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Aurangabad Is Situated on the Khaa Rlvar, in Lattitud* 19° 53* 59" North and Longltuda 75^22* W6" East

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Aurangabad Is Situated on the Khaa Rlvar, in Lattitud* 19° 53* 59 17 Aurangabad is situated on the Khaa rlvar, in Lattitud* 19° 53* 59" North and Longltuda 75^22* W6" East. tt» city stands in the beutiful TBilejr of the Dudhna, betwean the Laicanvara ranga on the North and tha Sattara hills on the South. So there era uplands to the North and lovlands stretched to the South. The ralla/ is about 10 miles wide and is open towards the East. On the West, the northern range deflects and curres in towards the citjr. Aurangabad has therefore very uneTen ground and is in the fom of a parallelo* gram. The greatest length being 2i miles diagonally from ME to SW and the breadth 1i miles trcm Nroth to South. Tha oircnaiftrenca slightly exceeds 6 miles. Aurangabad is 1700 to 1900 fert above sea level. Aurangabad has mostly been a capital place, ever since Malik Amber, the Prime ciinister of Hurtaza Klsam Shah 11, built it in 1603 and lived in it. In the writings of 8hri Chakradhar,]6 there are the early references of "katak** of Deegiri. In his work called **Lela Charitra", Khadki (old name of village Khadki, which Uter on 1 was named as Aurangabad), *s the "Katak" of Deogiri, ^ich place Is now called as Daulatabad. In the beginning, Khadki, now know as Aurangabad, was the katak of lieogiri (i.e. Daulatabad). With Malik Amber tap camping in Khadki in 1603, it became his chief city. From 1603 till 1725f it remained as a capital place and again from 19^ till today, it has beecme once more a capital place, now the capital of Harathwada. 18 -I- The history of Aunrngabad it ^T* jrears old. Till 19>f8, thli plaot had been undar Muslim rul«. It vas after tha pollea action of 1^^, h/ tha Qovemment of Inaia, that tha state of Byderahad was brought undar th« tinlon Oov< maant. Later, in 1956» the State of Hyderabad vas dinsemberad and Aurangabad becaae tha capital of tha newly foriaad Marathwada, now included In the State of Maharashtra. Marathwada is In ar«a one-flfth of Maharashtra. The Mlsaa dynasty was tha laat of tha Muslla dynasty which ruled this region. Ever since the foundation of the city of Aurangabad, it had mostly been a capital place, except during the liizaa rule, when Kisaa-ul-Mulic, in 17^5* transferred his capital froa Aurangabad to Hyderabad. Tha first Muslim who Invaded the Oeccan was Alaud-din-Khlljl. It was the year 1295> Raja RaadaT waa th^n ruling tha Deecan. Ha was defeated by Alaud-din-4\hlljl. Till then tha Inhabitants of tha i^eccan, had m'V9T heard of tha Mualias. So Raja RamdeT was completely taken by surprise whan he \ma suddenly attacked by Alauddln-Khiljl, in 1295 A.D. After defeating Haja RamdeT, Alaud«din looted the fort of Deogtrl (i.e. DauUtabad). The enormous wealth taken away by Alaud^in is mentioied by tha historian Ferlshta. Thus Muslim rule 1 in the Decoan started since 1295 A.D. Raja Ramdev continued to rule under titt Mualim invaders, till 1310. After Alaud-din*s death in 1316 A.D., hla son Kutub-ud-dln Mubarak Shah suecaadad him. The history of Aurangabad starts with the rule of Malik Amber, because, Aurangabad first came under the control of tha Muslims, during 19 hl« tloe. In the /ear 1603* Malik Aaber defeated hit rival, Mian Baju and had hiaself proclai»ed as the sinister, in chief of the kingdois, and the viceroy of Deogiri (i.e. Daulatabad), which was the stronghold of the ladavas. MaliK Anber was then the PrisM Minister of Murtasa iiisam Shah 11. In I60^>, Malik Aaber founded 3 the eitjr of Khadki. It was then a soMill village, situated on a rock/ ground. Perhaps Khadaki neans rocks^derives froa this roek/ ground. The village Ood Khadkeshwar stands on the fomer village boundar/. It can be said that the naoie of the village ease to be called after the name of the Ood Khadkeshwar. The village Ood Khadkeshwar is even toda/ an important place of worship for the Hindus. Malik AMber Bade /^hadki his capital cit/ and erected a nuaber of handsale places, aosques and public buildings. Bis ara/ personnel built their dwellings around the village. He used the services of the Marathac chiefs in resisting the enoroaohaents of the Muslias, in the Deccan. He was the first chief to develop the powers of the Marathas. It was with Malik Aaber*s help that Shahaji Bhonsle, Shlvaji*s father laid the foundation of the Maratha £apire. Malik Aaber was a great statesaan as well as a gimeral. Uf had perfected revenue settleaent for which work he is called as the Todanml of 5 the Deccan. He also successful!/ protected Kisaa rule in Alawdnager, froa the aggressi(»i of the Mughals. Malik Aaber^and his wife's toab is at Kttltabad, 8 ailes near Aurangabad. Even toda/, Malik Aaber is reaeaberd for the beutiful buildings built b/ hia. Bhadkal gate, Naukonda pia palace. Kali Masjid and J\iaaa Masjid near Aakhas aaidan, o were built b/ hia. Under Malik Aaber*s care the place of Khadki gradually expanded and b/ 1620, khadki turned into a prosperous, populous and iaposing city. In 1621, it was ravaged and burnt down 20 7 bjr £ai|>«ror Shah Jahan. After Hallic Amber's death In 1626, hia aon Fat«h Khan vas appointed as the Prlae iilnlater of hXzta Shah. Ba renamed Khadki as fat^tmagar (also called as Fatehabad). In I636, with tha and of the hlsaa rule In Ahaednagar, fatehnagar fell in tha hands of the Hughals, and Aurangseb oaac to 119« in it as tha SuUtiadar (i.e. the chief) of his fathar Shahajahan. Aurangas^ further ra- naaed Fatahnagar aa Aurangabad. In ro/al records, Aurangabad was aentionad as "Khujista Bunlyad" naaning *tha foundatloa of graatnassf. Aurangasab continued Khadid. or Fatehnagar as his capital| but to stamp his ro/al iapression, he changed the name of tha place and •ver since it is known as Aurangabad. yihti Aurangaseb got hioaelf crowned as the Emperor of India, he appointed Khan JTahan iiahadur as the Vlceroj of the i)eccan. From 1688 onwards, Aurangabad often became a atai^ of conflict, now bet­ ween the Imparial troops and the ravolting Prince r^azsam, or thm ambitious, brave and advancing Harathas. In 1682, tharafora, bjr order of the Emperor, Khan Jahan Bahadur kmllt a dtj wall, to pro­ tect the city from the guerrilla attacks of the Marathaa. The wall has a total length of six miles. In 1698, ha aractad a ndt similar 8 fortified wall for the locality of Bcgumpura, a suburb in Aurangabad. During his stay in Aurangabad, Aurangasab brcwight about a number of changes in the city. He built in 1692 a citadel for hia use and named it as Ulla Arc. The big lake of water near Kile Arc, was con­ verted by him into an open land. He also had tha city well fortified. The outer olty wall has thirteen entrances, of which many are still 9 in use. Aurangaseb stayed in the i>eccan and uard Aurangabad as his capital place. From here he fought the mar<dilng MarathaS. His stay 21 in the Dcccan covera a pf riod of iHh years froa16^ 3 to 1707. During this period, Aurangasab and his chiefs caaiped In Aurangabad. Tha placas of eaaps were named after thsa. These cattps ara called as 10 *Pura* and they are about ^k. In nuabers. With the death of Aumngaxeb In 1707t the Delhi sovereignty of the Mughals ceased; and the city th^n caae under the rule of the Mlzam dynasty. In 17^0, Nlaan-ul-MuU established his Asafla dynasty and In 1725» transferred his capital frcm Aurangabad to Hyderabad. The Ulsaa state In the Deccan oanaged to reaaln as a small Huslln entity In India, as socially, culturally and also politically alien froa the rest ot the territory In India. In hen India became Independent In 1^7t the Indian gorcrnoent Inltlt ted a process of Integration of the various Independent princely itates. Only three states surrlTed th» process of Integration, thou|;h of course, they Wrre oast Into a new aould. In their relatlonshl]) with the centre. The three states wer<g, iiyderabad« Kashmir and Juiiagarh. In 19^, Sardar Vallabhbhal Fatal, the then Hone Minister > Initiated the police action In the state of Hyderabad. The police action continued from 13-9-19^ to 17-9-19^. 0ue to the police action the Klxan had to surrander all his powers and authoxlty to the Indian goYp^rnment. The disintegration of the State of Hyderabad, lai ier In 1956, was the result of the Congress r< solution for reorganisetl<» of the Indian states on linguistic basis. It may be said that the reactionary Haxaiiar aofvaaent, In the former Hyderabad atate ind the undemocratic tradition, deep rooted in the state iinder the lilsam's rule, gate momentum to the gov^^rnmental policy of dislntegratl^i and re-organl<' 11 xatlon process. 22 Tbe Idea of intftgrating the Yarioua ati^taa and bringing tbaoi under % one central political authority OBH be aaid to be a n«w political df^veloiment. Even though aany preTloua rulera tried it, on account of geographical barriers, they did not aucceed. Aa the conquerors turned their back tha governors revolted and beoaae Inde­ pendent. The Mamthas had aany opportunities to expand their terri­ tory by annexing toima they had conquered. It was not impossible for thea to do so. In the four iaportant vara fought between ti» Marathas and the Muslias, - Sindkhed (1757), Udgir (1760), Rakshasbh- uwan (1763), and lOiarda (17^5),- the Marathas had defeated the Nizaa.
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