CURRICULUM VITAE

SHAUN KEITH FRAPE Professor Department of Environmental Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2L 3G1

PERSONAL DATA:

Birth date: July 28, 1949 Birth place: Toronto, Canada Telephone: 519-885-1211, ext. 36382 Fax: 519-746-7484 e-mail: [email protected]

EDUCATION:

1979 Ph.D. “Interstitial Waters and Bottom Sediment Geochemistry as Indicators of Seepage”, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Geological Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, 320 p. 1974 M.Sc. “A Geochemical Study of Collins Lake, North of Kingston, Eastern Ontario”, unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geological Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario 1972 B.Sc. Honours Geology, “Trace Element Analyses of Algal Stromatolites from Two Correlative Stratigraphic Sections in the Lower Part of the Oxford Formation.” Unpublished B.S. thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

EXPERIENCE AND RESEARCH INTERESTS:

Dr. Frape is a hydrogeologist/geochemist who specializes in groundwater flow systems, isotopic tracers to delineate the transport of contaminants in natural systems and regional groundwater resource studies. He has extensive experience on ongoing studies in the following areas of geochemistry: a) Hydrogeochemical Systems in Deep Crystalline (Granite) and Sedimentary Rocks

Ongoing research in Finland, Canada and Greenland associated with the safe disposal of radioactive and other wastes. An association over the past 30 years with projects around the world has resulted in an extensive knowledge base concerned with groundwater chemistry and movement in deep hydrogeologic systems. b) Groundwater-Surface Water Interaction

Experience as a graduate student and then over the past 30 years with problems of contaminant migration, salination and surface water management as a result of groundwater migration into

1 surface waters such as rivers and lakes. Projects have been concerned with the natural migration of petroleum rich deep into the Great Lakes of Canada, contaminant migration into surface water bodies from landfill sites and migration of refinery wastes into local lakes and rivers in .

c) Groundwater Resource Evaluation

Local projects concerned with groundwater chemistry, age and amount in the Waterloo region and southern Ontario; coupled to extensive groundwater management projects in South America and India has provided a solid knowledge base for assessing the quality and quantity of ground and surface water systems.

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:

1994-present: Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. 1994-1995: Visiting Research Scientist, CSIRO, Perth, Australia. 1987-1994: Associate Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. 1984-1986: Assistant Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. 1981 - 1984: Research Assistant Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. 1979 - 1981: Research Associate Engineer, Waterloo Research Institute, University of Waterloo, attached to the Department of Earth Sciences. 1978: Geochemical Consultant with Water and Earth Science Associates Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, part time. (see no. 1, Non-Referred Publications) 1975: Senior Field Mapping Assistant and Geochemist, Cominco Ltd., Baker Lake, NWT, summer. 1972, 1973: Senior Field Assistant, Assistant District Geologist for Indian Affairs and Northern Development, NTW, summer. 1971: Senior Field Assistant, Geological and Geochemical Survey for U.S. Borax and Chemical Company Tennessee, Montana, Idaho, summer. 1970: Geological mapping and Geophysical Field Assistant, R. Kidd - Geophysical Consultant, summer.

AWARDS:

2013: Appointed as “A friend of Water/Reaction” of the IAGC Primary Working Group

2011: Fellow of the International Association of Geochemistry

2007: Awarded the O.E. Meinzer Prize in Hydrogeology from the Hydrogeology Division, Geological Society of America

2

2006: Elected Fellow of the Geological Society of America

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES: 2006: Elected Fellow of the Geological Society of America 2003: Peer Review Committees for Finnish Nuclear Waste Storage Program and the Canadian Nuclear Waste Storage Program. 2000 – 2004: Working member of the study group (PERMA) to assess the impact of Permafrost and Glaciation on a Nuclear Waste Repository. The group consists of Ontario Power Generation, NIREX (UK), SKB (Sweden), POSIVA and GTK (Finland). 2004-2011 Elected Councilor International Association of Geochemistry (IAGC) 2000: Workshop for POSIVA (Finnish Nuclear Power) on needs and priorities for future R & D on spent fuel disposal 2000 - 2005 Associate Editor, journal “Applied Geochemistry” 1998 – 1999: Review Panel of (STUK) for Finnish Nuclear Waste Storage Program. 1999: Working member of Swedish SKB “Matrix Block Experiment at Aspoo, Sweden” 1995 - 2003 Canadian Geochemist and Advisor to European Union Project concerning the hydrogeology and geochemistry of the Palmutto Natural Analogue Site, Finland 1997 - 1999 Associate Editor of the journal "Groundwater" 1996: Canadian delegate to Technical Workshop on Biodegradation/Bioaccumulation of Metals in the Environment. Held December 11-13, European Union, Brussels, Belgium. 1996: Co-chair hydrogeochemistry: Workshop on Glaciation and Hydrogeology. April 17-19, Stockholm, Sweden. Sponsored by SKB/SKI, Sweden. 1993 - 1994: Peer review for (STUK) Finnish Nuclear Safely Institute, Review of the Final Disposal of Radioactive Waste in the Finnish Shield. 1992 - 1995: Peer review and proposal review as part of the MITEC (Mineral Industry) committee to advise the mining companies of Canada on new exploration issues. 1992 - 1995: Associate Editor of the journal "Geology" 1990 - 1996: Peer review of Canadian Radioactive Waste Program as part of the Subsurface Advisory Team (SAT) for Environment Canada 1986 - 1987: Peer Review Committee, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, Review of ONWI, Nuclear Waste Isolation in Salt Documents. 1980 - present: Reviewer of approximately 5 journal articles per year for major geochemical and hydrogeology journals.

3 PUBLICATIONS

Journal Papers

89. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K. and Labelle, L. Insights Gained From Geochemical Studies in the Waterloo Moraine: Indications and Implications for Anthropogenic Loading. Canadian Water Resources Journal (in press). 88. Hwang, H.T., Park, Y.J., Sudicky, E.A., Unger, A.J.A., Illman, W.A., Frape, S.K., & Shouakar- Stash, O. 2013. A multiphase flow and multispecies reactive transport model for DNAPL- involved Compound Specific Isotope Analysis. Advances in Water Resources. 59, 111-122. 87. Lojkasek-Lima, P., Aravena, R., Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Marchesi, M., Fiorenza, S., and Vogan, J. 2012. Evaluating TCE Abiotic and Biotic Degradation Pathways in a Permeable Reactive Barrier Using Compound Specific Isotope Analyses. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation. 10p. 86. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Pitkanen, P., and Blowes, D. 2012 Periglacial-glacial cycling and the geochemical evolution of Canadian Shield groundwaters. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 76(1), 45-67. 85. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Freifeld, B.M., Holden, B., Onstott, T.C., Ruskeeniemi, T. and Chan, E. 2011. Hydrogeological and geochemical measurements through thick permafrost. Ground Water, 49(3), 348-364, doi:10.111/j.1745-6584.2010.00724.x. 84. Stotler, R.K., Frape, S.K., El Mugammar, H.T., Johnston, C.T., Judd-Henry, I., Harvey, F.E., Drimmie, R. and Jones, J.P. 2011. Geochemical heterogeneity in a relatively small, stratigraphically complex, moraine system: Interpretation of flow and recharge using multiple geochemical parameters. Hydrogeology Journal, 19: 101-115. 83. Boschetti, T., Toscani, L., Shouakar-Stash, O., Iacumin, P., Venturelli, G., Mucchino, C. and Frape, S.K. 2010. Salt waters of the northern Apennine Foredeep Basin (Italy): Origin and evolution. Aquat Geochem, DOI 10.1007/s10498-010-9107-y. 82. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O. 2010. An isotopic survey of δ81Br and δ37Cl of dissolved halides in the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields. Chemical Geology, 274 (1-2), 38-55. 81. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Ahonen, L., Clark, I., Greene, S., Hobbs, M.Y., Johnson, E., Lemieux, J.-M., Peltier, W.R., Pratt, L., Sudicky, E.A., Tarasov, L. and Ruskeeniemi, T. 2010. Origin and stability of a permafrost methane hydrate occurrence in the Canadian Shield. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 296(3-4), 384-394. 80. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Gargini, A., Pasini, M., Drimmie, R.J. and Aravena, R. 2009. Analysis of compound-specific chlorine isotopes of vinyl chloride by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS). Environmental Forensics Journal, 10:299-306. 79. Pfiffner, S.M., Onstott, T.C., Ruskeeniemi, T., Taikka, M., Bakermans, C., McGown, D., Chan, E., Johnson, A., Phelps, T.J., LePuil, M., Difurio, S.A., Pratt, L.M., Stotler, R., Frape, S.K., Telling, J., Sherwood Lollar, B., Neill, I. and Zerbin, F. 2008. Challenges for coring deep permafrost on Earth and Mars. Astrobiology, 8(3): 623-638. 78. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K. Ruskeeniemi, T., Ahonen, L., Paananen, M., Onstott, T.C. and Hobbs, M.Y. 2009. Hydrogeochemistry of groundwaters at and below the base of thick permafrost at Lupin, Nunavut, Canada. Journal of Hydrology, 373:80-95. 77. Onstott, T.C., McGown, D.J., Bakermans, C., Ruskeeniemi, T., Ahonen, L., Telling, J., Soffientino, B., Pfiffner, S.M., Sherwood Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Stotler, R.L., Vishnivetskaya T.A., Rothmel, R. and Pratt, L.M., 2009. Microbial communities in subpermafrost saline fracture water at the

4 Lupin Au Mine, Nunavut, Canada. Microbial Ecology, 58: 786-807. 76. Blyth, A., Frape, S.K. and Tullborg, E-L. 2009. A review and comparison of fracture mineral investigations and their application to radioactive waste disposal. Applied Geochemistry, 24:821- 835. 75. Annable, W.K., Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O., Shanoff, T., Drimmie, R. and Harvey, F.E. 2007. 37Cl, 15N, 13C, isotopic analysis of common agro-chemicals for identifying non-point source agricultural contaminants. Applied Geochemistry, 22, 1530-1536. 74. Alexeev, S.V., Alexeeva, L.P., Borisov, V.N., Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Chabaux, F. and Kononov, A.M. 2007. Isotopic composition (H, O, Cl, Sr) of ground brines of the Siberian Platform. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 48, 225-236. 73. Zhang, M., Frape, S.K., Love, A.J., Herczeg, L., Lehmann, B.E., Beyerle, U. and Purtschert, R. 2007. Chlorine stable isotope studies of old groundwater, southwestern Great Artesian Basin, Australia. Applied Geochemistry, 22, 557-574. 72. Shouakar-Stash, O., Alexeev, S.V., Frape, S.K., Alexeeva, L.P. and Drimmie, R.J. 2007. Geochemistry and stable isotopic signatures, including chlorine and bromine isotopes, of the deep groundwaters of the Siberian Platform, Russia. Applied Geochemistry, 22, 589-605. 71. Hesse, R., Egeberg, P.K. and Frape, S.K. (2006). Chlorine stable isotope ratios as tracer for pore- water advection rates in a submarine gas-hydrate field: Implication for hydrate concentration. GEOFLUIDS, 6, 1-7. 70. Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R.J., Zhang, M. and Frape, S.K. 2006. Compound-specific chlorine isotopes ratio of TCE, PCE and DCE isomers by direct injection using CF-IRM, Appl. Geochem., 21, 766-781. 69. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K. and Drimmie, R.J. 2005. Determination of bromine stable isotopes using continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 77(13): 4027-4033. 68. Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R.J. and Frape, S.K. 2005. Determination of inorganic chlorine stable isotopes by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Rapid Communication in Mass Spectrometry, 19:121-127. 67. Wood, W., Sanford, W.E. and Frape, S. 2005. Chemical openness an dpotential for misinterpretation of the solute environment of the coastal Sabkhat. Chem. Geol., 215: 361-372. 66. Husain, M.M., Cherry, J.A. and Frape, S.K. The persistence of a large stagnation zone in a developed regional aquifer, southwestern Ontario. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41: 943-958. 65. Blyth, A., Frape, S., Ruskeeniemi, T. and Blomqvist, R., 2004. Long-term hydrogeological stability of crystalline bedrock in glaciated terraines: Evidence from the Palmottu Natural Analogue Site, Finland. Applied Geochemistry, 19: 675-686. 64. Lesniak, K., Siegel, D., Stutt, M. and Frape, S., 2004. The isotopic geochemistry of the Saratoga Springs: Implications for the origin of solutes and source of carbon dioxide gas. Geology, 32: 257- 260. 63. Kopf, A., Mora, G., Deyhle, A., Frape, S. and Hesse, R., 2003. Fluid geochemistry in the Japan Trench Forearc (ODP Leg 186): A Synthesis. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Volume, 186, pp. 0-23. 62. Negrel, P., Casonova, J., Blomqvist, R., Kaija, J. and Frape, S. Strontium isotopic characterization of the Palmottu Hydrosystem (Finland): Water-rock interaction and geochemistry of groundwaters. Geofluids, 3: 161-175. 61. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K. and Drimmie, R.J., 2003. Stable hydrogen, carbon and chlorine isotope meausurements of selected chlorinated organic solvents. Jour. Contaminant Hydrology,

5 60:211-228. 60. Lehmann, B.E., Love, A. Purtschert, R., Collon, P., Loosli, H.H., Kutschera, W., Beryerle, U., Aeschbach-Hertig, W., Kipfer, R., Frape, S.K., Herczeg, A., Moran, J., Tolstikhin, I.N., Groning, M. 2003. A comparison of groundwater dating with 81Kr-, 36Cl- and 4He in four wells in the Great Artesian Basin, Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 211, 237-250. 59. Sie, P.M.J. and Frape, S.K., 2003. Evaluation of crystalline rock groundwaters at the Stripa mine and south central Sweden using stable chlorine isotopes. Chem. Geol., 182:565-582. 58. Motz, J., Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R., Edwards, T.W.D., Frape, S.K. and Annable, W.K., 2001. Hydrogen-isotope analysis of potentially-toxic organic materials employing manganese reduction and disposable nickel-pyrolysis tubes. Chemical Geology, 18:67-71. 57. Stimson, J., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R. and Rudolph, D., 2001. Isotopic and geochemical evolution of groundwater in alluvial fans of Cochabamba, Bolivia. Appl. Geochem., 16:1097-1114. 56. Green, J.R., Cecil, L.D., Synal, H., Kreutz, K.J., Wake, C.P., Nafz, D.L. and Frape, S.K., 2000. Chlroine-36 and cesium-137 in ice-core samples from mid-latitude glacial sites in the northern hemisphere. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 172:812-816. 55. Blomqvist, R., Ruskeeniemi, T., Kaija, J., Ahonen, L., Paananen, M., Smellie, J., Grundfelt, B., Pedersen, K., Bruno, J., Perez del Villar, L., Cera, E., Rasilainen, K., Pitkanen, P., Suksi, J., Casanova, J., Read, D. and Frape, S.K., 2000. The Palmottu Natural Analogue Project – Phase II: Transport of radionuclides in a natural flow system at Palmottu. European Commission, Nuclear Science and Technology Series, Luxembourg, EUR 19611 EN, 192p. 54. Cecil, L.D., Welhan, J.A., Green, J.R., Frape, S.K. and Sudicky, E.R., 2000. Use of chlorine-36 to determine regional-scale aquifer dispersivity, eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho, USA. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, B., 172:679-687. 53. Cecil, L.D., Knobel, L.L., Green, J.R. and Frape, S.K., 2000. In situ production of chlorine-36 in the eastern Snake River plain aquifer, Idaho: Implications for describing ground-water contamination near a nuclear faculity. U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-xxxx, in press. 52. Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R., Morrison, J., Frape, S.K., Heemskerk, A.R. and Mark, W.A., 2000. On-line deuterium analysis for water, natural gas and organic solvents by manganese reduction. Analytical Chemistry, 72(11):2664-2666. 51. Blyth, A., Frape, S.K., Blomqvist, R. and Nissinen, P., 2000. Assessing the past thermal and chemical history of fluids in crystalline rock by combining fluid inclusion and isotopic investigations of fracture calcite. Applied Geochemistry, 15: 1417-1437. 50. Harvey, F.E., Rudolph, D.L. and Frape, S.K., 2000. Estimating ground water flux into large lakes: Application in the Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario. Ground Water, 39(4): 550-565. 49. Hesse, R., Frape, S.K., Egeberg, P.K. and Matsumoto, R., 2000. 12. Stable isotope studies (Cl, O, and H) of interstitial waters from site 997, Blake Ridge Gas Hydrate Field, West Atlantic. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 164: 129-137. 48. Bloom, Y., Aravena, R., Hunkeler, D., Edwards, E. and Frape, S.K., 2000. Carbon isotope fractionation during microbial dechlorination of trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride: Implications for assessment of natural attenuation. Environmental Science and Technology, 34(13): 2768-2772. 47. Lyons, W.B., Frape, S.K. and Welch, K.A., 1999. History of McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, Antarctica, from stable chlorine isotope data. Geology, 27: 527-530. 46. Cecil, L.D., Green, J.R., Vogt, S., Frape, S.K., Davis, S.N., Cottrell, G.L. and Sharma, P., 1999. Chlorine-36 in water, snow and mid-latitude glacial ice of North America: Meteoric and weapons-

6 tests production in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho. U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations Report 99-4037. 45. Beneteau, K.M., Aravena, R. and Frape, S.K., 1999. Isotopic characterization of chlorinated solvents - laboratory and field results. Organic Geochemistry, 30, 739-753. 44. Cecil, D.L., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R., Flatt, H., and Tucker, B.J., 1998. The evaluation of chlorine isotopes in groundwater samples taken between 1966-93 from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho. U.S.G.S. Water Resources Report, 98-4008. 43. Husain, M.M., Cherry, J.A., Fidler, S. and Frape, S.K., 1998. On the long-term hydraulic gradient in the thick clayey aquitard in the Sarnia Region, Ontario. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 35:986- 1003. 42. Harvey, F.E., Lee, D.R., Rudolph, D.L. and Frape, S.K., 1997. Locating groundwater discharge in large lakes using bottom sediment electrical conductivity mapping. Water Resources Research, 33(11): 2609-2615. 41. Harvey, F.E., Frape, S.K. and Drimmie, R.J., 1997. Isotopic variations in Hamilton Harbour water as an indicator of Lake Ontario exchange Flow. Journal of Great Lakes Res., 23: 169-176. 40. Johnston, C.T., Cook, P.F., Frape, S.K., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E. and Blackport, R.J., 1998. Groundwater age and nitrate distribution within a glacial aquifer system: Implications for groundwater protection and management. Ground Water, 33: 171-180. 39. Harvey, F.E., Rudolph, D.L. and Frape, S.K., 1997. Measurement of hydraulic properties in deep lake sediments using a tethered pore-pressure probe: Application in the Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario. Water Res. Res., 33: 1917-1928. 38. Warren, C.J., Drimmie, R.J., Kanters, W.A. and Frape, S.K., 1996. Clay mineralogy of Lake Ontario sediments. International Journal Great Lakes Research, 22: 864-870. 37. Stimson, J., Rudolph, D.L., Frape, S.K. and Drimmie, R.J., 1996. Tritium sources and dating in a large alluvial flour system, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Jour. Hydrology,180:155-172. 36. Lacombe, S., Sudicky, E.A., Frape, S.K. and Unger, AmJ.A., 1995. Influence of leaky boreholes on cross-formational groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Water Resour. Res., 31:1871- 1882. 35. van Warmerdam, E., Frape, S.K., Aravena, R., Drimmie, R., Flatt, H. and Cherry, J.A., 1995. Stable chlorine and carbon isotope measurements of selected chlorinated organic solvents. Applied Geochem., 10:547-552. 34. Weaver, T.R., Frape, S.K. & Cherry, J.A., 1995. Fluid inputs determined by stable-isotope and major-ion chemistry of groundwater from the oil-bearing Dundee Formation, southwestern Ontario, Canada: a multi-component mixing model. GSA Bulletin, 107:697-707. 33. Coniglio, M., Sherlock, R., Middleton, K., Williams-Jones, A.E. & Frape, S.K., 1994. Burial and Hydrothermal Diagenesis of Ordovician Carbonates from the Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada. Canada Publs., Int. Assoc. Sediment., 21:231-254. 32. Fritz, P., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J., Appleyard, E.C. & Hattori, K., 1994. Sulfate in Brines in the Crystalline Rocks of the Canadian Shield. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta., 58:57-65. 31. Sherwood Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Macko, S.A., Welhan, J.A., Blomqvist, R. and Lahermo, P.W., 1994. Evidence for bacterially generated hydrocarbon gas in Canadian Shield and Fennoscandian Shield rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57:5073-5085. 30. Sherwood Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P. and Macko, S., 1994. Abiogenic methanogenesis in crystalline rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57:5087-5097. 29. Sherwood Lollar, B., Frape, S.K. and Weise, S.M., 1994. New sampling devices for environmental characterization of groundwater and dissolved gas chemistry (CH4, N2, He).

7 Environ. Sci. Tech., 28:2423-2427. 28. Sherwood Lollar, B., Weise, S.M., Frape, S.K. and Barker, J.F., 1994. Isotopic constraints on the migration of hydrocarbon and helium in southwest Ontario. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol., 42:283-295. 27. Kaufmann, R.S., Frape, S.K., McNutt, R.H. & Eastoe, C. 1993. Chlorine Stable Isotope Distribution of Michigan Basin Formation Waters. Applied Geochemistry. V8, pp.403-407. 26. Middleton, K., Coniglio, M., Sherlock, R. & Frape, S.K. 1993. Dolomitization of Middle Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs, Southwestern Ontario. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol. V41, pp.150-163. 25. Thomas, R.L., McMillan, R.K., Bowlby, J.R., Frape, S.K., Keyes, D., Lewis, M. & Mohajes, J., 1993. Tectonic Implications of Deformation in the Bottom Sediments of Western and Southeastern Lake Ontario. Geographie Physique Quaternaire, 47:325-335. 24. Ivanovich, M., Blomqvist, R. & Frape, S.K. 1992. Rock/Water Interaction Study in Deep Crystalline Rocks Using Isotopic and Uranium Series Radionuclide Techniques. Radiochimica Acta. V58/59, pp. 401-408. 23. Franklyn, M.T., McNutt, R.H., Kamineni, D.C., Gascoyne M., & Frape, S.K., 1991. Groundwater 87Sr/86Sr values in the Eye-Dashwa Lakes Pluton, Canada: Evidence for plagioclase - Water Reaction. Isotopic Geoscience, V. 86, pp. 111-122. 22. Siegel, D.I., Szustakowski, R. & Frape, S.K. 1991. A regional evaluation of brine mixing in the Albion Group (Silurian) sandstones of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. Bull. Assoc. Petrol. Geochem. Explor. 21. McNutt, R.H., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Jones, M.G. & MacDonald, I.M. 1990. The 87Sr/86Sr values of Canadian Shield brines and fracture minerals with applications to groundwater mixing, fracture history and geochronology. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 54 no.1, pp.205-215. 20. Clauer, N., Frape, S.K. & Fritz, B.(Bertrand), 1989. Calcite veins of Stripa Granite (Sweden) as records of the origin of the groundwaters and their interactions with the granite body. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 53, no. 8, pp.1777-1781. 19. Fritz, P., Fontes, J.Ch., Frape, S.K., Louvat, D., Michelot, J.L. & Balderer, W. 1989. The isotope geochemistry of carbon in groundwater at Stripa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 53, no. 8, pp.1765-1776. 18. Love, D.A., Frape, S.K., Gibson, I.L. & Jones, M.G. 1989. 18O and 13C isotopic composition of secondary carbonates from basaltic lavas cored during the drilling of hole 642E, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 104. Proc. of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, V. 104, pp.449-455. 17. Sherwood, B., Fritz, P., Frape, S.K., Macko, S.A., Weise, S.M., & Welhan, J.A., 1988 . Methane occurrences in the Canadian Shield. Chemical Geology, 71, pp. 223-236. 16. O'Shea, K.J. & Frape, S.K., 1988. Authigenic illite in the Lower Silurian Cataract Group sandstones of southern Ontario. Bull. Can. Petr. Geology, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 158-167. 15. O'Shea, K.J., Miles, M.C., Fritz, P., Frape, S.K. & Lawson, D.E., 1988. Oxygen-18 and carbon-13 in the carbonates of the Salina formation of southwestern Ontario. The Can. J. of Earth Sciences, vol. 25, pp. 182-194. 14. Fritz, P., Lapcevic, P.A., Miles, M., Frape, S.K., Lawson, D.E.& O'Shea, K.J., 1988. Stable isotopes in sulphate minerals from the Salina formation in southwestern Ontario. Can. J. of Earth Sciences, vol. 25, pp. 195-205. 13. McNutt, R.H., Frape, S.K. & Dollar, P., 1987. The strontium, oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of brines, Michigan and Appalachian Basins, Ontario and Michigan. Applied Geochemistry, vol. 2, pp. 495-505. 12. Mungall, J.E., Frape, S.K., Gibson, I.L. & Kamineni, D.C. (1987). Rare-earth abundance in host granitic rocks and fracture filling gypsum associated with saline groundwaters from a deep

8 borehole, Atikokan, Ontario. The Can. Mineralogist, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 539-543. 11. Frape, S.K. & Fritz. P., 1987. Geochemical trends for groundwaters from the Canadian Shield: in Saline Water and Gases in Crystalline Rocks, Editors: P. Fritz and S.K. Frape. G.A.C. Special Paper 33, pp. 19-38. 10. Fritz, P., Frape, S.K. & Miles, M., 1986. Methane in the Canadian Shield: in Saline Water and Gases in Crystalline Rocks, Editors: P. Fritz and S.K. Frape. G.A.C. Special Paper 33, pp. 211-224. 9. Kaufmann, R., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P. & Bentley, H., 1986. Chlorine stable isotope composition of Canadian Shield brines: in Saline Water and Gases in Crystalline Rocks, Editors: P. Fritz and S.K. Frape. G.A.C. Special Paper 33, pp. 89-94. 8. Fritz, P., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J. & Heemskerk, A.R., 1986. Reply to comments by Grabczak et al. on "Water-rock interaction and chemistry of groundwaters from the Canadian Shield". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, V 50, pp. 1561-1563. 7. Frape, S.K., Fritz, P. and McNutt, R.H., 1984. Water-rock interaction and chemistry of groundwaters from the Canadian Shield. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, V 48, no. 8, pp. 1617-1628. 6. Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1982. The chemistry and isotopic composition of saline groundwaters from the Sudbury Basin, Ontario. Can. J. of Earth Sciences, V 19, no. 4, pp. 645-661. 5. McNutt, R.H., Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1984. Strontium isotopic composition of some precambrian shield brines. Isotope Geoscience, 2, pp. 205-215. 4. Fritz, P. & Frape, S.K., 1982. Saline groundwaters in the Canadian Shield, a first review. Chemical Geology, Vol. 36, pp. 179-180. 3. Frape, S.K. & Patterson, R.J., 1981. Chemistry of interstitial water and bottom sediments as indicators of seepage patterns in Perch Lake, Chalk River, Ontario. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 500-517. 2. Patterson, R.J., Frape, S.K., Dykes, L.S. & McLeod, R.A., 1978. A coring and squeezing technique for the detailed study of sub-surface water chemistry. Can. J. of Earth Sciences, Vol. 15, pp. 162-169. 1. Patterson, R.J., Dykes, L.S., Frape, S.K., McLeod, R.A. & Wickens, J., 1978. A new method for collecting water samples from beneath the ice. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 23, no. 5, p. 1029.

Books and Book Chapters

5. Frape, S.K., Blyth, A., Stotler, R.L., Rusekeeniemi, T., Blomqvist, R, McNutt, R.H. and Gascoyne, M. 2013. In: Drever J. J. (ed.) Treatise in Geochemistry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier. (in press). 4. Frape, S.K., Blyth, A., Blomqvist, R., McNutt, R.H. and Gascoyne, M., 2004. Deep Fluids in the Continents: II. Crystalline Rocks. Chapter 17 in Treatise of Geochemistry: Surface and Ground Water, Weathering and Soils, Vol 5, Elsevier, J.I. Drever, Ed, pp. 541-580. 3. Green, J.R., Cecil, L.D., and Frape, S.K., 2004. Methods of Mid-and Low-Latitude Glacial Record Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation. Chapter in: Earth Paleoenvironments: Records Preserved in Mid and Low Latitude Glaciers. Textbook for Kluwer Academic Publishers, Cecil, L.D., Green, J.R. and Thompson, L.G., editors, 249 pages. 2. Wood, W., Sanford, W.E. and Frape, S., 2002. Coastal Sabkhat: Chemical openness and potential for misinterpretation of solute environment. Submitted as a book chapter to Evapourite Publishers. 1. Fritz, P. & Frape, S.K. (editors), 1987. Saline water and gases in crystalline rocks. G.A.C. Special Paper 33, 259 pages.

9

Publications in Symposia Proceedings

61. Frape, S., Stotler, R. and Harvey F.E. 2013. The isotopic distribution of 37Cl and 81Br in Highly Evaporated Alkaline Lakes of the Sand Hills, Nebraska, U.S.A. 10th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry, Budapest, Hungary. 60. Vakili, F., Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S. 2013. The behaviour of stable isotopes of chlorinated solvents during diffusion and sorption processes in low-permeabile zones:Isotopic tools to study the fate of organic contaminants. 10th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry, Budapest, Hungary. 59. Waber, H.N., Hobbs, M.Y. and Frape, S.K. 2013. Assessing initial conditions for chloride transport across low-permeablitity argillaceous rocks, Wellenberg, Switzerland. . Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 7, 875-879. 58. Gwynne, R., Frape, S., Shouakar-Stash, O., & Love, A. 2013. 81Br, 37 Cl, and87Sr Studies to Assess Groundwater Flow and Solute Sources in the Southwestern Great Artesian Basin, Australia. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 7, 330-333. 57. Le Gal La Salle, C., Matray, J-M., Bensenouci, F., Michelot, J-L., Dauzères, A., Witterbroodt, C., Frape, S δ37Cl Profiles in Porewater Across a 250m-thick Indurated Argillite at the Tournemire URL (France) Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 7, 471-474. 56. Cicci, L., Henkemans, E., Gerber, R., Millar, M., Kemp, W. and Frape, S.K. 2011. Revisiting isotopic tracers studies with a special focus on , Southern Ontario, Canada. 9th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry, Tarragona, Spain. 55. Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Makahnouk, M., Ruskeenieumi, T., Claesson-Liljedhal, L., A. Engstrom, J. and Hobbs, M., 2011. Geochemical processes affecting surface and groundwaters in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland. 9th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry, Tarragona, Spain. 54. Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Hobbs, M., Lintinen, P. and Makahnouk, M., 2009. Geochemical and isotopic characterization of surface waters, Kangerlussuaq, Greenland. 8th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry. 53. Gerber, R.E., Doughty, M., Holysh, S., Frape, S.K. and Henkemans, 2009. Flow system dynamics: Isotope tracer studies, south-central Ontario. CGS-IAH/CNC: Halifax, September 2009. 52. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Gargini, A., Pasini, M., Drimmie, R.J. and Aravena, R., 2007. Compound-specific chlorine stable isotope of vinyl chloride by continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS). In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Advances in Isotope Hydrology and it sRole in Sustainable Water Resources Management. IAEA, Vienna, Austria, vol. 1, 615-623. 51. Freifeld, B.M., Onstott, T.C., Chan, E., Pratt, L.J., Johnson, A., Stotler, R., Holden, B., Frape, S., Pfiffner, S., DiFurio, S., Ruskeeniemi, T. and Neill, I., 2008. Deployment of a deep borehole observatory at the High Lake Project Site, Nanuvut, Canada. Ninth International Permafrost Conference, v. 1: 469-474. 50. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Hobbs, M. and Pratt, L., 2007. Post-genetic fractionation of δ13C and δ2H in methane in permafrost environments due to methane-hydrate formation. 7th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 10-14 September, 2007, 1-2. 49. Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O., Paces, T. and Stotler, R., 2007. Geochemical and isotopic

10 characteristics of the waters from crystalline and sedimentary structures of the Bohemian Massif. Water Rock Interaction (WRI-12), Vol 1:727-733. 48. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Hobbs, M.Y. and Kennell, L., 2007. Origin and evolution of waters from Paleozoic formations, Southern Ontario, Canada: Additional evidence from δ37Cl and δ81Br isotopic signatures. Water Rock Interaction (WRI-12), Vol 1: 537-541. 47. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Gargini, A., Pasini, M., Drimmie, R.J. and Aravena, R., 2007. Compound-specific chlorine stable isotope of vinyl chloride by continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS). International Symposium on Advances in Isotope Hydrology and its Role in Sustainable Water Resources Management, (HIS-2007), IAEA, Vienna, Austria. 46. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Rostron, B.J. and Drimmie, R.J., 2005. Geochemistry and stable isotopic signatures, including bromine and chlorine isotopes of the Williston Basin (Canada-USA). 6th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry, Brevnov Abbey, Prague, Czech Republic, September 11-16, 2005, 223-224. 45. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O., Ruskeeniemi, T. and Blomqvist, R., 2005. Evolution of crystalline shield brines and the application of δ37Cl and δ81Br analyses. 6th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry, Brevnov Abbey, Prague, Czech Republic, September 11-16, 2005, 232-233. 44. Frape, S.K., Sacchi, E., Pennisi, M., Scandiffio, G., Zhang, M. and Zuppi, G.M., 2004. Stable isotopes of Cl and B in fluids from the Larderello geothermal field. International Workshop on the Application of Isotope Techniques in Hydrological and Environmental Studies, UNESCO, Paris, France, September 6-8, 2004. 43. Stotler, R.L., Jones, J.P., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J., Johnson, C.T. and Judd-Henry, I., 2004. Urbanization of rural watersheds in the Region of Waterloo: Implications for water quality. Groundwater Quality, 2004, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, July 19-22, 2004. 42. Zhang, M., Hobb, M.Y., Frape, S.K., Nordstrom, D.K., Ball, J.W. and McCleskey, R.B., 2004. Stable chlorine isotopic composition of geothermal waters from Yellowstone National Park. In Proceedings of Water-Rock Interaction 11, Saratoga Springs, NY, June 27 – July 2, 2004. 41. Alexeev, S.V., Alexeeva, L.P., Shouakar-Stash, O. and Frape, S.K., 2004. Geochemical and isotope features of brines of the Siberian platform. In Proceedings of Water-Rock Interaction 11, Saratoga Springs, NY, June 27 – July 2, 2004. 40. Lelhmann, B.E., Purtschert, R., Loosli, H.H., Love, A., Collon, P., Kutschera, W., Beyerle, U., Aeschbach-Hertig, W., Kipfer, R. and Frape, S.K., 2002. 81Kr-calibration of 36Cl- and 4He- evolution in the western Great Artesian Basin, Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Abstracts of the 12th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Switzerland, August 2002, 66(15A), A445. 39. Hesse, R., Egeberg, P.K. and Frape, S.K., 2001. Modelling of chlorine stable istope ratios of a submarine gas-hydrate field. Water Rock Interaction 10, Sardinia, Italy, June, 2001. 38. Waber, H.N., Frape, S.K. and Gautschi, A., 2000. Cl-isotopes as indicator for a complex paleohydrogeology in Jurassic argillaceous rocks, Switzerland. Water Rock Interaction 10, Sardinia, Italy, June, 2001. 37. Weaver, T.R., Frape, S.K. and Cherry, J.A., 2000. Decoupling solute distributions from groundwater flow in low permeability media. Water Rock Interaction 10, Sardinia, Italy, June, 2001. 36. Casanova, J., Negrel, Ph., Frape, S., Kaija, J. and Blomqvist, R., 1999. Multi isotopes geochemistry of the Palmottu hydrosystem (Finland). Fifth International Symposium on theGeochemistry of the Earth’s Surface, August 12-20, 1999, Reyjavik, Iceland.

11 35. Aravena, R., Hunkeler, D., Bloom, Y., Butler, B., Edwards, E., Frape, S.K. and Cox, E., 1999. Application of compound-specific carbon isotope ratios in organic contaminant studies. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Isotope Techniques in Water Resources Development and Management, Vienna, May 1-14, 7 pp. 34. Aravena, R., Beneteau, K., Frape, S., Butler, B., Abrajano, T., Major, D. and Cox, E., 1998. Application of isotopic finger-printing for biodegradation studies of chlorinated solvents in groundwater. In: G.B. Wickramanayake and R.E. Hinchee (eds.), Risk, Resource, and Regulatory Issues: Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, pp. 67-71. 33. Pitkanen, P., Kaija, J., Blomqvist, R., Smellie, J.A.T., Frape, S.K., Laaksoharju, M., Negrel, P., Casanova, J. and Karhu, J., 1998. Hydrogeochemical interpretation of groundwater at Palmottu. 8th European Commission – Natural Analogue working Group Meeting, Strasbourg, France, 23-25 March, 1999. 32. Smellie, J.A.T., Blomqvist, R., Frape, S.K., Pitkanen, P., Ruskeeniemi, T., Suksi, J., Casanova, J., Gimeno, M.J. and Kaija, J., 1998. Palaeohydrogeological implications for long-term hydrochemical stability at Palmottu. 8th European Commission – Natural Analogue working Group Meeting, Strasbourg, France, 23-25 March, 1999. 31. Frape, S.K., Bryant, G., Durance, P., Ropchan, J.C., Doupe, J., Blomqvist, R., Nissinen, P. and Kaija, J., 1998. The source of stable chlorine isotopic signatures in groundwaters from crystalline shield rocks. In Arehart, G.B. and Hulston, J.R. (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction – WRI-9/Taupo/New Zealand, March 30-April 3, 1998. 30. Husain, H.M., Cherry, J.A. and Frape, S.K., 1995. Origin and movement of groundwater in a regional aquifer-aquitard system. IAH Congress XXVI, June 1995, Edmonton, Canada. 29. Drimmie, R.J. and Frape, S.K., 1995. Stable chlorine isotopes in sediment pore waters of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. International Symposium on Isotopes in Water Resources Management, I.A.E.A., Vienna, Austria, March, 1995. 28. Aravena, R., Frape, S.K., Moore, B.J., Van Warmerdam, E., and Drimmie, R.J., 1995. Use of environmental isotopes in organic contaminants research in groundwater systems. International Symposium on Isotopes in Water Resources Management, I.A.E.A., Vienna, Austria, March, 1995. 27. Frape, S.K., Blomqvist, R., Bryant, G. and Ruskeeniemi, T. (1995). Evidence from stable chlorine isotopes for multiple sources of chloride in groundwaters from crystalline shield environments. International Symp. on Isotopes in Water Res. Management, I.A.E.A., Vienna, Austria, March, 1995. IAEA-SM-336, pp. 19-30. 26. McDermott, F., Ivanovich, M., Frape, S.K. and Hawkesworth, C.J., 1995. Paleoclimatic controls on hydrological systems: Evidence from U-Th dated calcite veins in the Fennoscandian and Canadian shields. Int. Symp. on Isotopes in Water Res. Management, I.A.E.A., Vienna, Austria, March 1995, pp. 401-416. 25. Murray-Morden, M.J., Frape, S.K., Bowins, R.J., McNutt, R.H., Drimmie, R.J.*, and Thomas, R.L. 1993. Groundwater transport and accumulation of trace metals into Lake Ontario sediments. Proc., 9th Intl. Conf., Heavy Metals in the Environment, Toronto, Ontario. 1:48-52. 24. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K., and Thomas, R.L., 1993. Stable isotope signature of glacial melt water in the sediments of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Proc., Intl. Symp. Isotope Techniques in Studying Past and Curent Environmental Changes in the Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere, IAEA-SM-29. 23. Stimson, J., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J. & Rudolph, D.L. (1993). Causes of groundwater salinization in a low-lying area of Cochabamba Valley, Bolivia. In "Isotope Techniques in Studying Past and Current Environmental Changes in the Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere",

12 Proceedings of an International Symposium IAEA-SM-329, pp. 22. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K. & Thomas, R.L. (1993). Stable isotope signature of glacial melt water in the sediments of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. In "Isotope Techniques in Studying Past and Curent Environmental Changes in the Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere", Proceedings of an International Symposium IAEA-SM-29, pp. 21. Kamineni, D.C., Gascoyne, M., Melnyk, T.W., Frape, S.K. & Blomqvist, R. 1992. Cl and Br in mafic and ultramafic rocks: Significance for the origin of salinity in groundwater. 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Park City, Utah, U.S.A. July 1992. Balkema Pub. Co. pp. 206-210. 20. McKenna, C.M., McNutt, R.H. & Frape, S.K. 1992. Lead and strontium isotopic data on brines from the Michigan basin, Ontario and Michigan. 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Park City, Utah, U.S.A., July 1992. Balkema Pub. Co. pp. 240-244. 19. Weaver, T.R., Frape, S.K. & Cherry, J.A., 1992. Mixing of groundwater with isotopically district signature: A multi-component mising model for the Dundee Formation of southwestern Ontario. In Proc. of WRX-7, Park City, Vtah, Kharaka (ed.), Balkema, Rotterdam pp. 410-414. 18. Kaufmann, R.S., Frape, S.K., McNutt, R.H., and Eastoe, C. 1992. Chlorine stable isotope distribution of Michigan Basin and Canadian Shield formation waters. 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Park City, Utah, U.S.A., July 1992. Balkema Pub. Co. pp. 219-224. 17. Frape, S.K., Blyth, A.R., Jones, M.G., Blomqvist, R., McNutt, R.H., Tullborg, E.L., McDermott, F. & Ivanovich, M. 1992. A comparison of calcite fracture mineralogy and geochemistry for the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields. 7th Int. Symp. on Water-Rock Interaction, Park City, Utah, U.S.A., July 1992. Balkema Publ. Co. pp. 130-135. 16. Stimson, J., Frape, S.K. Drimmie, R.J., Rudolph, D.L. & Farvolden, R.N. (1992). Evolucion isotopica y geoquimica de las aquas subterraneas en el Valle de Cochabamba, Bolivia. In "Recursos Hidricos y Medio Ambiente, Cochabamba". 15. Bursey, G.G., Edwards, T.W.D., & Frape, S.K. 1990. Water balance and geochemistry studies in a tundra watershed, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories, Canada. Proc. of the Northern Hydrology Symposium, Saskatoon, Sask., August, 1990. 14. Siegel, D.E., Frape, S.K., Martini, A., Drimmie, R.J. & Thomas, R.L., 1990 (invited). Heavy metal transport to the Great Lakes by natural ground water discharge: An initial evaluation. American Water Resources Association meeting on International and Transboundary Water Resources Issues, Toronto, April 1990. 13. Bursey, G.G., Edwards, T.W.D. & Frape, S.K., 1990. Hydrology and Geochemistry Studies, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories, Canada. Proceedings of the Fifth Can. Permafrost Conf., Quebec, 1990. NRCC pp. 159-165. 12. Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P. , 1989. Comments on the origin and evolution of saline groundwaters from crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield. In the technology of high-level nuclear waste disposal - Advances in the science and engineering of the management of high-level nuclear wastes, U.S. DOE - BATTELLE, Columbus, Ohio. 11. Sherwood-Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Baleshta, J., Barber, A., Fritz, P., Pronovost, J., Raude, D., Blomquist, R. & Welhan, J.A., 1989. Measurement of volatile and aqueous geochemical properties in shallow and deep groundwaters: two innovative sampling devices. Proceedings of Conference, New Field Techniques, eds. Molz, F.J., Melville, J.G. and Guven, O. National Water Well Assoc., Dallas, TX, March 20-23, 1989, pp. 785-794. 10. Drimmie, R.J., Fritz, P., Frape, S.K. & Render, F.W., 1987. Sulphate-water oxygen isotope exchange as a tool for dating old groundwater. International Symposium on the Use of Isotope

13 Techniques in Water Resources Development. I.A.E.A. - United Nations, Vienna, Austria, April, 1987. 9. Fritz, P., Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K. & O'Shea, K.J., 1987. The isotopic composition of precipitation and groundwater in Canada. International Symposium on the Use of Isotope Techniques in Water Resources Development. I.A.E.A. - United Nations, Vienna, Austria, April, 1987. 8. Fritz, P., Fontes, J.C. & Frape, S.K., 1985. Stable isotope and radiocarbon analyses at the Stripa test site. SKB/OECD Intern. Symp. Stripa Project, Stockholm, June 1985, pp. 107-119. 7. Frape, S.K., Fritz, P. & Blackmer, A.J., 1984. Saline groundwater discharges from crystalline rocks near Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Int. Symp. on Hydrochemical Balances of Freshwater Systems. Uppsala, Sweden, September 1984, pp. 369-379. 6. Dickin, R., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Leech, R. & Pearson, R., 1984. Groundwater chemistry to depths of 1,000 meters in low permeability granitic rocks of the Canadian Shield. Int. Symp. on Groundwater Resources Utilization and Contaminant Hydrogeology, I.A.H. Montreal, Canada, May 1984. 5. Frape, S.K., Fritz, P. & McNutt, R.H., 1983. The Origin and evolution of saline groundwaters in the Canadian Shield. Fourth Int. Symp. on Water-Rock Interaction, Misasa, Japan, September 1983, pp. 141-144. 4. Fritz, P., Al-Mooji, Y., Frape, S.K. & Salati, E. (1983). Saline ground waters in crystalline rocks, isotopic and geochemical consideration on their origin. Int. Conf. on Ground Water and Man, Sydney, Australia. December 1983, 10 p. 3. Frape, S.K., Fritz, P. & Pearson, R., 1981. Deep saline groundwaters within the Canadian Shield. Proc. Second Annual Conf., Canadian Nuclear Society, Ottawa, June 1981, pp. 70-79. 2. Fritz, P. & Frape, S.K., 1980. Comments on the 18O, 2H and chemical composition of saline groundwaters on the Canadian Shield. Proc. A.G.C. Symp. Studies of Hydrologic Processes (editors, E.C. Perry Jr. and C.W. Montgomery), pp., 57-64, University of Northern Illinois, DeKalb. 1. Frape, S.K., Patterson, R.J. & Gorman, W.A., 1979. Chemical characteristics of seepage into Perch Lake. In Hydrological and Geochemical Studies in the Perch Lake Basin: A Second Report of Progress (ed. P.J. Barry), Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 6404, pp. 231-242.

Non-Refereed Publications/Technical Reports 65. Hobbs, M.Y., Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O and Kennell, L.R., 2011. OPG’s Deep Geological Repository for Low and Intermediate Level Waste: Regional Hydrogeochemistry – Southern Ontario, NWMO DGR-TR-2011-12. 64. Frape, S.K., 2010. The Greenland Analogue Project, Yearly Report 2009. Report R-10-59. Swedish Nucleaer Fuel and Waste Management Company, Stockholm, Sweden. 63. Aaltonen, I., Douglas, B., Frape, S.K., Henkemans, E., Hobbs, M., Klint, K.E., Lehtinen, A., Liljedahl, L.C., Lintinen, P. and Ruskeeniemi, T., 2010. The Greenland Analogue Project, Sub- Project C: 2008 Field and Data Report. Working Report 2010-62, Posiva. 62. Sudicky, E.A., Illman, W.A., Frape, S.K. and Yeh, T.-C.J., 2009. Quarterly Progress Report, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, January, 2009. 61. Sudicky, E.A., Illman, W.A., Frape, S.K. and Yeh, T.-C.J., 2009. Quarterly Progress Report, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, April, 2009. 60. Sudicky, E.A., Illman, W.A., Frape, S.K. and Yeh, T.-C.J., 2009. Annual Report, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, May, 2009. 59. Illman, W.A., Sudicky, E.A. and Frape, S.K., 2009. Semiannual Progress Report, Ontario Ministry

14 of the Environment, June, 2009. 58. Sudicky, E.A., Illman, W.A., Frape, S.K. and Yeh, T.-C.J., 2009. Quarterly Progress Report, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, July, 2009. 57. Sudicky, E.A., Illman, W.A., Frape, S.K. and Yeh, T.-C.J., 2009. Quarterly Progress Report, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, October, 2009. 56. Illman, W.A., Sudicky, E.A. and Frape, S.K., 2009. Semiannual Progress Report, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, December, 2009. 54. Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Meteer, L., Gerber, R. and Ford, D., 2009. The age, geochemistry and isotopic composition of groundwater in the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada. Report for York Region. 53. Holden, B., Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Talikka, M. and Freifeld, B.M., 2009. High Lake Permafrost Comparison Site: Permafrost Phase IV, Report No: NWMO TR-2009-11. 52. Hobbs, M.Y., Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O. and Kennell, L.R., 2008. OPG’s Deep Geologic Repository for Low & Intermediate Level Waste. Phase I Regional Hydrogeochemistry, Southern Ontario, Report No: OPG 00216-REP-01300-00006-R00. 51. Stotler, R.L., Holden, B., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Talikka, M. and Freifeld, B.M., 2009. High lake permafrost comparison site: Permafrost Phase IV. Nuclear Waste Management Organization, Report No.: NWMO TR-2009-10. 50. Illman, W.A., Sudicky, E.A. and Frape, S.K., 2008. Semiannual Progress Report, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, June, 2008. 49. Sudicky, E.A., Illman, W.A., Frape, S.K. and Yeh, T.-C.J., 2008. Quaterly Progress Report, Strategic Research and Development Program, July, 2008. 48. Sudicky, E.A., Illman, W.A., Frape, S.K. and Yeh, T.-C.J., 2008. Quarterly Progress Report, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, October, 2008. 47. Illman, W.A., Sudicky, E.A. and Frape, S.K., 2008. Semiannual Progress Report, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, December, 2008. 46. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Ahonen, L., Paananen, M., Hobbs, M.Y. and Zhang, M., 2007. Hydrogeochemistry of groundwaters at and below the base of the permafrost at Lupin: Report of Phase III. Ontario Power Generation Nuclear Waste Management Division, Report No: 06819-REP-01200-xxxxxx-R00. 45. Ruskeenieumi, T., Ahonen, L., Paananen, M., Frape, S.K., Stotler, R., Hobbs, M., Kaija, J., Degnan, P., Blomqvist, R., Jensen, M., Lehto, K., Moren, L., Puigdomenech, I. and Snellman, M., 2004. Permafrost at Lupin, Report of Phase II. Geological Survey of Finland Report YST-119. 44. Frape, S.K., Stotler, R.L., Ruskeeniemi, T., Ahonen, L., Paannanen, M. and Hobbs, M.Y., 2004. Ontario Power Generation, Nuclear Waste Management, Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwaters at and Below the Base of the Permafrost at Lupin: Report of Phase II. OPG Rep. 06819-REP-01300- 10047-ROO, 74p. 43. Frape, S.K., Stotler, R.L., Hobbs, M.Y., Ruskeeniemi, T., Ahonen, L. and Paannanen, M., 2004. Ontario Power Hydrogeochemistry Report – Phase I: Permafrost at Lupin, OPG Rep. 06819-REP- 01200-xxxxx-R00, 78p. 42. Stotler, R. and Frape, S., 2003. Proposal to Waterloo Region to Analyze Groundwater Travel Times in the Western Moraine – Phase II. (Project 8290-108436). 41. Smellie, J., Waber, H.N. and Frape, S.K., 2003. Matrix Fluid Experiment: Final Report. June 1998-March 2003, Technical Report TR-03-18. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., Stockholm, Sweden. 40. Smellie, J., Waber, H.N. and Frape, S.K., 2002. Matrix Fluid Experiment: Final Report.

15 Dkupforvarsteknik Tech. Doc. (TD-02-XX), SKB, Stockholm, Sweden. 41. Ruskeenieum, T., Paananen, M., Ahonen, L., Kaija, J., Kuivamaki, A., Frape, S., Moren, L. and Degnan, P., 2002. Permafrost at Lupin: Report of Phase I. Geological Survey of Finland, Nuclear Waste Disposal Research (Report YST-112). 40. Zhang, M. and Frape, S., 2002. Evolution of elemental and isotopic compositions during freezing of groundwater: Evidence for the identification of permafrost components in crystalline shield groundwaters. Ontario Power Generation, Toronto (Report No. 06819-REP-01200-xxxxx-R00). 38. Waber, H.N., Frape, S.K. and Smellie, J.A.T., 2002. Matrix Fluid Chemistry Experiment: Pore water leachates and borehole water. Dkupförvarsteknik Tech. Doc. (TD-02-XX), SKB, Stockholm, Sweden. 37. Hurst, D. and Frape, S., 2002. Matrix Fluid Chemistry Experiment: Dkupförvarsteknik Tech. Doc. (TD-02-XX), SKB, Stockholm, Sweden. 36. Blyth, A. and Frape, S., 2002. Matrix Fluid Chemistry Experiment: Evolution of the Äspö groundwaters with time – Additional information from tritium and 37Cl. Dkupförvarsteknik Tech. Doc. (TD-02-XX), SKB, Stockholm, Sweden. 35. Lindblom, S., Blyth, A., Gehör, S., Waber, N. and Frape, S., 2002. Matrix Fluid Chemistry Experiment: Quartz-fluid interaction – Fluid inclusions and the matrix fluid. Synthesis of an inter- laboratory study. Dkupförvarsteknik Tech. Doc. (TD-02-XX), SKB, Stockholm, Sweden. 34. Waber, N. and Frape, S., 2002. Matrix Fluid Chemistry Experiment: Drillcore pore water leaching studies and borehole water. Dkupförvarsteknik Tech. Doc. (TD-02-XX), SKB, Stockholm, Sweden. 33. Blyth, A., Frape, S.K., Blomqvist, R., Nissinen, P. and McNutt, R., 1998. Fracture mineral isotopic and fluid inclusion signatures at the Olkiluto Research Site, Finland. Posiva Technical Report 98-04, 60p. 32. Ruskeeniemi, T., Blomqvist, R., Lindberg, A., Ahonen, L. and Frape, S., 1996. Hydrogeochemistry of deep groundwaters of mafic and ultramafic rocks in Finland. Posiva Technical Report 96-21, 123 p. 31. Cecil, L.D., Vogt, S., Frape, S.K., Davis, S.N., Cottrell, G.L. and Sharma, P., 1997. Chlorine-36 in water, snow, and mid-latitude glacial ice of North America; meteoric and weapons-tests production in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Water Resources Investigations Report 97. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy. 30. Turner, J.V. and Frape, S.K., 1995. Hydrogeochemical modelling and mineralogical investigations on groundwater and the aquifer matrix at the Kwinana Nickel Refinery. Draft Report to Western Mining Corporation Ltd., 125p. 29. Townley, L.R., Turner, J.V., Otto, C.J., Barr, A.D., Frape, S.K., Nield, S.P., Hingston, F.J., Farrington, P., Wright, K.D., Galbraith, J.H., Watson, G.D., Gailitis, V. and Woodbury, R.J., 1995. Groundwater contamination near Baldivis Tailings Pond. Final Report to Western Mining Corporation Ltd., 392p. 28. Blomqvist, R., Ruskeeniemi, T., Lindberg, A., Talvisto, T., Ahonen, L. & Frape, S.K. 1993. Emaksis-Ultraemaksisten Kivilajien Syvien Kalliopohjavesien hydrogeokemia. Petrology and hydrogeochemistry of ultramafic rock sites. Technical report 93-12 to TVO power company, Finland. 120p. 27. From 1990 to present, Numerous technical reports on waters, gases, geology and cement for the Subsurface Advisory Team evaluating radioactive waste disposal in the Canadian Shield. 26. Ruskeeniemi, T., Frape, S.K., Blomqvist, R., Vuorela, P., & Blyth, A. 1993. Silicate Geothermometry in the Serpentinized Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusion of Ylivieska, Finland . Internal

16 Report of the Geological Survey of Finland, 32p. 25. Weaver, T.R., Frape, S.K., & Cherry, J.A., 1990. The effects of production practices on groundwater chemistry of the Devonian oil fields of the Lambton County area, southwestern Ontario. Proceedings of the Ontario Petroleum Institute, Nov. 14-16, 1990, London, Ontario. 24. Coniglio, M. & Frape, S.K. 1992. Diagenetic History of Ordovician and Devonian oil and Gas Reservoirs in Southwestern Ontario. Ont. Geol. Surv., Open File Report 5822, 332 p. 23. Blomqvist, R., Nissinen, P. & Frape, S.K. Dating of Fracture Minerals from the OLKILUOTO research site, Southwest Finland. Technical Report of the TVO Power Co. 200 pages (In Finnish). 22. Frape, S.K., Blomqvist, R., Nissinen, P., Blyth A. & McNutt, R.H. 1991. The Geochemistry of Fracture Filling Calcite at the OLKILUOTO research site, Southwest, Finland. Technical Report of the Geological Survey of Finland. 35 pages (In English). 21. Dollar, P.S., Frape, S.K.& McNutt, R.H. 1991. Geochemistry of Formation Waters, Southwestern Ontario Canada and Southern Michigan, U.S.A.: Implications for Origin and Evolution Ontario Geol. Surv., Open File Report 5743, 72p. 20. Wadleigh, M.A., Longstaffe, F.J., McNutt, R.H. & Frape, S.K. 1991. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Diagenetic Carbonates in Cambro-Ordovician Sedimentary Rocks, Southwestern Ontario, Geoscience Research Grant Program, Ont., Final Report 50p. 19. Middleton, K., Coniglio, M. & Frape, S.K. 1991. Fracture - related diagenesis of Middle Ordovician Carbonate Reservoirs, Southwestern Ontario. Geoscience Research Grant Program. Ontario, Final Report, 141p. 18. Longstaffe, F.J., Frape, S.K., Coniglio, M. & Barnes, D.A. 1990. Introduction to Diagenesis: Methods and Applications. AAPG Short Course notes, Presented at Eastern Section AAPG, London, Ontario, Sept, 1990. 17. Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Gibson, I.L. and Kanrineni, D.C., 1989. Geochemistry of low temperature fracture filling minerals, Stripa, Sweden. in Hydrogeochemical Investi-gations in boreholes at Stripa Phase II, eds. Nordstrom, D.K. and Davis, S.N., 20 p. 16. Koehler I.I., Fordham C.J., Frape S.K. & Dusseault M.B. 1989. Geochemistry of Clear-water Formation Overburden. Unpublished AOSTRA report for Syncrude Ltd., 60p. 15. Sherwood-Lollar, B. & Frape, S.K., 1989. Report on Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic investigations at Ontario Hydro UN-2 and OHD-1 boreholes, submitted to Ontario Hydro, July, 1989, 30 p. 14. Dollar, P., Frape, S.K., McNutt, R.H., Fritz, P. & Macqueen, R.W., 1988. Geochemical Studies of Formation Waters, Southwestern Ontario, Canada and southern Michigan, U.S.A., Ontario Geol. Surv. Miscellaneous Paper 140, pp. 14-28. 13. Dollar, P., Frape, S.K., McNutt, R.H., Fritz, P. & Macqueen, R.W., 1987. Geochemical Studies of Formation Waters from Paleozoic Strata, Southwestern Ontario. Ontario Geol. Surv. Miscellaneous Paper 136, pp. 57-65. 12. Jones, M.G., Frape, S.K. & McNutt, R.H., 1987. A study of the late-stage secondary fracture mineralization at the Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. underground research laboratory site near Pinawa, Manitoba. Tech. Report for Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. 54 p. 11. Macdonald, I.M., Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1986. Water-rock interaction in felsic-rock environments of the Canadian Shield. Technical Report for Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 130 pages. 10. Dollar, P., Frape, S.K., McNutt, R.H., Fritz, P. & Macqueen, R.W., 1986. Geochemical Studies of Formation Waters from Paleozoic Strata, Southwestern Ontario. Ontario Geoscience Research Program, Summary of Research, 1985-86, Ontario Geol. Survey Miscellaneous Paper 130, pp. 147-154.

17 9. Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1985. Redox Measurements in Groundwater of the Canadian Shield. Technical Report for Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 85 pages. 8. Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1984. The chemistry and evolution of groundwaters found in the Canadian Shield. Technical Report for Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 288 pp. 7. Blackmer, A., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P. & Pehme, P., 1984. The Hydrogeochemistry and significance of Saline Seeps on the Canadian Shield. Technical Record, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 93 pages. 6. Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1982. The Occurrence and Geochemistry of Groundwaters on the Canadian Shield. Technical Record, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 74 pages. 5. Frape, S.K., Fritz, P. & McNutt, R.H., 1982. Regional Groundwater Studies in the Canadian Shield. In Proc. of the Fourteenth Information Meeting of the Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program. Technical Record 207, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd, pp. 233-238. 4. Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1982. An Initial summary of the Major-Minor Element Chemistry of Groundwaters from the Canadian Shield. Proc. Thirteenth Information Meeting of the Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program. Technical Record 201, Atomic Energy of Can. Ltd., pp. 43-46. 3. Fritz, P. & Frape, S.K., 1982. Estimates of the Ages of Deep Groundwaters in the Canadian Shield. Proc. Twelfth Information Meeting of the Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program. Technical Record 200, Atomic Energy of Can. Ltd., pp. 137-152. 2. Frape, S.K. & Fritz. P., 1981. A Preliminary Report on the Occurrence and Geochemistry of Saline Groundwaters on the Canadian Shield. Technical Record 136, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 60 p. 1. Smith, D.P., Frape, S.K., Gregoire, D.C. & Lavin, O.P., 1979. Water Quality Interpretive Report, Ontario, 1967-1977, (ed. R.N. McNeely). Water Quality Interpretive Report No. 3, Inland Water Directorate, Water Quality Branch, Environment Canada, 67 p.

Conference Presentations and Abstracts

153. Gerber, R.E., Holysh, S., Doughty, M., Labelle, L., Frape, S. and Halder, A. 2013. Flow system dynamics, south-central Ontario. CGS-IAH/CNC: GeoMontreal 2013. 152. Labelle, L, Henkemans, E., Frape. S, Gerber, R. and Millar, M. 2012. Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario: Groundwater Isotopic trends revisited. 39th International Association of Hydrogeologists Congress. Niagara Falls, Canada. 151. Labelle (Cicci), L., Frape, S.K., Gerber, R.E. and Henkemans, E. 2012. Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario: Groundwater Sustainability, Age and Mixing Scenarios employing environmental isotopic tracers.2012 NGWA Groundwater Summit, Garden Grove, California. 150. Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Claesson-Liljedahl, L. and Lehtinen, A., 2012. Groundwater evolution under permafrost conditions, South-West Greenland. Goldschmidt Conference, Montreal, Canada, June 2012. 149. Makahnouk, M., Frape, S.K., Blyth, A.R., Coniglio, M. and Drimmie, R.J., 2012. Fracture mineral investigations near Kangerlussuag, Greenland. Goldschmidt Conference, Montreal, Canada, June 2012. 148. Makahnouk, M., Ellis, B.L., Blyth, A.R., Frape, S.K. and Nazar, L.F., 2012. Passion for crystallography: An overview of research by a student. 2012 Peacock Lecture, Walker Mineralogy Club, University of Toronto (invited). 147. Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Claesson-Liljedahl, L., Lehtinen, A. and Annable, W., 2011. Hydrogeochemistry of groundwater as part of the Greenland Analogue Project in an area

18 of continuous permafrost adjacent to the Greenland Ice Sheet, Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (December 2011) San Francisco, USA. 146. Cicci, L., Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K. and Gerber, R., 2011. A large scale isotopic and geochemical study of the Oak Ridges Moraine insight into flow, sustainability and vulnerability. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (December 2011) San Francisco, USA. 145. Stotler, R.K., Frape, S.K., Harvey, F.E., Gosselin, D.C., Shouakar-Stash, O. and el Mugammar, H., 2011. δ37Cl and δ81Br fractionation during evaporation in the Alkaline Lakes Region, Sand Hills, Nebraska. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (December 2011) San Francisco, USA. 144. Hyoun-Tae, H., Park, Y-J., Sudicky, E.A., Unger, A., Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O. and Illman, W., 2011. A multiphase flow and multispecies reactive transport model for DNAPL-involved compound specific isotope analysis. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (December 2011) San Francisco, USA. 143. Shouakar-Stash, O., Vakili, F., Illman, W. and Frape, S.K., 2011. Utilizing compound specific stable isotopes in evaluating diffusion and storage of trichloroethelene in low permeability zones. Paper 137-15, 2011 GSA, Minneapolis, MN, October. 142. Makahnouk, W.R.M., ElMugammar, H.T., Drimmie, R.J., Henkemans, E.D., Frape, S.K., Engstrom, J. and Ruskeeniemi, T., 2011. Fracture mineral investigations in crystalline rock. 2nd Aquitard Symposium, Ottawa, Canada. 141. Claesson Liljedahl, L., Lehtinen, A., Ruskeeniemi, T., Engstrom, J., Kukkonen, I., Frape, S.K. and Henkemans, E., 2010. Instrumentation and monitoring of a talik in Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland. Third European Conference on Permafrost (EUCOP III), Longyearbyen, Svalbard. 140. Frape, S.K., Henkemans, E., Stotler, R.L. and Ruskeeniemi, T., 2010. Sources of salinity in crystalline rocks: The role of cryogenic processes associated with permafrost conditions and proximity of continental ice sheets. Paper No. 204-6, 2010 GSA Denver Annual Meeting, invited talk. 139. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K. and Tarasov, L., 2009. When geochemical indicators of deep glacial recharge aren’t: Information from deep investigations of permafrost and methane hydrates. 2009 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting and Exposition, Portland, Oregon. 138. Makahnouk, M., Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Lintinen, P. and Hobbs, M., 2009. Geochemical and isotopic characterization of surface and ground water from an area of continuous permafrost adjacent to the Greenland ice sheet, Kangerlussuaq, Greenland. 2009 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting and Exposition, Portland, Oregon. 137. Shouakar-Stash, O., Wood, W.W. and Frape, S.K., 2009. A multi isotope (δ81Br, δ37Cl and 87Sr/86Sr) approach supports the ascending brine conceptual model for solutes in the coastal Sabkha of Abu Dhabi (UAE). 2009 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting and Exposition, Portland, Oregon. 136. Clark, J.A., Frape, S.K., Illman, W., Stotler, R. and Shouakar-Stash, O., 2009. Compound specific chlorine and carbon isotopic analyses of TCE and CIS-DCE: Application to a fractured contaminant site. 2009 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting and Exposition, Portland, Oregon. 135. Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Meeter, L. and Gerber, R., 2009. The use of isotopic tracers in understanding the hydrogeology of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Southern Ontario, Canada. 2009 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting and Exposition, Portland, Oregon. 134. Lima, P.L., Aravena, R., Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Marchesi, M., Fiorenza, S. and Vogan, J., 2009. Assessment of chlorinated solvents degradation pathways in a ZVI permeable reactive barrier using compound specific isotope analysis. The 10th International in situ and on-site bioremediation symposium – Battelle, Baltimore, Maryland.

19 133. Shouakar-Stash, O., Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K. and Illman, W.A., 2009. The effect of sorption on chlorine stable isotopes of TCE. In: Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2009. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. vol. 73, 12, A1217. 132. Lima, P.L., Aravena, R., Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Marchesi, M., Fiorenza, S. and Vogan, J., 2009. Use of compound specific isotope analysis for evaluation of chlorinated ethenes degradation pathways in a ZVI permeable reactive barrier. 8th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry (AIG-8). 131. Shouakar-Stash, O., Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K. and Illman, W.A., 2009. Preservation of water samples containing chlorinated solvents for compound-specific isotope analyses (CSIA). 8th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry (AIG-8). 130. Sudicky, E., Ajmera, T., Clark, J., Frape, S.K., Hwang, H.-T., Illman, W., Shouakar-Stash, O., Stotler, R., Unger, A., Vakili, F., Walton, K. and Yeh, T.-C., 2009. Computational and experimental investigation of contaminant plume response to DNAPL source zone architecture and depletion in porous and fractured media. SERDP and ESTCP’s Annual Symposium & Workshop. Washington, DC. 129. Makahnouk, M., Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Lintinen, P. and Hobbs, M., 2009. Geochemical and isotopic characterization of surface and groundwater from an area of continuous permafrost adjacent to the Greenland Ice Sheet, Kangerlussuag, Greenland. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, October 2009, Portland, Oregon, USA. 128. Henkemans, E., Frape, S.K., Meteer, L. and Gerber, R., 2009. The use of isotopic tracers in understanding the hydrogeology of the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, October 2009, Portland, Oregon, USA. 127. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Onstott, T. and Pratt, L., 2008. Geochemical effects of deep permafrost formation in the Canadian Shield and Mars. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Houston, TX. 126. Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O., Stotler, R., Kennell, L. and Rostron, B., 2008. Additional information provided from the analyses of stable chlorine and bromine isotopes in formation fluids from sedimentary basins. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Houston, TX (invited). 125. Ahonen, L., Ruskeeniemi, T., Stotler, R., Frape, S.K., Lehto, K., Puigdomenech, I., Hobbs, M. and Degnan, P., 2008. Deep permafrost studies at the Lupin Mine: Hydrogeological and geochemical information for nuclear waste disposal. Conference on Permafrost 2008. 124. Bakermans, C., McGown, D., Ruskeeniemi, T., Ahonen, L., Telling, J., Soffientino, B., DiFurio, S., Pfiffner, S., Sherwood-Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Stotler, R., Pratt, L., Sloup, R., Vishnivetskaya, T. and Onstott, T., 2008. Microbial Communities in Subpermafrost Brine. Polar and Alpine Microbiology Conference, Banff, May 11-15, 2008. 123. Bakermans, C., McGown, D.J., Ruskeeniemi, T., Ahonen, L., Telling, J., Boettiger, C., Ho, R., Soffientino, B., Pfiffner, S.M., Sherwood Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Stotler, R., Vishnivetskaya, T.A., Pratt, L.M. and Onstott, T.C., 2008. Geochemical and Microbial Characterization of the Cold, Deep Subsurface within the Canadian Shield, a Habitat Analog for the Martian Subsurface. ABSCICON 2008. Astrobiology, v. 8: 447. 122. Chan, E., Pfiffner, S., Ruskeeniemi, T., Talikka, M., Bakermans, C., McGown, D., Onstott, T.C., Johnson, A., Pratt, L., Stotler, R., Frape, S.K., Brodie, E., Hazen, T. and Sherwood-Lollar, B., 2008. Geochemical constraints in deep permafrost microbial communities in an Archean Metavolcanic terrane. ABSCICON 2008. Astrobiology, v. 8: 447. 121. Stotler, R., Frape, S.K., Clark, I., Pratt, L. and Ruskeeniemi, T., 2008. Crystalline shield methane under permafrost. ABSCICON 2008. Astrobiology, v. 8: 426.

20 120. Shouakar-Stash, O., Wood, W.W. and Frape, S.K., 2008. The role of stable bromine stable isotopes in determining the origin and evolution model of the Abu Dhabi coastal sabkha (UAE). The Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Houston, TX. 119. Zhang, M., Shouakar-Stash, O., Gillham, R.W., Frape, S.K. and Drimmie, R.J., 2008. Carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during degradation of trichloroethene by metals. In: Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2008. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. vol. 72, 12, A1087. 118. Stotler, R.L, Frape, S.K. Shouakar-Stash, O., Ruskeeniemi, T. and Blomqvist, R., 2007. Is there a relationship between methane and salinity in shield waters? An isotopic survey of δ81Br and δ37Cl of 13 2 15 dissolved halides, δ C and δ H of methane, and δ N of N2. GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition, 28-31, October, Denver, CO. 117. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Rostron, B.J., Hobbs, M., Stotler, R.L. and Drimmie, R.J., 2007. Natural distribution of δ81Br in formation waters in sedimentary and crystalline environments. GSA Annual Meeting and Exposition, 28-31, October, Denver, CO. 116. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Rostron, B.J., Jensen, G. and Drimmie, R.J., 2006. Variations of the δ81Br and δ37Cl stable isotope signature for Mississippian to Cambrian formation brines of the Williston Basin. The Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 192-4, 465. 115. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Pratt, L. and Ahonen, L., 2006. Effects of the blacial- periglacial cycle on deep groundwater at the Lupin Mine, Nunavut, Canada. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 38, No. 7, p. 334. GSA Annual Meeting, Philidelphia, Pennsylvania. 114. Shouakar-Stash, O., Frape, S.K., Rostron, B.J. and Drimmie, R.J., 2006. Variations of the δ81Br and δ37Cl stable isotope signature for pre-Mississippian formation waters of the Willston Basin. V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne Australia, August, 2006. 113. Hobbs, M., Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O. and McNutt, R.H., 2006. Geochemical evolution of groundwaters in the Michigan and Appalachian Basins, southwestern Ontario. V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne Australia, August, 2006. 112. Zhang, M., Frape, S., Hobbs, M., Jensen, M., Blomqvist, R. and Ruskeeiemi, T., 2006. Fractionation of chlorine isotopes between ice and groundwater: Identification of freezing processes. V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne Australia, August, 2006. 111. Stotler, R., Frape, S., Shouakar-Stash, O., Ruskeeniemi, T. and Blomqvist, R., 2006. Methane- halide reactions in shield waters, inferred from δ13C and δ2H of methane and δ81Br and δ37Cl of Dissolved ions. V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Melbourne Australia, August, 2006. 110. Siegel, D.I., Lesniak, K. and Frape, S., 2005. Model simulation of the Saratoga Springs: Results and uncertainties. NE GSA Meeting in Saratoga, New York, March 2005. 109. Frape, S.K., Blyth, A.R., Stotler, R., Blomqvist, R. and Ruskeeniemi, T., 2004. The role of fluids and fracture minerals in crystalline shield environments. Fennoscandian 3rd Regional Workshop on Hardrock Hydrogeology, June, 2004, Helsinki, Finland. 108. Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R.J. and Frape, S.K., 2004. Determination of bromine stable isotopes in inorganic samples using contininuous flow – Isotope ratio mass spectrometry. International Conference on Isotopes in Environmental Studies – Aquatic Form 2004. IAEA, Monte-Carlo, Monaco. 107. Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K. and Zhang, M., 2004. Determination of compounds specific chlorine isotope of TCE, PCE and DCEs by direct injection using CF-IRMS. The 32nd International Geological Conference, Florence, Italy. 106. Drimmie, R.J., Shouakar-Stash, O. and Frape, S.K., 2004. Determination of inorganic chlorine

21 stable isotopes by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The 32nd International Geological Conference, Florence, Italy. 105. Frape, S.K., Shouakar-Stash, O., Blomqvist, R., Blyth, A.R., McNutt, R.H. and Gascoyne, M., 2004. Information gained from isotope geochemistry on evolution of brines in crystalline rocks. The 32nd International Geological Conference, Florence, Italy. (Keynote invited) 104. Alexeev, S.V., Alexeeva, L.P., Shouakar-Stash, O., and Frape, S.K., 2004. Geochemical and isotope features of brines of the Siberian platform. The 11th Water Rock Interaction Meeting. Saratoga Springs, NY, USA. 103. Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R.J., Shanoff, T. and Frape, S.K., 2003. Inorganic chlorine isotopes by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The 10th Continuous-Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 102. Shouakar-Stash, O., Rostron, B.J., and Frape, S.K., 2003. Geochemistry and stable isotopic signatures including chlorine isotopes of the Williston Basin, Canada. The Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Washington, USA, 235-10, 574. 101. Stotler, R.L., Frape, S.K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Ahonen, L., Blomqvist, R., Degnan, P., Jensen, M., Lehto, K., Moren, L., and Snellman, M., 2003. Hydrogeochemistry of crystalline bedrock under deep permafrost conditions. The Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Washington, USA, 190. 100. Frape, S.K., Blomqvist, R., Blyth, A.R., McNutt, R.H., Gascoyne, M., 2003. Some additional aspects of the evolution of brines in crystalline rocks gained from isotope geochemistry. The Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Washington, USA, 116. 99. Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R.J., Shanoff, T., and Frape, S.K., 2002. Determination of chlorine isotope of TCE and PCE by direct injection using CF-IRMS. The 9th Continuous-Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. 98. Shouakar-Stash, O., Alexeev, S.V., Frape, S.K., Alexeeva, L.P. and Pinneker, E.V., 2002. Geochemistry and stable isotope signatures of deep groundwaters and brine from the permafrost zone of the Siberian Platform, Russia. The Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, USA, 218-12, 497. 95. Stotler, R., Frape, S.K., Sudicky, E.A., Drimmie, R.J., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Poreda, R.J. and Harvey, F.E., 2002. Ground water age variability within a glacial aquifer beneath a thick unsaturated zone. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, October 2002. 94. Zhang, M., Frape, S.K., Love, A.J. and Herczeg, A.L., 2002. Chlorine stable isotope studies of old groundwater, Southwestern Great Artesian Basin, Australia. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, October 2002. 93. Hobbs, M.Y., Waber, H., and Frape, S.K., 2002. Cl-isotopic signatures of groundwaters, pore waters and calcite fluid inclusions: Constraints on fluid origin and transport in a marl sequence. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, October 2002. 92. Blyth, A.R., Frape, S.K., Ruskeenieumi, T. and Blomqvist, R., 2002. Long-term hydrogeological stability of crystalline bedrock in glaciated terrains: Evidence from the Palmottu natural analogue research site, Finland. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, October 2002. 91. Shouakar-Stash, O., Drimmie, R.J., Shanoff, T. and Frape, S.K., 2002. Determination of chlorine isotope of TCE and PCE by direct injection using CF-IRMS. The 9th Continuous-Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.

22 90. Drimmie, R.J., Shouakar-Stash, O. and Frape, S.K., 2001. Chlorine stable isotope by CF-IRMS using a specially designed Micromass IsoPrime. The 8th Continuous-Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 89. Hunkeler, D., Aravena, R., Bloom, Y., Butler, B., Frape, S.K., Edwards, E. and Cox, E., 2000. Assessment of microbial transformation of chlorinated solvents in groundwater using compound- specific isotope analysis. International Conference on Groundwater Research, 6-8 June, Copenhagen, Denmark. 88. Frape, S.K., Annable, W.K., Shanoff, T., Drimmie, R. and Shouakar-Stash, O., 1999. 37CL, 15N, 13C, D/H isotopic analysis of seven commonly used solid pellet herbicides – A possible tool for aiding in the identification of non-point source agricultural constituents. Geological Society of America, Denver, Colorado, October, 1999. 87. Bloom, Y., Aravena, R.O., Hunkeler, D. and Frape, S.K., 1999. Stable carbon isotope variations during microbially mediated reductive dehalogenation of trichloroethene. Geological Society of America, Denver, Colorado, October, 1999. 86. Hesse, R.F., Egeberg, P.K., Frape, S.K., 1999. Constraining formation water advection and diffusion rates in a submarine gas-hydrate field by chlorine stable isotopes provides estimates on hydrate abundance and possible hints on the chlorine source. American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, Fall, 1999. 85. Hunkeler, D., Bloom, Y., Aravena, R., Edwards, E., Cox, E., Butler, B. and Frape, S.K., 1998. Application of stable-isotope ratios to assess biodegradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in . American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, Fall, 1998. 84. Durance, P.M.J. and Frape, S.K., 1998. The evaluation of groundwaters at the Stripa Mine and south central Sweden using stable chlorine 37 isotopes. Geological Society of America, Toronto, Ontario, October, 1998. 83. Blyth, A.R. and Frape, S.K., 1998. Combining fluid inclusion studies with isotopic investigations of fracture calcite to assess the past thermal and fluid history of the Okliluoto Research Site, Finland. Geological Society of America, Toronto, Ontario, October, 1998. 82. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K., Bowins, R.J., Edwards, T.W.D., King, K., Kanters, W., McNutt, R.H., Murray-Morden, M.J., Terry, S.M., Thomas, R.L., Warren, C.J. and Weatherly, H., 1998. Element geochemistry and stable isotope signatures in sediment pore waters of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Geological Society of America, Toronto, Ontario, October, 1998. 81. Rosen, J.B., Frape, S.K., Flatt, H., Skitmore, J., Doupe, J. and Drimmie, R.J., 1998. Using chlorine isotopes to fingerprint anthropogenic salts. Geological Society of America, Toronto, Ontario, October, 1998. 80. Vaillancourt, J., Frape, S.K. and Aravena, R., 1998. Chlorine and carbon isotopic trends during the degradation of trichloroethylene with zero-valent metal. Geological Society of America, Toronto, Ontario, October, 1998. 79. Husain, M.M., Cherry, J.A. and Frape, S.K., 1998. Oxygen-18 depth profiles and hydraulic gradients beneath a major river in glacial terrain as indicators of hydraulic isolation from an underlying regional aquifer. Geological Society of America, Toronto, Ontario, October, 1998. 78. Harvey, F.E., Frape, S.K. and Rudolph, D.L., 1998. Estimating groundwater inflow to the Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario. Geological Society of America, Toronto, Ontario, October, 1998. 77. Hesse, R. and Frape, S.K., 1997. Chlorine-isotopic evidence for long-range diffusion in Blake Ridge submarine gas-hydrate field; ODP leg 164 Results. American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, Fall, 1997.

23 76. Jones, B.F., Carmody, R. and Frape, S.K., 1997. Variations in principal solutes and stable isotopes of CL and S on evaporation of brines from the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. Geological Society of America, Salt Lake City, Utah, October, 1997. 75. Beneteau, K., Aravena, R., Frape, S.K., Abrajano, T.A. and Major, D., 1997. Use of environmental isotopes on assessment of anaerobic transformation of tetrachloroethene in groundwater. Geological Society of America, Salt Lake City, Utah, October, 1997. 74. Frape, S.K. and Husain, M., 1997. Geochemistry of pleistocene water: Evolution in a regional freshwater aquifer, southwestern Ontario. Geological Society of America, Salt Lake City, Utah, October, 1997. 73. Vaillancourt, J., Frape, S. and Aravena, R., 1997. Trends in chlorine and carbon isotopic ratios during the degradation of chlorinated solvents in the presence of iron metal. Geological Society of America, Salt Lake City, Utah, October, 1997. 72. Harvey, F.E., Rudolph, D.L. and Frape, S.K., 1996. Measuring hydraulic gradients in deep lake sediments with a tethered pore-pressure probe. American Geophysical Union, December, San Francisco, December, 1996. 71. Harvey, F.E., Frape, S.K., Mulder, W.E. and Rudolph, D.L., 1996. Geochemical and isotopic indicators of groundwater flow and solute transport in Hamilton Harbour bottom sediments. Geological Society of America, Denver, Colorado, October, 1996. 70. Husain, M.M., Cherry, J.A., Parker, B.L. and Frape, S.K., 1996. Influence of diffusion and aquifer conditions on the distribution of pleistocene and holocene water in the Quaternary aquitard, St. Clair River Plain, Southwestern Ontario. Geological Society of America, Denver, Colorado, October, 1996. 69. Drimmie, R.J., King, K.J., Frape, S.K. and Vanderkwaak, J., 1996. Ion movement in Lake Ontario sediments: An aquitard precursor. Geological Society of America, Denver, Colorado, October, 1996. 68. Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J., Martini, A.M. and Walter, L.M., 1996. The use of stable chlorine 37 isotopes ( /35) in assessing the source and migration of basinal brines. Session H06, AGU Western Pacific Geophysics meeting, Brisbane, Australia, July, 1996. 67. Frape, S.K., 1996. The usefulness of stable chlorine isotopes in tracing organic and inorganic contaminants in the subsurface. Washington Geological Society, Washington, D.C., April, 1996. 66. Harvey, F.E., Rudolph, D.L., Frape, S.K. and Lee, D.R., 1995. Methods for hydrogeologic studies in deep lakes. GSA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, November, 1995. 65. Weaver, T.R., Cherry, J.A. and Frape, S.K., 1995. Evolution of potentiometric conditions in a glacial aquifer and overlying clay-till aquitard, Southwestern Ontario, Canada: Implications for solute and contaminant transport. GSA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, November, 1995. 64. Turner, J.V. and Frape, S.K., 1995. Stable and radioactive chlorine isotope systematics in a hypersaline arid zone aquifer, Western Australia. GSA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, November, 1995. 63. Frape, S.K., Cloutier, V., Husain, M.M., Drimmie, R.J., Cherry, J.A. and Weaver, T.R., 1995. 37 Regional hydrogeochemical trends for chlorine /35 in groundwaters of southwestern Ontario, Canada: Indicators of multiple sources of chlorine. GSA Annual Meeting, T23 Session, New Orleans, November, 1995. 62. Frape, S.K., 1994. Mines as analogues for hydrogeological repository settings in crystalline rocks at 500 to 1000 m depth. IAEA Advisory Group on Isotope Techniques in the Hydrological Appraisal of Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites, Vienna, Austria, June. 37 61. Frape, S.K., Bryant, G., and Blomqvist, R., 1993. The relationship of halogens and /35 chlorine

24 isotopic ratios in fluids and associated crystalline rock types from the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields. GSA, Boston, October. 60. Frape, S.K., 1992. The use of inorganic geochemistry in understanding the origin and evolution of hydrogeochemical flow systems. OECD Workshop on Paleohydrogeological Methods and their Applications to Radioactive Waste Disposal, Paris, France, November. 59. Frape, S.K., 1992. The occurrence of brines and gases with Precambrian Shield Rocks: Implications to radioactive waste disposal. Open University, London, UK, November. 58. Frape, S.K., Bryant, G. & Blomqvist, R. 1993 (invited). The relationship of halogens and 37/35 chlorine isotopic ratios in fluids and associated crystalline rock types from the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields. Geol. Soc. of America. Boston, Oct. 1993. 57. Frape, S.K. 1992 (invited). The use of Inorganic Geochemistry in Unerstanding the Origin and Evolution of Hydrogeochemical Flow Systems. OECD workshop on Paleohydrogeological Methods and their Applications to Radioactive Waste Disposal. Paris, France, Nov. 1992. 56. Blomqvist, R., Vuorela, P., Ahonen, L., Ruskeeniemi, T., Frape, S.K., Ivanovich, M., Suksi, J. & Aikas, T. 1992. Crustal Rebound Related Groundwater Flow in the Crystalline Bedrock of the Central part of the Fennoscandian Shield. OECD meeting and workshop Paris, France, November 1992. 55. Frape, S.K. 1992 (invited). The Occurrence of Brines and Gases with Precambrian Shield Rocks: Implications to Radioactive Waste Disposal. Open University, London, U.K., November 1992. 54. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K., Thomas, R.L., Morden, M.J., Bowins, R.J. & McNutt, R.H. 1992 (invited). Chemical Patterns in Interstitial Waters of Lake Ontario. AGU fall meeting, San Francisco, December 1992. 53. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K., Morden, M.J., Thomas, R.L., McNutt, R.H. & Bowins, R.J. 1992. Chemical inputs to Lake Ontario from saline formation water below the sediments. Intern. Assoc. Great Lakes Research Meeting, Waterloo, June 1992. 52. Bowins, R.J., McNutt, R.H., Drimmie, R.J. & Frape, S.K. 1992. Elemental and Sr isotopic analyses of Lake Ontario bottom sediment porewater-possible groundwater contributions from other sources. AGU meeting, Montreal, May 1992. 51. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K., Thomas, R.L. & McNutt, R.H. 1992. Relationship of regional flow systems to interstitial waters in Lake Ontario sediments. Intern. Assoc. Hydrogeologists Meeting, Hamilton, Ontario, May 1992. 50. Judd-Henrey, I.B.& Frape, S.K. 1992. A geochemical and isotopic investigation of the drinking water quality in southeast Woolwich Township, Waterloo, Ontario. Intern. Assoc. Hydrogeologists Meeting, Hamilton, Ontario, May 1992. 49. Weaver, T.R., Frape, S.K. & Cherry, J.A., 1992. Gw mixing in shallow Devonian oil-bearing formations in southwestern Ontario, Canada. 11th Australian Geological Conference, Ballarat, Victoria, January 1992. 48. Weaver, T.R., Frape, S.K. & Cherry, J.A., 1991. Multi-level monitoring of groundwater flow chemistry in a low-permeability shale formation near Sarnia, Ontario EOS, Transactions, AGU, v.12, no.17, p.113, April 23, 1991. 47. Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J., Harvey, F.E., Rudolph, D.L., Thomas, R.L., McNutt, R.H. & Bowens, R. 1991. Regional groundwater inputs to the lower Great Lakes of Eastern North America. Amer. Geophys. Union. Fall meeting. 1991 (Abs.), San Francisco, Ca. 46. Frape, S.K. 1991. (invited) Regional Saline Groundwater Inputs into the Shallow Groundwater Environment: Implications for trace metal and organic contamination. International Symposium on Groundwater issues of the Lower Great Lakes, Buffalo Association of Prof. Engineers Niagara

25 Falls, N.Y. November 1991. 45. Ivanovich, M., Blomqvist, R. & Frape, S.K. 1991. Rock/Water Interaction Study in Deep Crystalline Rocks Using Isotopic and Uranium series Radionuclide Techniques. Migration 1991, Spain, October 1991. 44. Coniglio, M., Middleton, K., Sherlock, R., Frape, S.K. & Williams-Jones, A.E. 1991. Burial an hydrothermal diagenesis of Ordovician carbonates from the Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada. Dolomieu Conference on Carbonate Platforms and Dolomitization, Ortisei, Italy, Sept. 1991. 43. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K., Thomas, R.L. & Harvey, F.E. (1991) Palaeowaters in sediments of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. AMer. Geophys. Union meeting. 1991 (Abs.), Baltimore, Maryland. 42. Stimson, J., Frape, S.K., Farvolden, R.N., Rudolph, D., Drimmie, R.J. & Ricaldi V. (1991). Isotopic and geochemical evolution of groundwater in an intermountain graben basin of the Bolivian Eastern Andes. Amer. Geophys. Union Spring meeting. 1991 (Abs.), Baltimore, Maryland. 41. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K. & Thomas, R.L. (1991). Palaeowaters in sediments of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Central Canada Geological Conf., 1991 (Abs.), Hamilton, ON. 40. Stimson, J., Frape, S.K., Farvolden, R.N., Rudolph, D., Drimmie, R.J., Ricaldi, V. & Anaya, L. (1991). Isotopic and geochemical evolution of groundwater in an intermountain graben basin of the Eastern Andes. Central Canada Geological Conf., 1991 (Abs.), Hamilton, Ontario. 39. Drimmie, R.J., Frape, S.K., Thomas, R.L. & McNutt, R.H. (1991). Geochemical determination of regional groundwater inputs into Lake Ontario. 10th Canadian Society of Limnologists (Abs.), Guelph, Ontario. 38. Weaver, T.R., Frape, S.K. & Cherry, J.A., 1990. Groundwater chemistry of the Devonian Oil Fields of southwestern Ontario. AAPG Eastern Section Meeting, London, Ont., Sept. 1990. 37. Middleton, K. Coniglio, M. & Frape, S.K., 1990. Burial dedolomitization middle Ordovician carbonates, southwestern Ontario. AAPG Eastern Section Meeting, London, Ont., Sept. 1990. 36. Wadleigh, M.A., Longstaffe, F.J., Frape, S.K., McNutt, R.H., and McKenna, C., 1990. Diagenetic evolution of Cambro-Ordovician clastic sedimentary rocks, southwestern Ontario. AAPG Eastern Section Meeting, London, Ont., Sept. 1990. 35a. Sherwood-Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Weise, S.M., Macko, S.A., Welhan, J.A. & Blomqvist, R., 1990. (Invited) Origins of deep gas in the crystalline environment - The Canadian and Fennoscandia Shields. Western Pacific Geophysics Conf., Kanazawa, Japan, August, 1990. 35b. Sherwood Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Weise, S.M., Macko, S.A., Welham, J.A. & Blomqvist, R. 1990. (invited). Origins of deep gas in the crystalline environment. International Deep Gas Workshop, Hannover, F.R.G., May 1990. 34. Wadleigh, M.A., Longstaff, F.J., Frape, S.K., McNutt, R.H. & McKenna, C., 1990. Potassic diagenesis of Cambro-Ordovician clastic sedimentary rocks of southwestern Ontario. GAC-MAC Annual Meeting, Vancouver, May, 1990. 33. Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Sherwood, B., McNutt, R.H. & Blomqvist, R., 1990. (Invited) The geochemistry and origin of brines and gases from the Canadian and Fennocandian Shields. Third Pan-American Conference on Research on Fluid Inclusions, May 1990, Toronto. 32. Frape, S.K., Dollar, P., McNutt, R.H. & Siegel, D.I., 1990. The role of basement structural features and fracture systems in formation fluid chemical distributions, southern Ontario. (Invited) Regional Groundwater Symposium, Northeastern Geological Society of America meeting, Syracuse, New York, March 1990. 31. Weaver, T.R., Frape, S.K., & Cherry, J.A., 1990. Using geochemical parameters to define inputs to groundwater in the Devonian system of southwestern Ontario. (Invited) Regional Groundwater

26 Symposium, Northeastern Geological Society of America meeting, Syracuse, New York, March 1990. 30. Frape, S.K., Siegel, D.I., Dollar, P. & McNutt, R.H., 1989 (invited). The relationship of major structural tectonic features and formation water chemistry of the Michigan-Appalachian Basins. American Geophysical Union Meeting, San Francisco, Ca, U.S.A., Dec. 1989. 29. Martini, A.M., Siegel, D.I., Frape, S.K. & Dollar, P., 1989. Minor and trace elements in formation waters of the Michigan and Appalachian Basins. American Geophysical Union Meeting, San Francisco, Ca, U.S.A., Dec. 1989. 28. Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Sherwood-Lollar, B.& Blomquist, R., 1989. The geochemistry and possible origins of saline waters and brines from the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields. Geological Society of America Meeting, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A., Nov. 1989. In Symposium Origin of Brines in Earth's Crust. 27. Sherwood-Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Macko, S.A., Welhan, J.A. & Blomquist, R., 1989. Gas geochemistry and its relationship to brines of the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shield. Geological Society of America meeting, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A., Nov. 1989. In Symposium Origin of Brines and Earth's Crust. 26. Frape, S.K., Dollar, P.S., McNutt, R.H. & Sherwood-Lollar, B., 1989. Mixing of saline basinal fluids in southern Ontario: Implications for rock-water interaction, hydrocarbon emplacement and Canadian Shield brines. Proc. of 6th Water-Rock Interaction Symposium, Malvern, U.K., Aug. 1989. Abstract pp. 223-226. 25. Gascoyne, M., Purdy, A., Fritz, P., Ross, J.D., Frape, S.K., Drimmie, R.J., & Betcher, R.N., 1989. Evidence for penetration of sedimentary basin brines into an Archean granite of the Canadian Shield. Proc. of 6th Water-Rock Interaction Symposium, Malvern, U.K., Aug. 1989. Abstract pp. 243-245. 24. Li, W., Franklyn, M.T., McNutt, R.H., Schwarcz, H.P., Gascoyne, M., Kamineni, D.C., & Frape, S.K., 1989. A Sr isotopic study of the Eye-Dashwa Lakes Pluton, Ontario, and the Lac du Bonnet Pluton, Manitoba : Plagioclase/water reaction. Proc. of the 6th Water-Rock Interaction Symposium, Malvern, U.K., Aug.1989. Abstract pp.441-444 23. Sherwood-Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Macko, S.A., Welhan, J.A., Weise, S.M., Drimmie, R., Blomquist, R & Lahermo, P.W., 1989. Deep gases and brines of the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields - A testing ground for the theory of abiotic methane generation. Proc. of 6th Water-Rock Interaction Symposium, Malvern, U.K., August 1989. Abstract pp. 617-620. 22. Bursey, G.G., Edwards, T.W.D. & Frape, S.K., 1989. Hydrogeological investigation of an Arctic watershed: Physical, isotopic and geochemical data. GAC-MAC Annual Meeting, May 1989, Montreal, Abstract p. A14. 21. Frape, S.K., Dollar, P., McNutt, R.H. & Sherwood-Lollar, B., 1989. Regional hydrogeochemical distributions for formation waters from southwestern Ontario and Michigan. GAC-MAC Annual Meeting, May 1989, Montreal, Abstract p. A13. 20. Blomqvist, R.G., Lahermo, P.W., Halonen, S., Frape, S.K. & Ilmasti, M., 1988. Brines in the Precambrian crystalline bedrock of Finland. First Meeting European Association for Geochemistry, Paris, August 1988. 19a. Sherwood, B.A., Fritz, P., Frape, S.K., Macko, S.A., Weise, S.M., Welhan, J.A., Blomquist, R. & Lahermo, P.W. Hydrocarbons and helium geochemistry in the crystalline environment. The Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields First Meeting European Association for Geochemistry, Paris, August 1988. 19b. Sherwood, B., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Weise, S.M., Lahermo, P.W., Macko, S.A. & Welhan, J.A.,

27 1988. Methane occurrences in the Canadian and Baltic Shields. GAC Annual Meeting, Newfoundland, May 1988. 18. Frape, S.K. and others. 1988 (invited). Production and accumulation of methane gas in the crystalline environment - the Canadian and Baltic Shields. Mineralogical Society Geochemistry Group, Meeting on Gas Release and Mobility in Crustal Rocks, Geol. Society, London, U.K., April 1988. 17. Sherwood, B.A., Frape, S.K., Fritz, P., Macko, S.A., Weise, S.M. & Welhan, J.A., 1987. Methane and associate gases in the Canadian Shield. Geol. Soc. of Amer. Annual Meeting, Phoenix, October 1987. 16. Frape, S.K., Dollar, P., McNutt, R.H., Fritz, P., Macqueen, R.W. & Trevail, R., 1986 (invited). Implications of formation water movement based on isotopic data and elemental geochemistry, southwestern Ontario. 50th Anniversary Symposium of the Michigan Basin, Eastern Section, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Ann Arbour, Michigan, October 1986. 15. Fritz, P. & Frape, S.K., 1986. The isotope geochemistry of sulphate in Canadian Shield brines. Conference on "Isotope geochemistry of groundwater and fracture material in Plutonic Rock". Mont Ste. Marie, Quebec, Oct. 1986. 14. McNutt, R.H., Frape, S.K., Jones, M.G., Macdonald, I.M. & Fritz, P., 1986. A review of the 87Sr/86Sr character of saline waters from the Canadian Precambrian Shield. Conference on "Isotope geochemistry of groundwater and fracture material in Plutonic Rock". Mont Ste. Marie, Quebec, October 1986. 13. Macdonald, I.M., Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1986. Groundwater flow around a mine site as reflected by isotopic and geochemical data. Conf. on "Isotope geochemistry of groundwater and fracture material in Plutonic Rock", Mont Ste. Marie, Quebec, Oct. 12. McNutt, R.H., Frape, S.K., Jones, M. & Fritz, P., 1986. The 87Sr/86Sr values of brines in rocks of Archean Age, Matagami Area, Quebec: A contrasting behaviour to other Canadian Shield brines. Fifth International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 1986. Extended Abstract, pp. 379-381. 11. Frape, S.K., Dollar, P., McNutt, R.H., Fritz, P. & Macqueen, R.W., 1986. Geochemistry and isotopic compositions of formation waters from southern Ontario. Joint Annual Meeting of the GAC-MAC, Ottawa, Ontario, May 1986. (Presentation and Abstract). 10. Rodvang, S.J., Cherry, J.A. & Frape, S.K., 1986. Hydrogeochemistry of the shallow weathered fractured zone in clayey tills in southwestern Ontario. Joint Annual Meeting of the GAC-MAC, Ottawa, Ontario, May 1986 (Presentation and Abstract). 9. Fritz, P. & Frape, S.K., 1985. Occurrence and genesis of brines and gases in crystalline rocks. Symposia Session, Joint Annual Meeting of the GAC, MAC, Fredericton, New Brunswick, May 15, 1985. 8. Edwards. T.W.D., Frape, S.K., & Fritz, P., 1984. Stable isotope studies on methane from natural gas accumulations in lake sediments. Joint Annual Meeting of the GAC-MAC, London, Ontario, Abstract, p. 59. 7. Fritz, P., Frape, S.K. & McNutt, R.H., 1983. Deep saline ground waters in fractures and shear zones in the crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield. Annual Meeting GSA, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A., November 1983. Abstract, (invited talk). 6. Frape, S.K. & Fritz. P., 1982. Occurrence and chemical character of groundwater of the Canadian Shield. Joint Annual Meeting of the GAC-MAC, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Abstract, p. 50. 5. Frape, S.K. & Fritz. P., 1981. Comments on the origin and evolution of saline groundwaters from the crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield. Proceedings of the 1981 National Waste Terminal

28 Storage Program Information Meeting, U.S. Department of Energy, Nov. 1981, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A., Abstract, pp. 240-241, (invited talk). 4. Frape, S.K. & Fritz, P., 1981. Comments on the origin and genesis of saline waters and brines found at depth in the Canadian Shield. In Symposium of Geochemistry of Radioactive Waste Disposal. Joint Annual Meeting of the GAC, MAC and CGU, Calgary, Alberta. Abstract, p. A-19. 3. Frape, S.K. and Patterson, R.J., 1978. Geochemistry of interstitial waters as an indicator of patterns of seepage into lakes. Joint Annual Meeting GAC, MAC and GSA, Toronto, Ontario, Abstract, p. 404. 2. Gorman, W.A., Frape, S.K. and Johnston, L.M., 1978. Late Pleistocene and Holocene lake levels in the Ontario Basin. Joint Annual Meeting GAC, MAC and GSA, Toronto, Ontario, Abstract, p. 409. 1. Frape, S.K., Gorman, W.A., Johnston, L.M., McLeod, R.A. & Patterson, R.J., 1978. Movement of ground water contaminants from Kingston Landfill Site into the Cataraqui River. Annual Meeting Environmental Division, GAC, Waterloo, Ontario. Paper and Abstract.

29 STUDENTS SUPERVISED:

Ph.D. Thesis Completed: 2008 Stotler, R.L. Evolution of Canadian Shield groundwaters and gases: Influence of deep permafrost. 2008 Shouakar-Stash. Evaluation of stable chlorine and bromine isotopes in sedimentary formation fluids. 2004 Blyth, A. Paleosalinity and paleohydrogeology studies of Fennoscandian sites associated with potential radioactive waste storage. (Pearson Medal, Best Thesis 2004) 2000 Cecil, D. Origin of Chlorine-36 in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho: Implications for Describing Ground Water Contamination Near a Nuclear Facility (Frape/Sudicky) (Pearson Medal, Best Thesis 2000) 1996 Husain, M. (Commonwealth Scholar) Hydrogeochemical Studies of Groundwater Systems in Lambton County, Ontario (Frape/Cherry). 1996 Harvey, E. Physical Properties, Hydrogeology and 3-D Modelling Associated with Groundwater Flow into Lake Ontario. (Frape/Rudolph). (Pearson Medal, Best Thesis 1996) 1993 Weaver, T. Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of the Subsurface under Lambton County, Southwestern Ontario. (Cherry/Frape) 1990 Sherwood Lollar, B. Origins and Implications of Methane in the Crystalline Environment - The Canadian an Fennoscandian Shields 400 p. (Pearson Medal, Best Thesis 1990; NSERC Best Thesis) 1990 Hambley, D.F. The Behaviour of Mined Openings in Saltrock: A Unified Approach 400 p. (Lawson/Frape)

Ph.D. Thesis In Progress: Makahnouk, M. Role of Ca and Mg isotopes in fracture mineral studies in crystalline rocks. Henkemans, E. Hydrogeological and groundwater geochemical conditions adjacent to and under a continental ice sheet. Labelle, L. Dating groundwater Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario Hossain, M. As – isotopes, Bangledesh

M.Sc. Thesis Completed: 2011 Clark, J. Application of Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess TCE Biodegradation and Natural Attenuation in a Fractured Dolostone Bedrock. Lima, P. Assessment of chlorinated solvents degradation pathways in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier using compound specific isotope analysis. 2010 Henkemans, E. An isotopic and geochemical study of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Southern Ontario. 2009 Mitchell, E. 87Sr86Sr analysis of fish scales as an alternative to otolith in tracking fish migration and differentiating fish populations. Holden, B. High Lake permafrost comparison site: Permafrost Phase IV. Vanderkooy, M. A Semi-Quantitative Geochemical Interpretation of Southwestern Ontario Basinal

30 Brines. 2008 Kennell, L. A strontium isotopic study of the salina formation, southwestern Ontario: Insights into paleohydrology of the Michigan Basin. 2007 Lambie, K. The design of an out-diffusion experiment as a site characterization technique for radioactive waste disposal. 2006 El Mugammar, H.T. A geochemical and isotopic study of the Waterloo moraine upper aquifer. Hossain, M. Geochemical characteristics and evolution of a regional groundwater system, Lambton County. 2004 Kapoor, R. Isotopic signatures of gases associated with landfill leachate. 2003 Stotler, R. Changes in geochemistry isotopes and residence times within the Waterloo Moraine Aquifer Complex. 2002 Shanoff, T. Using δ13C, δ37Cl and δ2H isotopes as a tool for differentiating organic contaminants in groundwater. Toporoska, K.A. Stable chlorine isotopic evolution of groundwater in the Milk River Aquifer, Alberta, Canada. 2001 Shouakhar-Stash, O. (PT) Fingerprinting organic compounds using hydrogen, carbon and chlorine isotopes. 2000 Bloom, Y. C. isotope fractionation during reductive dechlorination of TEC. (with Aravena) 1999 Sie, P.M.J., Evaluation of groundwaters at strip and south central Sweden using stable chlorine isotopes. Rosen, J.B., Using stable chlorine isotopes and geochemistry to fingerprint anthropogenic salts in groundwater. 1998 Vaillaincourt, J., Chlorine and carbon isotopic trends during the degradation of trichloroethylene with zero-valent metal. 1997 Doupe, J.P. Assessment and refinement of the Environmental Isotope Laboratory δ37Cl analytical procedure and its application to hydrogeological problems. Jacksteit, R.A. Evaluation of the conjunctive useof groundwater and surface water in North Bihar, India. (Rudolph/Frape) 1996 King, K. Tritium and Pb 210 distributions in Pore Waters of Lake Ontario Sediments. Beneteau, K. Tracing chlorinated solvents in groundwater using C and Cl stable isotopes. (Aravena/Frape) Rumpf, K. Geochemistry and hydrogeology of clay deposits in the Little Clay Plain, New Liskard, Ontario. (Cherry/Frape) 1995 Bryant, G.. Stable Chlorine Isotopes in Waters of the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields. 1994 Cloutier, V. Stable isotopes of chlorine as indicators of source and flow path of solutes in glacial clays and bedrock, Lambton County, southwestern Ontario. Johnston, C. Geochemistry, isotopic composition and groundwater age of a multi-aquifer system.

31 37 Van Warmerdam, E. /35 chlorine signature of chlorinated organic solvents. Morden, J. Trace metal distribution in pore waters and Bottom Sediments from Lake Ontario. Lacombe, S. Modelling of Pressure head responses in the deep aquifer of Lambton Co. Ont. (Sudicky, Frape). 1993 Beaton, W. (co-supervised with Cherry) Chemistry of the fresh water aquifer, Lambton Co. Ontario. Blyth, A. The Geochemistry and Isotopic Composition of Fracture Minerals from the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields. Martini, A. 1988-93 (at Syracuse U.) Trace Metal Distributions and Analytical Techniques Associated with Formation Brines in Ontario and New York 200 p. (Siegel/Frape) 1992 Judd-Henrey, I. Hydrogeochemistry of Woolwich County, Southwestern Ontario. Dubord, M. Pressurized Deep Groundwater Samplers and Geochemical Profiles from a 6,000 foot Borehole. 1991 Middleton, K. Fracture Related Diagenesis of Middle Ordovician Carbonate Reservoris, southwestern Ontario 141 p.(Coniglio/Frape) McKenna, K. (at McMaster) Lead isotope distributions in formation waters of southern Ontario 150 p. (McNutt/Frape) Stimson, J. Geochemistry and Hydrogeology of groundwaters from the Cochabamba Valley Bolivia. 220 p. (Frape/Farvolden) 1990 Bursey, G. Geochemical and Isotopic Investigations in a Watershed of the Eastern Arctic Northwest Territories 214 p. (Edwards/Frape) Anderson, N. A Computer Program for Image Analysis of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks (193p.) 1988 O'Shea, K. Diagenesis of the Lower Silurian Cataract Group Sandstones of Southern Ontario. 251p. Dollar, P. Geochemistry of Formation Waters, Southwestern Ontario, Canada and Southern Michigan, U.S.A. Implications for Origin and Evolution (129p.). 1987 Jones, M. A Study of the Late-Stage Secondary Fracture Mineralization at Sites Across the Canadian Shield 283 p. Rodvang, J. Geochemistry of the Weathered Zone of a Fractured Clayey Deposit in Southwestern Ontario 177 p. (Frape/ Cherry). 1986 Macdonald, I. Groundwater Geochemistry and Water-Rock Interaction in Felsic Rocks of the Canadian Shield, 190 p. 1985 Blackmer, A.J. The Occurrence, Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of Two Salt-Water Springs in Northern Ontario, 112 p.

M.Sc. Thesis in Progress: 1. R. Gwynne 2. C. Hanlon 3. L. Tian

32 Fourth Year Theses: S. Robinson T. Hecky J. Zhang C. Hanlon 2012-2013 L. Tian 2012-2013 Y. Li 2012-2013 R. Gwynne 2011-2012 C. Ma 2008-2007 R. Kapoor 1997-98 T. Shanoff 1997-98 W. Mulder 1996-97 D. Hanratty 1996-97 C. Sorenson 1996-97 A. Guiruci (1/3) 1996-97 J. Ropchan 1996-97 J. Skitmore 1996-97 J. Murphy 1993-94 A. Barstow 1993-94 W. Kanters 1992-93 Terry 1991-92 J. Fairclough 1990-91 D. Thurston 1990-91 I. Koehler 1989-90 Henderson 1989-90 J. Mungall 1985-86 P. Lapcevic 1984-85 M. Jones 1984-85 K. O'Shea 1984-85 I. Macdonald 1983-84 K. Rakhit 1982-83

COURSES TAUGHT (From 1980 to present)

EARTH 221 Introductory Geochemistry (several times) EARTH 231 (½) Mineralogy EARTH 232 Introductory Petrology (2 times/year 1985-present) EARTH 235 Stratigraphy (1981-1985) EARTH 238 Introductory Structural Geology (2 times/year 1982-2000) EARTH 281 Impacts of Geology on Health (2006) EARTH 332 Metamorphic Petrology (1989) EARTH 358 Environmental Geology (1990-1994, 2001-2002) EARTH 459 Chemical Hydrogeology (1989-1993) EARTH 490 Field Course (1981-1998) EARTH 671 Field Methods in Hydrogeology (1981-present) EARTH 691/692 Special Studies – Fluid in the Earth Crust (every second year since 1985) EARTH 691/692 Special Studies – Heavy and Non-traditional Isotopes

33

My course load has been heavily geology as I am a classically trained geologist and our department is an Earth Sciences department, not a Geology department. These courses are usually 50/50 Geology- Hydrogeology students and Geological Engineers. Many of the Environmental and Hydrogeology courses I have set up, got running well and I have then turned over to new faculty members hired in the area. They often do not have the ability to teach geology courses.

FUNDING

1. In 30 years an average of $250,000 CAD per year. 2. NSERC Discovery funding since 1980. 3. Funded 5 mass spectrometers including recent TIMS-Triton 4. Funding 50/50 grant/contract. August 2011

34