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Calendrier Des Travaux De Victor Loret Dans La Vallée Des Rois Luc Gabolde

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Calendrier Des Travaux De Victor Loret Dans La Vallée Des Rois Luc Gabolde Calendrier des travaux de Victor Loret dans la Vallée des Rois Luc Gabolde To cite this version: Luc Gabolde. Calendrier des travaux de Victor Loret dans la Vallée des Rois. Kyphi, Cercle lyonnais d’égyptologie Victor Loret, 2006. hal-01895064 HAL Id: hal-01895064 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01895064 Submitted on 13 Oct 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 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Loret de Université Lyon II, (avec l’aimable autorisation du Pr. L. Pantalacci) CALENDRIER DES TRAVAUX DE V. LORET DANS LA VALLÉE DES ROIS LUC GABOLDE ’INTÉRÊT DE VICTOR LORET POUR LA VALLÉE DES ROIS s’est sans doute enraciné lorsque, après avoir dressé, en 1881, la listes de momies nouvellement retrouvées dans L la cachette royale de Deir el-Bahari 1, il collabora en 1883 à l’œuvre pionnière d’édition des tombeaux royaux entreprise par Eugène Lefébure dans le prestigieux cimetière des pharaons du Nouvel Empire 2. Devenu en 1897 directeur du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte, il retourna avec empressement dans la Vallée où, en l’absence de missions officielles, les fouilles sauvages menaçaient gravement la nécropole royale 3. Cette menace avérée justifie assurément l’initiative de Loret d’entreprendre des recherches sur ce site, initiative pourtant fort critiquée en son temps 4. Les notes de fouille retrouvées au sein des archives d’A. Varille autrefois conservées à Lyon et depuis acquises par l’Université de Milan 5, alliées aux informations consignées dans les carnets entreposés à l’Académie des Inscriptions et belles Lettres 6 permettent de reconstituer désormais le calendrier des fructueuses recherches menées par le savant lyonnais dans la 1 P. Virey, « Notice biographique d’Eugène Lefébure », Bibl.Eg. 24, 1910, p. XL. 2 E. Lefébure, Les hypogées royaux de Thèbes, MMAF II, 1886, p. 15-16. 3 En 1830 puis en 1835, J.G. Wilkinson numérote les 25 tombeaux connus de la Vallée (J.G. Wilkinson, Topographical Survey of Thebes, Londres 1830 ; id. Topography of Thebes, Londres 1835, p. 18). En 1897 V. Loret ajoute à la liste les n° 26 à 32 découverts avant son arrivée. Il attribue quatre de ces découvertes à Mariette, les n° 26, 27, 28 et 29, propose-t-il, sans certitude. La tombe n° 26 aurait en fait été explorée par J. Burton (N. Reeves et R. Wilkinson (The Complete Valley of the Kings, [par la suite C.V.K.] 1996, p. 182). KV 27 et 28 seraient indiquées, sans n°, sur le croquis de Wilkinson (ibid. p. 63) et sur sa carte on distingue les puits n° 26 et 40. Quoi qu’il en soit, il semble bien que les tombes n° 26, 30, 32 et 37 soient visibles à l’époque où E. Lefébure travaillait (E. Lefébure, Les hypogées royaux de Thèbes (par la suite H.R.T.) II, MMAF III/1, 1890, p. VII et p. 188 et L. Gabolde, « Sur quelques tombeaux mineurs de la Vallée des Rois découverts par Victor Loret », Actes du IXème congrès international des égyptologues, Grenoble, 5-11 septembre 2004, Peters, Louvain, 2006, à paraître). Les tombes 30 et 31 pourraient, selon E. Thomas (The Royal Necropoleis of Thebes [par la suite R.N.T.], Princeton, 1966. p. 157) avoir été découvertes par le comte de Belmore qui aurait suivi une suggestion de G. Belzoni remontant à 1817 (opinion adoptée par le Berkeley Maping Project, http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/sites/browse tomb_844.html et idem - 845.html). Celle-ci relève la présence de la tombe n° 30 sur la carte de H. Burton, mais, en revanche, ne la reconnaît pas (contrairement à nous) dans la description de E. Lefébure (mention précédente). Pour N. Reeves et R. Wilkinson (C.V.K. p. 109 et 183) ce sont aussi les tombes n° 30 et 31 que le comte Belmore aurait trouvées, mais, citant Stanley Mayes (ibid. p. 183), elles deviennent les tombes n° 31 et 32. Ailleurs, N. Reeves (V.K., p. 165, n. 165) supposait qu’il pouvait s’agir des tombes n° 27 et 28. Les guides locaux faisaient régulièrement état de dizaines de tombes à explorer dont ils connaissaient l’emplacement. 4 P. Piacentini in L. Gabolde, Chr. Orsenigo, P. Piacentini et V. Rondot, La Valle dei Re Riscoperta. I giornali di scavo di Victor Loret (1898-1899) e altri inediti. Milan, Skira, 2005, p. XIX. 5 L. Gabolde, Chr. Orsenigo, P. Piacentini et V. Rondot, La Valle dei Re Riscoperta. I giornali di scavo di Victor Lore (1898-1899) e altri inediti. Milan, Skira, 2005. 6 3 des 19 carnets de V. Loret déposés à l’Académie des Inscriptions et belles Lettres concernent les travaux menés dans la Vallée des Rois et ont été en partie publiés (note précédente). Ce sont les carnets n° 1, 2 et 3, portant les références IBL K 22 et dont le Pr. J. Leclant nous a favorisé la consultation et l’exploitation, qu’il en soit ici remercié. 40 L. GABOLDE Kyphi 5 Vallée 7. Il n’est pas inutile d’en donner ici un tableau synoptique dans la mesure où l’on est longtemps — et récemment encore — demeuré incertain sur la chronologie des travaux de V. Loret dans la Vallée des Rois et sur l’identité précise des découvertes dont il fut l’auteur 8. Les étapes marquantes de ces trouvailles (pl. 1 & 2) peuvent être résumées comme suit : février 1898, découverte de la tombe n° 33, anonyme, puis de la tombe n° 34 de Thoutmosis III (pl. 3 a-b). En mars de la même année, découverte de la tombe n° 35 d’Amenhotep II avec sa cachette de neuf momies royales (pl. 4 a-b). Fin mars, re-découverte, semble-t-il, du tombeau n° 32 (pl. 2 a-b). En mars de l’année suivante, 1899, découverte du tombeau n° 36, intact, de Maherpra (pl. 5 a-b). Début avril découverte du tombeau anonyme n° 37 (pl. 6 a-b) puis du tombeau n° 38 de Thoutmosis Ier(pl. 6 c). Un point de chronologie demeure cependant un peu déconcertant, et doit par conséquent être plus particulièrement signalé ici. Il semblerait bien que, par un concours de circonstances extraordinaire, V. Loret ait exploré les tombeaux n° 22 d'Amenhotep III, n° 23 d'Aÿ dans la Vallée de l’Ouest et n° 18 de Ramsès X à deux reprises, exactement à un an d'intervalle : une première fois les 27 et 28 mars 1898 (noté dans le carnet n° 1 p. 56 et 57) (pl. 7 a) et une seconde fois les 27 et 28 mars 1899 (noté dans les carnets n° 2 p. 8-10, 12) (pl. 7 b) 9. 1°) pour le carnet n° 1 de l’Académie des Inscriptions et belles Lettres, il y a une suite parfaitement chronologique des dates. Les événements notés avant les 27-28 mars tout comme ceux notés après se sont nécessairement déroulés en 1898 (le carnet n°1, est donc à dater entièrement ce cette année). Ainsi : — avant les 27-28 mars 1898, on constate, p. 48, le 21 février, qu’il y a un croquis avec l’emplacement du tombeau de Thoutmosis III au moment de la découverte puis un croquis de la seule première partie du tombeau. Ensuite, p. 51, le 9 mars, on rencontre un dessin de l'emplacement de l'entrée du tombeau d'Amenhotep II avec seulement les parties vues ce jour : l’escalier et le 1er corridor. Enfin, p. 52, il y a un croquis de la salle à six piliers avec un dessin sommaire des quatre salles latérales où l’on relève seulement la mention des trois momies de la pièce 3 et rien sur la cachette de la pièce 4 qui doit être encore presque intégralement murée !) — après les 27-28 mars 1898, on trouve ici, p. 58, la description des neuf momies de la cachette (noter que les momies sont soigneusement emballées et clouées dans des caisses dès 30 mars 1898 et donc invisibles l’année suivante. Elle gagneront Le Caire en janvier 1900). Par la suite, p. 63, se trouve un dessin des sections de la 1ère salle du tombeau d'Amenhotep II (l'année suivante, cette salle a été vidée et le découpage en sections n'a plus aucun sens et n'existe sûrement plus).
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