DOCSLIB.ORG

John Allen Cushing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
John Allen Cushing The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project JOHN ALLEN CUSHING Interviewed By: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview Date: September 10, 2009 Copyri ht 2009 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in New York; raised in New York and Hawaii. Reed College School for international Training, Brattleboro, )T Wonju, Korea; Peace Corps; ,nglish language instructor 19.701971 ,ducation ,n2ironment Anti0communism Relations with ,mbassy Assassination attempt on Park Chung Hee Korean army 3e4ico5 ,nglish language instructor 197101971 Studies and teaching in 3e4ico and 6apan and New 3e4ico 197101977 Rasht, Iran; ,nglish language instructor, Iran Na2y 197701977 School for International Training 3ujaheddin terrorism Tacoma Washington5 Bilingual education program 197701988 Foreign0born students Law suit Positions and duties ,ntered the Foreign Ser2ice 1988 ,ntrance e4aminations Family Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic5 Consular Officer 198801991 ,n2ironment Public utilities 1 Fraud Case load Haitians Ambassador Paul Taylor State Department5 FSI5 Dutch language training 1991 The Hague, etherlands5 Political Officer 199101992 Surinam and Dutch Antilles Tenure issue State Department5 Andean Affairs Officer 199201994 Tenure issue resol2ed Guatemala City, Guatemala5 ,conomic/Labor Officer 199401997 Ambassador 3arilyn 3cAfee Insurgency refugees United Nations Refugee Organizations 6acob Arbenz Human Rights ,n2ironment President Ramiro de Leon Carpio Peace Accord Port 3oresby, Papua New Guinea5 Consular/Political Officer 199701979 ,n2ironment Crime and security Attack on wife and hospitalization Ambassador Arma 6ane Karaer World War II 3issing in Action A3IA) searches Prime 3inister Bill Skate Go2ernment Australians Lawlessness Consular protection duties Peace Corps Tribal conflict Freeport 3ining Company WifeCs illness State Department5 ,conomic Officer, Korean Affairs 197901981 3arket access negotiations orth Korean nuclear energy Korean ,conomic De2elopment Organization AK,DO) ,conomic reco2ery issues 3arket issue 2 3ad cow disease State Department; I R; Korea analyst 19810 orth/South Korea relations Yellow Sea armistice line Law of the Sea Seoul, Korea; FSI5 Korean language studies 211102111 Course content and students Coal mining industry Study trips Seoul, Korea Political Officer 211102114 Trafficking of persons Tier Three problem Presidential elections Ambassador Thomas Hubbard Status of Forces case and demonstrations Foreign workers Roh 3oo Hyun go2ernment orth Korea and EA4is of ,2ilF Korean sympathy for North Korea Relations orth/South reciprocal arrangements President Kim Dae 6ung State Department5 FSI5 Public Diplomacy Training 2114 Cotonou, Benin; Public Affairs Officer 211402117 President 3athieu Kerekou American Cultural Center 6ournalist Award Program Facilities Programs Ambassador Wayne Neil French influence Peace Corps AIDS Relief Program Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago5 Chief, Political Section 211702119 LiGuid natural gas Racial di2ision Political Parties Basdeo Panday arcotics smuggling Security 3 ,n2ironment Kidnappings U.S. Drug ,nforcement Agency Summit of the Americas, 2119 Carni2al Go2ernment Caribbean ,conomic Community ACARICO3) Unemployment Relief Program AURP) Relations with Cuba Ambassador Dr. Roy Austin 3uslim group coup Chinese workers Unemployment Relief programs Corruption Culture ).S. Naipaul Drug trafficking corridors Petrocaribe Foreign Policy Cha2ez Cuba Tourism Retirement 2119 INTERVIEW Q: John, let%s start in the be innin . When and where were you born( CUSHI G5 I was born April 2., 1947 in Ithaca, New York. 3y father was a professor at Cornell Uni2ersity at the time. Q: Let%s talk about the family, let%s talk on your father%s side first. What do you know about the Cushin s( CUSHI G5 They came from the 2illage of Hingham, ,ngland which was the same 2illage that Abraham Lincoln came from. They had some religious disagreements with the church so about half the town of Hingham sold all their possessions and chartered a ship in 1.38 to sail to North America, where they established the town of Hingham, 3assachusetts, which is now a suburb of Boston. 3y ancestor is 3atthew. 3atthew sailed o2er and I think 6ohn was also born in ,ngland so it is 3atthew, 6ohn, 3atthew, 3atthew, Lea2itt, Lea2itt, Lea2itt, Francis 3arion, 3arion 6ay, and Robert Lea2itt Cushing, my father. I am the ele2enth generation. 4 Farther back than that, they were )ikings, descended from Hrolf, or Rollo. They were orsemen, they came into northern France and con2erted to Christianity and got some land there. One of my ancestors was a half brother to William the ConGueror so the family got a fairly large tract of land in ,ngland, southwest of Norwich. 3y great grandfather was too young for the Ci2il War but two of his three elder brothers fought. The eldest brother was impressed into the ,mergency Pennsyl2ania Reser2es during the in2asion of 18.3 but didnCt see any combat, but the two others, Benjamin 6ay and Lea2itt Wilson Cushing both fought with the Army Potomac throughout most of the war. They were both wounded at Fredericksburg. Lea2itt was wounded again at Gettysburg so he was put into a hospital in Philadelphia. He got out just in time for the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsyl2ania and then fought at Petersburg in 6une of 18.4. They were both with Company G of the 73rd Pennsyl2ania )olunteer Infantry. Some foolish officer sent them out on a large0scale reconnaissance without any support or skirmishers or anything so 1,.11 Union soldiers were rounded up by the Confederates and were kept on Belle Isle near Richmond for a while, and then they were put on a rickety old train to go to Anderson2ille, but between Lynchburg and Dan2ille there was a break in the rail lines so they were marched and they stopped one night in a field. The guards told them they could go down to the stream by the field and get a cup of water whene2er they wanted. They didnCt ha2e to check in or anything so Lea2itt was down there during the daytime getting a cup of water. He noticed sort of a shallow, natural depression in the bank so he went down there about three in the morning. I think he mentioned briefly to the Confederate guard that he was going to get a drink of water and scooped out the hole a little more with his tin cup, hiding the dirt and then crawled in backwards pulling in a bunch of brush in o2er himself. When they marched away that morning they couldnCt find him and they didnCt ha2e time to wait around so they just left without him. Two little boys were looking for sou2enirs from where all these Union soldiers had been held prisoner and so one of them actually fell through the hole and landed on him. He said, EDonCt worry. I wonCt hurt you,F brushed himself off, and took off into the woods. It took him about fi2e or si4 weeks to get back to the Union lines in West )irginia. He would sometimes stop at a house and ask for food and they would gi2e him something or occasionally he would dig up some potatoes, milk a cow, pick some berries or something, but he managed. He had to outrun and e2ade groups of pursuers at least twice, but he finally found an old farmer who told him where the Union lines were and allowed him to stay at his house, although they were going to ha2e a religious meeting there. He told him heCd better take a couple of books and go into the woods because there were some Confederate sympathizers who would be coming to the meeting and he didnCt want his house burned down. At any rate, he made it back to the Union lines in West )irginia, got some new clothes, and hitched rides on 2arious trains back to northern Pennsyl2ania. He had lost about 27 7 pounds by then. He was down to about say, 7C 8F and 127. He weighed 171 before he was captured. He went back to his hometown of Ulysses, Pennsyl2ania and took some time off. He wrote to the captain that he had escaped and he wanted some time off. He was there until about 6anuary, 18.7 at which point he decided to rejoin his regiment so he caught a series of trains and a boat and got all the way back down to Petersburg. He was there when the Confederate lines collapsed in early April so he was at Appomatto4 with his brother when Lee surrendered. He was mustered out 6une 31. Lea2ittCs brother Benjamin actually rose from pri2ate to bre2et second lieutenant, was put in charge of the commissary so he escaped some of the se2ere fighting of the later part of the war because he was bringing up supplies and so forth. 3y great grandfather, Francis 3arion Cushing was 18 when the war ended. The farm where they li2ed grew timothy hay which was for the draft horses of Philadelphia and ew York City. They just shipped the hay on the rail lines to the cities to feed all the horses that were in use at the time. It was concluded the farm was too small to support all of them so in 1872 he went out to ebraska with a few other people, got to the end of the railway and then walked north until he found a good place, a slight hill o2erlooking the Loup Ri2er and became a homesteader, sod buster, dug a little a hill and pro2ed up his claim. He had .41 acres. As soon as he had it fenced off and got title to the land, he went off up to the Black Hills and found work digging sluices for gold mining companies. He then became a bridge carpenter for a railroad company, not the original transcontinental railway but one of the other ones. I ha2e some letters from him because I was in Ulysses Pennsyl2ania to 2isit the gra2es of Lea2itt and Benjamin, and a librarian there ga2e me the name and number of a relati2e descended from Benjamin.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Enkaz Devralmak 2
    ENKAZ DEVRALMAK 2. ÖZET KİTAP Bu özet, III Bölüm ve 27 Alt Bölümden oluşan 1. ENKAZ DEVRALMAK özet kitabının devamıdır. BÖLÜM IV “Şu Palyaçoları Başından At” Nixon ve Ford Yönetimleri Döneminde CIA 1968 – 1976 28. “O Palyaçolar Orada Ne Yapıyor?” Helms 1968 baharında, tepesine dikilecek yeni patronun, ya Robert Kennedy, ya da Richard Nixon olacağından korkuyordu. Kennedy, teşkilâtın gücünü istismar etmiş, Helms’e de gayet soğuk ve aşağılayıcı tavırlar almıştı. Başkan adayı olur, sonra da seçilip Başkomutan kisvesini de kuşanırsa, teşkilâtın kendisi hakkındaki gizli dosyalarının tehdidini ensesinde hissedecekti. R. Kennedy seçim kampanyası sırasında bir suikasta kurban gitti. Helms, bu cinayete çok şaşırmış ama fazla da üzülmemişti doğrusu. Richard Nixon ise başka türlü bir sorundu. CIA’nın bir yığın tatlı su elitistleri, Kennedy’nin adamları ve dedikoducular ile dolu olduğunu düşünürdü. John Kennedy ile girişip kıl payı kaybettiği seçim yarışı sırasında yaşanan o meşhur TV tartışmasında yediği gollerin paslarını da rakibine, CIA’nın verdiğine inanıyordu. Nixon, eğer o seçimleri kazansaydı, gizli operasyonları yürütmek için CIA dışında bir örgüt kuracağını 1962’de kaleme aldığı hatıralarında (Six Crisis – Altı Kriz) yazmıştı. CIA’nın yüreğini sökeceğini belirtiyordu açıkça. Helms ve Nixon ilk kez 1968 Ağustos’unda, Başkan Johnson’un çiftliğindeki bir yemek sırasında uzun uzadıya konuştular. Nixon Helms’e, K. Vietnamlıların ABD’yi yendiklerine ilişkin düşüncelerinin sürüp sürmediğini sordu. Helms, düşmanın Dien Bien Phu zaferinden beri bu düşüncede olduğunu söyledi. Nixon’un duymak istediği son şeydi bu. Nixon, seçimleri kazandıktan sonra Johnson’a Helms hakkındaki düşüncelerini sordu, onu görevinde tutmalı mıydı? “Yetenekli ve sadık bir adamdır” dedi Johnson, “Ben olsam tutardım”. Helms yakında bu sadakatinin faturasının ne olduğunu öğrenecekti.
    [Show full text]
  • Commencement 1961-1970
    THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Conferring of Degrees at the close of the eighty-sixth academic year JUNE 12, 1962 Keyser Quadrangle Homewood ORDER OF PROCESSION The Graduates Marshals Carpenter Edgar A. | whs H. J. Johnson Alphonse Chapanis Richard J. Kok.es Carl F. Christ James L. Kuethe Stanley Corrsin Alvin Nason Palmer Futcher Peter E. Wagner John W. Gryder Charles M. Wylie * The Faculties Marshals James W. Poultney and John Walton * The Deans, The Trustees and Honored Guests Marshals Nathan Edelman and M. Gordon Wolman * The Chaplain The Presentors of the Honorary Degree Candidate The Candidates The Commencement Speaker The Chairman of the Board of Trustees The President of the University Chief Marshal Donald H. Andrews Assistant Marshal Francis H. Clauser * For the Presentation of Diplomas Marshals Maurice J. Bessman Stewart H. Hulse, Jr. William H. Huggins W. Kelso Morrill The ushers are undergraduate students of The Johns Hopkins University ORDER OF EVENTS Milton Stover Eisenhower, President of the University, presiding PROCESSIONAL MARCHE SOLENNELLE — FELIX BOROWSKI John H. Elterman, Organist The audience is requested to stand as the Academic Procession moves into the area and to remain standing until after the Invocation and the singing of the National Anthem. INVOCATION The Right Reverend Noble C. Powell * THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER THE UNIVERSITY ODE * GREETINGS TO PARENTS CHARLES S. GARLAND Chairman of the Board of Trustees * CONFERRING OF HONORARY DEGREES WILLIAM BENNETT KOUWENHOVEN Presented by Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. JULIUS ADAMS STRATTON Presented by Francis H. Clauser * ADDRESS JULIUS ADAMS STRATTON President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ORDER OF EVENTS Continued CONFERRING OF DEGREES ON CANDIDATES Presented by Dean G.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016-2017 Year in Review
    HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS PAST YEAR SPONSORS 2016-2017 Membership Premier Education Partner • The Council has more than 900 members, of whom half are at the Premier level. Platinum Sponsors ($20,000+) • Magellan Society membership (ages 21-40) includes more than 50 members. Gold Sponsors ($10,000+) Magellan Society Association of Corporate Counsel Jacksonville University North Florida Chapter The Mackowski Family Council Leaders connected with Young Professionals • Brunet-García Foundation - Dick and throughout the year via monthly Luncheon Ladders Coastal Construction Products, Marty Jones to discuss professional and international interests. Inc. - William and Barbara Harrell Mayo Clinic Additionally, Board members were paired one-on-one EverBank Pet Paradise with a selected cohort for the Mentor Program. FIS Gary and Nancy Chartrand • Quarterly Saloon collaborations with the Jacksonville The Haskell Company Advised Fund Public Library and the Jacksonville Zoo connected Holland & Knight LLP Paul and Nina Goodwin community issues within a global context and Holmes Private Client Group - David and Elaine Strickland featured experts in the fields of technology and Marty Jones wildlife conservation. Silver Sponsors ($5,000+) 2016 WORLD AFFAIRS COUNCIL EXPENSES* Adecco Group North America Bob and Sandy Cook Speaker Program CFA Society of Jacksonville Robert and Sallie Ann Hart 70% Management Chase Admiral and Mrs. Jonathan T. and General Chubb Personal Risk Services Howe Education Program Foley & Lardner LLP Diane DeMell Jacobsen 16% TOTAL EXPENSES: JAX Chamber Randy and Becky Johnson $815,417 McGuireWoods LLP Chuck and Nicki Moorer 14% Regency Centers Russell and Joannie Newton Retina Associates, P.A. -Fred Peter Rummell Lambrou, M.D. and Pat Fred and Susan Schantz 2016 WORLD AFFAIRS COUNCIL REVENUE Andrews Jay and Deannie Stein AND SUPPORT* US Assure Foundation Trust Sponsorships U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, May 1979
    tfTNING A/j- BRE . DAMAGE LIABILITY . TRANSIT/WAR INJURY BODILY RISKS . PROPERTY DAMAGE If, for any reason, you plan to live abroad for awhile—think travel-pak. Travel-pak will cover the household and FIRE personal possessions you take with you—on the . way—while there (including storage if desired) and back again. DAMAGE Travel-pak also includes personal liability coverage providing financial protection against those occurrences for which you might become liable. LUGGAGE When you plan to live abroad for awhile— think travel-pak. LIABILITY Return the coupon below for complete details —or call if you’re in a hurry! And when you return to the Washington area —call us—we’ll be happy to help you set up a STOLEN sound, economical insurance program covering your home, auto and life. ■ s SEND FOR DETAILS-TODAY 21A | Tell me about TRAVEL-PAK. WHEN YOU'RE GOING TO LIVE ABROAD! James W. Barrett Company, Inc. Name REED SHAW STENHOUSE INC. OF WASHINGTON, D.C. Insurance Brokers Address w 1140 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington. D.C. 20036 Telephone: 202-296-6440 City State Zip A REED SHAW STENHOUSE COMPANY FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL American Foreign Service Association MAY 1979: Volume 56, No. 5 Officers and Members of the Governing Board ISSN 0015-7279 LARS HYDLE, President KENNETH N. ROGERS, Vice President THOMAS O'CONNOR, Second Vice President FRANK CUMMINS, Secretary M. JAMES WILKINSON. Treasurer RONALD L. NICHOLSON, AID Representative PETER WOLCOTT, ICA Representative Communication re: JOSEPH N. MCBRIDE, BARBARA K. BODINE, Immigration Policy ROBERT H. STERN, State Representatives EUGENE M. BRADERMAN & ROBERT G.
    [Show full text]
  • Message to the Senate Transmitting 1987 Partial Revision of the Radio Regulations May 12, 1992
    May 12 / Administration of George Bush, 1992 Message to the Senate Transmitting 1987 Partial Revision of the Radio Regulations May 12, 1992 To the Senate of the United States: States submitted two reservations and re- With a view to receiving the advice and sponded to a statement submitted by Cuba consent of the Senate to ratification, I trans- directed at U.S. use of radio frequencies mit herewith the Partial Revision of the in Guantanamo. The specific reservations Radio Regulations (Geneva, 1979) signed on and statement are addressed in the report behalf of the United States at Geneva on of the Department of State. October 17, 1987, and the United States Most of the Partial Revision of the Radio reservations and statement as contained in Regulations entered into force October 3, the Final Protocol. I transmit also, for the 1989, for governments that, by that date, information of the Senate, the report of the had notified the Secretary General of the Department of State with respect to the International Telecommunication Union of 1987 Partial Revision. their approval thereof; provisions specifically The 1987 Revision constitutes a partial re- related to the maritime mobile service in vision of the Radio Regulations (Geneva the high frequency bands entered into force 1979), to which the United States is a party. on July 1, 1991. The primary purpose of the present revision I believe that the United States should, is to update the existing regulations pertain- subject to the reservations mentioned ing to the mobile radio services to take into above, become a party to the 1987 Partial account technical advances and the rapid Revision, which has the potential to improve growth of these services, and to implement mobile radio-communications worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with Stephen F. Dachi
    Library of Congress Interview with Stephen F. Dachi The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History ProjectInformation Series STEPHEN F. DACHI Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 30, 1997 Copyright 2001 ADST Q: Today is May 30, 1997. This is an interview with Stephen F. Dachi. This is being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. To begin at the beginning, could you tell me when and where you werborn and something about your family? DACHI: I was born in 1933 in Hungary. My father was a dentist. My mother was a physician. They both died when I was three years old in 1936, before the war. My grandparents “inherited me.” They happened to live in Romania. So, I went there just before the Germans marched into Austria, which is my first memory of arriving in Timisoara to live with my grandparents. Then I spent World War II there with them trying to survive. After the war, in 1948, an uncle and aunt who had gone to Canada before the war brought me out there. Q: During the war, what went on then in Romania, particularly as a Hungarian? There was a massive change of borders and everything else at that time. Did you get caught in that? Interview with Stephen F. Dachi http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib000263 Library of Congress DACHI: Very definitely, both that and the Holocaust. It has always been hell for Hungarians living in Romania. Kids would curse and harass us if they overheard us speaking Hungarian in the street.
    [Show full text]
  • Archival Supp
    It is most important that correspondence to a Foreign Service post be addressed to a section or position rather than to an •officer by. name. This will eliminate delays resulting from the forwarding of official mail to officers who have transferred. Normally,correspondence concerning commercial matteraahould'be addressed. simply "Commercial Section" followed by the name and correct mailing address ofthe post, (Samples of correct mailing addresses appear on page vii.) DEPARTMENT OF STATE Publication 7877 Revised January 1990 OFFICE OF INFORMATION SERVICES Publishing Services Division TO SUBMIT KEY OFFICER CHANGES ONLY: SEND CABLE OR MEMO TO: PS/GE, ROOM 1845, DEPARTMENT OF STATE 20520-1853 ....I,.1.'""w.&. WO,"".., YY.L'"".L.L...... .L ,"".L.Ll;;i.L.L ,",Vu......."'.L .J V.L a."'O.L6.L.LJ..L.L~.L"''''e UP~""'.La.J.J.""1,J.J.6 1,J.J. v.u. export promotion, Commercial Officers assist American business through: arranging appointments with local business and govern­ ment officials, providing counsel on local trade regulations, laws, and customs; identifying importers, buyers, agents, distributors, and joint venture partners for U.S. firms; and other business assistance. At smaller posts, U.S. commercial interests are represented by Economic/Commercial Officers who also have economic respon­ sibilities. Financial Attaches analyze and report on major financial devel­ opments and their implications for U.S. policies and programs. Political Officers analyze and report on political developments and their potential impact on U.S. interests. Labor Officers follow the activities oflabor organizations and can supply information on wages, nonwage costs, social security regulations, labor attitudes toward American investments, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Ignatius Global Issues Evening Presentation January 10, 2012 “How Secure Is Our National Security: Where Are the Threats?”
    Notes on Ignatius Global Issues Evening Presentation January 10, 2012 “How Secure Is Our National Security: Where Are The Threats?” 1. Opening segment on Republican primary field (in context of it being New Hampshire primary evening). 2. A brief set of comments on how he would expect the President to tout his administration’s foreign policy/defense achievements in the 2012 election: --Has been the most active in effective counterterrorism and strong covert action although covert action will be difficult to talk about. He commented negatively about candidates promising use of covert action. “What is it about ‘covert’ that they don’t understand?” --Has reversed a previous trend of negative views of U.S. around the world --Followed through on exit from Iraq although outcome without U.S. troop presence is worrisome and uncertain. Kurdistan (in the north) is going its own way and doing fine. --Plan for Afghanistan (although Ignatius does not feel that the strategy there has been an effective one and it is not clear that the exit planned will be an easy one) --Afghanistan, he noted, is of importance to the U.S. only because of bordering Pakistan and its proximity to Pak nuclear weapons, the security of which is of paramount concern --Success claimed in Libya 3. National security threat highlights --Iran. Economic sanctions are working and are likely to be intensified (particularly related to pushing other countries to not buy Iranian oil). Iran is feeling the pressure and is operating wildly and erratically. He quoted Harvard Kennedy School professor, Graham Allison as saying that Iran is “the ‘Cuban Missile Crisis’ in slow motion.” Although there is no enthusiasm in the Administration for war with Iran, it is likely there will be some sort of confrontation sometime—just unclear when.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Policy Toward Guatemala an Annotated Bibliography
    United States Policy Toward Guatemala An annotated bibliography By Eric Jenes December 4, 2008 LIS 541: Government Documents Final Project 1 INTRODUCTION The United States has long had interest in the Central American republic of Guatemala. During the 19th Century and the first half of the 20th Century, Guatemala was a major agricultural exporter to the U.S., largely through the Untied Fruit Co. In 1944, students lead a revolution in Guatemala which eventually overthrew a right-wing leader whom the Americans had friendly relations. Following the ascension of President Arbenz, a communist sympathizing leader, the United States funneled military assistance to capitalist dissidents and military leaders. This lead to a coup in 1954, which was followed by close to forty years of civil war between the government of Guatemala and armed guerillas. Through those periods of warfare, U.S. administrations offered military and security assistance to the Guatemalan regimes, though often with reservations. In the mid 90s, the UN brokered a peace agreement between the government and rebel guerillas groups. Today, U.S.-Guatemalan relations are focused on expanding free trade and fighting drug trafficking. METHODOLOGY The documents assembled in this bibliography were culled from a variety of sources. The Congressional Serial Set, THOMAS, and GPO Access were all useful in researching U.S. policy toward Guatemala in Congressional and Executive acts. While print collections were useful for a few State Department documents, free text searching helped differentiate between meaningful and unhelpful documents. There were 2 numerous bills that mentioned, or dealt with Guatemala, but few actually articulated U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Conversation with Ambassador Ryan Crocker” Moderated by Ambassador Marilyn Mcafee
    Ambassador Ryan Crocker Notes on Remarks March 19, 2013 The River Club “A Conversation with Ambassador Ryan Crocker” Moderated by Ambassador Marilyn McAfee Q. An Ambassador’s “tool box” is very limited. What did you find most effective and useful in accomplishing your objectives? The most important asset is personal relationships. In the State Department funding is very limited. An ambassador needs to look for funds from other better financed agencies that comprise the Country Team. USAID and the military are two good sources. The military particularly appreciates ideas for good projects. They can do things quickly. Q. As U.S. Ambassador you are the President’s personal representative, but you report to the Secretary of State and as was the case in Iraq and Afghanistan, you have a large in- country U.S. military presence with a four-star (general) in charge. How do you make that work?” We had joint satellite conferences with the key players in Washington so we were always on the same page and decisions once made were clear. It’s a lot harder to coordinate and get decisions at the middle level. At the top it’s easy. The President decides and that’s it. It worked that way with two Presidents. Q. The recent issue of Foreign Policy refers to “militarized foreign policy”. What is the best model? There is the Afghanistan and Iraq model with U.S. troops on the ground, then Libya with U.S. arms, air power and no troops and now Syria and Mali where we are reluctant to get involved in helping.
    [Show full text]
  • Nigel West, 2009
    OTHER A TO Z GUIDES FROM THE SCARECROW PRESS, INC. 1. The A to Z of Buddhism by Charles S. Prebish, 2001. 2. The A to Z of Catholicism by William J. Collinge, 2001. 3. The A to Z of Hinduism by Bruce M. Sullivan, 2001. 4. The A to Z of Islam by Ludwig W. Adamec, 2002. 5. The A to Z of Slavery & Abolition by Martin A. Klein, 2002. 6. Terrorism: Assassins to Zealots by Sean Kendall Anderson and Stephen Sloan, 2003. 7. The A to Z of the Korean War by Paul M. Edwards, 2005. 8. The A to Z of the Cold War by Joseph Smith and Simon Davis, 2005. 9. The A to Z of the Vietnam War by Edwin E. Moise, 2005. 10. The A to Z of Science Fiction Literature by Brian Stableford, 2005. 11. The A to Z of the Holocaust by Jack R. Fischel, 2005. 12. The A to Z of Washington, D.C. by Robert Benedetto, Jane Dono- van, and Kathleen DuVall, 2005. 13. The A to Z of Taoism by Julian F. Pas, 2006. 14. The A to Z of the Renaissance by Charles G. Nauert, 2006. 15. The A to Z of Shinto by Stuart D. B. Picken, 2006. 16. The A to Z of Byzantium by John H. Rosser, 2006. 17. The A to Z of the Civil War by Terry L. Jones, 2006. 18. The A to Z of the Friends (Quakers) by Margery Post Abbott, Mary Ellen Chijioke, Pink Dandelion, and John William Oliver Jr., 2006 19.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater on the President's Meeting with Prime Minister Patrick Manning of Trinidad and Tobago N
    Administration of George Bush, 1992 / May 12 ry Council on Unemployment Compensa- through the Disaster Unemployment Assist- tion to study and make recommendations ance Program. on permanent unemployment compensation The President stated, ‘‘I urge the Con- reforms by February 1, 1993. gress to join us in setting aside partisan poli- As previously announced, workers who tics and moving expeditiously to pass this are unemployed as a result of the disturb- extension so that unemployed workers will ances in Los Angeles and who may not know they can count on these benefits as qualify for standard unemployment benefits the economy begins to recover.’’ will be receiving unemployment benefits Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater on the President’s Meeting With Prime Minister Patrick Manning of Trinidad and Tobago May 12, 1992 The President met this afternoon with coordinated counternarcotics strategy and Prime Minister Patrick Manning of Trinidad thanked him for his quick action in address- and Tobago. The President congratulated ing the drug problem. The Prime Minister him on his plans to further liberalize Trini- expressed his appreciation to the President dad and Tobago’s economy by removing im- for the support of the United States and port restrictions and promoting privatiza- reaffirmed his commitment to economic re- tion. He praised Prime Minister Manning’s forms and a strong counternarcotics effort. Nomination of Marilyn McAfee To Be United States Ambassador to Guatemala May 12, 1992 The President today announced his inten- served as Counselor of Public Affairs at the tion to nominate Marilyn McAfee, of Flor- U.S. Embassy in Santiago, Chile, 1986–89; ida, a career member of the Senior Foreign and in Caracas, Venezuela, 1983–86.
    [Show full text]