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The Heroic Destroyer and "Lucky" Ship O.R.P. "Blyskawica"
Transactions on the Built Environment vol 65, © 2003 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 The heroic destroyer and "lucky" ship O.R.P. "Blyskawica" A. Komorowski & A. Wojcik Naval University of Gdynia, Poland Abstract The destroyer O.R.P. "Blyskawica" is a precious national relic, the only remaining ship that was built before World War I1 (WW2). On the 5oth Anniversary of its service under the Polish flag, it was honoured with the highest military decoration - the Gold Cross of the Virtuti Militari Medal. It has been the only such case in the whole history of the Polish Navy. Its our national hero, war-veteran and very "lucky" warship. "Blyskawica" took part in almost every important operation in Europe throughout WW2. It sailed and covered the Baltic Sea, North Sea, all the area around Great Britain, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. During the war "Blyskawica" covered a distance of 148 thousand miles, guarded 83 convoys, carried out 108 operational patrols, participated in sinking two warships, damaged three submarines and certainly shot down four war-planes and quite probably three more. It was seriously damaged three times as a result of operational action. The crew casualties aggregated to a total of only 5 killed and 48 wounded petty officers and seamen, so it was a very "lucky" ship during WW2. In July 1947 the ship came back to Gdynia in Poland and started training activities. Having undergone rearmament and had a general overhaul, it became an anti-aircraft defence ship. In 1976 it replaced O.R.P. "Burza" as a Museum-Ship. -
NARVIK – Norwegian Eldorado for Wreck-Divers Wrecks of Narvik
NARVIK – Norwegian Eldorado for wreck-divers Wrecks of Narvik Text by Erling Skjold (history and diving) and Frank Bang (diving) Underwater photography by Frank Bang Ship photography by Erling Skjolds, NSA collection Translation by Michael Symes Dieter von Roeder The port of Narvik in north Norway was established around the export of iron-ore from Sweden. This was due to the very good harbour and its ice-free con- ditions. At the outbreak of World War II, Narvik was a strategically important harbour, and during the first few days of the war a very intense battle was fought out here between German, Norwegian and British naval forces. During this fighting several ships were sunk, both warships and civil merchant ships. Narvik harbour was transformed into a great ship ceme- tery, with wrecks sticking up out of the water every- where. Several of the ships were later salvaged, but many wrecks still remained. With its high density of wrecks, Narvik is an eldorado for wreck divers. A diver explores the wreck of the German destroyer Hermann Künne in Trollvika 61 X-RAY MAG : 5 : 2005 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED features Narvik Wrecks www.navalhistory.net Narvik harbour Maps outline battles in Narvik and around Norway during World War II Narvik harbour The importance of Narvik as a strate- Attack on April 9th the Eidsvold in just a few seconds. The that it was British gic harbour increased immediately at The German attack was a great surprise German ships could thereafter sail into forces that were the outbreak of World War II. -
Publisher's Note
Adam Matthew Publications is an imprint of Adam Matthew Digital Ltd, Pelham House, London Road, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 2AG, ENGLAND Telephone: +44 (1672) 511921 Fax: +44 (1672) 511663 Email: [email protected] POPULAR NEWSPAPERS DURING WORLD WAR II Parts 1 to 5: 1939-1945 (The Daily Express, The Mirror, The News of The World, The People and The Sunday Express) Publisher's Note This microfilm publication makes available complete runs the Daily Express, The Daily Mirror, the News of the World, The People, and the Sunday Express for the years 1939 through to 1945. The project is organised in five parts and covers the newspapers in chronological sequence. Part 1 provides full coverage for 1939; Part 2: 1940; Part 3: 1941; Part 4: 1942-1943; and finally, Part 5 covers 1944-1945. At last social historians and students of journalism can consult complete war-time runs of Britain’s popular newspapers in their libraries. Less august than the papers of record, it is these papers which reveal most about the impact of the war on the home front, the way in which people amused themselves in the face of adversity, and the way in which public morale was kept high through a mixture of propaganda and judicious reporting. Most importantly, it is through these papers that we can see how most ordinary people received news of the war. For, with a combined circulation of over 23 million by 1948, and a secondary readership far in excess of these figures, the News of the World, The People, the Daily Express, The Daily Mirror, and the Sunday Express reached into the homes of the majority of the British public and played a critical role in shaping public perceptions of the war. -
The Old Pangbournian Record Volume 2
The Old Pangbournian Record Volume 2 Casualties in War 1917-2020 Collected and written by Robin Knight (56-61) The Old Pangbournian Society The Old angbournianP Record Volume 2 Casualties in War 1917-2020 Collected and written by Robin Knight (56-61) The Old Pangbournian Society First published in the UK 2020 The Old Pangbournian Society Copyright © 2020 The moral right of the Old Pangbournian Society to be identified as the compiler of this work is asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, “Beloved by many. stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any Death hides but it does not divide.” * means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior consent of the Old Pangbournian Society in writing. All photographs are from personal collections or publicly-available free sources. Back Cover: © Julie Halford – Keeper of Roll of Honour Fleet Air Arm, RNAS Yeovilton ISBN 978-095-6877-031 Papers used in this book are natural, renewable and recyclable products sourced from well-managed forests. Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro, designed and produced *from a headstone dedication to R.E.F. Howard (30-33) by NP Design & Print Ltd, Wallingford, U.K. Foreword In a global and total war such as 1939-45, one in Both were extremely impressive leaders, soldiers which our national survival was at stake, sacrifice and human beings. became commonplace, almost routine. Today, notwithstanding Covid-19, the scale of losses For anyone associated with Pangbourne, this endured in the World Wars of the 20th century is continued appetite and affinity for service is no almost incomprehensible. -
Cab-65-16.Pdf
W.M.(40) 281st Conclusions, Minute 1. Greece! Military assistance. Minute 3. Prance: The French Fleet. 282nd Conclusions, Minute 2. Greece: Military assistance. 283rd Conclusions, Minute 1. Naval Operations: Enemy Raider in the Atlantic: Counter-Measures adopted. 285th Conclusions, Minute 4. France: The French Fleet: . "JEAN BART" and "RICHELIEU". 287th Conclusions, Minute 1. Naval Operations: Escort for Convoy. Minute 5. Middle East: Visit of Secretary of State for War. 290th Conclusions, Minute 1. Naval Operations: Loss of aircraft from H.M.S. ARGUS. 291st Conclusions, Minute 2. Greece: Military Assistance. 295th Conclusions, Minute 4. The Balkans: Italian invasion of ; Greece: possible explanation. 296th Conclusions, Minute 2. Air Defence: Air Defence of ' Great Britain. 297th Conclusions, Minute 1. Air Operations: Effectiveness of British Bombs: Air Bases in Greece 302nd Conclusions, Minute 1. Military Operations: Libya. 305th Conclusions, Air Policy: Operation "Abigail". * 306th Conclusions, Minute; 3. Germany: Future Intentions. 309th Conclusions, Minute 3. Air Policy: Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. : 310th Conclusions, Minute 2* The Balkans: Air Bases. 311th Conclusions, Minute 5 (a). France: Relations with the Vichy Government. Minute 5 (b). Royal Navy: Mediterranean Fleet Movements. .-7IIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OP.ffiXS BRXTANNIG MAJSSTY' S GOVERNIIEITT.. TO BE KEPT UNDER LOCK AND KEY. It is requested that special care may betaken to ansure the secrecy of thLs docu., ei.c. MOHT SECRET i COPIJSP-i 'W.M..(-40^ 281ST CONCLUSIONSi MINUTE 1* Confidential Annex,. (1st November, 1940 - IS Noon.) pEEOEo' The War Cabinet were informed that a squadron of Blenheims was being sent from Egypt to Athens. filitary ^istancee One British Battalion was arriving in Crete that day. -
Naval Aspects Spanish Civil
Naval Aspects of the Spanish Civil War (1936 – 1939) Presented at HMGS Cold Wars 2005 by Admiralty Trilogy Background of the Spanish Civil War ◆ Apr 1931 – End of Spanish Monarchy, Socialist Government in power ◆ Nov 1933 – Conservatives in power: revoking social reforms ◆ Nov 1936 – Social Revolutionaries back in power: collectivizing farms, attack church institutions ◆ 17 Jul 1936 – Revolt by Moroccan Garrison to put down ‘social revolution’ as letting the nation fall apart – become known as ‘Nationalists’ ◆ The remaining government forces which remained loyal to the Republic became known as ‘Republican’ 2 Division of the Spanish Fleet ◆ Most of the officers were Nationalists, most of crew were Republican ◆ Most of the ships were Republican ◆ Never any prolonged or massive engagement during the war – usually just skirmishes ◆ Most naval activity was convoy warfare, shore bombardment, port blockade and counter-blockade operations Nationalist Heavy Cruiser Baleares 3 Division of the Spanish Fleet Nationalists Republicans Battleship 1 1 Heavy Cruiser 2 Light Cruiser 2 3 Destroyer 5 16 Torpedo Boat 5 7 Gun Boat 5 1 Mine Layer 3 - Patrol Craft 4 5 Submarine 2 12 Men 7,000 13,000 4 International Conflict ◆ Nationalists supported by Italy and Germany — Both send arms, supplies, advisors and volunteers to assist. ◆ Both recognize Franco’s government - Nov 18, 1936 ◆ Italians initiate submarine campaign Nov 36 – Feb 37: Italian sub, Italian crew, single Spanish officer ◆ Republicans supported by Soviet Union and France — Soviet support is arms, munitions, advisors, — French support is aircraft and artillery. Government is pro-Republic, but general population is divided ◆ Lyon Conference 1936: Need to stop support to both sides before civil war becomes general European war. -
Aircraft Carriers Royal Canadian Navy (Rcn)
CANADA AVIATION MUSEUM AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT CARRIERS ROYAL CANADIAN NAVY (RCN) Prepared by Commander E.J. L’Heureux CD, RCN (Ret’d) Introduction Naval Aviation had its start only eight years after the Wright Brothers first flew their “Flyer” at Kill Devil Hill, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA, in 1903 and less than two years after J.A.D. McCurdy made the first airplane flight at Baddeck, on Bras D’Or Lake, Nova Scotia. It was in 1911 that Eugene Ely, an exhibition pilot, flew a Curtiss off the deck of the United States Ship (USS) BIRMINGHAM at anchor in Hampton Roads, Virginia, and flew it to Norfolk. Two months later he flew from Camp Selfridge to a 120 foot wooden deck fitted on the USS PENNSYLVANIA anchored in San Francisco Bay, proving the feasibility of the aircraft carrier. It would not be many years before the fledgling country of Canada was to participate in carrier based aviation, initially through the pilots who flew with the Royal Navy (RN) and latterly through the acquisition of aircraft carriers themselves. This story is a synopsis of that participation. Aircraft Carrier Development In the formative era of aircraft carrier development navies were tied to the concept that the bigger the ship and the larger the guns the more capable the navy. The bireme and trireme, referring to the numbers and layers of oars used in Greek and Roman galleons, gave way to the wooden hulls and big guns of later ships used in the Napoleonic Wars, and the battles of the Nile and Trafalgar. -
J Class Fleet Destroyer
J CLASS FLEET DESTROYER FEATURE ARTICLE written by James Davies For KEY INFORMATION Country of Origin: Great Britain. Manufacturers: Hawthorn Leslie, John Brown, Denny, Fairfield, Swan Hunter, White, Yarrow Major Variants: J class, K class, N class, Q class, R class (new), S class (new), T class, U class, V class (new), W class (new), Z class, CA class, CH class, CO class, CR class, Weapon class Role: Fleet protection, reconnaissance, convoy escort Operated by: Royal Navy (Variants also Polish Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Netherlands Navy, Royal Norwegian Navy) First Laid Down: 26th August 1937 Last Completed: 12th September 1939 Units: HMS Jervis, HMS Jersey, HMS Jaguar, HMS Juno, HMS Jupiter, HMS Janus, HMS Jackal, HMS Javelin Released by ww2ships.com BRITISH DESTROYERS www.WW2Ships.com FEATURE ARTICLE J Class Fleet Destroyer © James Davies Contents CONTENTS J Class Fleet Destroyer............................................................................................................1 Key Information.......................................................................................................................1 Contents.....................................................................................................................................2 Introduction...............................................................................................................................3 Development.............................................................................................................................4 -
CHAPTER 1 5 ABDA and ANZA CN the Second World
CHAPTER 1 5 ABDA AND ANZA C N the second world war the democracies fought at an initial disadvan- Itage, though possessing much greater resources than their enemies . Britain and the United States had embarked on accelerated rearmamen t programs in 1938, the naval projects including battleships and aircraf t carriers ; but this was a delayed start compared with that of Germany an d Japan. Preparing for munitions production for total war, finding out wha t weapons to make, and their perfection into prototypes for mass produc- tion, takes in time upwards of two decades . After this preparation period, a mass production on a nation-wide scale is at least a four-years' task in which "the first year yields nothing ; the second very little ; the third a lot and the fourth a flood" .' When Japan struck in December 1941, Britai n and the British Commonwealth had been at war for more than two years . During that time they had to a large extent changed over to a war economy and increasingly brought reserve strength into play . Indeed, in 1940, 1941 and 1942, British production of aircraft, tanks, trucks, self-propelled gun s and other materials of war, exceeded Germany 's. This was partly due to Britain's wartime economic mobilisation, and partly to the fact that Ger- many had not planned for a long war. Having achieved easy victories b y overwhelming unmobilised enemies with well-organised forces and accumu- lated stocks of munitions and materials, the Germans allowed over- confidence to prevent them from broadening the base of their econom y to match the mounting economic mobilisation of Britain . -
Model Ship Book 4Th Issue
A GUIDE TO 1/1200 AND 1/1250 WATERLINE MODEL SHIPS i CONTENTS FOREWARD TO THE 5TH ISSUE 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 Aim and Acknowledgements 2 The UK Scene 2 Overseas 3 Collecting 3 Sources of Information 4 Camouflage 4 List of Manufacturers 5 CHAPTER 2 UNITED KINGDOM MANUFACTURERS 7 BASSETT-LOWKE 7 BROADWATER 7 CAP AERO 7 CLEARWATER 7 CLYDESIDE 7 COASTLINES 8 CONNOLLY 8 CRUISE LINE MODELS 9 DEEP “C”/ATHELSTAN 9 ENSIGN 9 FIGUREHEAD 9 FLEETLINE 9 GORKY 10 GWYLAN 10 HORNBY MINIC (ROVEX) 11 LEICESTER MICROMODELS 11 LEN JORDAN MODELS 11 MB MODELS 12 MARINE ARTISTS MODELS 12 MOUNTFORD METAL MINIATURES 12 NAVWAR 13 NELSON 13 NEMINE/LLYN 13 OCEANIC 13 PEDESTAL 14 SANTA ROSA SHIPS 14 SEA-VEE 16 SANVAN 17 SKYTREX/MERCATOR 17 Mercator (and Atlantic) 19 SOLENT 21 TRIANG 21 TRIANG MINIC SHIPS LIMITED 22 ii WASS-LINE 24 WMS (Wirral Miniature Ships) 24 CHAPTER 3 CONTINENTAL MANUFACTURERS 26 Major Manufacturers 26 ALBATROS 26 ARGONAUT 27 RN Models in the Original Series 27 RN Models in the Current Series 27 USN Models in the Current Series 27 ARGOS 28 CM 28 DELPHIN 30 “G” (the models of Georg Grzybowski) 31 HAI 32 HANSA 33 NAVIS/NEPTUN (and Copy) 34 NAVIS WARSHIPS 34 Austro-Hungarian Navy 34 Brazilian Navy 34 Royal Navy 34 French Navy 35 Italian Navy 35 Imperial Japanese Navy 35 Imperial German Navy (& Reichmarine) 35 Russian Navy 36 Swedish Navy 36 United States Navy 36 NEPTUN 37 German Navy (Kriegsmarine) 37 British Royal Navy 37 Imperial Japanese Navy 38 United States Navy 38 French, Italian and Soviet Navies 38 Aircraft Models 38 Checklist – RN & -
Military Innovation and Carrier Aviation—
2017PGS 4/13/98 10:26 PM Page 97 Crashed VE–7 on USS Langley, 1925. Military Innovation and Carrier Aviation— Naval Historical Center An Analysis USS Langley leading task group in the Philippines, 1944. Naval Historical Center Autumn/Winter 1997–98 / JFQ 97 2017PGS 4/13/98 10:26 PM Page 98 ■ CARRIER AVIATION By JAN M. VAN TOL interesting things at sea. While proponents of air- craft as independent strike weapons were a mi- he first part of this article, which ap- nority, aviators were already well accepted by the peared in the last issue of JFQ, charted commanding officers of ships. Flying was not re- the historical development of British garded as a bad tour, though it is noteworthy that and American carrier aviation, with most aviators continued to do traditional ship- T board tours. particular emphasis on the complex interplay of technological, operational, and organi- zational factors. The second part treats legislation requiring commanding officers of key questions on how this revolution succeeded in the U.S. Navy and was carriers to be aviators created career paths rather less successful in the Royal Navy and what that implies for military innovation. Risk was further reduced by establishing an Among questions considered are: institutional home for champions and a venue ■ How quickly did those who grasped the vision for experimenting with new capabilities and con- move from a vague to a clearly-defined vision? How cepts of operation. This led to a viable career path quickly did change take place? that kept officers employed when their few years ■ Which mattered more to making progress, indi- of flying ended. -
SUPPLEMENT -TO the of TUESDAY, the Loth of AUGUST, 1948
ffhimb, 38377 4469 SUPPLEMENT -TO The Of TUESDAY, the loth of AUGUST, 1948 Registered as a newspaper WEDNESDAY, n AUGUST, 1948 MEDITERRANEAN CONVOY OPERATIONS. OPERATION " EXCESS " 4. With regard to the dawn action reported in Enclosures Nos. 6 and 9,* it is thought that The following Despatch was submitted to the this must have been a chance encounter, as Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty on so small an Italian force would hardly have the igth March, 1941 by Admiral Sir Andrew been sent unsupported to attack a heavily B. Cunningham, G.C.B., D.S.O., Comman- defended convoy. The heavy expenditure of der-in-Chi'ef, Mediterranean Station. ammunition by BON A VENTURE, largely in- Mediterranean, curred in an effort to sink a crippled ship, serves to emphasise the importance of using iqth March, 1941. the torpedo at close range on such occasions. 5. I fully concur with the remarks of the OPERATIONS M.C.4 AND M.C.6 Vice-Admiral, Light Forcesf concerning the towing of GALLANT by MOHAWK (Enclo- Be pleased to lay before Their Lordships the sure No. i if), and consider that this was a enclosed reports on Operation M.C 4 (which in- most ably conducted operation. cluded Operation " Excess ") and Operation It cannot be satisfactorily determined M.C.6,* carried out between 6th and i8th whether GALLANT was mined or torpedoed, January, 1941. but the absence of tracks and failure by the 2. These operations marked the advent of enemy to claim her sinking lend probability the German Air Force in strength in the Medi- to the supposition that it was a mine.