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Blue Renaissance BLUE RENAISSANCE And If You Want To Save It Show A Little Respect... A Report On Water Bodies In Bangalore By Indu Bhargavi R Nagashri M Palavalli Rashmi Subramanya Acknowledgement We, Indu Bhargavi R, Nagashri M Palavalli and Rashmi Subramanya studying 1st year law in University Law College, Bangalore take this opportunity to thank all the people who have helped in the completion of this project. We would like to thank Mr. Leo F Saldanha, Coordinator, Environment Support Group for his guidance. We are also grateful to Mrs. Bhargavi S Rao, Ms. Arpita Joshi, Ms. Dolly Kalitha, Mr. Mallesh K R, Mrs. Harminder Kaur and Mrs. Gitanjali Mahanti for their inputs and help. We are thankful to our parents and well wishers for supporting and encouraging us throughout this project. DECLARATION We, Indu Bhargavi R, Nagashri M Palavalli and Rashmi Subramanya studying 1 st year law in University Law College, Bangalore hereby declare that this project titled “BLUE RENAISSANCE” is bonafide work carried out as part of our internship under the guidance of Mr. Leo F Saldanha and this original report has been duly submitted in July, 2007. Abbreviations BBMP Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike BCC Bangalore City Corporation BDA Bangalore Development Authority BET Bangalore Environment Trust BMP Bangalore Mahanagara Palike BMRDA Bangalore Metropolitan Regional Development Authority BMTF Bangalore Metropolitan Task Force BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BUAC Bangalore Urban Arts Commission BWSSB Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board CES The Centre for Ecological Sciences CMC City Municipal Councils COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CPCB Central Pollution Control Board DCF Deputy Conservator of Forests DRT Debt Recovery Tribunal H.A.L Hindustan Aeronautics Limited H.M.T Hindustan Machine Tools HUDCO Housing Urban Development Corporation IISc Indian Institute of Science ILEC International Lake Environment Committee Foundation INEP Indo-Norwegian Environment project I.T.I Industrial Training Institute IYF International year for Freshwater KLD Kilo liters per day KMC Karnataka Municipal Corporation KSLSA Karnataka State Legal Services Authority KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board KSTDC Karnataka State Tourism Development Corporation LDA Lake Development Authority MLD Milli Litres per Day NGC National Green Corps NGO Non Governmental Organization NLCP The National Lake Conservation Plan NRCD The National River Conservation Directorate NRCP National River Conservation Programme PIL Public Interest Litigation RBI Reserve Bank of India STP Sewage Treatment Plant ULF Ulsoor Lake Foundation UN The United Nations UNEP The United Nations Environment Programme URC Urban Urban Research Centre WWD World World Wetlands Day INDEX OF AUTHORITIES 1. http://ramsar.org/about/about_infopack_1e.htm 2. “Local people to be given charge of rejuvenated lakes”, Deccan Herald, 29-03- 2006, http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/Mar292006/state19942006328.asp 3. “Fish Mortality in Bangalore Lakes” by Ranjeev Benjamin , Kar Devashish, A.V. Nagarathna, B.K. Chakrapani, T.V.Ramachandra India , December 1996, Issue 6, Electronic Green Journal http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj06/ramachandra.html 4. http://parisaramahiti.kar.nic.in/lakes.html 5. “Listening to the land” by Bageshree S, The Hindu, 26-06-2006, http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2006/06/26/stories/2006062601610100.htm 6. “Lakes in Bangalore”, http://www.karnataka.com/tourism/bangalore/lakes- drainage.shtml 7. “Bangalore’s lakes: Choked by the IT web” by M. Radhika 8. http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2002/proceedings/2_4.html#address PAPER-4: Trend in Urban Development around Water Tanks in Bangalore by Mahalakshmi K 9. http://parisaramahiti.kar.nic.in/lakes_imp.html 10. “Bangalore attracting winged visitors” by Sunil Kumar M http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlandnews/bangalore.html 11. “Wetland conservation for water security” by Harsha T.P, Deccan Herald, 31-01- 2003 12. http://parisaramahiti.kar.nic.in/role.html 13. “Lake Silt will be given to Farmers”, Times of India, 04-03-2003, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/39207805.cms 14. “Doomsday predicted for wetlands” by Alladi Jayasri, The Hindu, 10-12-2002 http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlandnews/doom.htm 15. http://parisaramahiti.kar.nic.in/urbpop.html 16. “Prime land encroached, lake too in danger”, New Indian Express, 15-05-2007 http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IE120070514231917 17. “Better put your idols in a bucket at home”, By Kanak Hirani, 12 -08-2001, Times of India, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1252607769.cms 18. http://kspcb.kar.nic.in/lakeslist_ganesha_fest.htm (last visited on 12-07-2007) 19. “Go for eco-friendly idols”, S.B. Vijaya Mary, The Hindu, 09-09-2002 http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/09/stories/2002090900810100.htm 20. “Mobile Tanks to Aid Immersion at Home”, Deccan Herald, 15-09-2004 21. http://parisaramahiti.kar.nic.in/grdwater.html 22. “Wetlands and Fish”, by Madhav Gadgil, Deccan Herald, 29-12-2001 http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlandnews/gadgil.html 23. “The Way we were – Disappearing Birdlife”, http://www.indiaexpress.com/bangalore/eureka/birds.html 24. http://envfor.nic.in 25. “Lake maintenance may be handed over to BDA or BMP”, The Hindu, 30-10-2005 http://www.thehindu.com/2005/10/30/stories/2005103020180300.htm 26. “Lakes may go to BMP and BDA”, http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IE120070521235229 27. IMPACT OF PRIVATISATION OF LAKES IN BANGALORE, Rohan D'Souza http://www.doccentre.net/docsweb/Rohan_final_report_lakes_privatisation.php#Lake_D evelopment_Authority 28. http://www.unesco.org/water/iyfw2/index.shtml 29. http://www.ilec.or.jp , http://www.taal2007.org/ilec.asp 30. “Encroachers put Bangalore’s Lakes on endangered list’ by P.M Raghunandan, The New Indian Express, 14-08-2001 31. wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlandnews/central.html, “Central project to give new life to four lakes”, By Paawana Poonacha 32. http://parisaramahiti.kar.nic.in/initiatives.html 33. “For lake’s sake: The saga of a struggle”, http://envfor.nic.in 34. “Lakes clean up drive”, Deccan Herald, 05-06-2007, http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jun52007/city200706055742.asp 35. “BDA plunges into lake cleaning drive”, 04-06-2007, http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IE120070604002908 36. http://www.doccentre.net/docsweb/Rohan_final_report_lakes_privatisation.php 37. “Notices to BCC on lakes”, Times of India, 23-09-2005 38. “HC stays proceedings on tank bed area case”, Deccan Herald, 17-03-2005 39. “Will it Hold Water?” By Radhakrishna Rao http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlandnews/will.html TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPIC PAGE NUMBER Introduction 1 Chronological Development around Water 2 Why are these Lakes Important to 6 Bangalore? Importance to Flora and Fauna 7 Importance to Fresh Water 8 Effects of Lakes on Ground Water 9 Hydrological Role of Lake 9 Nutrient Cycling 10 Lakes in Urban Areas as Tourists Spots 10 Miscellaneous 12 Causes for the Deterioration and 13 Disappearance of Water Bodies Effects of Urbanisation in Bangalore 16 Immersion of Idols 18 What are the Effects of Pollution on the Lakes 21 of Bangalore? Impact on Groundwater 23 Impact on Aquatic Creatures 23 Impact on Wildlife 24 Authorities In charge Of Water Bodies in 26 Bangalore Lake Development Authority 28 A Critical Look at the Conception of the Lake 30 Development Authority Initiatives to Save Lakes 32 Legislations, Policies and Reports Regarding 38 Water Bodies in Bangalore The Lakshman Rau Committee Report 38 Karnataka State Water Policy 39 Agaram Lake 42 Bellandur Lake 44 Hebbal Lake 49 Lalbagh Lake 54 Madivala Lake 59 Sankey Tank 64 Ulsoor Lake 70 Varthur Lake 79 Yediyur Lake 82 Recommendations 87 Introduction Water is an essential component of an eco-system. Two-thirds of the earth is surrounded by water. It sustains life on Earth. A community depends on water for its domestic, agriculture and industrial needs. The Ramsar Convention, 1971 to which India is a signatory, takes a broad approach in determining the wetlands which come under its aegis. Under the text of the Convention (Article 1.1), wetlands are defined as: "areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres". In addition, the Convention (Article 2.1) provides that wetlands: "may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the wetlands". As a result of these provisions, the coverage of the Convention extends to a wide variety of habitat types, including rivers and lakes, coastal lagoons, mangroves, peatlands, and even coral reefs. 1 Availability of water has been a factor in the development of various civilizations near lakes and rivers. Rivers, lakes and wells are important sources of water in a region and at a particular stage in development, tanks and wells are introduced to harvest rain and ground water. Wells and tanks are the sources of water in most places even today. Tanks harvest rainwater and store it, while wells tap water stored underground. Tanks are categorized as those that exist on a basin less than 40 hectares of land and those above 40 hectares. 2 The total water spread in India is about 4.5 million hectares. Inland aquaculture resources cover about 3 million hectares. These include about 0.72 million hectares of natural lakes and 2.0 million hectares of constructed reservoirs. The state of Karnataka has about 2000 perennial and about 30,000 seasonal tanks with a total water spread area of 3,000,000 hectares. Wetlands occupy about 4.8 per cent of the geographical area in Bangalore (640 sq. km.). Most of the wetlands are to be found on the outskirts and rural fringes of the City.
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