Environmental and Social Management Framework (Esmf)
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Greater Cairo Air Pollution Management and Climate Change Project ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) Prepared by: Integral Consult© A Member of Environmental Alliance ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) Greater Cairo Air Pollution Management and Climate Change Project Integral Consult Cairo Office 2075 El Mearaj City, Ring Road, Maadi – Cairo - Egypt Phone +202 25204515 • Fax +202 25204514 Email : [email protected] Greater Cairo Air Pollution Management and Climate Change Project Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) ii Contributors to the Study Dr. Amr Osama, Integral Consult President Dr. Yasmine Kamal, Technical and Operations Manager Dr. Nermin Eltouny, Technical Team Lead Eng. Mai Ibrahim, Technical Team Lead Dr. Anan Mohamed, Social Development Consultant Eng. Fatma Adel, Senior Environmental Specialist Eng. Mustafa Adel, Environmental Specialist Eng. Lana Mahmoud, Environmental Specialist Greater Cairo Air Pollution Management and Climate Change Project Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... x List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xiv 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Development Objectives ............................................................................ 2 1.2 ESMF Objectives .................................................................................................... 2 1.3 ESMF Scope ........................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Rationale For ESMF ............................................................................................... 3 1.5 Methodology For Preparation of ESMF ................................................................. 3 1.5.1 Legal and Institutional Framework ................................................................ 3 1.5.2 Environmental and Social Settings-Baseline ................................................. 3 1.5.3 Analysis of Alternatives ................................................................................. 4 1.5.4 Environmental and Social Impact Mitigations Framework ........................... 4 1.5.5 Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework (ESMMF) ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.5.6 Public Consultation and Engagement ............................................................ 5 2 Project Description ........................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Project Components ................................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Component 1: Enhancing the Air Quality Decision Support System ............ 7 2.2.2 Component 2: Support the Operationalization of SWM Master Plans in GC8 2.2.3 Component 3: Vehicle Emissions Reduction .............................................. 13 2.2.4 Component 4: Stakeholders Engagement, Awareness Raising and Communication ........................................................................................................... 15 2.2.5 Component 5: Project Management and Monitoring and Evaluation ......... 16 3 Legal and Institutional Framework ............................................................................. 18 Greater Cairo Air Pollution Management and Climate Change Project Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) iv 3.1 National Legal Framework ................................................................................... 18 3.1.1 The Egyptian Environmental Law No.4 of Year 1994 ................................ 19 3.1.2 Regulations Pertinent to Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management 23 3.1.3 Regulations Pertinent to Water and Wastewater Management.................... 26 3.1.4 Laws Related to Traffic ............................................................................... 27 3.1.5 Egypt’s Commitments Towards Combating Climate Change ..................... 28 3.1.6 Social Legislations ....................................................................................... 28 3.1.7 The Relevant International Treaties Signed by Egypt ................................. 36 3.2 World Bank Requirements ................................................................................... 36 3.2.1 World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguards (ESSs) ........................ 37 3.2.2 World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines .. 40 3.2.3 Triggered Operational Policies (OPs) .......... 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Bookmark not defined. 3.3 Gap Analysis......................................................................................................... 41 3.3.1 Gap Analysis For ESSs and National Laws ................................................. 41 3.3.2 Gap Analysis For Key Egyptian and WB Environmental Issues ................ 44 3.3.3 Gaps Regarding E-mobility ......................................................................... 50 3.3.4 Gaps Regarding Waste Legislations ............................................................ 50 3.3.5 Gap Analysis of National and WB Requirements for Key Social Issues - Land Acquisition Issues .............................................................................................. 51 3.4 Institutional Framework ....................................................................................... 52 3.4.1 Solid Waste Management (SWM) Related Affairs ..................................... 52 3.4.2 Transport Related Affairs ............................................................................ 56 3.4.3 Climate Change Institutional Setup ............................................................. 58 4 Environmental and Social Settings-Baseline .............................................................. 61 4.1 Natural Environment ............................................................................................ 61 4.1.1 Climate ......................................................................................................... 61 4.1.2 Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................... 64 Greater Cairo Air Pollution Management and Climate Change Project Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) v 4.1.3 Ambient Noise Levels and Vibrations ......................................................... 66 4.1.4 Soil and Subsoil ........................................................................................... 68 4.1.5 Water Resources and Flood Risk ................................................................. 74 4.1.6 Biodiversity .................................................................................................. 87 4.2 Built Environment And Infrastructure .................................................................. 89 4.2.1 Solid Waste Management (SWM) ............................................................... 93 4.2.2 Roads and Mobility Infrastructure ............................................................. 101 4.2.3 Utilities Sources ......................................................................................... 103 4.2.4 Air And GHG Emissions ........................................................................... 105 4.3 Socio-Economic Environment ............................................................................ 111 4.3.1 The Administrative Divisions ........................................................................ 111 4.3.2 Demographics Characteristics ................................................................... 113 4.3.3 Economic Characteristics........................................................................... 117 4.3.4 The informal sector for solid waste collection in Greater Cairo ..............Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.5 Infrastructure .............................................................................................. 123 4.3.6 Public Transport ......................................................................................... 124 4.3.7 Land Use .................................................................................................... 125 4.3.8 Gender Based Violence ................................................................................. 127 5 Analysis of Alternatives ............................................................................................ 129 5.1 Alternatives for Waste Sector Interventions ....................................................... 129 5.1.1 No Project Alternative ............................................................................... 129 5.1.2 Location Alternatives ................................................................................. 130 5.1.3 Technology Alternatives ............................................................................ 137 5.1.4 Alternatives for Dumpsites Rehabilitation................................................. 140 5.2 Public Transport Interventions (E-buses) ..........................................................