, School of Geography Richard de Neufville Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Geosciences, University of St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom Steve Grossman John S. Halikowski, Director, Arizona DOT, Phoenix Jacksonville Aviation Authority Michael W. Hancock, Secretary, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort Kelly Johnson Susan Hanson, Distinguished University Professor Emerita, School of Geography, Clark University, Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport Authority Worcester, MA F. Paul Martinez Steve Heminger, Executive Director, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, CA Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Chris T. Hendrickson, Duquesne Light Professor of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Bob Montgomery Pittsburgh, PA Southwest Airlines Jeffrey D. Holt, Managing Director, Bank of Montreal Capital Markets, and Chairman, Utah Eric Potts Transportation Commission, Huntsville, Utah Freese and Nichols, Inc. Gary P. LaGrange, President and CEO, Port of New Orleans, LA Richard Tucker Michael P. Lewis, Director, Rhode Island DOT, Providence Huntsville International Airport Joan McDonald, Commissioner, New York State DOT, Albany Paul J. Wiedefeld Abbas Mohaddes, President and CEO, Iteris, Inc., Santa Ana, CA Baltimore/Washington International Airport Donald A. Osterberg, Senior Vice President, Safety and Security, Schneider National, Inc., Green Bay, WI EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Steve W. Palmer, Vice President of Transportation, Lowe’s Companies, Inc., Mooresville, NC Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor, University of Texas, Austin Sabrina Johnson Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Kumares C. Sinha, Olson Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, Richard Marchi West Lafayette, IN Airports Council International—North America Laura McKee Gary C. Thomas, President and Executive Director, Dallas Area Rapid Transit, Dallas, TX Airlines for America Paul Trombino III, Director, Iowa DOT, Ames Melissa Sabatine Phillip A. Washington, General Manager, Regional Transportation District, Denver, CO American Association of Airport Executives T.J. Schulz EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Airport Consultants Council Thomas P. Bostick (Lt. General, U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, Robert E. Skinner, Jr. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC Transportation Research Board Rebecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Marietta, GA vacant Anne S. Ferro, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. DOT National Association of State Aviation Officials David J. Friedman, Acting Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. DOT SECRETARY John T. Gray II, Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC Christopher W. Jenks Michael P. Huerta, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. DOT Transportation Research Board Paul N. Jaenichen, Sr., Acting Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S. DOT Therese W. McMillan, Acting Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. DOT Michael P. Melaniphy, President and CEO, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC Victor M. Mendez, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, and Acting Deputy Secretary, U.S. DOT Robert J. Papp (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Lucy Phillips Priddy, Research Civil Engineer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, and Chair, TRB Young Members Council Cynthia L. Quarterman, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. DOT Peter M. Rogoff, Acting Under Secretary for Policy, U.S. DOT Craig A. Rutland, U.S. Air Force Pavement Engineer, Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL Joseph C. Szabo, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. DOT Barry R. Wallerstein, Executive Officer, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA Gregory D. Winfree, Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S. DOT Frederick G. (Bud) Wright, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC * Membership as of February 2014. * Membership as of February 2014. AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP REPORT 108 Guidebook for Energy Facilities Compatibility with Airports and Airspace Stephen B. Barrett Philip M. DeVita Jesse R. Lambert HARRIS MILLER MILLER & HANSON INC. Burlington, MA IN ASSOCIATION WITH Clifford K. Ho SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES Albuquerque, NM Bryan Miller BEM INTERNATIONAL, LLC Sheridan, WY Yu Zhang UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA Tampa, FL Mary Vigilante SYNERGY CONSULTANTS, Inc. Seattle, WA Subscriber Categories Aviation • Energy • Environment Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2014 www.TRB.org AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP REPORT 108 Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans­ Project 02­38 portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter­ ISSN 1935­9802 national commerce. They are where the nation’s aviation system ISBN 978­0­309­28390­8 connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon­ Library of Congress Control Number 2014934730 sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most © 2014 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera­ COPYRIGHT INFORMATION tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near­term solutions Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously to meet demands placed on it. published or copyrighted material used herein. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon­ Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries publication for classroom and not­for­profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal material in this document for educational and not­for­profit uses will give appropriate research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera­ acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro­ the material, request permission from CRP. gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte­ nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, NOTICE and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera­ tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. 100­Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this Committee (AOC),