The Semantic Transparency of English Compound Nouns
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This Chapter Provides a Historical Framework For
Chapter One Introductions 1.0 Background: This chapter provides a historical framework for the study specifically it will provide description of the context of the study and gives short account of history of English language in Sudan. It is also provide a description of the study problem and formulates the question and hypotheses of the study. The significance of the study was shown. The scope and limitation of the study. Finally, the study unfolds the methodology to be adopted for conducting the empirical part of study. 1.1 Context of the Study problem: During the British colonial period of Sudan (1898- 1956). English language was the official language of the state. It was the medium of instruction in the educational institution during that period. It is worth mentioning that most of teachers at that time were native speakers of English and that allowed a wide exposure of English language for Sudanese students. Late after Sudan gained its independence in 1956 Arabic language began gradually to replace English as medium of instruction. Consequently, English language comes to be taught as a foreign language. 1 The current status of this language in the context of Sudan shows that it is declining and losing its significance in the education environment in this country because the purposes of learning this language have been changed. Upon considering its characteristics, English is a language which is rich in what are calls phrasal verbs are the most frequently used types of figurative language in discourse. For Sudanese secondary schools students these guises of language (i.e. phrasal verbs) are difficult to deal with because they are not relevant of the culture of the target language. -
TANYA LLOYD KYI Eyes and Spies on the Web BC PAGE 35 BOOKWORLD
BOOK PRIZES 18-25 • YOUR FREE GUIDE TO BOOKS & AUTHORS TANYA LLOYD KYI Eyes and Spies on the web BC PAGE 35 BOOKWORLD VOL. 31 • NO. 2 • SUMMER 2017 Tanya Lloyd Kyi WADE’S WORLD Three million people have seen Wade Davis’ five TED Talks. Now the public is invited to hear the National Geographic explorer in person. He will accept the George Ryga Award for Social Awareness RESOLUTE at the Vancouver Public Library for Wade Davis: Photographs. See pages 22-23 P.37 PUBLICATION MAIL AGREEMENT Placid Kindata HELP US HELP A VILLAGE IN AFRICA #40010086 FROM THE ASSOCIATION OF BOOK PUBLISHERS OF BC TIMBERTOWN TALES: CHESTER GETS A PET! by Judson Beaumont with Joanna Karaplis, illustrated by Breanna Cheek A SHORT SAD BOOK THE THREE PLEASURES McKellar & Martin THE CLOTHESLINE SWING by George Bowering by Terry Watada Publishing Group by Ahmad Danny Ramadan New Star Books Anvil Press Nightwood Editions Discover more #BCBooks at readlocalbc.ca MY HEART FILLS WITH HAPPINESS by Monique Gray Smith, illustrated by Julie Flett Orca Book Publishers MARIA MAHOI A QUEER LOVE STORY BEST PLACES TO BIRD IN OF THE ISLANDS The Letters of Jane Rule and BRITISH COLUMBIA Rick Bébout by Jean Barman by Russell Cannings New Star Books edited by Marilyn R. Schuster and Richard Cannings UBC Press Greystone Books SET SAIL WITH BC BOOKS! This summer, get transported with a BC book: a selection of local titles awaits you in BC Ferries Passages Gift Shops. 2 BC BOOKWORLD SUMMER 2017 PEOPLE * TOPSELLERS A collage by Terri-Lynn Williams Davidson from her Out of Concealment. -
What Literature Knows: Forays Into Literary Knowledge Production
Contributions to English 2 Contributions to English and American Literary Studies 2 and American Literary Studies 2 Antje Kley / Kai Merten (eds.) Antje Kley / Kai Merten (eds.) Kai Merten (eds.) Merten Kai / What Literature Knows This volume sheds light on the nexus between knowledge and literature. Arranged What Literature Knows historically, contributions address both popular and canonical English and Antje Kley US-American writing from the early modern period to the present. They focus on how historically specific texts engage with epistemological questions in relation to Forays into Literary Knowledge Production material and social forms as well as representation. The authors discuss literature as a culturally embedded form of knowledge production in its own right, which deploys narrative and poetic means of exploration to establish an independent and sometimes dissident archive. The worlds that imaginary texts project are shown to open up alternative perspectives to be reckoned with in the academic articulation and public discussion of issues in economics and the sciences, identity formation and wellbeing, legal rationale and political decision-making. What Literature Knows The Editors Antje Kley is professor of American Literary Studies at FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Her research interests focus on aesthetic forms and cultural functions of narrative, both autobiographical and fictional, in changing media environments between the eighteenth century and the present. Kai Merten is professor of British Literature at the University of Erfurt, Germany. His research focuses on contemporary poetry in English, Romantic culture in Britain as well as on questions of mediality in British literature and Postcolonial Studies. He is also the founder of the Erfurt Network on New Materialism. -
Compound Word Formation.Pdf
Snyder, William (in press) Compound word formation. In Jeffrey Lidz, William Snyder, and Joseph Pater (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Linguistics . Oxford: Oxford University Press. CHAPTER 6 Compound Word Formation William Snyder Languages differ in the mechanisms they provide for combining existing words into new, “compound” words. This chapter will focus on two major types of compound: synthetic -ER compounds, like English dishwasher (for either a human or a machine that washes dishes), where “-ER” stands for the crosslinguistic counterparts to agentive and instrumental -er in English; and endocentric bare-stem compounds, like English flower book , which could refer to a book about flowers, a book used to store pressed flowers, or many other types of book, as long there is a salient connection to flowers. With both types of compounding we find systematic cross- linguistic variation, and a literature that addresses some of the resulting questions for child language acquisition. In addition to these two varieties of compounding, a few others will be mentioned that look like promising areas for coordinated research on cross-linguistic variation and language acquisition. 6.1 Compounding—A Selective Review 6.1.1 Terminology The first step will be defining some key terms. An unfortunate aspect of the linguistic literature on morphology is a remarkable lack of consistency in what the “basic” terms are taken to mean. Strictly speaking one should begin with the very term “word,” but as Spencer (1991: 453) puts it, “One of the key unresolved questions in morphology is, ‘What is a word?’.” Setting this grander question to one side, a word will be called a “compound” if it is composed of two or more other words, and has approximately the same privileges of occurrence within a sentence as do other word-level members of its syntactic category (N, V, A, or P). -
The Chanticleer Jacksonv~Llestate Un~Vers~Ty+ Jacksonv~Lle.Ala
Jacksonville State University JSU Digital Commons Chanticleer Historical Newspapers 1987-04-16 Chanticleer | Vol 34, Issue 21 Jacksonville State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_chanty Recommended Citation Jacksonville State University, "Chanticleer | Vol 34, Issue 21" (1987). Chanticleer. 939. https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_chanty/939 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Historical Newspapers at JSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chanticleer by an authorized administrator of JSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sports: IGamecocLs breeze in Cassiano displays Turnout small for opener, lose second Whoopee. Igame to VSC. I See story P. 13.I I See story D. 18.1 The Chanticleer Jacksonv~lleState Un~vers~ty+ Jacksonv~lle.Ala. 36265 Am. 16. 1987 McGee sees a bright future ahead of JSU By ROY WILLIAMS tional accreditation. grant. Chanticleer Senior Editor The College of Commerce re- The Marching Southerners were For JSU president Dr. Harold ceived a national award for ex- asked to make a special appearance McGee, the 1986-87 academic year cellence. in the inaugural parade of Governor began as one of the biggest Self Hall underwent a multi- Guy Hunt. challenges in his lifetime. He was a million dollar renovation, and be- The College of Criminal Justice new president, faced with leading a came one of the best communica- provided training for Gov. Hunt's university operating on a substan- tion facilities in the state. bodyguards, and received a special tially smaller budget. Looking back Sigma Delta Chi, the Society of visit from the governor. -
Syntactic-Words.Pdf
Yearbook ofmorphology 3 (1990),201-216 Syntactic words and n*"1orphological words, simple and composite Arnold M. Zwicky 1. SYNTAGMATIC UNITS AND PARADIGMATIC UNITS What is the relationship between the simple or elementary objects of grammar, word- like things, and its composite or complex objects, phrase-like things? I focus here on a small piece of this gargantuan topic, having to do specifically with the elementary objects of morphosyntax, rather than with the grammar as a whole: ‘syntactic words’, the syntagmatic units I will call Ws; and ‘morphological words’, the paradigmatic units I will call moremes. The distinction at issue is a familiar one - it is made clearly, though not with this terminology, in careful discussions of the notion of word, such as those in Lyons (1968: sec. 5.4) and Matthews (1974) - but for some reason generative grammarians have for the most part failed to take the distinction seriously, preferring instead to use references to ‘X°’ units as if the small objects of syntax and the large objects of morphology have the same status, in fact, as if they coincided with one another. But they are objects ofquite different character - the fonner are expression tokens, the latter are expression types -and the question of whether they are in some sense coincident with one another is an empirical question, to be decided by considering a wide range of problematic data, not via a terminological or notational stipulation. Indeed, familiar data suggest quite strongly that coincidence is merely the default relationship between -
Sundance Institute Presents Institute Sundance U.S
1 #sundance • sundance.org/festival sundance.org/festival Sundance Institute Presents Institute Sundance Check website or mobile app for full description and content information. The U.S. Dramatic Competition Films As You Are The Birth of a Nation U.S. Dramatic Competition Dramatic U.S. Many of these films have not yet been rated by the Motion Picture Association of America. Read the full descriptions online and choose responsibly. Films are generally followed by a Q&A with the director and selected members of the cast and crew. All films are shown in 35mm, DCP, or HDCAM. Special thanks to Dolby Laboratories, Inc., for its support of our U.S.A., 2016, 110 min., color U.S.A., 2016, 110 min., color digital cinema projection. As You Are is a telling and retelling of a Set against the antebellum South, this story relationship between three teenagers as it follows Nat Turner, a literate slave and traces the course of their friendship through preacher whose financially strained owner, PROGRAMMERS a construction of disparate memories Samuel Turner, accepts an offer to use prompted by a police investigation. Nat’s preaching to subdue unruly slaves. Director, Associate Programmers Sundance Film Festival Lauren Cioffi, Adam Montgomery, After witnessing countless atrocities against 2 John Cooper Harry Vaughn fellow slaves, Nat devises a plan to lead his DIRECTOR: Miles Joris-Peyrafitte people to freedom. Director of Programming Shorts Programmers SCREENWRITERS: Miles Joris-Peyrafitte, Trevor Groth Dilcia Barrera, Emily Doe, Madison Harrison Ernesto Foronda, Jon Korn, PRINCIPAL CAST: Owen Campbell, DIRECTOR/SCREENWRITER: Nate Parker Senior Programmers Katie Metcalfe, Lisa Ogdie, Charlie Heaton, Amandla Stenberg, PRINCIPAL CAST: Nate Parker, David Courier, Shari Frilot, Adam Piron, Mike Plante, Kim Yutani, John Scurti, Scott Cohen, Armie Hammer, Aja Naomi King, Caroline Libresco, John Nein, Landon Zakheim Mary Stuart Masterson Jackie Earle Haley, Gabrielle Union, Mike Plante, Charlie Reff, Kim Yutani Mark Boone Jr. -
Pos, Morphology and Dependencies Annotation Guidelines for Arabic
PoS, Morphology and Dependencies Annotation Guidelines for Arabic Mohammed Attia, Tolga Kayadelen, Ryan Mcdonald, Slav Petrov Google Inc. May, 2017 Table of Contents 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................2 2. Tokenization...........................................................................................................................................3 Arabic Clitic Table................................................................................................................................4 Special Cases.........................................................................................................................................4 3. POS Tagging..........................................................................................................................................8 POS Quick Table...................................................................................................................................8 POS Tags.............................................................................................................................................13 JJ: Adjective....................................................................................................................................13 JJR: Elative Adjective.....................................................................................................................14 DT: The Arabic Determiner System...............................................................................................14 -
Filmic Tomboy Narrative and Queer Feminist Spectatorship
UNHAPPY MEDIUM: FILMIC TOMBOY NARRATIVE AND QUEER FEMINIST SPECTATORSHIP A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Lynne Stahl May 2015 © 2015 Lynne Stahl ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNHAPPY MEDIUM: FILMIC TOMBOY NARRATIVE AND QUEER FEMINIST SPECTATORSHIP Lynne Stahl, Ph.D. Cornell University, 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation investigates the ways in which American discourses of gender, sexuality, and emotion structure filmic narrative and the ways in which filmic narrative informs those discourses in turn. It approaches this matter through the figure of the tomboy, vastly undertheorized in literary scholarship, and explores the nodes of resistance that film form, celebrity identity, and queer emotional dispositions open up even in these narratives that obsessively domesticate their tomboy characters and pair them off with male love interests. The first chapter theorizes a mode of queer feminist spectatorship, called infelicitous reading, around the incoherently “happy” endings of tomboy films and obligatorily tragic conclusions of lesbian films; the second chapter links the political and sexual ambivalences of female-centered sports films to the ambivalent results of Title IX; and the third chapter outlines a type of queer reproductivity and feminist paranoia that emerges cumulatively in Jodie Foster’s body of work. Largely indebted to the work of Judith Butler, Lauren Berlant, and Sara Ahmed, this project engages with past and present problematics in the fields of queer theory, feminist film criticism, and affect studies—questions of nondichotomous genders, resistant spectatorship and feminist potential within linear narrative, and the chronological cues that dominant ideology builds into our understandings of gender, sexuality, narrative, and emotions. -
Agatha Christie
Agatha Christie Investigating Femininity Merja Makinen Crime Files Series General Editor: Clive Bloom Since its invention in the nineteenth century, detective fiction has never been more popular. In novels, short stories, films, radio, television and now in computer games, private detectives and psychopaths, prim poisoners and over- worked cops, tommy gun gangsters and cocaine criminals are the very stuff of modern imagination, and their creators one mainstay of popular consciousness. Crime Files is a ground-breaking series offering scholars, students and discerning readers a comprehensive set of guides to the world of crime and detective fiction. Every aspect of crime writing, detective fiction, gangster movie, true-crime exposé, police procedural and post-colonial investigation is explored through clear and informative texts offering comprehensive coverage and theoretical sophistication. Published titles include: Hans Bertens and Theo D’haen CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN CRIME FICTION Anita Biressi CRIME, FEAR AND THE LAW IN TRUE CRIME STORIES Ed Christian (editor) THE POST-COLONIAL DETECTIVE Paul Cobley THE AMERICAN THRILLER Generic Innovation and Social Change in the 1970s Lee Horsley THE NOIR THRILLER Merja Makinen AGATHA CHRISTIE Investigating Femininity Fran Mason AMERICAN GANGSTER CINEMA From Little Caesar to Pulp Fiction Linden Peach MASQUERADE, CRIME AND FICTION Susan Rowland FROM AGATHA CHRISTIE TO RUTH RENDELL British Women Writers in Detective and Crime Fiction Adrian Schober POSSESSED CHILD NARRATIVES IN LITERATURE AND FILM Contrary States Heather Worthington THE RISE OF THE DETECTIVE IN EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY POPULAR FICTION Crime Files Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-71471-3 (Hardback) ISBN 978-0-333-93064-9 (Paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. -
Compositionality in English Deverbal Compounds
Chapter 3 Compositionality in English deverbal compounds: The role of the head Gianina Iordăchioaia University of Stuttgart Lonneke van der Plas University of Malta Glorianna Jagfeld Lancaster University This paper is concerned with the compositionality of deverbal compounds such as budget assessment in English. We present an interdisciplinary study on how the morphosyntactic properties of the deverbal noun head (e.g., assessment) can pre- dict the interpretation of the compound, as mediated by the syntactic-semantic relationship between the non-head (e.g., budget) and the head. We start with Grim- shaw’s (1990) observation that deverbal nouns are ambiguous between composi- tionally interpreted argument structure nominals, which inherit verbal structure and realize arguments (e.g., the assessment of the budget by the government), and more lexicalized result nominals, which preserve no verbal properties or arguments (e.g., The assessment is on the table.). Our hypothesis is that deverbal compounds with argument structure nominal heads are fully compositional and, in our system, more easily predictable than those headed by result nominals, since their composi- tional make-up triggers an (unambiguous) object interpretation of the non-heads. Linguistic evidence gathered from corpora and human annotations, and evaluated with machine learning techniques supports this hypothesis. At the same time, it raises interesting discussion points on how different properties of the head con- tribute to the interpretation of the deverbal compound. Gianina Iordăchioaia, Lonneke van der Plas & Glorianna Jagfeld. 2020. Compositionality in English deverbal compounds: The role of the head. In Sabine Schulte im Walde & Eva Smolka (eds.), The role of constituents in multiword expressions: An interdisciplinary, cross-lingual perspec- tive, 61–106. -
Newsletter Issue 3
TTHEHE BB EANOEANO && DD ANDYANDY CC OLLECTORSOLLECTORS ’’ CC LUBLUB Founder Year 2006-7 July 2007 Issue 3 Contents 1-2 Editorial 2 Caption Competition 3-4 Letters to the Editor 4 Items For Sale 5-7 Jump, Froggy, Jump! 7-8 With a Roar, Out they Pour, Every afternoon at Four! EDITORIAL ... Dear Member cheque, postal order or PayPal. Full Interestingly, one of the Topper Books details on how to pay by PayPal can had a manufacturing fault in that a Welcome to the third and final news- be found on the website (www.phil- section of the pages had not been letter of the inaugural year of The comics.com). trimmed properly, giving an insight Beano & Dandy Collectors’ Club. It into the method of the book’s manu- was quite a challenge to initially set Bar a few spare issues, I intend to facture, previously unknown to me. up the club, but during the course of print an exact number of newsletters Pages are printed on both sides in a the first year it has proved a very to cater for the number of members long section, making up a ‘block’ of worthwhile experience and one that I subscribed when going to print. For pages, with a perforated line separat- am looking forward to taking further this reason, I would urge that if you ing each page. Upon folding them, in in the future. intend to re-subscribe to the club to a zigzag fashion, into a stack and do so sooner rather than later, to en- Throughout the year I have asked adding glue at the eventual spine end, sure you receive a copy of issue four myself “What do members really want the top and bottom edges are (Autumn 2007).