Connecting Sichuan: Year One Partnering to Rebuild Communities and Expand Opportunities About This Report
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Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region
sustainability Article Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region Meijia Xiao 1 , Qingwen Zhang 1,*, Liqin Qu 2, Hafiz Athar Hussain 1 , Yuequn Dong 1 and Li Zheng 1 1 Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (M.X.); [email protected] (H.A.H.); [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (L.Z.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-82106031 Received: 12 December 2018; Accepted: 31 January 2019; Published: 11 February 2019 Abstract: Sloping farmland is an essential type of the farmland resource in China. In the Sichuan province, livelihood security and social development are particularly sensitive to changes in the sloping farmland, due to the region’s large portion of hilly territory and its over-dense population. In this study, we focused on spatiotemporal change of the sloping farmland and its driving forces in the Sichuan province. Sloping farmland areas were extracted from geographic data from digital elevation model (DEM) and land use maps, and the driving forces of the spatiotemporal change were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that, from 2000 to 2015, sloping farmland decreased by 3263 km2 in the Sichuan province. The area of gently sloping farmland (<10◦) decreased dramatically by 1467 km2, especially in the capital city, Chengdu, and its surrounding areas. -
Developing a New Perspective to Study the Health of Survivors of Sichuan Earthquakes in China
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref Liang and Wang Health Research Policy and Systems 2013, 11:41 http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/11/1/41 RESEARCH Open Access Developing a new perspective to study the health of survivors of Sichuan earthquakes in China: a study on the effect of post-earthquake rescue policies on survivors’ health-related quality of life Ying Liang1* and Xiukun Wang2 Abstract Background: Sichuan is a province in China with an extensive history of earthquakes. Recent earthquakes, including the Lushan earthquake in 2013, have resulted in thousands of people losing their homes and their families. However, there is a research gap on the efficiency of government support policies. Therefore, this study develops a new perspective to study the health of earthquake survivors, based on the effect of post-earthquake rescue policies on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of survivors of the Sichuan earthquake. Methods: This study uses data from a survey conducted in five hard-hit counties (Wenchuan, Qingchuan, Mianzhu, Lushan, and Dujiangyan) in Sichuan in 2013. A total of 2,000 questionnaires were distributed, and 1,672 were returned; the response rate was 83.6%. Results: Results of the rescue policies scale and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) scale passed the reliability test. The confirmatory factor analysis model showed that the physical component summary (PCS) directly affected the mental component summary (MCS). The results of structural equation model regarding the effects of rescue policies on HRQOL showed that the path coefficients of six policies (education, orphans, employment, poverty, legal, and social rescue policies) to the PCS of survivors were all positive and passed the test of significance. -
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: Risk Management Lessons and Implications Ic Acknowledgements
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: Risk Management Lessons and Implications Ic ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors Emily Paterson Domenico del Re Zifa Wang Editor Shelly Ericksen Graphic Designer Yaping Xie Contributors Joseph Sun, Pacific Gas and Electric Company Navin Peiris Robert Muir-Wood Image Sources Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Space Organization (NSO) References Burchfiel, B.C., Chen, Z., Liu, Y. Royden, L.H., “Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regoins, Central China,” International Geological Review, 37(8), edited by W.G. Ernst, B.J. Skinner, L.A. Taylor (1995). BusinessWeek,”China Quake Batters Energy Industry,” http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/may2008/ gb20080519_901796.htm, accessed September 2008. Densmore A.L., Ellis, M.A., Li, Y., Zhou, R., Hancock, G.S., and Richardson, N., “Active Tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan Faults at the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau,” Tectonics, 26, TC4005, doi:10.1029/2006TC001987 (2007). Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United States of America, “Quake Lakes Under Control, Situation Grim,” http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/gyzg/t458627.htm, accessed September 2008. Energy Bulletin, “China’s Renewable Energy Plans: Shaken, Not Stirred,” http://www.energybulletin.net/node/45778, accessed September 2008. Global Terrorism Analysis, “Energy Implications of the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake,” http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/ article.php?articleid=2374284, accessed September 2008. World Energy Outlook: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/, accessed September 2008. World Health Organization, “China, Sichuan Earthquake.” http://www.wpro.who.int/sites/eha/disasters/emergency_reports/ chn_earthquake_latest.htm, accessed September 2008. -
Respective Influence of Vertical Mountain Differentiation on Debris Flow Occurrence in the Upper Min River, China
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Respective infuence of vertical mountain diferentiation on debris fow occurrence in the Upper Min River, China Mingtao Ding*, Tao Huang , Hao Zheng & Guohui Yang The generation, formation, and development of debris fow are closely related to the vertical climate, vegetation, soil, lithology and topography of the mountain area. Taking in the upper reaches of Min River (the Upper Min River) as the study area, combined with GIS and RS technology, the Geo-detector (GEO) method was used to quantitatively analyze the respective infuence of 9 factors on debris fow occurrence. We identify from a list of 5 variables that explain 53.92%% of the total variance. Maximum daily rainfall and slope are recognized as the primary driver (39.56%) of the spatiotemporal variability of debris fow activity. Interaction detector indicates that the interaction between the vertical diferentiation factors of the mountainous areas in the study area is nonlinear enhancement. Risk detector shows that the debris fow accumulation area and propagation area in the Upper Min River are mainly distributed in the arid valleys of subtropical and warm temperate zones. The study results of this paper will enrich the scientifc basis of prevention and reduction of debris fow hazards. Debris fows are a common type of geological disaster in mountainous areas1,2, which ofen causes huge casual- ties and property losses3,4. To scientifcally deal with debris fow disasters, a lot of research has been carried out from the aspects of debris fow physics5–9, risk assessment10–12, social vulnerability/resilience13–15, etc. Jointly infuenced by unfavorable conditions and factors for social and economic development, the Upper Min River is a geographically uplifed but economically depressed region in Southwest Sichuan. -
Since the Reform and Opening Up1 1
Int. Statistical Inst.: Proc. 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin (Session CPS020) p.6378 Research of Acceleration Urbanization Impacts on Resources and Environment in Sichuan Province Caimo,Teng National Bureau of Statistics of China, Survey Organizations of Sichuan No.31, the East Route, Qingjiang Road Chengdu, China, 610072 E-mail: [email protected] Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of economic society and the rise ceaselessly of urbanization in Sichuan play an important role for material civilization and spiritual civilization, but also bring influence for resources and environment, this paper give an in-depth analysis about this. Ⅰ. The Main Characteristics of the Urbanization Development in Sichuan The reflection of urbanization in essence is from the industry cluster to population cluster., we tend to divided the process of urbanization into four stages, 1949-1978 is the first stage, 1978 – 1990 is the second stage, 1990 -2000 is the third stage, After the year of 2000 is the fourth stage. In view the particularities of the first phase, this paper researches mainly after three stages. 1. The level of the urbanization enhances unceasingly. With the reform and opening-up and the rapid development of social economy, the urbanization in Sichuan has significant achievements. The average annual growth of the level of urbanization is 0.8 percent in the twelve years of the second stage. The average annual growth in the third stage and the four stages is individually 0.5 and 1.3 percentage. The average annual growth of urbanization in the fourth stage is faster respectively 0.5 and 0.8 percent than the previous two stages which reflects obviously the rapid rise of the urbanization after the fourth stage in Sichuan. -
China: Sichuan Earthquake Mdrcn003
Emergency appeal n° MDRCN003 China: Sichuan GLIDE n° EQ-2008-000062-CHN Operations update n° 9 4 June 2008 Earthquake Period covered by this Update: 29 May- 3 June 2008 Appeal target (current): CHF 96.7 million (USD 92.7 million or EUR 59.5 million) to support the Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) to assist around 100,000 families (up to 500,000 people) for 36 months. <click here to view the attached revised emergency appeal budget> Appeal coverage: There has been a very generous and quick response to this appeal. Many pledges of funding have been received since the revised emergency appeal was launched on 30 May to reflect the increased support of the International Federation to the Red Cross Society of China’s response to the massive humanitarian needs of this disaster. <click here for the donor response list> <click here to link to a map of the affected areas; or here for contact details> Appeal history: • This emergency appeal was revised on 30 May 2008 for CHF 96.7 million (USD 92.7 million or EUR 59.5 million) to support the Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) to assist around 100,000 families (up to 500,000 people) for 36 months. • The emergency appeal was launched on 15 May 2008 for CHF 20,076,412 (USD 19.3 million or EUR 12.4 million) for 12 months to assist 100,000 beneficiaries. • Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF): CHF 250,000 was allocated from the International Federation’s DREF to support the RCSC’s response to the earthquake. -
Online Appendix (474.67
How do Tax Incentives Aect Investment and Productivity? Firm-Level Evidence from China ONLINE APPENDIX Yongzheng Liu School of Finance Renmin University of China E-mail: [email protected] Jie Mao School of International Trade and Economics University of International Business and Economics E-mail: [email protected] 1 Appendix A: Supplementary Figures and Tables Figure A1: The Distribution of Estimates for the False VAT Reform Variable Panel A. ln(Investment) Panel B. ln(TFP, OP method) 15 50 40 10 30 20 5 Probabilitydensity Probability density 10 0 0 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.384 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.089 The simulated VAT reform estimate The simulated VAT reform estimate reference normal, mean .0016 sd .03144 reference normal, mean .00021 sd .00833 Notes: The gure plots the density of the estimated coecients of the false VAT reform variable from the 500 simulation tests using the specication in Column (3) of Table 2. The vertical red lines present the treatment eect estimates reported in Column (3) of Table 2. Source: Authors' calculations. 2 Table A1: Evolution of the VAT Reform in China Stage of the Reform Industries Covered (Industry Classication Regions Covered (Starting Codes) Time) Machine and equipment manufacturing (35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42); Petroleum, chemical, and pharmaceutical manufacturing (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30); Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy (32, 33); The three North-eastern provinces: Liaoning (including 1 (July 2004) Agricultural product processing (13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, Dalian city), Jilin and Heilongjiang. 22); Shipbuilding (375); Automobile manufacturing (371, 372, 376, 379); Selected military and hi-tech products (a list of 249 rms, 62 of which are in our sample). -
Deyang Emerging City Market Report China
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 7/28/2012 GAIN Report Number: CH 1211 China - Peoples Republic of Post: Chengdu ATO Deyang Emerging City Market Report Report Categories: Market Development Reports Market Promotion/Competition Exporter Guide Approved By: Chanda Beckman Prepared By: Hannah Postel Report Highlights: Deyang, an industrial city located in the northeast part of Sichuan province, has recently demonstrated rapid growth and currently ranks as the province’s third largest economy. With a population of almost four million and per capita income above the provincial average, Deyang is a largely untapped market for American products. People are starting to try new imported food products for better quality and safety; however, increased market access could be difficult. Retail procurement is highly centralized and the HRI sector purchases the majority of their imported products from nearby provincial capital Chengdu. Deyang City Briefing The city of Deyang, established in 1983, covers an area of approximately 6,000 square kilometers and is home to 3.9 million residents. Located in northeastern Sichuan province, Deyang boasts the third highest GDP in the area at $18.05 billion. [1] However, in comparison to neighbor and provincial capital Chengdu, Deyang is solidly a second tier city with less than one fourth of the population size and less than one fifth of GDP. [2] Deyang City at a Glance 2011 -
Crustal Stress State and Seismic Hazard Along Southwest Segment of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt After Wenchuan Earthquake
Journal of Earth Science, Vol. 25, No. 4, p. 676–688, August 2014 ISSN 1674-487X Printed in China DOI: 10.1007/s12583-014-0457-z Crustal Stress State and Seismic Hazard along Southwest Segment of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt after Wenchuan Earthquake Xianghui Qin*, Chengxuan Tan, Qunce Chen, Manlu Wu, Chengjun Feng Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement & Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100081, China ABSTRACT: The crustal stress and seismic hazard estimation along the southwest segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt after the Wenchuan Earthquake was conducted by hydraulic fracturing for in-situ stress measurements in four boreholes at the Ridi, Wasigou, Dahegou, and Baoxing sites in 2003, 2008, and 2010. The data reveals relatively high crustal stresses in the Kangding region (Ridi, Wasigou, and Dahegou sites) before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake, while the stresses were relatively low in the short time after the earthquake. The crustal stress in the southwest of the Longmenshan thrust belt, especially in the Kangding region, may not have been totally released during the earthquake, and has since increased. Furthermore, the Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee’s law are adopted to analyzed in-situ stress data and its implications for fault activity along the southwest segment. The magnitudes of in-situ stresses are still close to or exceed the expected lower bound for fault activity, revealing that the studied region is likely to be active in the future. From the conclusions drawn from our and other methods, the southwest segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt, especially the Baoxing region, may present a future seismic hazard. -
China: Sichuan Earthquake
Emergency appeal n° MDRCN003 China: Sichuan GLIDE n° EQ-2008-000062-CHN Operations update n° 22 Earthquake 28 May 2009 One-Year Consolidated Report Period covered by this update: 12 May 2008 – 12 May 2009 Appeal target (current): CHF 167,102,368 (USD 137.7 million or EUR 110 million) <click here to view the attached revised emergency appeal budget> Appeal coverage: With contributions received to date, in cash and kind, and those in the pipeline, the appeal is currently approximately 92 per cent covered. A further CHF 13.7 million is still needed to enable implementation of all planned activities. <click here for interim financial report or here for contact details> Appeal history: • A revised emergency appeal was launched on 20 November 2008 for 167.1 million (USD 137.7 million or EUR 110 million) to assist 200,000 families (up to 1,000,000 people) for 31 months. • An emergency appeal was launched on 30 May 2008 for CHF 96.7 million (USD 92.7 million or EUR 59.5 million) in response to the huge humanitarian needs and in recognition of the unique position of the Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) supported by Red Cross Red Crescent partners to deliver high quality disaster response and recovery programmes. • A preliminary emergency appeal of CHF 20.1 million (USD 19.3 million and EUR 12.4 million) was issued on 15 May 2008 to support the RCSC to assist around 100,000 people affected by the earthquake for 12 months. • CHF 250,000 (USD 240,223 or EUR 155,160) was allocated from the International Federation’s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) on 12 May 2008, to support the RCSC to immediately start assessments of the affected areas and distribute relief items. -
Internal Ex-Post Evaluation for Technical Cooperation Project
Internal Ex-Post Evaluation for Technical Cooperation Project conducted by China Office: November, 2018 Country Name People's Republic of Project on Forest Restoration after the Earthquake in Sichuan Province China I. Project Outline The Sichuan Earthquake, which occurred in Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province in China on May 12, 2008, caused a great deal of damages to forest vegetation. As measures to restore the disaster-affected forests, the Government of China launched a policy to restore multiple functions of forests in stages through combining natural regeneration and artificial restoration. Through JICA’s technical cooperation project “The Background Model Afforestation Project in Sichuan” (2000-2007), technologies such as “Chisan” technologies using simple work methods had been developed in Sichuan Province. However, because of diverse geographical conditions of the areas affected by the Sichuan Earthquake, it was difficult to determine the precise measures for each condition. In addition, technical and management capacity of the related agencies was not sufficient for restoration of forest vegetation which had been destroyed in an unprecedented scale in China. The project aims at improving technical capacity of the related agencies of Sichuan Province, engaged in restoration projects for typical disaster-affected forests in the project areas1 in the earthquake-stricken areas in Sichuan Province in China, through development of restoration plans for the typical disaster-affected forests, establishment of technological system concerning major forest restoration work methods, and enhancement of contents and system of technical training necessary for implementation of restoration works Objectives of the Project for the disaster-affected forests, thereby enabling sustainable and self-reliant implementation of restoration projects for the disaster-affected forests. -
Gushan: the Formation of a Chan Lineage During the Seventeenth Century and Its Spread to Taiwan
Gushan: the Formation of a Chan Lineage During the Seventeenth Century and Its Spread to Taiwan Hsuan-Li Wang Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Hsuan-Li Wang All rights reserved ABSTRACT Gushan: the Formation of a Chan Lineage During the Seventeenth Century and Its Spread to Taiwan Hsuan-Li Wang Taking Gushan 鼓山 Monastery in Fujian Province as a reference point, this dissertation investigates the formation of the Gushan Chan lineage in Fujian area and its later diffusion process to Taiwan. From the perspective of religion diffusion studies, this dissertation investigates the three stages of this process: 1. the displacement of Caodong 曹洞 Chan center to Fujian in the seventeenth century; 2. Chinese migration bringing Buddhism to Taiwan in the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) and 3. the expansion diffusion activities of the institutions and masters affiliated with this lineage in Taiwan during the Japanese rule (1895-1945), and the new developments of humanistic Buddhism (renjian fojiao 人間佛教) after 1949. In this spreading process of the Gushan Chan lineage, Taiwanese Buddhism has emerged as the bridge between Chinese and Japanese Buddhism because of its unique historical experiences. It is in the expansion diffusion activities of the Gushan Chan lineage in Taiwan that Taiwanese Buddhism has gradually attained autonomy during the Japanese rule, leading to post-war new developments in contemporary humanistic Buddhism. Table of Contents List of Chart, Maps and Tables iii Acknowledgements iv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1. Research Motives and Goals 2 2.