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Tesis Maestríax Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO ESCUELA DE POST-GRADO j “Susceptibilidad bacteriana in vitro del Enterococcus faecalis frente a diferentes concentraciones de aceite esencialPOSGRADO de Copaifera officinalis (copaiba) en comparación con hipoclorito de sodio al 2.5%” DE TESIS PARA OPTAR EL GRADO DE: MAESTRIADIGITAL EN ESTOMATOLOGÍA AUTOR Br. ROCÍO DEL PILAR BOCANEGRA ARISTA ASESOR BIBLIOTECA Dr. MARCO ANTONIO REÁTEGUI NAVARRO TRUJILLO 2009 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación A nuestro Padre Celestial que siempre está conmigo iluminándome y guiándome por el sendero del bien. A mis dos amores, mis padres Santiago y Marisa, por su apoyo incondicional y consejos POSGRADO que me guían hacia el camino DEdel éxito y superación. DIGITAL A mi hermana Carol, por brindarme su inmenso amor y paciencia; y BIBLIOTECAA mi hermanito Néstor, que desde el cielo me protege y bendice. Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Dr. Marco Antonio Reátegui Navarro, por su asesoramiento y grandes aportes en el desarrollo de esta investigación. A la Dra. Elva Mejía Delgado por su importante aporte en la ejecución de este trabajo. Al Dr. Jorge Neciosup Obando por su valiosa colaboración en la elaboración de este trabajo. POSGRADO A todas las personas que me acompañaron en esta importante etapa de mi vida brindándome su generosa amistad y apoyo. DE DIGITAL BIBLIOTECA Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación RESUMEN El presente estudio de investigación de tipo experimental comparativo tuvo como objetivo conocer la susceptibilidad bacteriana in vitro del Enterococcus faecalis frente a diferentes concentraciones de aceite esencial de Copaifera officinalis (copaiba) en comparación con hipoclorito de sodio al 2.5%. La muestra estuvo constituida por 90 repeticiones realizadas (con aceite esencial de copaiba a diferentes concentraciones o con hipoclorito de sodio al 2.5%) en cada placa petri con la cepa de Enterococcus faecalis. Se encontró que la susceptibilidad bacteriana in vitro del Enterococcus faecalis frente al aceitePOSGRADO esencial de Copaifera officinalis (copaiba) al 100%, 75% y 50% fue mayor en comparación con hipoclorito de sodio al 2.5%. DE Palabras claves: Susceptibilidad bacteriana, Enterococcus faecalis, Aceite de Copaifera officinalis (copaiba). DIGITAL BIBLIOTECA 1 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación ABSTRACT The present study of experimental type had as objective to know the bacterial susceptibility in vitro of Enterococcus faecalis to the Copaifera officinalis (copaiba) essential oil at different concentrations in comparison with the sodium hypochlorite to 2.5%. The sample was made up of 90 repetitions performed (with Copaiba essential oil at different concentrations or with sodium hypochlorite to 2.5%) in each petri plates of strains of Enterococcus faecalis. We found the bacterial susceptibility in vitro of Enterococcus faecalis to the Copaifera officinalis (copaiba)POSGRADO essential oil to 100%, 75% and 50% was higher than the sodium hypochlorite to 2.5%. DE Key words: Bacterial susceptibility, Enterococcus faecalis, Copaifera officinalis (copaiba) oil. DIGITAL BIBLIOTECA 2 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación ÍNDICE DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTOS RESUMEN ABSTRACT POSGRADO I. INTRODUCCIÓN ………………………………………………DE 01 II. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ………………………………… 16 III. RESULTADOS …………………………………………………. 25 IV. DISCUSIÓN …………………………………………………….. 29 DIGITAL V. CONCLUSIONES ……………………………………………… 32 VI. RECOMENDACIONES ……………………………………….. 33 VII. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ………………………... 34 ANEXOS BIBLIOTECA 3 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación I. INTRODUCCIÓN 1. Antecedentes y justificación del problema El sistema estomatognático es la unidad morfofuncional ubicada en la región cráneo-facial que comprende las estructuras combinadas de la boca y maxilares. Mantiene con el organismo una interrelación recíproca y constante en estado de salud y enfermedad. Está constituido por un conjunto heterogéneo de tejidos y órganos que comprenden estructuras óseas, dientes, músculos, articulaciones, glándulas y componentes vasculares, linfáticos y nerviosos asociados.1 POSGRADO Dentro de este sistema, los dientes son muy importantes en la ingestión y masticación de alimentos, fonación y estéticaDE de la persona. La profesión odontológica ha ido descubriendo que los dientes naturales funcionan mejor que cualquier sustituto, y ha comprendido que merece la pena esforzarse un poco más para tratar de conservar los dientes con problemas pulpares; así el tratamiento endodóntico haDIGITAL ampliado enormemente su campo de acción dentro de la práctica odontológica en estos últimos años.2 El tratamiento endodóntico abarca muchos aspectos cuando se trata de la endodoncia práctica; el desbridamiento total del espacio pulpar, la creación de un sellado apical y la obturación completa del sistema de conductos radiculares BIBLIOTECAconstituyen los objetivos principales.3 La cámara pulpar y los conductos radiculares de dientes no tratados desvitalizados están lleno de una masa gelatinosa de restos pulpares necróticos y 4 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación líquidos hísticos, porciones de tejido momificado y tejido viviente que se encuentra algunas veces en la porción apical del conducto radicular. Por lo general también hay bacterias. Un instrumento proyectado hacia dicho conducto puede hacer salir este material nocivo a través del agujero apical, y producir infecciones periapicales. Por esta razón, antes de la instrumentación y a intervalos frecuentes durante ella, los conductos deberán irrigarse con una solución que permita desinfectar y disolver el material orgánico.3 La irrigación del sistema de conductos es, quizás, uno de los procedimientos más importantes durante la terapia endodóntica;4 POSGRADOfacilita la instrumentación, debido a que lubrica las paredes de los conductos y suspende el polvo de dentina. Para el éxito a corto y largo plazo, DEel desbridamiento minucioso de la cámara pulpar y los conductos constituye un aspecto fundamental del tratamiento endodóntico.3 DIGITAL Sin embargo sabemos que la eliminación total de los microorganismos del interior del conducto es un objetivo difícil de lograr. Investigaciones realizadas han demostrado que con las técnicas convencionales se consigue eliminar mecánicamente un 90% de la población bacteriana6. Dejándonos todavía un 10% de microorganismos remanente dentro del sistema de conductos radicular, el cual puede potencialmente proliferar entre citas.6 Por este motivo, es importante BIBLIOTECA tener en cuenta que la preparación biomecánica y la irrigación con antisépticos debe ser realizada lo más completa y meticulosamente posible.5 5 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Compartir bajola misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital - Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación La patología pulpar y perirradicular son enfermedades inflamatorias de etiología microbiana. Los microorganismos y sus productos desempeñan un papel esencial en la inducción, progresión y perpetuación de tales enfermedades; más de 150 especies microbianas se han aislado de los canales infectados de la raíz, generalmente las infecciones son mixtas que comprenden de cuatro a siete diversas especies y con predominio de bacterias anaerobias estrictas.4 En un primer momento existe predominancia de microorganismos aeróbicos, pero a medida que las bacterias migran hacia la región apical aparecen anaerobios facultativos y estrictos. Este cambio enPOSGRADO la ecología del sistema de conductos radiculares infectados
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