South Gloucestershire Council

2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

October 2016

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 South Gloucestershire Council

Local Authority Sally Radwell Officer Department Environment & Community Services

Environmental Protection, PO Box 299, Address Civic Centre, High Street, Kingswood, Bristol BS15 0DR

Telephone 01454 868001

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference SGC_ASR_2016 number Date October 2016

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 South Gloucestershire Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1, 2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

The Council has a duty to review and assess air quality within its district under the Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 and this Annual Status Report has been prepared to fulfil this requirement.

Air pollutants can arise from a variety of sources, including transport and industry. Pollutant levels are assessed against health-based national air quality objectives. Where the objectives are not met, Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) must be declared and an Action Plan put in place to improve the air quality in these areas.

Air Quality in South Gloucestershire

The main air pollutant of concern locally is nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which originates primarily from road traffic emissions.

The air quality in South Gloucestershire is generally good. However, there are some areas in the district where the air quality does not meet the national air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide, mostly due to the combination of busy, congested roads and the close proximity of people to these roads.

Air Quality Management Areas

There are three AQMAs currently declared in South Gloucestershire in respect of the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide:

 Cribbs Causeway – adjacent to the M5 Junction 17 roundabout

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 i South Gloucestershire Council

 Staple Hill – in the centre around the Broad Street/ High Street/ Soundwell Road/ Victoria Street crossroads

 Kingswood – Warmley – from the Bristol/ South Gloucestershire boundary in Kingswood along the A420 to the junction with Goldney Avenue in Warmley.

Full details of these AQMAs are included in Table 2.1 of this report and maps are available in Appendix E. Further information on the AQMAs are available on the Council website at www.southglos.gov.uk/airquality.

Trends in monitored concentrations

There is no clear trend in nitrogen dioxide concentrations at the diffusion tube monitoring sites across the district. Pollutant concentrations can vary significantly from one year to another due to a number of factors, but in particular the meteorological conditions. Within the Kingswood – Warmley and Staple Hill AQMAs, concentrations have remained relatively stable over the past decade, although since 2012, the number of sites exceeding the annual mean objective has fallen and the nitrogen dioxide concentrations have decreased at the majority of the monitoring sites in both AQMAs, but persistent pockets of exceedance remain.

The Yate automatic monitoring site shows the annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations have been generally stable over the past decade, although a downward trend in monitored concentrations can be observed from 2013. The trend in particulate matter (PM10) concentrations at this site also shows that annual mean concentrations have generally been stable since 2005. While there has been a downward trend in monitored concentrations since 2010, this has levelled off and remained constant at 15 µg/m3 from 2013 to 2015. Concentrations of both pollutants remain well below the relevant objectives at this site.

The trends within the AQMAs are discussed fully in Chapter 3 of the report and all trend graphs are available in Appendix A.

Pollutant sources

The following pollutant sources were considered as part of the review of air quality for this report, as detailed in the Defra LAQM Technical Guidance (LAQM.TG16)4.

 Road Traffic Sources

4 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 ii South Gloucestershire Council

 Non-Road transport Sources

 Industrial Sources

 Commercial and Domestic Sources

 Fugitive and Uncontrolled Sources

No new major sources of emissions were identified. Full details are provided in Appendix D of the report.

How the Council works to manage local air quality

South Gloucestershire Council is a unitary authority and Planning, Transport and Environmental Health are all within the same Directorate (Environment and Community Services) enabling close working between these teams. This has particularly allowed close working between Environmental Health, with their responsibilities for local air quality management and the Strategic Transport and Environment Policy Team, who lead on air quality action plan development and implementation.

A close working relationship has also importantly been developed with Public Health. This has been further advanced by the appointment of a specific officer within the Public Health Team with responsibility for the built environment, recognising the importance of aligning spatial planning and transport work with its associated impacts on air quality and health.

Further to the recently updated Defra Local Air Quality Management Guidance5, the council is revitalising its air quality governance and reporting arrangements in recognition of the public health aspects of poor air quality.

South Gloucestershire also works closely with other neighbouring authorities in the West of England (Bath and North East Somerset, Bristol City Council and North Somerset), particularly with regard to regional strategic work areas such as transport.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

Progress continues to be made in implementing the existing Air Quality Action Plan for Kingswood and Staple Hill. Key progress includes:

5 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/supporting-guidance.html

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 iii South Gloucestershire Council

 Completion of several schemes that improve the cycling infrastructure associated with the Bristol/Bath Railway Cycle Path which serves the Staple Hill AQMA.

 Delivery of a scheme to improve pedestrian facilities at the A420 High Street/Alma Road junction, thereby promoting walking in the Kingswood AQMA.

 Funding was awarded under the Clean Bus Technology Fund in December 2015 following a joint bid by Bristol, South Gloucestershire and Bath and North East Somerset Councils. The funding will be used to upgrade 35 of the most polluting Euro II and III local buses by fitting Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology (SCRT), thereby reducing tailpipe NOx emissions on those services, all of which operate in the Bristol, Bath and South Gloucestershire AQMAs.

Full details of progress in implementing the existing Action Plan for Kingswood and Staple Hill are contained in Section 2.2 of this report.

Other actions being progressed on a wider West of England basis aimed at reducing traffic congestion which should contribute to improved air quality include:

 Metrobus - a rapid public transport system which will provide direct routes to key employment, education and leisure destinations around the area6. Further information is also provided in Appendix D.

 Cribbs Patchway Metrobus Extension7 - an extension of the Metrobus scheme to serve the proposed Cribbs Patchway New Neighbourhood on the former Filton Airfield.

 MetroWest - improved rail services and infrastructure8.

 Cycle Ambition Fund – improvements to cycle routes to provide better door-to- door journeys9

6 https://travelwest.info/metrobus 7 https://travelwest.info/projects/cribbs-patchway-metrobus-extension 8 https://travelwest.info/projects/metrowest 9 https://travelwest.info/projects/cycle-ambition-fund

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 iv South Gloucestershire Council Local Priorities and Challenges

The priority for the coming year is to review and update the Air Quality Action Plan following the extension of the Kingswood AQMA to Warmley in December 2015. A traffic microsimulation model was commissioned in 2015 for the Kingswood – Warmley AQMA to help provide a better understanding of the impact of road traffic network management decisions on local air quality and identify new actions for the Warmley extension. A steering group from across the relevant Council teams, including public health, and other partners, will be set up to review and update the Action Plan. Completion of the Action Plan is anticipated during 2017.

The Council faces major challenges at a time of significant pressure on public finances, particularly in relation to local government funding, which could impact on delivering air quality improvements.

The transport system is subject to significant pressure within South Gloucestershire, due to the sheer level of travel demand generated by the current population and by people coming into the area on a daily basis to work, shop and for leisure reasons. These pressures are shown through traffic congestion on South Gloucestershire’s road network and capacity problems on local rail services.

The West of England area as a whole needs at least 85,000 new homes by 2036, as well as transport and other infrastructure. At least 30,000 of these new homes are likely to be built in South Gloucestershire. South Gloucestershire is working with the other West of England authorities to develop a Joint Spatial Plan and Joint Transport Strategy10.

A Devolution Proposal11 has been submitted by three of the West of England Councils (not North Somerset) which, if it goes ahead, will give more power to make decisions locally about transport, housing, adult education and skills and business support for example, and crucially more funding to improve transport infrastructure, create new jobs and improve adult education and skills. The proposal indicates that clean air zones would be implemented in the combined authority area to help achieve air quality objectives, although it is not clear where these would be located.

10 https://www.jointplanningwofe.org.uk/consult.ti 11 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/west-of-england-devolution-deal

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 v South Gloucestershire Council How to Get Involved

Everyone can help to improve air quality. We can all make informed personal choices, particularly with regard to how we travel, and even look after our own health a little better in the process.

By changing our habits and substituting car use, if and when possible, with a bus or train journey, or preferably by walking or cycling, we not only reduce air pollution but improve our health and wellbeing. If possible, consider sharing lifts with colleagues to work as this will save petrol money and as well as reducing the number of cars on the road. When looking to change your vehicle, take air pollution in consideration and opt for the cleanest vehicle you feasibly can. Low emission electric and /or hybrid vehicles are becoming more affordable and government funding and grants are available.

While most air pollution in South Gloucestershire is caused by road traffic, other measures that could be considered include:

 Upgrading boilers to newest and most efficient gas condensing boilers with

lowest NOx (and carbon) emissions.

 “Clean” renewable energy generation, for example via solar photovoltaics.

While difficult, there are decisions we can all make to reduce air pollution. Even relatively small changes can add up and make a difference to the quality of the air we all breathe.

Further information is available on our website www.southglos.gov.uk/airquality.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 vi South Gloucestershire Council Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in South Gloucestershire ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... iii Local Priorities and Challenges ...... v How to Get Involved...... vi 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in South Gloucestershire ...... 4

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations...... 29 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 32 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 32 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 32 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 32 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 33

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 33

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 39 Appendices ...... 40 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 41 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015 ...... 72 Appendix C: Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 81 QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring...... 81 QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring ...... 87 Appendix D: Supporting Technical Information ...... 90 Appendix E: Maps ...... 100 Maps of Current Air Quality Management Areas ...... 100 Maps of Monitoring Locations ...... 103 Appendix F: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 113 Glossary of Terms ...... 114 References ...... 115

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 vii South Gloucestershire Council

List of Tables Table 2.1 Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 3 Table 2.2 Kingswood Action Plan - Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality.... 10 Table 2.3 Staple Hill Action Plan – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality .... 20 Table A.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Site ...... 41 Table A.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 42 Table A.3 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 51 Table A.4 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 60 Table A.5 Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results ...... 61 Table A.6 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results ...... 61 Table A.7 Kingswood- Warmley AQMA Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 62 Table A.8 Staple Hill AQMA Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 65 Table A.9 Estimation of PM2.5 concentrations and % reductions ...... 67 Table B.1 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2015 ...... 72 Table C.1 Data used to adjust short-term NO2 monitoring data to 2015 annual mean for Site 152 ...... 84 Table C.2 Data used to adjust short-term NO2 monitoring data to 2015 annual mean for Site 157 ...... 84 Table C.3 Data used to adjust short-term NO2 monitoring data to 2015 annual mean for Site 158 ...... 85 Table C.4 Adjustment of nitrogen dioxide to the façade of the nearest receptors ...... 86 Table F.1 Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 113

List of Figures

Figure A.1 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 68 Figure A.2 Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 68 Figure A.3 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Kingswood Section of Kingswood - Warmley AQMA ...... 69 Figure A.4 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Warmley Section of Kingswood - Warmley AQMA ...... 70 Figure A.5 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Staple Hill AQMA ...... 71 Figure C.1 2015 Precision and Accuracy spreadsheet for Yate Co-location Study ... 83 Figure D.1 Aerial view of Bridge Construction over M32 ...... 91 Figure D.2 Construction of Stoke Gifford Transport Link ...... 93 Figure D.3 Individual Solid Fuel Installations and PM10 Emissions per 500m Grid Square (Biomass as fuel) ...... 98 Figure E.1 Cribbs Causeway AQMA (Declared 2010) ...... 100 Figure E.2 Staple Hill AQMA (Amended 2012) ...... 101 Figure E.3 Kingswood – Warmley AQMA (Amended 2015) ...... 102 Figure E.4 Automatic Monitoring Site in South Gloucestershire – Yate ...... 103 Figure E.5 Automatic Monitoring Site Yate - Station Road ...... 103 Figure E.6 All Diffusion Tube Sites showing locations of following Figures ...... 104 Figure E.7 Diffusion Tube Sites in Bristol North (Box 1 Figure E.6) ...... 105 Figure E.8 Diffusion Tube Sites in Cribbs Causeway (Box A Figure E.7) ...... 106 Figure E.9 Diffusion Tube Sites in Bristol East (Box 2 Figure E.6) ...... 107 Figure E.10 Diffusion Tube Sites in Staple Hill (Box B Figure E.9) ...... 108

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 viii South Gloucestershire Council

Figure E.11 Diffusion Tube Sites in Kingswood (Box C Figure E.9) ...... 108 Figure E.12 Diffusion Tube Sites in Warmley (Box D Figure E.9) ...... 109 Figure E.13 Diffusion Tube Sites in Kingswood & Warmley (Box E Figure E.9) ...... 110 Figure E.14 Diffusion Tube Sites in Yate and Chipping Sodbury (Box 3 Figure E.6)111 Figure E.15 Diffusion Tube Sites in Winterbourne & Coalpit Heath (Box 4 Figure E.6)111 Figure E.16 Diffusion Tube Site in Thornbury (Box 5 Figure E.6) ...... 112 Figure E.17 Diffusion Tube Sites in Severn Beach and Pilning (Box 6 Figure E.6) . 112

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 ix South Gloucestershire Council

1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in South Gloucestershire during 2015. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by South Gloucestershire Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table F.1 in Appendix F.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 1 South Gloucestershire Council

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

In 2010, three AQMAs were declared in the centres of both Kingswood and Staple Hill and at Cribbs Causeway adjacent to the M5 Junction 17 roundabout. The Kingswood and Staple Hill AQMAs were extended in 2012 following further assessment and the Council produced an Action Plan in 2012, focusing mainly on transport measures.

In 2014, a detailed assessment of air quality in Warmley along the A420 corridor identified new locations where the nitrogen dioxide annual mean objective was being exceeded. An extension of the Kingswood AQMA along the A420 to Warmley was proposed and the Kingswood - Warmley AQMA was subsequently declared in December 2015. The Air Quality Action Plan will be reviewed and updated and appropriate actions will be identified to cover the new extent of the AQMA.

Since the declaration of the Cribbs Causeway AQMA, the monitoring results have shown the nitrogen dioxide levels are below the annual mean objective. However, the AQMA has been retained as a pre-cautionary measure in light of the major development planned for the Cribbs Causeway/Patchway area, as this could impact on the AQMA. Further information relating to this AQMA, including discussion of monitoring results can be found in Chapter 3.

A summary of current AQMAs declared by South Gloucestershire Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online on the Council website at www.southglos.gov.uk/airquality and on the Defra website at https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=238

Maps of the current AQMAs are also available in Figure E.1 to Figure E.3 in Appendix E.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 2 South Gloucestershire Council

Table 2.1 Declared Air Quality Management Areas Pollutants AQMA and Air City / One Line Description Action Plan Name Quality Town Objectives The area incorporates a single property; Hollywood AQMA 1 Bristol No Action Plan NO2 annual Cottage, Blackhorse Hill, Cribbs (North as currently mean which is adjacent to the M5 Causeway fringe) under objective Junction 17 Roundabout.

The area incorporates the A420 from South Gloucestershire /Bristol City Council boundary to the east Air Quality along Two Mile Hill Road, Action Plan for Regent Street, High Street Kingswood and (Kingswood), Hill Street, Staple Hill AQMA 2 Bristol Deanery Road, High Street NO2 annual (The AQAP is Kingswood - (East (Warmley) and London Road mean being revised to Warmley fringe) to junction of Goldney include the Avenue; to the south along AQMA extension Hanham Road (up to and to Warmley in including The Folly); and to Dec 2015). the south-east along Tower Road North to the junction of Crown Gardens.

The area incorporates the Broad Street (A4175), High Street (B4465), Victoria Street and Soundwell Road (A4017) crossroads; along Broad Street to the junction Air Quality Bristol AQMA 3 NO2 annual with York Road; High Street Action Plan for (East Staple Hill mean (up to and including No’s 40 Kingswood and fringe) and 49); Soundwell Road (up Staple Hill to and including no’s 16a and 47); and along Victoria Street to the junction of Clarence Road.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 3 South Gloucestershire Council

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in South Gloucestershire

The Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) for Kingswood and Staple Hill12 was produced in 2012. The Strategic Transport and Environmental Policy Team has lead responsibility for the Action Plan.

South Gloucestershire Council has taken forward a number of measures during the current reporting year of 2015 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out for the Kingswood AQMA in Table 2.2 and for the Staple Hill AQMA, in Table 2.3. More detail on these measures can be found in the Air Quality Action Plan itself and also in related plans and strategies, such as the West of England Joint Local Transport Plan 3 (JLTP3) 2011 – 202613, which is supported by various strategies on key issues such as public transport, smarter travel choices, cycling and walking.

The following is a brief summary of progress to date:

In the Kingswood Action Plan, there are:

 Eight short term actions (commencing in 2012-13); of which five have been completed (KS1, KS2, KS3, KS7 and KS8) and three are ongoing actions (KS4, KS5 and KS6). Further works have been programmed for KS2 (Parking Review) relating to the AQMA extension to Warmley.

 Five medium term actions; one of which is partly completed (KM3) and four are on-going (KM1, KM2, KM4 and KM5).

 Eight long term actions (originally programmed for 2016 onwards); two actions being implemented with completion planned during 2016/17 (KL3 and KL5), three actions are ongoing (KL1, KL2 and KL4), the remaining three have not yet started.

In the Staple Hill Action Plan, there are:

 Six short term actions (commencing in 2012-13); of which three have been completed (SS1, SS5 and SS6), one is part completed (SS4) and two are on- going actions (SS3 and SS2).

12 http://www.southglos.gov.uk/documents/cos120094.pdf 13 https://travelwest.info/projects/joint-local-transport-plan

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 4 South Gloucestershire Council

 Six medium term actions (for progression by 2016); of which two have been completed as planned (SM1 and SM4), one has been reviewed and closed out (SM3), and the other three are being progressed (SM2, SM5 and SM6).

 Seven long term actions (originally programmed for 2016 onwards); of which two are completed (SL3 and SL4), two actions are on-going (SL1 and SL2). The remaining three are not yet started (SL5, SL6 and SL7).

Key progress to date includes:

 Lighting along the Bristol/Bath railway cycle path from the Bristol City Council boundary to Mangotsfield station was installed during 2014/15 using funding from the LSTF programme and the SGC local transport capital programme. Phase 2 lighting phase has been completed during 2015/16 between Mangotsfield and A4174 ring road. These works will significantly improve conditions for cyclists along this major cycling corridor which also serves the Staple Hill AQMA.

 A major maintenance scheme to replace Teewell Hill Bridge adjacent to the cycle path has also been completed, introducing a new shared use cycle facility which supports cycling in Staple Hill.

 The Local Transport Capital Programme has delivered a specific scheme which contributes to the action plan measures for Kingswood with improvements to pedestrian facilities at the A420 High Street/Alma Road junction by promoting walking. This work was completed in 2015 and the scheme was assessed for suitability using the Local Transport Capital Programme prioritisation matrix, where decisions consider air quality issues, as required by AQAP measure KS3.

 A package of safer routes to school measures has been introduced in 2015 at the Tynings School near to the Staple Hill AQMA.

 Implementation of the John Cabot School 20 mph scheme was completed in 2015.

 Funding was awarded under the Clean Bus Technology Fund (CBTF) in December 2015, following a joint bid by Bristol, South Gloucestershire and Bath and North East Somerset Councils in October 2015. The funding will be

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 5 South Gloucestershire Council

used to upgrade 35 of the most polluting Euro II and III local buses by fitting Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology (SCRT), thereby reducing tailpipe NOx emissions on those services, all of which operate in the Bristol, Bath and South Gloucestershire AQMAs.

 Local Pinch Point Funding was secured in autumn 2013 to make improvements to the M5 motorway junctions 16 and 17, in order to manage the impact of the additional traffic generated by the Cribbs Patchway New Neighbourhood (CPNN) and reduce congestion. These programmed works were completed during 2015/16. While not directly relevant to the Kingswood and Staple Hill AQAP, the improvements, particularly at junction 17, should be of benefit to the Cribbs Causeway AQMA and will help to maintain the nitrogen dioxide concentrations below the air quality objective. The pinch point funding at junctions 16 and 17 of the M5 comes as part of a wider package of transport measures associated with CPNN. This includes Metrobus Extension, MetroWest Phase 2 (new railway station at Henbury), walking and cycling improvements, funding for Travel Plan measures and corridor studies on both the A4018 and A38.

In addition from a public health perspective, key measures have been taken over the past year to more closely align the air quality agenda with public health outcomes. These include:

 A refresh of the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment14 completed in 2016 now includes a chapter entitled ‘The Environment, Transport and Built Environment’15. This recognises and emphasises the close links between spatial planning, transport and air quality.  The Annual Director of Public Health Report 201616, published in September

2016, contains air quality data, modelled by ward for PM10, PM2.5 and NO2, thus raising the profile of the links between air quality and public health.  The appointment of a specific officer within the Public Health team, with responsibility for built environment work, recognises the importance of aligning

14 https://edocs.southglos.gov.uk/completejsna/ 15 https://edocs.southglos.gov.uk/completejsna/pages/wider-determinants/environment-transport-and-built-environment/ 16 http://edocs.southglos.gov.uk/publichealthannualreport16/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 6 South Gloucestershire Council

spatial planning and transport work with its associated impacts on air quality and hence, public health.  A strategic group of the Heads of Planning and Transport plus the Director of Public Health meets monthly to consider strategic planning issues and public health. This group is linked to a wider West of England group to ensure that public health issues, including air quality are considered within in the Joint Spatial Plan and Joint Transport Study process.

There are further specific public health led examples with regard to:

 Car & lift sharing schemes – Transport provision to health care facilities is often not co-ordinated or integrated, resulting in duplication of routes and services. The Total Transport project aims to integrate transport services, which are commissioned and provided by a range of different organisations, to improve coordination and efficiency.

 Policy Guidance and Development Control – The Policies, Sites and Places Development Plan Document (PSP DPD)17 (to be submitted for examination to the Secretary of State late 2016) contains a suite of policies to complete the South Gloucestershire Local Plan. The following policies have potential impact on air quality.

. PSP 9 Health Impact Assessment (for very major development)

. PSP 10 Active Travel Routes

. PSP 11 Transport Impact management

. PSP15 Park and Ride / Share

. PSP 21 Environmental Pollution and Impacts (including air quality)

 Public Information – The possibility of text alert system for poor air quality is being considered. This is currently at an early stage with evidence being gathered as to the effectiveness and benefits of such a scheme.

South Gloucestershire Council recognises that air pollution has an impact on public health and measures to reduce exposure of the population to this impact are a key

17 http://www.southglos.gov.uk/environment-and-planning/planning/planning-local-plans/policies-sites-places-dpd/policies-sites-and-places-dpd/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 7 South Gloucestershire Council public health initiative. The West of England Devolution Bid18 recognises the importance of strategic transport and includes air quality as a balancing metric with the proposal to implement clean air zones in the combined authority area to help achieve air quality objectives.

South Gloucestershire Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year:

 A microsimulation model was commissioned in 2015 for the Kingswood – Warmley AQMA. A key output of the model will be to provide a better understanding of the impact of network management decisions arising out of the local transport programme on local air quality. This will help to inform implementation of remaining actions in the current Action Plan, including restrictions on traffic turning movements onto the A420 (KL3), and the identification of new actions for the AQMA extension to Warmley. The microsimulation work will be completed during 2016/17.

 KL5 A signing review of delivery bays was undertaken during 2015. Implementation of remedial measure will be completed during 2016 which will improve local enforcement.

 The local transport capital programme 2016/17 has already approved a wider parking management review of the extended Kingswood - Warmley AQMA. This will include addressing parking issues along the A420 Hill Street/Deanery Road and Warmley. This builds on the delivery of measure KS2 already delivered in the former Kingswood AQMA.

 SM6 The second phase of essential maintenance to Staple Hill Bristol to Bath Railway path tunnel is planned to be completed as part of ongoing phased maintenance to ensure the continued safe use of the path for cycling and walking, supporting sustainable travel in Staple Hill.

Following the extension of the Kingswood AQMA to Warmley in December 2015, the Council’s priorities for the coming year are to undertake a complete review of the Air Quality Action Plan for Kingswood and Staple Hill and to identify additional actions for the Kingswood AQMA extension to Warmley, as appropriate. The new action plan

18https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/508112/160315_West_of_England_Devolution_Agreement_Draft_ -_FINAL.pdf

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 8 South Gloucestershire Council will build on the successes and experience gained from the implementation of the Action Plan since 2012 and will be developed following Defra LAQM Technical Guidance (TG16).

Work is at an early stage with planned completion anticipated during 2017. A steering group from across relevant council teams, including public health, and other partners will be set up to review and update the Action Plan. In the meantime, progress on the implementation of the currently adopted Action Plan will continue to be provided and will be next reported in the 2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report.

It is difficult to precisely identify a direct link between any of the individual action plan measures to an improvement in local air quality, as other factors, in particular the variation in meteorological conditions, also affect air quality. The trends in annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the Kingswood – Warmley and Staple Hill AQMAs are discussed in Chapter 3 and graphs showing the trends in concentrations are provided in Appendix A.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 9 South Gloucestershire Council

Table 2.2 Kingswood Action Plan - Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA KS1 Measure: Promoting Travel PP • Reduction in solo Modal shift from South Gloucestershire Council (SGC) has a Travel Action Travel Plan for Alternatives 2011/12 occupancy vehicles car and private Plan in place covering all offices including Kingswood, completed Kingswood Civic • Increased cycling vehicle use to and SGC staff based at the Civic Centre are covered Ongoing Centre (Workplace Travel IP levels public transport, by the following corporately promoted travel planning monitoring Planning) 2012 onwards • Increased walking and more measures: Focus: levels sustainable Put in place a Lead Authority modes such as • Car share scheme travel plan which SGC These indicators are cycling and • Pool cars (including electric vehicles) will encourage measured annually in walking will • Cycle Parking facilities sustainable travel the Council’s travel contribute • Bike purchase scheme and reduce car to work survey. The towards • Public Transport Information provision usage at the 2013 survey for the improved air • Telephone and Video conferencing facilities Kingswood Civic first time recorded quality within the • Staff parking restricted by permit. Centre. mode share by SGC AQMA. Similarly, visitors to the Civic Centre are given office. information on how to access the site by public transport, and visitor parking is limited at the offices. During 2014/15, two electric vehicles have been added to the SGC fleet, including a pool car. KS2 Measure: Traffic PP • Road safety Impact of action Investigation and formal consultation on parking Action Parking review Management 2012-14 benefits considered too schemes across the Kingswood area completed complete • Reduced small to be between 2012 and 2014. Focus: (Workplace IP congestion measurable, Formal advertisement of proposals completed 2015. Further Review of Parking Levy, 2014 - 2018 although The implementation of the parking measures across actions parking issues Parking positive impact the Kingswood area completed in 2015/16. These programmed within the AQMA. Enforcement on Lead Authority may be seen measures covered the AQMA and adjacent areas. to cover highway) SGC over time. The 2016/17 Local Transport capital programme has AQMA introduced an additional scheme for addressing extension. parking issues. This includes considering air quality implications for A420 corridor to Warmley in the extended AQMA. KS3 Measure: Transport PP Number of actions No specific The prioritisation framework used to assess transport Action Ensure air quality Planning and 2013/14 taken forward within target emissions schemes for inclusion within the Council's Local completed is a priority in Infrastructure Capital Programme reduction. Transport Capital Programme (LTCP) was reviewed and closed development of IP in 2013. A new assessment framework was transport (Other) 2013/14 introduced ensuring air quality issues are better schemes. understood ensuring future measures are compliant Lead Authority with LTP carbon emissions/air quality goals. The Focus: SGC adopted prioritisation framework is applied to all new Introducing air transport schemes being included within the Council's

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 10 South Gloucestershire Council

Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA quality LTCP. considerations The transport scheme prioritisation framework is in into capital place and is used to assess all LTCP measures programme across the AQMA. development KS4 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Number of buses No specific As part of the Better Bus Area fund, the eastbound Action on- Bus partnership Efficiency 2012/13 replaced for lower target emissions bus lay-by outside the Kings Chase Shopping Centre going emission vehicles reduction. in Regent Street was extended in 2013. This was Focus: (Promoting Low IP Conversion of carried out in order to allow two buses to pull off the Work with Emission Public 2013 onwards buses to higher running carriageway at any one time. Previously this operators to Transport) Euro standard was not possible and with the frequency of bus address air Lead Authority should reduce services along this route there were regular hold ups quality issues SGC in NOx emissions. to traffic due to buses blocking the carriageway while through partnership with passengers got on and off. These hold ups also had a partnership bus operators Improved traffic knock on effect to traffic on the roads immediately working. and flows resulting adjacent to the bus stop through the queuing traffic neighbouring from the blocking nearby junctions. Local Authorities extension of the eastbound bus The Council continues to work with local bus lay-by, while too operators to encourage them to transition their fleet to small to low emission vehicles, and to ensure that appropriate specifically driver training takes place that encourages driving quantify, will styles to be as efficient as possible. contribute towards A Low Emission Bus Scheme Bid was submitted improved air jointly by the West of England authorities and First quality. bus to the Office for Low Emission Vehicles in October 2015 but this was unfortunately unsuccessful.

Funding was however awarded under the Clean Bus Technology Fund (CBTF) in December 2015 following a joint bid by the WoE authorities in October 2015. This will be used to upgrade 35 Euro II and III buses by fitting with Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology (SCRT) reducing NOx emissions. KS5 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Reduction in vehicle No specific The Council continues to constantly re-assess its in- Action on- Review of Efficiency 2012/13 emissions target emissions house vehicle fleet requirements, with the majority of going Council Fleet to reduction. vehicles covered by the European Directive (on ensure lowest (Other) IP Conversion to ambient air quality and cleaner air) and the emission vehicles 2013 onwards higher Euro introduction of Euro 6 engines. standard The Council has added two electric vehicles to its

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Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA Focus: Lead Authority vehicles should pool car fleet. Set an example SGC reduce NOx as the local emissions. South Gloucestershire Council in partnership with transport West of England authorities submitted a Go Ultra Low authority to City bid to OLEV in February 2015 for the Greater ensure that own Bristol area. The successful bid was announced in fleet uses low January 2016. This will ensure 20% of Council fleet emission vehicles will become Low Emission vehicles by 2021. Project as far as possible initiation started in Q1 and Q2 of 2016, as such progress will be reported in the 2017 ASR. KS6 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Number of bus/taxi No specific As part of the Better by Bus fund, the bus lay-by in Action on- Promotion of Efficiency 2012/13 operators signed up target emissions Regent Street was extended in 2013 and the depth of going more efficient use to programme reduction. the taxi bay has been increased. These of taxi ranks and (Driver training IP Improved traffic improvements assist traffic flow which contribute to bus stops and ECO driving 2013 onwards flows resulting improving air quality. First are seeking to re-distribute aids) from the the vehicle timing point to reduce idling times. Focus: Lead Authority extension of the Programme to SGC in liaison eastbound bus The Council continues to work with local bus and taxi encourage with taxi lay-by, while too operators to encourage the transition of fleets to low drivers to switch operators and small to emission vehicles. Consideration will be given to off engines when bus operators specifically supporting and submitting bids to OLEV for funding stationary within and quantify, will support for such programmes. AQMA. neighbouring contribute Authorities towards improved air quality. KS7 Measure: Policy Guidance PP Number of new trees No specific The Council successfully adopted the Core Strategy Action Ensure adequate and Development 2012/13 planted. target emissions in December 2013. Policy CS2 seeks to ensure that completed landscaping is Control reduction. Green Infrastructure is planned, delivered and and closed considered within IP NB: Data relating to managed as an integral part of creating sustainable new planning (Other Policy) 2013 onwards the indicator for this communities. Policy CS9 sets out the Council’s applications and measure is not planning policy for management of the natural urban designs. Lead Authority currently available. environment. When assessing planning applications SGC the Council will use relevant policies, including the Focus: National Planning Policy Framework, to ensure that Encourage the landscaping and planting is appropriate for the planting of trees development proposed. and plants Planting schemes using Council own funds have been through the completed. planning process. The policies contained in the Core Strategy for new development proposals in and around the AQMA are being followed

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 12 South Gloucestershire Council

Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA KS8 Measure: Public Information PP Number of vehicles No specific Information added to the Council’s website on the Action Promotion of 2012/13 reported to VOSA (if target emissions Exhaust emissions testing and Improving air quality completed VOSA Smoky (via the Internet) data available). reduction. webpages. and closed Vehicle Hotline. IP N.B. VOSA has 2012/13 informed the Council No further action by South Gloucestershire Council is Focus: that it does not anticipated Promote the Lead Authority monitor data relating VOSA Smoky SGC to numbers of Vehicle Hotline to vehicles reported or encourage their locations. vehicles to be Therefore the reported. indicator for this action is no longer appropriate.

New Indicator: number of hits on the Council’s Website. KM1 Measure: Promoting Travel PP The council No specific The LSTF WEST programme included a series of Action School travel Alternatives 2012/13 undertakes ‘hands target emissions initiatives to work with local schools within South ongoing planning up’ surveys with reduction. Gloucestershire including the John Cabot School in (School Travel IP pupils in schools that Kingswood to promote sustainable travel to school Focus: Plans) 2013 onwards are engaged in the Effect on air and college. Ensure all Local Sustainable quality Under the LSTF project in 2013/14 SGC worked with schools local to Lead Authority Transport Fund considered to be 5 primary schools in the Kingswood and Staple Hill the AQMA have SGC in Project. The results too small to be area, to deliver skills training for young people to travel plans in conjunction with of these surveys measurable, travel sustainably and independently. This place to reduce local schools shows mode share although programme has involved 508 students undertaking car dependency for pupils arriving at positive impact activities including: at each site. school. may be seen over time • Safer, Fitter, Greener Year 4 pupils - the benefits of associated with sustainable travel modal shift to • Route planning. more • Scooter training. sustainable • Pedestrian training. forms of transport. The Road Safety team also deliver road safety education presentations to year 3 and year 6 students talking about cycle safety, in-car safety and pedestrian safety. In the Kingswood area 510 students had input during 2013/14

The Council has also subscribed to the School Travel

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Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA Facts service that provides information on sustainable travel to participating schools to assist them in implementing Travel Plans.

LSTF programme closed March 2016. Bid prepared for further funding through Sustainable Travel Transition Year (STTY). KM2 Measure: Promoting Travel PP Measured by No specific SGC used developer and LSTF funding to Action on- Travel planning Alternatives 2013/14 increased: target emissions commission a new X18 express bus service linking going for Kingswood • Cycling levels reduction. Kingswood to employment areas in the North Fringe. Town Centre (Intensive active IP • Bus patronage Modal shift from This service was launched in 2013 and improves travel campaign & 2014 onwards • Walking levels car and private accessibility from Kingswood to the major Focus: infrastructure) vehicle use to employment sites around the Emersons Green and Plan to Lead Authority See KM5 for cycling public transport, Filton area. The service is delivered by First, working encourage more SGC in data. and more in partnership with the Council and offers a bus travel sustainable travel conjunction with sustainable experience designed to encourage commuters to to Kingswood Kingswood Global bus modes such as leave their cars at home and travel to and from work Town Centre Business patronage is cycling and on the bus. both for residents Association measured across the walking will and workers. West of England as contribute LSTF WEST actions in 2013/14 included: part of the Joint towards • Sustainable travel roadshow held on 10/08/13 in the Local Transport Plan improved air High Street which engaged nearly 40 people. (JLTP3) Annual quality within the Kingswood community bike day with “smoothie” bike Progress Reports. AQMA. held on 29/05/13 which engaged nearly 40 people. The JLTP3 contains Smoothie bikes help to raise awareness about a target to increase exercise and nutrition. patronage across the West of England by LSTF WEST funding ended in March 2016. approximately 11% by 2015/16 from a X18 bus service enhanced to run more frequently 2008/09 baseline. (starting August 2015) and to serve Southmead Hospital in North Bristol. JLTP3 Annual Progress Report 6% increase in patronage during 2015/16.

Also see events under KM4. KM3 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Reduction in number No specific 1) The two main operators, First and Wessex deploy 2014/15 and Review bus Efficiency 2012/13 of buses idling at bus target emissions eco-driving technology that reduces engine idling. on-going terminals and stops reduction. 2) Recent changes to the bus network have reduced timing points (Promoting Low IP the volume of services terminating in Cecil Road, Emission Public 2013/14 Kingswood. Focus: Transport) 3) Better Bus Area funding of £170,000 for bus stop Undertake a Lead Authority infrastructure improvement provisionally allocated in

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Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA review of the bus SGC in 2013/14 for the A420. stops within the conjunction with AQMA to reduce bus operators Better Bus Area bus stop improvement completed in number of buses 2013. (See KS4). Better Bus Area scheme completed idling at them. in 2014/15 Parking review measures completed in 2015/16 (see KS2).

See KS6 regarding reductions in bus dwell times. KM4 Measure: Promoting Travel PP Measured by No specific The LSTF WEST programme has included a series of Action Smarter Choices Alternatives 2013/14 increased: target emissions initiatives aimed at encouraging travel behaviour ongoing promotions/ IP • Cycling levels reduction. change and reducing the number of single occupancy roadshows (Intensive active 2014 – 2016 • Bus patronage Modal shift from car use journeys. This includes working with priority travel campaign & • Walking levels car and private neighbourhoods, employers and schools / colleges. Focus: infrastructure) Lead Authority Also measure by vehicle use to Undertake SGC number of proactive public transport, The main recent focus in Kingswood has been on promotion of events and more working with students at schools within the John sustainable travel sustainable Cabot School catchment area. in particular See KM5 for cycling modes such as LSTF WEST funding ended in March 2016. around the data and KM2 for cycling and shopping area by bus patronage data. walking will X18 bus service enhanced to run more frequently holding contribute (starting August 2015) and to serve Southmead roadshows and towards Hospital. Also see events under KM2. events where improved air residents and quality within the Aug 2015: Out and about walks booklet & online workers can talk AQMA. resource produced and promoted through events and to online in priority neighbourhoods; including representatives Kingswood. Aug to Sept 2015: Bus direct mail campaign Hanham, Cadbury Heath, Oldland Common network (What’s your number). This targeted some Kingswood bus passengers. Sept to Oct 2015: Bus roadshows and distribution of South Gloucestershire bus network map. Bus roadshows including Kingswood. Network map advertised in South Gloucestershire News and distributed to council outlets. KM5 Measure: Transport PP Increases in No specific As part of the LSTF Move to Secondary school Action on- Cycling Planning and 2012/13 numbers of cyclists. target emissions project, the Council installed additional cycle parking going infrastructure Infrastructure This is measured reduction. at John Cabot School. IP across the West of

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Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA Focus: (Cycle network) 2014 onwards England as part of Modal shift from The Council applied for DEFRA AQ grant funding to Review the the Joint Local car and private improve cycling infrastructure in June 2012 and 2013, current cycling Lead Authority Transport Plan vehicle use to however the bids were unsuccessful. provision and SGC (JLTP3) Annual more seek to improve Progress Reports. sustainable There have been no cycle infrastructure schemes access by bicycle The JLTP3 contains modes such as within the AQMA or surrounding area in 2015/16. by introducing a target to increase cycling will JLTP3 Annual Progress Report 11% increase in more traffic free cycling by 46% by contribute cycling in 2014/15. cycle lanes, 2019/20 (new towards improved on baseline established improved air Cycle infrastructure is constantly under review as carriageway for 2015/16, first quality within the issues and possible measures are identified by cycle provision, reporting 2016/17). AQMA. Officers, Members and the public. cycle parking and facilities where The JLTP3 appropriate. monitoring is collated from a network of automatic cycle counters. The nearest relevant counters to South Gloucestershire’s AQMAs are located on the Bristol/Bath cycle path at Mangotsfield. KL1 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Membership No specific Initial contact made in 2012 with the Scheme This action ECO Stars Fleet Efficiency 2012/13 numbers. target emissions providers to assess the most practical way to take this will be Recognition reduction. initiative forward. reviewed as Scheme (Fleet efficiency IP part of the and recognition 2013/14 Cleaner fleet Following assessment by Council officers there is AQAP review Focus: schemes) vehicles should currently not the required administrative resource required for Introduce award Lead Authority reduce NOx available to implement and run such a scheme. the AQMA scheme for SGC emissions. Therefore progression of this action is unlikely for the extension. efficient and foreseeable future. cleaner fleet vehicles both in house and promote to businesses within South Gloucestershire

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Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA KL2 Measure: Alternatives to PP Car club membership No specific Long term action – preparatory work has commenced Action on- Car club private vehicle use 2012/13 target emissions The Council is working with Car Club operators to going reduction introduce Car Clubs at two locations within South Focus: (Car Clubs) IP Gloucestershire, although neither is in Kingswood. Establish a car 2014/15 and Car clubs will be reviewed using monitoring data from club with the onwards the Car Clubs being established elsewhere in the objective to Council area. reduce car Lead Authority ownership levels SGC KL3 Measure: Traffic PP Reduction in volume No specific Micro-simulation model to test options commissioned 2016/2017 Restrict traffic Management 2012/13 of traffic travelling target emissions 2015/16 to assess impact of LTCP and developer (micro- turning towards and along reduction proposals upon air quality. Base model completed. simulation movements onto (UTC, Congestion IP A420 Continuing work to prepare Do Nothing model and model) and A420 management, 2016/17 further scenario testing planned for 2016/17 ongoing. traffic reduction) Focus; Lead Authority Microsimulation model will be completed in 2016/17 By restricting SGC traffic turning onto A420 the free flow of traffic is maintained and therefore not idling which improves emissions KL4 Measure: Review Traffic PP Improved traffic No specific MOVA signalling system has been installed as part of Action traffic signal Management 2012-14 speeds and reduced target emissions the Better Bus Fund at Hanham Road/High Street. ongoing numbers and congestion reduction. Traffic signal upgrades have also been made at the operations (UTC, Congestion IP Regent Street/Downend Road and Two Mile management, 2014/15 If the outcome Hill/Blackhorse Road junctions. These improvements Focus: traffic reduction) of the review is will assist traffic flow which will contribute to improving Review Lead Authority implemented, air quality. A review of mid-block pedestrian signals implications of SGC traffic, within the AQMA was undertaken using 2012 Defra traffic signals and pedestrian and AQ grant funding and LTCP funding and this study signal timings to air quality was completed in 2014. improve traffic monitoring data flows on the will be collected A Consultant’s report was finalised in November 2013 A420 and reviewed. on the options for improving traffic signal and controlled crossing provision within the AQMA. The proposals arising from the review were to potentially remove two mid-block pedestrian crossings from Kingswood High Street which are currently not well

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Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA used by pedestrians. Officers have engaged with local ward members and gained support for the removal of one crossing. A Defra Air Quality grant 2014 was unsuccessful in attract funding to implement this scheme.

This scheme is subject to future funding bids. KL5 Measure: Freight and PP • Number of reported No specific Entry and exit kerbing into delivery bays on the High 2016/17 Review of Delivery 2012/13 issues with delivery target emissions Street have been adjusted to allow easier access by delivery bays Management bays reduction delivery vehicles and reduce delays and traffic IP • Reduced queues. Focus: (Delivery and 2016/17 congestion Review the Service plans) A signing review of delivery bays was undertaken in designated Lead Authority 2015/16 and will be completed in 2016/17 delivery bays to SGC reduce congestion where possible. KL6 Measure: Freight and PP Number of delivery & No specific Long term action - no progress yet. 2019/20 Controlled Delivery 2016/17 collection target emissions deliveries/ Management agreements made reduction collections IP with businesses (Freight 2019/20 Focus: Consolidation Restrict Centre) Lead Authority deliveries/ SGC collections (e.g. waste collections) to off peak hours and explore use of freight consolidation centre with electric vehicles for delivery. KL7 Measure: Traffic PP Reduction in traffic No specific Long term action - no progress yet. 2019/20 Reclassify Management 2016/17 volumes on and target emissions strategic routes travelling towards reduction and signing (Other) IP A420 strategy 2019/20

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Planning/ Target Estimated Measure EU Category (EU Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. Classification) Phase & Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA Focus: Lead Authority The main route SGC through Kingswood AQMA is an "A" Class road. By re-classifying this to a lower road category, strategic traffic may be encouraged to use alternative routes, thereby reducing traffic volumes within the AQMA. KL8 Measure: Promoting Low PP Production of review No specific Long term action - no progress yet. 2019/20 Taxi ranks Emission 2015/16 report target emissions Transport reduction Focus: IP Undertake review (Taxi emission 2019/20 of operations by incentives) Lead Authority taxis within the SGC in AQMA conjunction with taxi operators CR39/ Local Transport Promoting Travel PP Implement No specific Scheme added to the Council's Local Transport Action 2013 Capital Alternatives 2014/15 infrastructure target emissions Capital Programme using the scheme prioritisation completed Programme improvements to reduction framework (see KS3). and closed (Promotion of IP promote walking Scheme design and public consultation completed. Focus: walking) 2015/16 Improved Scheme implementation completed 2015/16 pedestrian Lead Authority crossing facilities SGC at the High Street/ Alma Road junction within the Kingswood – Warmley AQMA.

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Table 2.3 Staple Hill Action Plan – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA SS1 Measure: Transport Planning PP Number of actions No specific The prioritisation framework used to assess transport Action Ensure air quality and Infrastructure 2012/13 taken forward within target emissions schemes for inclusion within the Council's Local completed is a priority in Capital Programme reduction Transport Capital Programme (LTCP) was reviewed in and closed development of (Other) IP 2013. A new assessment framework was introduced transport schemes 2013/14 ensuring air quality issues are better understood ensuring future measures are compliant with LTP Focus: Lead Authority carbon emissions/air quality goals. Introducing air SGC quality The adopted prioritisation framework is applied to all considerations into new transport schemes being included within the capital programme Council's LTCP. development The transport scheme prioritisation framework is in place and is used to assess all LTCP measures across the AQMA. SS2 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Number of buses No specific The Council continues to work with local bus operators Action on- Bus partnership Efficiency 2012/13 replaced for lower target emissions to encourage them to transition their fleet to low going emission vehicles reduction. emission vehicles, and to ensure that appropriate Focus: (Promoting Low IP driver training takes place that encourages driving Work with Emission Public 2013 onwards Conversion of styles to be as efficient as possible. operators to Transport) buses to higher address air quality Lead Authority Euro standard A Low Emission Bus Scheme Bid was submitted issues through SGC should reduce jointly by the West of England authorities and First bus partnership NOx emissions. to the Office for Low Emission Vehicles in October working. 2015 but this was unfortunately unsuccessful.

Funding was however awarded under the Clean Bus Technology Fund (CBTF) in December 2015 following a joint bid by the WoE authorities in October 2015. This will be used to upgrade 35 Euro II and III buses by fitting with Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology (SCRT) reducing NOx emissions. SS3 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Reduction in vehicle No specific The Council continues to constantly re-assess its in- Action on- Review of Council Efficiency 2012/13 emissions target emissions house vehicle fleet requirements, with the majority of going Fleet to ensure reduction. vehicles covered by the European Directive (on lowest emission (Other) IP ambient air quality and cleaner air) and the vehicles 2013 onwards Conversion to introduction of Euro 6 engines. higher Euro The Council has added two electric vehicles to its pool Focus: Lead Authority standard car fleet. Set an example as SGC vehicles should

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Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA the authority lead reduce NOx South Gloucestershire Council in partnership with to ensure that emissions. West of England authorities submitted a Go Ultra Low vehicles/ City bid to OLEV in February 2015 for the Greater community Bristol area. The successful bid was announced in transport are January 2016. This will ensure 20% of Council fleet efficient vehicles will become Low Emission vehicles by 2021. Project with low initiation started in Q1 and Q2 of 2016, as such emissions. progress will be reported in the 2017 Annual Status Report. SS4 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Number of bus/taxi No specific The Parking Review undertaken under SM4 Action on- Promotion of more Efficiency 2012/13 operators signed up target emissions investigated whether any current parking going efficient use of taxi to programme reduction. arrangements negatively impacted on the operation of ranks and bus (Driver training IP bus stops and taxi ranks. The parking review is stops and ECO driving 2017/18 complete and any subsequent issues have been aids) addressed in a further review, which is also now Focus: Lead Authority complete Education of SGC in liaison drivers to switch with taxi The Council continues to work with local bus and taxi off engines. operators and operators to encourage the transition of fleets to low bus operators emission vehicles. Consideration will be given to supporting and submitting bids to OLEV for funding support for such programmes during 2015/16. SS5 Measure: Policy Guidance PP Number of new No specific The Council successfully adopted the Core Strategy in Action Ensure adequate and Development 2012/13 trees planted. target emissions December 2013. Policy CS2 seeks to ensure that completed landscaping is Control reduction. Green Infrastructure is planned, delivered and and closed considered within IP NB: Data relating to managed as an integral part of creating sustainable new planning (Other policy) 2014 onwards the indicator for this communities. Policy CS9 sets out the Council’s applications and measure is not planning policy for management of the natural urban designs Lead Authority currently available. environment. When assessing planning applications SGC the Council will use relevant policies, including the Focus: National Planning Policy Framework, to ensure that Encourage the landscaping and planting is appropriate for the planting of trees development proposed. and plants through the planning Planting schemes using Council own funds have been process. completed. The policies contained in the Core Strategy for new development proposals in and around the AQMA are being followed.

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Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA SS6 Measure: Public Information PP Number of vehicles No specific Information added to the Council’s website on the Action Promotion of 2012/13 reported to VOSA (if target emissions Exhaust emissions testing and Improving air quality completed VOSA Smoky (via the Internet) data available). reduction. webpages. and closed. Vehicle Hotline IP 2012/13 N.B. VOSA has No further action by South Gloucestershire Council is Focus: informed the anticipated Promote the Lead Authority Council that it does VOSA Smoky SGC not monitor data Vehicle Hotline to relating to numbers encourage older of vehicles reported vehicles to be or their locations. reported. Therefore the indicator for this action is no longer appropriate.

New Indicator: number of hits on the Council’s Website. SM1 Measure: Promoting Travel PP The council No specific The LSTF WEST programme has included a series of Action School travel Alternatives 2012/13 undertakes ‘hands target emissions initiatives to work with local schools within South completed planning up’ surveys with reduction. Gloucestershire to promote sustainable travel to and closed. (School Travel IP pupils in schools school and college. Focus: Plans) 2013 onwards that are engaged in Effect on air Ensure all schools the Local quality Under the LSTF project in 2013/14 SGC worked with 5 local to the AQMA Lead Authority Sustainable considered to be primary schools in the Kingswood and Staple Hill area, have travel plans SGC Transport Fund too small to be to deliver skills training for young people to travel in place to reduce Project. The results measurable, sustainably and independently. This programme has car dependency at of these surveys although involved 508 students undertaking activities including; each site. shows mode share positive impact for pupils arriving at may be seen • Safer, Fitter, Greener Year 4 pupils - the benefits of school. over time sustainable travel associated with • Route planning. modal shift to • Scooter training. more • Pedestrian training. sustainable forms of The Road Safety team also deliver road safety transport. education presentations to year 3 and year 6 students talking about cycle safety, in-car safety and pedestrian safety. In the Staple Hill area 90 students had input during 2013/14.

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Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA As reported in KM1, the Council has also subscribed to the School Travel Facts service that provides information on sustainable travel to participating schools to assist them in implementing Travel Plans.

LSTF WEST funding ended in March 2016. Bid prepared for further funding through Sustainable Travel Transition Year (STTY) SM2 Measure: Promoting Travel PP • Cycling levels No specific Since 2013 the LSTF WEST team has been Action on- Travel planning for Alternatives 2013/14 • Bus patronage target emissions implementing a series of initiatives that will encourage going Staple Hill Town • Walking levels reduction. sustainable travel behaviour change and reduce the Centre (Intensive active IP number of single occupancy car use journeys across travel campaign & 2014 onwards See SM6 for cycling Modal shift from South Gloucestershire, including in Staple Hill. This Focus: infrastructure) data. car and private work includes close working with local communities Undertake travel Lead Authority vehicle use to through groups such as the Staple Hill Regeneration surveys or SGC in Global bus public transport, Partnership. interviews to conjunction with patronage is and more ascertain modes Staple Hill measured across sustainable A series of community engagement events took place of travel Chamber of the West of England modes such as in Staple Hill during the summer of 2013, with the aim particularly to the Trade as part of the Joint cycling and of consulting with communities to identify barriers and shops/workplaces. Local Transport walking will solutions to encourage more journeys to be made by Focus will be on Plan (JLTP3) contribute sustainable travel modes. Members of the LSTF deliveries and Annual Progress towards Sustainable Travel Field Team will be present at major visitors where Reports. The improvements in community events and will engage residents in parking. JLTP3 contains a air quality within Personalised Travel Planning to identify regular target to increase the AQMA. journeys in the local area that could be made by patronage across walking, cycling or public transport. the West of England During 2013/14, the LSTF WEST team held by approximately sustainable travel roadshows on 29/10/13 and 11% by 2015/16 24/08/13 in Staple Hill. Each engaged about 20 local from a 2008/09 people and some personal travel planning was baseline. undertaken. LSTF WEST funding ended in March 2016.

X18 bus service enhanced to run more frequently (starting August 2015) and to serve Southmead Hospital. JLTP3 Annual Progress Report 6% increase in patronage during 2015/16.online in priority neighbourhoods; including Staple Hill.

Also see events under SM5

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Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA SM3 Measure: Traffic PP Measured by No specific These bus stop locations were reviewed when the Action Relocation of bus Management 2012/13 relocation of bus target emissions shelters were replaced, but due to site constraints a completed stops on stop reduction. better location could not be found. and closed Soundwell Road (UTC, Congestion IP Action closed, as the bus stops are unable to be re- management, 2013/14 located. Focus: traffic reduction) Relocating the bus Lead Authority No further action by South Gloucestershire Council stops to more SGC anticipated suitable positions where they do not completely stop the flow of traffic in both directions SM4 Measure: Traffic PP Measured by: Impact of action A review of parking restrictions within Staple Hill was Action Parking Review Management 2013/14 • Road safety considered too undertaken and feasibility, design and consultation completed benefits small to be work undertaken. The resulting scheme was delivered and closed Focus: (Workplace IP • Reduced measurable, as part of the 2014/15 local transport capital Review of parking Parking Levy, 2014/15 congestion" although programme. issues within the Parking positive impact AQMA. Enforcement on Lead Authority may be seen Any subsequent issues have been addressed in a highway) SGC over time. further review which is also now complete.

This action has been completed and has been closed. SM5 Measure: Promoting Travel PP Measured by No specific The LSTF WEST programme has included a series of Action on- Smarter Choices Alternatives 2013/14 increases in number target emissions initiatives aimed at encouraging travel behaviour going promotions/roadsh of: reduction. change and reducing the number of single occupancy ows (Intensive active IP • Cyclists car use journeys. This includes working with priority travel campaign & 2014 onwards • Bus patronage Modal shift from neighbourhoods, employers and schools / colleges. Focus: infrastructure) Also measure by car and private During 2013/14, sustainable travel roadshows have Undertake Lead Authority number of proactive vehicle use to been held in Staple Hill. Each engaged about 20 local promotion of SGC events public transport people and some personal travel planning was sustainable travel and more undertaken. in particular See SM6 for cycling sustainable around the data and SM2 for modes such as LSTF WEST funding ended in March 2016. shopping area by bus patronage data. cycling and holding roadshows walking will X18 bus service enhanced to run more frequently and events where contribute (starting August 2015) and to serve Southmead residents and towards hospital. Also see events under SM2. workers can talk to improvements in representatives air quality within Aug 15: Out and about walks booklet & online the AQMA. resource. Produced and promoted through events and online in priority neighbourhoods; including Staple Hill.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 24 South Gloucestershire Council

Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA

Aug to Sept 15: Bus direct mail campaign Hanham, Cadbury Heath, Oldland Common network (What’s your number). This targeted some Staple Hill bus passengers.

Sept to Oct 15: Bus roadshows and distribution of South Gloucestershire bus network map. Bus roadshows including Staple Hill. Network map advertised in South Gloucestershire News and distributed to council outlets. SM6 Measure: Transport Planning PP Measured by No specific The Council applied for DEFRA AQ grant funding to Action on- Cycling and Infrastructure 2012/13 increases in target emissions improve cycling infrastructure in Staple Hill in 2012, going infrastructure numbers of cyclists. reduction. 2013 and 2014, however the bids were unsuccessful (Cycle network) IP This is measured and the scheme awaits funding. Focus: 2014 onwards across the West of Modal shift from Review the current England as part of car and private An LSTF scheme was implemented 2014/15 to install cycling provision Lead Authority the Joint Local vehicle use to lighting along the Bristol/Bath railway cycle path from and seek to SGC Transport Plan more the BCC boundary to Mangotsfield station, at a total improve access by (JLTP3) Annual sustainable cost of £130,000. This will significantly improve bicycle by Progress Reports. modes such as conditions for cyclists along this major cycling corridor introducing more The JLTP3 contains cycling will which passes adjacent to the AQMA. This will tie-in traffic free cycle a target to increase contribute with other planned schemes to improve cycling access lanes, improved cycling by 76% by towards and legibility between the railway cycle path, Page on carriageway 2015/16 from a improved air Park and the Tynings School. The scheme consists of cycle provision, 2008/09 baseline. quality within the 44 new street lighting columns and 20 lantern cycle parking and AQMA. changes. The scheme consumes 36% less energy facilities where The JLTP3 and requires reduced maintenance. appropriate. monitoring is collated from a A second £80,000 lighting scheme, funded by the network of Cycle Ambition Fund, was implemented in 2015/16, automatic cycle adding a further 33 new street lighting columns counters. The between Mangotsfield Station and the A4174 Ring- nearest relevant road cycle path. Energy efficient lighting and part-night counters to South operation were utilised to minimize the energy Gloucestershire’s consumption of the new lighting. AQMAs are located on the Bristol/Bath The nearby Railway Terrace Bristol City Council cycle cycle path at counter shows 16% increase in cycling in this area Mangotsfield. (against a background growth of 9%).

Major maintenance works at the Teewell Hill bridge improved cycle accessibility to the Bristol Bath

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 25 South Gloucestershire Council

Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA cycleway. This bridge falls outside the AQMA but will offer improved cycle accessibility for Staple Hill.

Cycle infrastructure is constantly under review as issues and possible measures are identified by Officers, Members and the public. SL1 Measure: Vehicle Fleet PP Membership No specific Initial contact made in 2012 with the Scheme providers This action ECO Stars Fleet Efficiency 2012/13 numbers. target emissions to assess the most practical way to take this initiative will be Recognition reduction. forward. reviewed as Scheme (Fleet efficiency IP Cleaner fleet part of an and recognition 2013/14 vehicles should Following assessment by Council officers there is AQAP review. Focus: schemes) reduce NOx currently not the required administrative resource Introduce award Lead Authority emissions. available to implement and run such a scheme. scheme for SGC Therefore progression of this action is unlikely for the efficient and foreseeable future. cleaner fleet vehicles both in house and promote to businesses within South Gloucester- shire SL2 Measure: Alternatives to PP Car club No specific Long term action preparatory work commenced. Action on- Car club private vehicle use 2012/13 membership target emissions The Council is working with Car Club operators to going reduction introduce Car Clubs at two locations within South Focus: (Car Clubs) IP Gloucestershire, although neither is at Staple Hill. Establish a car 2014/15 club with the Car Club will be reviewed using monitoring data from objective to Lead Authority the Car Clubs being established elsewhere in the reduce car SGC Council area. ownership levels SL3 Measure: Traffic PP Measured by No specific 1) The Local Transport Capital Programme included Action Review traffic Management 2012/13 improved traffic target emissions the introduction of a new traffic signal control strategy completed signal numbers speeds. reduction. at the junction of A4175 Broad Street/A4017 Victoria and closed and operations (UTC, Congestion IP Monitoring of Street (ref NM50/2012). The Chase Area Forum management, 2013/14 traffic flows will prioritised this measure as part of their delegated Focus: traffic reduction) be conducted as funding and the scheme was completed in 2012. Review Lead Authority part of the implications of SGC Council’s normal 2) DEFRA Air Quality Grant awarded to implement a traffic signals and monitoring of the similar scheme at High Street (B4465), Pendennis signal timings to highway Road and Acacia Road crossroads. The aim of the

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 26 South Gloucestershire Council

Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA improve traffic network. Air project is to improve the timing of the traffic signals to flows through quality will allow better traffic flow through the junction. £8,000 of Staple Hill continue to be grant funding allocated in LTP capital programme (ref monitored and NM75/2013). The upgrading of the traffic signals at the the results Pendennis Road and Acacia Road junction was reviewed in completed in 2013. This has improved the operation of annual reports. the signal junction and resulted in improved vehicle flows. The pedestrian stage of the phasings has been “double-greened”, which has resulted in significant benefits for pedestrians. SL4 Measure: Freight and PP Measured by No specific This action has been programmed as part of the Local Action Review of delivery Delivery 2012/13 • Number of target emissions Transport capital programme completed bays Management reported issues with reduction. Completed 2013/14. and closed IP delivery bays Focus: (Delivery and 2014/15 as part • Reduced Review the Service plans) of Parking congestion designated Review (SM4) delivery bays to (brought forward reduce congestion from original where possible. date of 2016 onwards

Lead Authority SGC SL5 Measure: Traffic PP Measured by No specific Long term action – no progress yet 2019/20 Restrict traffic Management 2016/17 reduction in traffic target emissions turning volumes at A4017 reduction. The impact of the signal improvement identified under movements at (UTC, Congestion IP junction measure SL3 will be monitored and a decision made A4017 junction. management, 2019/20 on whether to consider further changes at this junction traffic reduction) including the restriction of turning movements will be Focus: Lead Authority made as part of the post-scheme evaluation. By restricting SGC traffic turning at A4017, the free flow of traffic is maintained and therefore not idling which improves emissions.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 27 South Gloucestershire Council

Planning / Target Estimated Measure EU Category Implementation Key Performance Pollution Measure Progress to Date Completion Comments No. (Classification) Phase Indicator Reduction in Date Lead Authority the AQMA SL6 Measure: Freight and PP Number of delivery No specific Long term action - no progress yet. 2019/20 Controlled Delivery 2016/17 & collection target emissions deliveries/ Management agreements made reduction collections IP with businesses (Freight 2019/20 Focus: Consolidation Restrict deliveries/ Centre) Lead Authority collections (e.g. SGC waste collections) to off peak hours and explore use of freight consolidation centre with electric vehicles for delivery. SL7 Measure: Traffic PP Measured by No specific Long term action - no progress yet. 2019/20 Reclassify Management 2016/17 reduction in traffic target emissions strategic routes volumes on and reduction. and signing (Other) IP travelling towards strategy 201/20 A4017.

Focus: Lead Authority By reclassifying SGC the routes it would reroute strategic traffic and therefore reduce the traffic volumes.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 28 South Gloucestershire Council

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

The introduction of this role into local air quality management supports efforts to reduce exposure at national level and also links strongly to the public health agenda, in particular the Public Health Outcome Framework (PHOF)19 which includes the following indicator:

 PHOF Indicator 3.01 Health Protection: Fraction of all cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic particulate air pollution (measured as fine

particulate matter PM2.5).

Estimates of mortality burden are based on modelled annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) originating from human activities in each local authority area. Local data on the adult population and adult mortality rates is also used. The estimates of the fraction of mortality attributable to long-term exposure to human-made particulate air pollution range from approximately 3.5% to 5% in some local authorities in rural areas to nearly 8% in some London boroughs.

In 2013, the most recent year with available data, the average for England as a whole was 5.3% and for the South West region, 4.5%. In South Gloucestershire, estimated fraction of mortality was 5.3% which is the same as for Bristol, but slightly higher than for the other West of England authorities of Bath and North East Somerset (4.8) and North Somerset (4.4).

The Council’s Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) referred to in the previous section (2.2) also contains up to date information on air quality impacts on the South Gloucestershire population, including data for attributable deaths and associated life years lost.

19 http://www.phoutcomes.info/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 29 South Gloucestershire Council

South Gloucestershire Council recognises that local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and concentrations of PM2.5 in their area. To provide the information with which to define the role, an assessment will be undertaken of local needs and priorities.

This will be carried out in conjunction with a range of partners including representatives from Environmental Health, Spatial Planning, Transport and Public Health within the Council, and where possible external expertise in respiratory medicine and air pollution monitoring.

The following will be considered:

 The evidence base for public health effects of PM2.5 and links to Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator

 Changes to monitoring / reporting requirements

 Availability of local data monitoring / modelling

 The impact of the Joint Transport Strategy (West of England)

 The impact of the Joint Spatial Plan (West of England)

Outcomes will include:

 Definition of an agreed PM2.5 target concentration objective

 Definition of an agreed objective for background reduction in PM2.5

In terms of the current situation with regard to PM2.5 concentrations locally, while there is no regulatory standard applied to the PM2.5 role for local authorities, the EU 20 Ambient Air Quality Directive does however set out air quality standards for PM2.5, which can act as a guide:

 Annual average EU limit value of 25µg/m3 by 2020.

 EU target value of 15% reduction in concentrations at urban background locations between 2010 and 2020.

South Gloucestershire Council does not locally monitor PM2.5 but the local PM2.5 concentrations have been estimated from the PM10 concentrations measured at the Yate automatic monitoring site, using the method specified in Technical Guidance

20 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:152:0001:0044:EN:PDF

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 30 South Gloucestershire Council

LAQM TG16 Box 7.7. The results of this are provided in Table A.9. The estimated concentrations compare well to the PM2.5 annual mean concentrations measured at the nearest national Automatic and Urban Rural Network (AURN) monitoring site;

Bristol St. Pauls. The estimated local PM2.5 concentrations are below the annual average EU limit value and greater % reductions than the EU target value of 15% can already be seen in concentrations between 2010 and 2015.

South Gloucestershire Council is currently taking the following measures to address

PM2.5:

 The progress made in implementing measures in the existing Air Quality Action Plan, as detailed in Section 2.2, will also contribute to reducing

emissions and concentrations of PM2.5. While the measures are primarily aimed at reducing nitrogen dioxide, road traffic is also a source of particulate matter so the implementation of measures will have co-benefits.

 The wider regional transport initiatives, such as Metrobus, also detailed in

Section 2.2, will contribute to reducing emissions and concentrations of PM2.5. In addition to reduced exhaust emissions, by making traffic flows smoother, these schemes will reduce non-exhaust emissions from brake and tyre wear.

 Dust Management Plans (DMPs), which are usually incorporated into Construction Environmental Management Plans (CEMPs), are routinely conditioned on major development planning permissions to control and

minimise the risk of construction dust impacts, and therefore PM2.5, on nearby receptors.

 Regular inspections of industrial processes permitted by the Council where combustion and non-combustion processes could lead to anthropogenic

emissions of PM2.5.

 Alongside measures to tackle nitrogen dioxide in the updated Action Plan, consideration will be also be given to reducing emissions and concentrations

of PM2.5. The Council is mindful of the potential co-benefits of action plan measures on multiple pollutants of concern and will follow appropriate guidance, such as the LAQM Action Toolbox in Annex A of the Defra LAQM Technical Guidance (TG16), which indicates measures that will likely be

beneficial to reducing PM2.5 levels (in addition to other pollutants).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 31 South Gloucestershire Council

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives. Following a Defra review of the local air quality management regime, local authorities no longer have to report on the following pollutants: 1,3 butadiene, benzene, carbon monoxide and lead, unless local circumstances indicate there is a problem. National monitoring results are available on the Defra UK-AIR (Air Information Resource) website21.

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

South Gloucestershire Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at one site in Yate during 2015. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is monitored using an API Model

200A chemiluminescent analyser and particulate matter (PM10) is monitored using a Met One BAM 1020 Beta-Attenuated Mass (BAM) Monitor (unheated). Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the Yate automatic monitoring site.

The Filton automatic monitoring site, which monitored nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter (PM10), ceased operation in March 2014 due to the impending sale of the building by South Gloucestershire Council. The Badminton automatic monitoring site, which monitored ozone, also ceased operation in February 2015. The closure of both these sites contributed to the savings required in the Environmental Health budget. Further details and previous monitoring results for these sites can be found in the 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment22.

Maps showing the location of the Yate monitoring site are provided in Figure E.4 and Figure E.5 in Appendix E. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

South Gloucestershire Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 101 sites during 2015. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. Triplicate monitoring (using three diffusion tubes) is undertaken at two of the

21 https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/ 22 http://www.southglos.gov.uk//documents/Air-quality-management-updating-and-screening-assessment-2015.pdf

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 32 South Gloucestershire Council monitoring locations; Yate, Station Road, where the tubes are co-located with the automatic monitoring station (sites 4, 5 and 6) and in the Cribbs Causeway AQMA, Hollywood Cottage façade (sites 87A, B and C) to ensure a robust monitoring dataset. The monitoring results are reported for 105 diffusion tubes in total.

In 2015, seven new diffusion tube monitoring sites (sites 152 – 158) were set up to monitor the potential impacts of the Metrobus23 scheme that is currently being constructed.

One diffusion tube site; Site 94 Kingswood Kings Arms, ceased operation during 2015. However, as this site was operational until October 2015, the result is reported for 2015. The monitoring ceased at the site because the post the tube was mounted on was removed and there was no suitable alternative location to re-site the tube.

Maps showing the location of the diffusion tube monitoring sites are provided in Appendix E. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for “annualisation” and bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations from the automatic and non-automatic (diffusion tube) monitoring sites for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Automatic Monitoring Data

The results of monitoring at the Yate automatic site show the NO2 concentrations are well below the annual mean objective in 2015 and all other reported years (Table A.3, Appendix A). The trend data presented in Figure A.1 (Appendix A) shows that annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations have been generally stable, although a downward trend in monitored concentrations can be observed from 2013 to 2015.

23 http://travelwest.info/metrobus

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 33 South Gloucestershire Council

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year. There were no exceedances of the 1-hour mean (200µg/m3) recorded at the Yate automatic monitoring site during 2015 and the site has been below the hourly mean objective in all reported years.

Non-Automatic (Diffusion Tube) Monitoring Data

The NO2 annual mean concentrations from the diffusion tube monitoring sites are provided in Table A.3 (Appendix A). In addition, the full 2015 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Table B.1 (Appendix B).

Discussion of 2015 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Results

Exceeding Sites

In 2015, exceedences of the annual mean objective were measured at seven monitoring sites (compared to nine in 2014). Of these, one site was within the Kingswood AQMA (compared to two in 2014), and three were within the Staple Hill AQMA (the same as in 2014). The three remaining exceeding sites were outside of the AQMAs, however they were within the Warmley Detailed Assessment area and were included within the proposed extension of the Kingswood AQMA to Warmley, which was declared in December 2015. There were no exceeding sites in the Cribbs Causeway AQMA. The exceeding sites are detailed below:

Kingswood – Warmley AQMA

 Site 68 Kingswood – 26-32 Regent Street Store Twenty One (façade)

 Site 116 Warmley - 14 High Street Webbs (lp at facade)

 Site 137 Warmley - 35 High Street (lp at façade)

 Site 146 Kingswood - 34 Hill Street (façade)

Staple Hill AQMA

 Site 73 Staple Hill - 11 Soundwell Road Starlight (lp)

 Site 75 Staple Hill – 118 High Street Santander (lp)

 Site 78 Staple Hill – 9-11 Victoria Street (tp)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 34 South Gloucestershire Council

As relevant exposure is slightly set back from the exceeding sites in the Staple Hill AQMA, an adjustment to the façade of the nearest receptor has been made using the “Nitrogen dioxide fall off with distance” calculator24, which is the procedure specified in LAQM Technical Guidance (TG16). Details of the distance adjustment calculations are presented in Table C.4 (Appendix C). The estimated concentrations at the façade of the nearest relevant receptors on distance adjustment were below the annual mean objective, and only for site 75, was the concentration within 10% of the objective at 36.5 µg/m3. It should also be noted that there is no relevant exposure at ground floor level in relation to both sites 73 and 75, and also site 68 in the Kingswood - Warmley AQMA.

It should be taken into consideration that the fall off with distance calculator has some uncertainty and provides an estimated concentration only. Where possible, the diffusion tubes will be relocated to relevant receptor façades.

No annual means greater than 60µg/m3 were recorded at any of the diffusion tube monitoring sites, so exceedances of the 1-hour mean objective are considered unlikely.

Borderline Exceedances

There were twelve sites approaching the objective i.e. within 10% of the objective at 36 µg/m3 or above in 2015 (compared to sixteen in 2014). Of these, five sites are within the extended Kingswood – Warmley AQMA (sites 67, 94, 98, 138 and 139) and four are within the Staple Hill AQMA (sites 61, 62, 79 and 102).

The remaining three borderline sites outside of the AQMAs are listed below:

 Site 134 Hambrook - Bristol Road Old Bakery façade (36.0 µg/m3)

 Site 147 Soundwell - 264 Soundwell Rd façade (38.7 µg/m3)

 Site 151 Hambrook - Bristol Road Old Bakery FP Signpost (39.5 µg/m3)

At all of the above sites, apart from site 79 in the Staple Hill AQMA, monitoring is either at the façade, or level with the façade in the case of site 151. Distance adjustment of site 79 to the nearest relevant receptor façade using the method specified above reduces the annual mean concentration further below the objective. Details are presented in Table C.4 (Appendix C).

24 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/tools-monitoring-data/no2-falloff.html

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 35 South Gloucestershire Council

All the borderline sites represent relevant exposure, apart from site 98, although it should be also noted that there is no relevant exposure at ground floor level in relation to sites 67, 94, 61, 62 and 102.

The results for the Hambrook Old Bakery sites (134 and 151) compare reasonably well and concerns that the concentrations at façade may be over-estimated because diffusion tube (site 134) is located in a corner of the building appear unfounded, with site 151 monitoring slightly higher nitrogen dioxide concentrations in 2015 than site 134. While both sites are close to the annual mean objective, it should be noted that there were major long term roadworks during 2015 in the vicinity of these sites due to a road widening scheme for Bristol Road on the approach to the junction with the A4174 Ring Road (Hambrook Crossroads). These roadworks are likely to have adversely affected monitored concentrations due to additional traffic congestion in the area.

Site 147 in Soundwell marginally exceeded the annual mean objective in 2014 (40.6 µg/m3), however, in 2015 the concentration was below the objective. Triplicate diffusion tube monitoring was set up in March 2016 for more robust monitoring of the nitrogen dioxide concentrations at this location and this will be reported in the next Annual Status Report in 2017. Should an exceedance be identified, further work will be undertaken as appropriate.

All the borderline sites will continue to be closely observed, especially with regard to planning or transport developments that may affect future nitrogen dioxide concentrations.

Discussion of Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Kingswood - Warmley and Staple Hill Air Quality Management Areas

The trends in annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured at diffusion tube monitoring sites in the AQMAs are shown in graphs in Appendix A. The trends within the Kingswood – Warmley AQMA are shown in Figure A.3 (Kingswood section) and Figure A.4 (Warmley section) and the trends in the Staple Hill AQMA in Figure A.5. For ease of reference and as recommended in the Defra appraisal of the 2015 USA, the diffusion tube monitoring results within the Kingswood – Warmley and Staple Hill AQMAs can be found in Table A.7 and Table A.8 respectively.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 36 South Gloucestershire Council

In the Kingswood – Warmley AQMA, four sites (68, 116, 137 and 146) exceeded the annual mean objective in 2015, with the highest monitored concentration being 43.2 µg/m3 (site 137). In 2014, there were two exceeding sites (67 and 68) in the Kingswood AQMA (before the AQMA was extended to Warmley), with the highest monitored concentration being just above the objective at 40.2 µg/m3. However, for better comparison, in 2014 in the equivalent area to the current Kingswood – Warmley AQMA, there were five exceeding sites (sites 116, 137 and 146, in addition to 67 & 68 above), with the highest exceedance being at site 146 (46.1 µg/m3). Consequently, from 2014 to 2015, there has been a decrease in the number of exceeding sites and the level of exceedance. It should also be noted that while an exceedance has been measured at site 68, as previously mentioned, there is no relevant exposure at ground floor level.

Overall from 2014 to 2015, when the equivalent areas are considered, nitrogen dioxide concentrations at 17 of the 24 monitoring sites decreased, increased at six sites and remained the same at one site. Overall, with decreasing concentrations at the majority of the monitoring sites, it appears to be an improving situation within the Kingswood – Warmley AQMA.

In the Staple Hill AQMA, there were three exceeding sites (73, 75 and 78) in 2015, the same number as in 2014, although then the three exceeding sites were 61, 75 and 78. Site 75 was the highest exceeding site in both 2015 and 2014. The concentration was slightly lower at this site in 2015 (44.8 µg/m3) than in 2014 (45.3 µg/m3).

From 2014 to 2015, nitrogen dioxide concentrations at 8 of the 13 monitoring sites in the AQMA decreased (including at two exceeding sites 75 and 78), increased at four sites (62, 72, 73 and 74) although three of these sites are below the objective with only site 73 showing a marginal exceedance of 40.4 µg/m3 when it was previously just below the objective, and concentrations stayed the same (below the objective) at one site (79).

It should be also noted as previously discussed, that relevant exposure at the three exceeding sites in 2015 is set back and when distance adjusted, the estimated concentrations are below the annual mean objective at the nearest receptor façades. Furthermore, there is no relevant exposure at ground floor level in relation to of the exceeding sites (sites 73 and 75) and concentrations would be further reduced at

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 37 South Gloucestershire Council higher floors. Overall, it appears to be an improving situation within the Staple Hill AQMA.

While there is no clear trend in the annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations within the AQMAs with concentrations remaining relatively stable over the past decade, in recent years the number of sites exceeding the annual mean objective has fallen and the nitrogen dioxide concentrations have decreased at the majority of the monitoring sites in both AQMAs.

It is difficult to determine whether this recent apparent downward trend is due to variation around the normal annual fluctuations, which has seen concentrations ultimately remain relatively static over a longer period of time, or whether it will be a continuing trend. The 2012 Air Quality Action Plan for Kingswood and Staple Hill is being progressed which could have had some impact however, pollutant concentrations can vary year to year due to a number of factors, in particular the meteorological conditions.

Current Status of Cribbs Causeway AQMA

Following the declaration of the Cribbs Causeway AQMA in 2010 (see Figure E.1), a Further Assessment of air quality within the AQMA was undertaken. The Further Assessment Report 2011 concluded the 2010 nitrogen dioxide concentration (33.0 µg/m3) at monitoring site 87, located at the façade of the single property in the AQMA, was below the annual mean objective, indicating the AQMA was longer required. As a precaution, the recommendation was made to continue monitoring and review the 2011 results and if these results were also below the objective, then it would be appropriate to revoke the AQMA.

The 2011 result (34.0 µg/m3) also showed the annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration at site 87 was below the objective. Consequently, the revocation of the AQMA was proposed in the 2012 Updating and Screening Assessment. However, Defra recommended on appraisal of the report that the AQMA be retained pending further monitoring results as while 2010 and 2011 results were below the objective, pollutant concentrations can vary significantly from one year to another.

The Council accepted the recommendation to retain the AQMA and review further monitoring results. Triplicate diffusion tube monitoring, which is considered to be more robust, was set up at the façade of the single property within the AQMA in

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 38 South Gloucestershire Council

2013. The average of the triplicate monitored concentrations in 2013 was 32.3 µg/m3, in 2014, 34.5 µg/m3 and in 2015, 28.9 µg/m3 so the nitrogen dioxide concentrations remain below the annual mean objective and show a significant decrease in 2015. This could be due to the works completed at the M5 junction 17 in 2015/16 following the Local Pinch Point Funding secured in 2013.

The precision between the triplicate results in 2015 was checked using the precision and accuracy LAQM spreadsheet tool25 available on the Defra website and the precision was shown to be good.

Although the concentrations remain below the annual mean objective in the Cribbs Causeway AQMA, the AQMA will be retained in light of the major planned/committed development in the Cribbs Causeway Patchway New Neighbourhood. Monitoring will continue and the results will be reviewed to assess any potential impacts on the AQMA. However, no action plan is required for this AQMA because the nitrogen dioxide concentrations are below the annual mean objective at the receptor façade.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

The PM10 monitoring results from the Yate automatic site have been adjusted to gravimetric equivalent with the BAM data corrected for slope (see Appendix C).

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily (24- hour) mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.

The PM10 concentrations measured at the Yate automatic site are well below the annual mean and 24-hour mean objectives in 2015 and all other reported years. The trend data presented in Figure A.2 (Appendix A) shows that annual mean PM10 concentrations have generally been stable since 2005. At Yate, there has been a downward trend in monitored concentrations since 2010, although this has levelled off and remained constant at 15 µg/m3 from 2013 to 2015.

25 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/local-bias.html

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 39 South Gloucestershire Council

Appendices

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015

Appendix C: Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

Appendix D: Supporting Technical Information

Appendix E: Maps

Appendix F: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 40 South Gloucestershire Council

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Site Distance to Distance X OS Y OS Inlet Site Pollutants In Monitoring Relevant to kerb of Site ID Site Name Grid Grid Height Type Monitored AQMA? Technique Exposure nearest Ref Ref (m) (m) road (m)

NO2 Chemiluminescent 1.6 Yate - Station Roadside 370418 182525 N 24 6 Road PM10 Gravimetric (BAM) 1.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 41 South Gloucestershire Council

Table A.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser? Yate - Station Road 1 Roadside 370721 182499 NO2 N 5 2.5 N 2.4 Motor Aids

Yate - Station Road 4 Roadside 370418 182525 NO2 N 24 6 Y 2.4 Co-Location 1

Yate - Station Road 5 Roadside 370418 182525 NO2 N 24 6 Y 2.4 Co-location 2

Yate - Station Road 6 Roadside 370418 182525 NO2 N 24 6 Y 2.4 Co-location 3

Filton - 152 Gloucester Road 10 Roadside 360266 179136 NO2 N 0 3.5 N 2.2 North - Premier Store façade

Thornbury – 48 High Street 11 Roadside 363654 189893 NO2 N N/A 0.5 N 2.6 Morgan Stone

Stoke Gifford - Church Road 12 Roadside 362161 179570 NO2 N N/A 1 N 2.5 Rear of Friends Life

13 Filton - MOD Roundabout Roadside 361523 178732 NO2 N N/A 1 N 2.3

Kingswood - 79 Regent Street 17 Roadside 364830 173878 NO2 Y N/A 2.5 N 2.6 HSBC

Downend – Boscombe Urban 21 Crescent St Augustines 365673 177475 NO2 N N/A 1.5 N 2.6 Background Church

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 42 South Gloucestershire Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser? Hanham – 44 High Street 22 Roadside 364116 172413 NO2 N N/A 3 N 2.6 Lloyds Bank

23 Kingswood - Cecil Road Roadside 364854 173717 NO2 N 16.5 1 N 2.4

Urban 26 Kingswood – 8 Gilbert Road 364846 174007 NO2 N 5 1.5 N 3.1 Background

Kingswood - 90 Regent Street 27 Roadside 364866 173835 NO2 Y 0 2 N 2.8 Nat West façade

Staple Hill - 123 High Street 29 Roadside 364822 175932 NO2 Y 2 1 N 2.7 Backhouse Bet

Bradley Stoke – 109 Ormonds 24.8 34 Close M4 East of Almondsbury Roadside 362395 182544 NO2 N 11 N 2.7 Interchange (M4 33)

Bradley Stoke - Woodlands 3.3 35 Lane M4 East of Almondsbury Roadside 362118 183031 NO2 N 9.8 N 2.5 Interchange (lp47) (M4 22.5)

Hambrook – Whiteshill 37 36 Roadside 364556 178856 NO2 N 20 N 2.4 M4 East of M32 (M4)

Almondsbury - Old Aust Road 7 37 M4 West of Almondsbury Roadside 361147 184846 NO2 N 108 N 2.0 Interchange (M4)

Severn Beach – Ableton Lane Urban 38 354282 184653 NO2 N 0 49 N 2.8 Severn Beach Primary School Background

Urban 42 Little Stoke -Braydon Ave 361418 181674 NO2 N 8 1.5 N 2.6 Background

44 Stoke Gifford - Hatchet Road Roadside 362061 180025 NO2 N 14 4 N 2.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 43 South Gloucestershire Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser? Bradley Stoke - Bradley Stoke 45 Roadside 363265 180539 NO2 N 27.5 2.5 N 2.8 Way

Winterbourne - High Street 46 opp Winterbourne International Roadside 364852 180758 NO2 N 16.5 1 N 2.7 Academy

Hambrook – Bristol Road 53 Roadside 363907 178389 NO2 N 16 6.5 N 2.0 Rear of 17 Fenbrook Close

Longwell Green - A431 / 54 Roadside 365256 171656 NO2 N 33 1.5 N 2.7 Aldermoor Way

Coalpit Heath - Badminton Rd 57 Roadside 367742 181160 NO2 N 12 2 N 2.3 The Salon/Carpet shop (lp13)

Longwell Green - Kingsfield 31 58 Lane/ Aspects Leisure Site Roadside 365327 172141 NO2 N 27 N 2.6 (lp6) (A4174)

Downend - North Street 60 Roadside 365101 176688 NO2 N 4 1 N 2.6 Kustom Floors & Furniture

Staple Hill Crossroads - 1 61 Roadside 364926 175926 NO2 Y 0 2.5 N 2.5 Broad Street William Hill

Staple Hill Crossroads - 2 62 Roadside 364909 175908 NO2 Y 0 1.5 N 2.4 Broad Street Café 501 façade

63 Patchway – 28 Park Leaze Roadside 359487 182479 NO2 N 8 1.5 N 2.6

Kingswood - 40 Regent Street 67 Roadside 364671 173877 NO2 Y 0 2.5 N 2.8 Thomas Cook façade

Kingswood - 26-32 Regent 68 Street Store Twenty One Roadside 364631 173886 NO2 Y 0 2.5 N 2.9 façade

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 44 South Gloucestershire Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser? Kingswood - 12 Regent Street 69 Roadside 364597 173892 NO2 Y 0 2.5 N 2.5 Silver Brides façade

Kingswood - Two Mile Hill 70 Roadside 364533 173896 NO2 Y 0 2.5 N 2.5 Road Job Centre Plus façade

Staple Hill - 11 The Square 71 Roadside 365075 175918 NO2 Y 0.5 6.5 N 2.7 Bunch Florist

Staple Hill - 25 Broad Street 72 Roadside 364990 175920 NO2 Y 6.5 1.5 N 2.7 Westbury Inks

Staple Hill - 11 Soundwell 73 Roadside 364902 175843 NO2 Y 1.5 0.5 N 2.4 Road Starlight

Staple Hill - 29-31 Soundwell 74 Roadside 364885 175772 NO2 Y 4 0.5 N 2.5 Road opp Page Comm Assoc

Staple Hill - 118 High Street 75 Roadside 364856 175917 NO2 Y 2.5 0.5 N 2.5 Santander

Staple Hill - 84-86 High Street 76 Roadside 364722 175926 NO2 Y 0 2 N 2.7 Staple Oak Pub façade

Staple Hill - 9-11 Victoria 78 Roadside 364909 176016 NO2 Y 3.7 1.2 N 2.6 Street

Staple Hill - 27-29 Victoria 79 Roadside 364913 176067 NO2 Y 3.3 1.2 N 2.6 Street

Chipping Sodbury – 51A 83 Roadside 372791 182241 NO2 N 0 5.2 N 1.8 Broad Street façade

Cribbs Causeway – 87A Blackhorse Hill Hollywood Roadside 357739 181334 NO2 Y 0 13 N 1.6 Cottage façade

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 45 South Gloucestershire Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser? Cribbs Causeway – 87B Blackhorse Hill Hollywood Roadside 357739 181334 NO2 Y 0 13 N 1.6 Cottage façade

Cribbs Causeway – 87C Blackhorse Hill Hollywood Roadside 357739 181334 NO2 Y 0 13 N 1.6 Cottage façade

Kingswood - Downend Road 90 Roadside 364665 173925 NO2 Y 5.5 1.5 N 2.6 Junction with Boultons Road

Kingswood - Regent Street 92 Roadside 364968 173836 NO2 Y N/A 2 N 2.7 British Legion Club

Kingswood - Hanham Road 93 Roadside 364979 173801 NO2 Y 0 2 N 3.0 Exchange Court Flats

Kingswood - High Street 94 Roadside 365023 173836 NO2 Y 0 2 N 2.4 Kings Arms

Kingswood - 45 High Street 95 Roadside 365078 173846 NO2 Y 0 2.7 N 2.5 Adam Lee

Kingswood - 71 High Street 96 Roadside 365164 173832 NO2 Y 5.5 2.3 N 2.7 Homeless Project

97 Kingswood - 129 High Street Roadside 365361 173804 NO2 Y 2 1.5 N 2.5

Kingswood - High Street 98 Roadside 365463 173785 NO2 Y N/A 2.5 N 2.7 Sainsbury’s Local façade

Staple Hill - High Street 101 Roadside 364546 175951 NO2 N 9 1.5 N 2.9 lp outside Beech House

Staple Hill - 58 High Street 102 Roadside 364637 175934 NO2 Y 0 1.5 N 2.4 Aladdin's Cave

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 46 South Gloucestershire Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser? Staple Hill - Page Road 103 Roadside 364751 175892 NO2 N 4.5 2 N 2.8 Brookridge Court

Staple Hill - Page Road 104 Roadside 364777 175817 NO2 N 19 1.5 N 2.7 Stars Pre-School

Staple Hill - North Street 105 Roadside 364932 176147 NO2 Y 2.5 2 N 2.7 lp outside no 2

Stoke Gifford - 73 Hambrook (3) 106 Other 363112 179559 NO2 N 0 10 N 2.2 Lane façade

Patchway - 204 Gloucester (3) 108 Other 360613 181680 NO2 N 0 12 N 2.0 Road rear façade

Patchway - 5 Falcon Close 7.5 113 Roadside 359112 181909 NO2 N 0 N 2.0 façade (M5 45) Pilning - 23 Keens Grove 114 Roadside 355263 185351 NO2 N 0 7 N 2.7 façade

Pilning - 2 Wick Road 115 Roadside 355212 185360 NO2 N 0 8.5 N 2.5 façade

Warmley - 14 High Street 116 Roadside 366882 173562 NO2 Y 0 2.2 N 3.1 Webbs (lp at façade)

Filton Northville - 29 117 Gloucester Road North Roadside 359874 178259 NO2 N 2.5 2.9 N 2.5 Blockbuster

Filton Northville - 19 118 Gloucester Road North Dental Roadside 359875 178207 NO2 N 3.4 4.7 N 2.5 Lab

Filton - 137 Gloucester Road 119 Roadside 360263 179250 NO2 N 0.5 3.6 N 2.5 North

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 47 South Gloucestershire Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser?

122 Filton - 549 Filton Avenue Roadside 360566 178229 NO2 N 4.5 4 N 2.3

Filton - 542 Filton Avenue 123 Roadside 360575 178265 NO2 N 5 4 N 2.5 Spar

Filton - 702a Filton Ave 124 Roadside 360918 178905 NO2 N 6.6 1.9 N 2.4 Way Ahead 0.5 125 Filton - 71 Station Road Roadside 360891 179005 NO2 N 5.4 N 2.5 (A4174 9.3) Kingswood - 109 Downend 128 Roadside 364587 174431 NO2 N 1.6 2 N 2.4 Road

Cribbs Causeway – 1 Holly 18 129 Roadside 357508 181059 NO2 N 0 N 2.1 Cottages façade (M5 44) Cribbs Causeway – 2 Mayfield 17 130 Roadside 357488 181011 NO2 N 0 N 1.8 Cottages façade (A4018 38) Bradley Stoke - 188 Oaktree 131 Roadside 360949 182831 NO2 N 4.5 11.7 N 2.1 Crescent

Hanham - 66 High St 132 Roadside 364178 172337 NO2 N 0.6 2.7 N 2.5 Café Boujour

Hambrook - 123 Old 133 Roadside 363736 178507 NO2 N 0 10.4 (A4174) N 2.1 Gloucester Road façade (dp)

Hambrook – Bristol Road, Old 134 Roadside 364048 178719 NO2 N 0 2.4 N 1.9 Bakery façade (dp)

Frenchay – Harford Drive 24.5 135 Roadside 364029 178413 NO2 N 12.5 N 2.5 Dyrham Flats (A4174) Little Stoke – 26 Gipsy Patch 136 Roadside 361242 180544 NO2 N 0 12.0 N 2.1 Lane façade (dp)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 48 South Gloucestershire Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser? Warmley - 35 High Street 137 Roadside 366984 173563 NO2 Y 0 1.9 N 2.3 (lp at façade)

Warmley - 18 High Street 138 Roadside 366941 173558 NO2 Y 0 2.0 N 2.6 façade (dp)

Warmley - 14 High Street 139 Roadside 366890 173560 NO2 Y 0 2.3 N 2.6 Webbs façade (dp)

Warmley - 2 Stanley Road 140 Roadside 366879 173594 NO2 N 0 4.1 N 1.5 façade (dp)

Warmley - 41 Deanery Road 141 Roadside 366705 173581 NO2 Y 0 7.7 N 2.7 façade (dp) 8.9 Warmley - 33 Deanery Road 142 Roadside 366613 173597 NO2 Y 0 (A4174 N 2.1 Warmley Court façade (dp) 18.2) Warmley - 1 High Street 143 Roadside 366815 173574 NO2 Y 0 5 N 2.5 Ideal Pharmacy façade (dp)

Warmley - 8 Tower Road 144 Roadside 366913 173523 NO2 N 0 4.3 N 2.0 North façade (dp)

Warmley - 1 London Road 145 Roadside 367107 173531 NO2 Y 4.9 5 N 2.2 (Cycle Path)

Kingswood - 34 Hill St 146 Roadside 365910 173680 NO2 Y 0 1.6 N 2.2 façade (dp)

Soundwell - 264 Soundwell Rd 147 Roadside 364586 174496 NO2 N 0 2.6 N 2.0 façade (dp)

Filton – 109 Gloucester Road 148 Roadside 360076 178901 NO2 N 0 10.2 N 1.9 North façade (dp)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 49 South Gloucestershire Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Site Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a ID Monitored Exposure nearest road (m) Ref Ref ? Continuous (m) (1) (m) (2) Analyser? Filton – 707 Southmead Road 149 Roadside 360050 179020 NO2 N 0 9.8 N 1.7 façade (dp)

Soundwell – 296 Soundwell 150 Roadside 364528 174425 NO2 N 0 4.3 N 1.8 Road façade (dp)

Hambrook – Bristol Road 151 Roadside 364048 178726 NO2 N 0 1 N 2.2 Old Bakery FP signpost

Bradley Stoke -188 Oaktree 152 Roadside 360942 182833 NO2 N 2.5 9.5 N 2.4 Crescent lp49

Bradley Stoke -141 Wheatfield 153 Roadside 361841 182417 NO2 N 0 8.2 N 2.1 Drive (façade) Bradley Stoke - 166 Ellan Hay 154 Roadside 363241 180724 NO2 N 0 14 N 2.2 Road (façade)

Stoke Gifford - 3 Earl Close 155 Roadside 363324 179854 NO2 N 0 N/A N 2.6 (façade)

Stoke Gifford - Lancelot Road 156 Roadside 362400 177624 NO2 N 21.2 1.8 N 2.5 lp1

Hambrook - Bristol Road 157 Roadside 364006 178517 NO2 N 0 30.8 N 2.4 Poplars House (façade)

Downend - 5 Wick Wick Close 158 Roadside 366156 178556 NO2 N 0 20.2 N 2.2 (façade) (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). N/A if no relevant exposure. (2) N/A if not applicable (in the case of site 155, road (Stoke Gifford Transport Link) not yet completed. (3) Other locations where any special source orientated monitoring is undertaken in relation to specific emission sources; in this case, railway line.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 50 South Gloucestershire Council

Table A.3 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Valid Data Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

- Yate Station Road (Automatic) Roadside Automatic n/a 98.4% 27 27 26 24 21

Yate - Station Road 1 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 31.2 37.0 31.5 31.4 29.1 Motor Aids

Yate - Station Road 4 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 26.4 29.6 25.5 25.0 22.7 Co-Location 1

Yate - Station Road 5 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 83% 25.7 30.3 25.6 24.3 23.0 Co-location 2

Yate - Station Road 6 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 25.3 27.8 25.0 24.6 22.8 Co-location 3

Filton - 152 Gloucester Road North 10 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 34.8 39.5 31.7 38.1 33.2 Premier Store façade

Thornbury – 48 High Street 11 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 27.9 30.7 27.8 27.6 25.5 Morgan Stone

Stoke Gifford - Church Road 12 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 27.3 34.5 32.7 31.0 28.6 Rear of Friends Life

13 Filton - MOD Roundabout Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 28.9 36.7 35.3 33.7 32.1

Kingswood - 79 Regent Street 17 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 25.4 31.3 25.8 24.1 24.0 HSBC

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 51 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Downend – Boscombe Crescent Urban 21 Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 18.6 21.8 18.8 17.7 16.6 St Augustines Church Background

Hanham – 44 High Street 22 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 31.4 34.9 32.5 31.5 28.7 Lloyds Bank

23 Kingswood - Cecil Road Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 28.1 35.4 30.1 26.0 25.2

Urban 26 Kingswood – 8 Gilbert Road Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 22.3 25.7 23.6 21.1 19.4 Background

Kingswood - 90 Regent Street 27 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 31.8 35.6 32.3 31.0 30.2 Nat West façade

Staple Hill - 123 High Street 29 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.9 43.6 35.2 35.2 31.2 Backhouse Bet

Bradley Stoke – 109 Ormonds 34 Close M4 East of Almondsbury Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 32.3 33.6 33.5 31.5 28.9 Interchange

Bradley Stoke - Woodlands Lane 35 M4 East of Almondsbury Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 40.9 35.3 33.3 32.0 27.9 Interchange (lp47)

Hambrook – Whiteshill 36 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 21.9 23.7 20.9 20.5 19.3 M4 East of M32

Almondsbury - Old Aust Road 37 M4 West of Almondsbury Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 34.5 34.5 37.0 31.3 31.5 Interchange

Severn Beach – Ableton Lane Urban 38 Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 16.2 17.6 18.2 14.9 14.6 Severn Beach Primary School Background

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 52 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Urban 42 Little Stoke - Braydon Ave Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 26.3 28.1 27.0 23.1 22.2 Background

44 Stoke Gifford - Hatchet Road Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 30.5 36.9 31.5 31.5 29.8

45 Bradley Stoke - Bradley Stoke Way Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 38.4 39.2 35.2 34.3 31.4

Winterbourne - High Street opp 46 Winterbourne International Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 33.0 37.2 34.4 32.7 29.4 Academy

Hambrook – Bristol Road 53 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 29.4 33.6 39.4 34.7 30.0 Rear of 17 Fenbrook Close

Longwell Green - A431 / Aldermoor 54 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 32.7 36.0 33.4 33.6 30.2 Way

Coalpit Heath - Badminton Rd 57 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 83% 30.8 34.0 32.9 32.4 29.0 The Salon/Carpet shop (lp13)

Longwell Green - Kingsfield Lane/ 58 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 23.1 a 24.2 20.8 20.4 Aspects Leisure Site (lp6) 19.4

Downend - North Street 60 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 34.6 38.0 36.0 33.7 30.7 Kustom Floors & Furniture

Staple Hill Crossroads - 1 Broad 61 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 40.7 45.8 42.1 41.5 39.4 Street William Hill

Staple Hill Crossroads - 2 Broad 62 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 40.3 43.7 36.4 36.0 36.4 Street Café 501 façade

63 Patchway – 28 Park Leaze Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 30.3 31.4 25.1 25.6 23.1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 53 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Kingswood - 40 Regent Street 67 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 42.2 47.6 40.9 40.2 38.1 Thomas Cook façade

Kingswood - 26-32 Regent Street 68 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 43.6 48.2 41.3 40.1 40.5 Store Twenty One façade

Kingswood - 12 Regent Street 69 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 83% 38.1 41.9 36.0 36.2 34.8 Silver Brides façade

Kingswood - Two Mile Hill Road 70 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 32.7 35.8 34.7 32.1 31.0 Job Centre Plus façade

Staple Hill - 11 The Square 71 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 25.5 29.2 27.1 24.7 23.6 Bunch Florist

Staple Hill - 25 Broad Street 72 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 31.2 40.3 34.8 31.9 32.2 Westbury Inks

Staple Hill - 11 Soundwell Road 73 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.8 40.6 39.3 39.9 40.4 Starlight

Staple Hill - 29-31 Soundwell Road 74 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 30.4 35.3 32.2 28.1 28.5 opp Page Comm Assoc

Staple Hill - 118 High Street 75 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 42.7 44.2 43.6 45.3 44.8 Santander

Staple Hill - 84-86 High Street 76 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.0 38.6 34.9 36.2 34.9 Staple Oak Pub façade

78 Staple Hill - 9-11 Victoria Street Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 43.0 52.8 44.4 43.3 41.5

79 Staple Hill - 27-29 Victoria Street Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 39.6 45.9a 35.8 37.5 37.5

Chipping Sodbury – 51A Broad 83 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 28.0 29.2 23.6 22.4 23.1 Street façade

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 54 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

87A Cribbs Causeway – Blackhorse Hill Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 34.0 35.0 32.7 34.9 28.4 Hollywood Cottage façade Cribbs Causeway – Blackhorse Hill 87B Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a 32.2 34.3 28.7 Hollywood Cottage façade

Cribbs Causeway – Blackhorse Hill 87C Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a 32.1 34.3 29.5 Hollywood Cottage façade

Kingswood - Downend Road 90 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 35.0 40.8 34.5 36.9 33.2 Junction with Boultons Road

Kingswood - Regent Street 92 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.8 41.9 36.9 34.0 34.1 British Legion Club

Kingswood - Hanham Road 93 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 34.3 a 32.0 29.5 29.2 Exchange Court Flats 34.8

Kingswood - High Street 94 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 75% 46.0 51.8 44.2 39.7 38.5 Kings Arms

Kingswood - 45 High Street 95 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 38.0 42.6 37.4 34.5 34.3 Adam Lee

Kingswood - 71 High Street 96 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.5 43.9 38.3 36.0 34.2 Homeless Project

97 Kingswood - 129 High Street Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 32.9 39.0 37.4 34.9 32.3

Kingswood - High Street 98 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 75% 33.3 40.2 37.9 37.1 37.0 Sainsbury’s Local façade

Staple Hill - High Street 101 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 27.2 34.6 28.0 26.3 25.7 lp outside Beech House

Staple Hill - 58 High Street 102 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 42.1 47.8 41.7 39.8 38.4 Aladdin's Cave

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 55 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Staple Hill - Page Road 103 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 24.9 27.1 24.5 21.4 21.9 Brookridge Court

Staple Hill - Page Road 104 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 83% 23.4 29.5 24.6 20.0 21.2 Stars Pre-School

Staple Hill - North Street 105 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 30.5 a 28.1 27.3 26.7 lp outside no 2 32.1

Stoke Gifford - 73 Hambrook Lane 106 Othera Diffusion Tube n/a 83% 21.1 26.4 22.1 21.6 20.1 façade

Patchway - 204 Gloucester Road 108 Othera Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 26.7 34.5 28.6 26.8 26.0 rear façade

113 Patchway - 5 Falcon Close façade Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 35.1 35.2 30.8 30.2 32.4

Pilning - 23 Keens Grove 114 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 25.8 30.6 29.0 25.6 25.7 façade

Pilning - 2 Wick Road 115 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 25.4 30.3 27.6 25.9 24.9 façade

Warmley - 14 High Street 116 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% a 50.0 44.3 40.8 42.9 Webbs (lp at façade) 51.0

Filton Northville - 29 Gloucester 117 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 35.6 35.1 32.7 31.0 Road North Blockbuster

Filton Northville - 19 Gloucester 118 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 34.2 32.7 31.3 30.4 Road North Dental Lab

119 Filton - 137 Gloucester Road North Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 75% n/a 35.5 37.0 36.1 33.6

122 Filton - 549 Filton Avenue Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 36.8 34.5 33.2 30.6

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 56 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Filton - 542 Filton Avenue 123 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 33.6 33.6 31.9 30.1 Spar

Filton - 702a Filton Ave 124 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 37.8 39.1 35.0 32.1 Way Ahead

125 Filton - 71 Station Road Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 33.1 29.5 26.7 25.8

128 Kingswood - 109 Downend Road Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 36.6 35.3 32.9 33.2

Cribbs Causeway – 1 Holly 129 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 32.4 32.2 29.9 29.5 Cottages façade

Cribbs Causeway – 2 Mayfield 130 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 31.0 29.7 27.3 26.8 Cottages façade

Bradley Stoke - 188 Oaktree 131 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 36.3 33.7 31.5 29.6 Crescent

Hanham - 66 High Street 132 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a 36.7 36.1 31.9 29.2 Café Boujour

Hambrook - 123 Old Gloucester 133 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a a 32.5 27.6 28.4 Road façade (dp) 28.8

Hambrook – Bristol Road 134 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% n/a n/a 41.9 39.4 36.0 Old Bakery façade (dp)

Frenchay – Harford Drive 135 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a 32.0 27.0 26.8 Dyrham Flats

Little Stoke – 26 Gipsy Patch Lane 136 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 23.7 22.1 façade (dp) 24.9

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 57 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Warmley - 35 High Street 137 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% n/a n/a a 42.3 43.2 (lp at façade) 50.2

Warmley - 18 High Street 138 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 39.2 37.5 façade (dp) 41.1

Warmley - 14 High Street 139 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 36.6 39.6 Webbs façade (dp) 43.2

Warmley - 2 Stanley Road 140 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 25.3 25.3 façade (dp) 26.8

Warmley - 41 Deanery Road 141 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 34.5 30.9 façade (dp) 37.2

Warmley - 33 Deanery Road 142 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 29.7 29.7 Warmley Court façade (dp) 34.2

Warmley - 1 High Street 143 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% n/a n/a a 26.1 25.6 Ideal Pharmacy façade (dp) 29.3

Warmley - 8 Tower Road North 144 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 26.6 26.5 façade (dp) 28.7

Warmley - 1 London Road 145 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 25.5 25.6 (Cycle Path) 27.7

Kingswood - 34 Hill Street 146 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 46.1 41.8 façade (dp) 39.5

Soundwell - 264 Soundwell Road 147 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 40.6 38.7 façade (dp) 33.7

Filton – 109 Gloucester Road North 148 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a n/a 28.9 34.0 façade (dp)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 58 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Filton – 707 Southmead Road 149 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% n/a n/a n/a 30.4 29.4 façade (dp)

Soundwell – 296 Soundwell Road 150 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a n/a 30.9 29.4 façade (dp)

Hambrook – Bristol Road 151 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a n/a 39.9 39.5 Old Bakery FP signpost

Bradley Stoke 188 Oaktree 152 Roadside Diffusion Tube 89% 67% n/a n/a n/a n/a 30.9 Crescent lp49

Bradley Stoke – 153 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 75% n/a n/a n/a n/a 18.2 141 Wheatfield Drive (façade)

Bradley Stoke - 166 Ellan Hay 154 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 75% n/a n/a n/a n/a 20.5 Road (façade)

Stoke Gifford - 3 Earl Close 155 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 75% n/a n/a n/a n/a 17.2 (façade)

156 Stoke Gifford - Lancelot Road lp1 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 75% n/a n/a n/a n/a 19.9

Hambrook - Bristol Road 157 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 67% n/a n/a n/a n/a 30.5 Poplars House (façade)

Downend - 5 Wick Wick Close 158 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 58% n/a n/a n/a n/a 28.4 (façade)

3 Notes: Exceedance of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m Borderline within 10% of NO2 annual mean objective (>36µg/m ) (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (a denotes annualised results for previous years 2011 – 2014 where full calendar year data capture <75%, with exception of Warmley Detailed Assessment sites in 2013 with 75% data capture, which were also annualised).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 59 South Gloucestershire Council

Table A.4 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Site Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Capture 2015 ID Type Type Monitoring (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1)

Yate - Roadside Automatic n/a 98.4% 1 0 0 0 0 Station Road

3 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 90%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 60 South Gloucestershire Council

Table A.5 Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

Valid Data 3 Valid Data PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Capture 2015 ID Type Type Monitoring (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1)

Yate - Roadside Automatic n/a 97.8% 18 16 15 15 15 Station Road

3 Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).

Table A.6 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m Site Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Capture 2015 ID Type Type Monitoring (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1)

Yate - Roadside Automatic n/a 97.8% 11 0 0 1 4 Station Road

3 Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 90%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 61 South Gloucestershire Council

Table A.7 Kingswood- Warmley AQMA Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Kingswood - 79 Regent Street 17 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 25.4 31.3 25.8 24.1 24.0 HSBC

Kingswood - 90 Regent Street 27 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 31.8 35.6 32.3 31.0 30.2 Nat West façade

Kingswood - 40 Regent Street 67 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 42.2 47.6 40.9 40.2 38.1 Thomas Cook façade

Kingswood - 26-32 Regent Street 68 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 43.6 48.2 41.3 40.1 40.5 Store Twenty One façade

Kingswood - 12 Regent Street 69 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 83% 38.1 41.9 36.0 36.2 34.8 Silver Brides façade

Kingswood - Two Mile Hill Road 70 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 32.7 35.8 34.7 32.1 31.0 Job Centre Plus façade

Kingswood - Downend Road 90 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 35.0 40.8 34.5 36.9 33.2 Junction with Boultons Road

Kingswood - Regent Street 92 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.8 41.9 36.9 34.0 34.1 British Legion Club

Kingswood - Hanham Road 93 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 34.3 a 32.0 29.5 29.2 Exchange Court Flats 34.8

Kingswood - High Street 94 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 75% 46.0 51.8 44.2 39.7 38.5 Kings Arms

Kingswood - 45 High Street 95 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 38.0 42.6 37.4 34.5 34.3 Adam Lee

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 62 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Kingswood - 71 High Street 96 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.5 43.9 38.3 36.0 34.2 Homeless Project

97 Kingswood - 129 High Street Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 32.9 39.0 37.4 34.9 32.3

Kingswood - High Street 98 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 75% 33.3 40.2 37.9 37.1 37.0 Sainsbury’s Local façade

Warmley - 14 High Street 116 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% a 50.0 44.3 40.8 42.9 Webbs (lp at façade) 51.0

Warmley - 35 High Street 137 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% n/a n/a a 42.3 43.2 (lp at façade) 50.2

Warmley - 18 High Street 138 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 39.2 37.5 façade (dp) 41.1

Warmley - 14 High Street 139 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 36.6 39.6 Webbs façade (dp) 43.2

Warmley - 41 Deanery Road 141 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 34.5 30.9 façade (dp) 37.2

Warmley - 33 Deanery Road 142 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 29.7 29.7 Warmley Court façade (dp) 34.2

Warmley - 1 High Street 143 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% n/a n/a a 26.1 25.6 Ideal Pharmacy façade (dp) 29.3

Warmley - 8 Tower Road North 144 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 26.6 26.5 façade (dp) 28.7

Warmley - 1 London Road 145 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 25.5 25.6 (Cycle Path) 27.7

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 63 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Kingswood - 34 Hill Street 146 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% n/a n/a a 46.1 41.8 façade (dp) 39.5

3 Notes: Exceedance of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m Borderline within 10% of NO2 annual mean objective (>36µg/m ) (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (a denotes annualised results for previous years 2011 – 2014 where full calendar year data capture <75%, with exception of Warmley Detailed Assessment sites in 2013 with 75% data capture, which were also annualised).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 64 South Gloucestershire Council

Table A.8 Staple Hill AQMA Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Staple Hill - 123 High Street 29 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.9 43.6 35.2 35.2 31.2 Backhouse Bet

Staple Hill Crossroads - 1 Broad 61 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 40.7 45.8 42.1 41.5 39.4 Street William Hill

Staple Hill Crossroads - 2 Broad 62 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 40.3 43.7 36.4 36.0 36.4 Street Café 501 façade

Staple Hill - 11 The Square 71 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 25.5 29.2 27.1 24.7 23.6 Bunch Florist

Staple Hill - 25 Broad Street 72 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 31.2 40.3 34.8 31.9 32.2 Westbury Inks

Staple Hill - 11 Soundwell Road 73 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.8 40.6 39.3 39.9 40.4 Starlight

Staple Hill - 29-31 Soundwell Road 74 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 30.4 35.3 32.2 28.1 28.5 opp Page Comm Assoc

Staple Hill - 118 High Street 75 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 42.7 44.2 43.6 45.3 44.8 Santander

Staple Hill - 84-86 High Street 76 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 37.0 38.6 34.9 36.2 34.9 Staple Oak Pub façade

78 Staple Hill - 9-11 Victoria Street Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 43.0 52.8 44.4 43.3 41.5

79 Staple Hill - 27-29 Victoria Street Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 39.6 45.9a 35.8 37.5 37.5

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 65 South Gloucestershire Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Valid Data 2 Site Monitoring Capture for Site Name Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Staple Hill - 58 High Street 102 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 92% 42.1 47.8 41.7 39.8 38.4 Aladdin's Cave

Staple Hill - North Street 105 Roadside Diffusion Tube n/a 100% 30.5 a 28.1 27.3 26.7 lp outside no 2 32.1

3 Notes: Exceedance of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m Borderline within 10% of NO2 annual mean objective (>36µg/m ) (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (a denotes annualised results for previous years 2011 – 2014 where full calendar year data capture <75%).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 66 South Gloucestershire Council

Estimated PM2.5 Concentrations

Table A.9 Estimation of PM2.5 concentrations and % reductions

Yate Yate Bristol St. Pauls (AURN) Estimated PM2.5 PM10 Annual Monitored PM2.5 Year (1) Annual Means (3) Means (2) Annual Means (PM10 x 0.7) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

2015 15 10.5 10

2014 15 10.5 13

2013 15 10.5 13

2012 16 11.2 13

2011 18 12.6 15

2010 20 14 14

% Reduction 25% 25% 28% 2010 -2015

(1) As reported in Table A.5, Appendix A (2) Estimated as per Technical Guidance LAQM TG16 Box 7.7 (3) Obtained from UK-AIR Data Archive Annual and Exceedance Statistics https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/exceedence

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 67 South Gloucestershire Council

Trends in Annual Mean Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites

FigureTrends A.in1 Annual Trends Mean in Annual Nitrogen Mean Dioxide Nitrogen Concentrations Dioxide Concentrations at Automatic at Automatic Monitoring Sites

TrendsFigure A.in2 Annual Trends Mean in Annual PM10 MeanConcentrations PM10 Concentrations at Automatic at Monitoring Automatic SitesMonitoring Sites

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 68 South Gloucestershire Council

Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites in Kingswood - Warmley and Staple Hill AQMAs

Figure A.3 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Kingswood Section of Kingswood - Warmley AQMA

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 69 South Gloucestershire Council

Figure A.4 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Warmley Section of Kingswood - Warmley AQMA

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 70 South Gloucestershire Council

Figure A.5 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Staple Hill AQMA

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 71 South Gloucestershire Council

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015

Table B.1 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2015

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Yate - Station Road 1 38.0 46.4 39.3 28.6 28.7 25.6 25.0 33.3 32.8 39.4 33.2 30.7 33.4 29.1 Motor Aids

Yate - Station Road 4 34.2 37.5 28.4 21.1 21.7 20.1 22.5 21.3 24.0 30.5 27.0 24.5 26.1 22.7 Co-Location 1

Yate - Station Road 5 33.2 41.5 20.6 20.7 19.4 21.1 21.9 25.8 30.3 30.3 26.5 23.0 Co-location 2

Yate - Station Road 6 29.7 37.5 31.7 18.6 21.9 20.6 21.2 24.3 24.8 30.9 28.2 24.7 26.2 22.8 Co-location 3

Filton - 152 Gloucester Road North 10 38.5 49.8 46.8 34.3 31.3 32.9 28.5 37.3 38.1 48.0 35.0 37.9 38.2 33.2 Premier Store façade

Thornbury – 48 High Street 11 33.9 42.3 34.7 23.1 20.7 22.0 25.3 27.1 35.0 27.8 30.7 29.3 25.5 Morgan Stone

Stoke Gifford - Church Road 12 39.4 45.5 39.5 26.4 29.3 25.3 26.4 33.7 41.0 28.7 26.4 32.9 28.6 Rear of Friends Life

13 Filton - MOD Roundabout 37.5 53.1 46.6 41.1 26.2 28.5 28.0 37.3 37.6 51.2 28.2 27.4 36.9 32.1

17 Kingswood - 79 Regent Street HSBC 34.1 39.1 32.4 22.3 24.3 22.3 23.1 26.6 23.6 31.3 27.4 24.8 27.6 24.0

Downend – Boscombe Crescent 21 25.2 28.8 25.9 16.3 13.0 10.5 13.0 18.2 24.2 17.9 17.5 19.1 16.6 St Augustines Church

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 72 South Gloucestershire Council

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Hanham – 44 High Street 22 34.6 41.5 39.7 31.8 26.7 26.9 28.1 32.3 40.4 29.7 31.3 33.0 28.7 Lloyds Bank

23 Kingswood - Cecil Road 37.6 41.8 34.3 24.9 24.8 25.4 22.8 28.9 31.8 25.9 20.8 29.0 25.2

26 Kingswood – 8 Gilbert Road 25.4 32.5 28.1 18.1 18.5 16.6 17.9 20.2 22.1 30.2 21.2 16.4 22.3 19.4

Kingswood - 90 Regent Street 27 38.3 44.5 36.9 32.0 34.0 29.4 30.9 35.1 31.9 37.5 34.9 30.8 34.7 30.2 Nat West façade

Staple Hill - 123 High Street 29 42.3 48.0 26.6 34.1 33.7 27.5 28.0 35.9 39.7 53.6 32.6 27.5 35.8 31.2 Backhouse Bet

Bradley Stoke – 109 Ormonds Close 34 35.2 45.6 42.4 36.2 26.7 24.2 25.2 28.9 29.8 44.9 30.7 28.3 33.2 28.9 M4 East of Almondsbury Interchange

Bradley Stoke - Woodlands Lane M4 35 East of Almondsbury Interchange 32.1 41.6 41.6 40.1 24.0 23.3 23.5 31.8 30.1 46.6 25.6 25.1 32.1 27.9 (lp47)

Hambrook – Whiteshill 36 25.9 19.5 23.5 23.1 19.7 22.1 22.5 18.9 24.6 22.2 22.5 22.2 19.3 M4 East of M32

Almondsbury - Old Aust Road 37 32.5 45.2 41.8 44.6 26.6 25.2 28.8 35.3 53.8 29.5 34.8 36.2 31.5 M4 West of Almondsbury Interchange

Severn Beach – Ableton Lane 38 22.7 21.2 18.7 15.4 13.2 12.3 13.7 16.3 21.0 15.9 14.3 16.8 14.6 Severn Beach Primary School

42 Little Stoke - Braydon Ave 30.9 40.9 28.5 21.3 19.4 17.1 20.1 21.0 24.8 29.1 27.6 25.5 22.2

44 Stoke Gifford - Hatchet Road 39.3 48.6 29.2 21.9 29.2 28.1 36.9 34.5 41.5 36.0 32.0 34.3 29.8

45 Bradley Stoke - Bradley Stoke Way 41.8 48.4 39.9 28.2 29.4 28.6 27.9 31.0 33.5 47.7 44.2 31.9 36.0 31.4

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 73 South Gloucestershire Council

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Winterbourne - High Street opp 46 41.0 46.0 42.0 28.6 28.2 27.6 22.9 28.3 29.9 41.3 35.9 33.2 33.7 29.4 Winterbourne International Academy

Hambrook – Bristol Road 53 38.8 44.5 46.8 37.5 24.6 27.9 23.5 31.2 45.2 30.6 29.0 34.5 30.0 Rear of 17 Fenbrook Close

Longwell Green - A431 / Aldermoor 54 42.4 45.0 39.1 32.4 28.1 27.3 26.7 36.4 31.0 46.4 35.9 26.0 34.7 30.2 Way

Coalpit Heath - Badminton Rd 57 42.3 52.6 40.1 22.0 23.6 26.7 31.0 35.3 31.6 28.4 33.4 29.0 The Salon/Carpet shop (lp13)

Longwell Green - Kingsfield Lane/ 58 21.1 32.6 28.2 25.2 17.5 17.2 16.7 22.0 29.6 23.9 23.8 23.4 20.4 Aspects Leisure Site (lp6)

Downend - North Street 60 36.2 44.7 44.8 38.0 32.4 24.7 23.8 32.4 33.2 45.7 33.7 33.6 35.3 30.7 Kustom Floors & Furniture

Staple Hill Crossroads - 1 Broad 61 59.7 61.4 52.4 40.5 43.8 33.1 33.8 48.8 39.4 50.1 45.6 34.8 45.3 39.4 Street William Hill

Staple Hill Crossroads - 2 Broad 62 41.8 51.6 48.8 36.6 36.2 35.1 37.1 44.1 40.9 49.9 37.1 43.2 41.9 36.4 Street Café 501 façade

63 Patchway – 28 Park Leaze 31.8 38.7 31.7 22.7 20.1 20.5 19.9 22.2 32.6 29.4 22.0 26.5 23.1

Kingswood - 40 Regent Street 67 44.4 51.6 46.4 41.6 39.1 41.5 41.2 47.2 37.7 45.5 43.7 45.5 43.8 38.1 Thomas Cook façade

Kingswood - 26-32 Regent Street 68 50.8 62.9 48.5 36.6 38.7 40.6 44.2 51.0 41.4 51.8 46.0 46.3 46.6 40.5 Store Twenty One façade

Kingswood - 12 Regent Street Silver 69 45.2 46.8 34.1 38.1 38.5 43.4 35.2 43.7 39.0 36.0 40.0 34.8 Brides façade

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 74 South Gloucestershire Council

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Kingswood - Two Mile Hill Road Job 70 39.7 45.8 38.8 33.7 27.8 31.4 25.3 37.9 34.1 46.5 34.4 31.8 35.6 31.0 Centre Plus façade

Staple Hill - 11 The Square 71 33.2 36.5 31.2 23.3 23.2 23.3 17.2 26.7 27.7 32.1 27.2 23.4 27.1 23.6 Bunch Florist

Staple Hill - 25 Broad Street 72 41.6 48.3 41.5 32.9 32.9 31.9 25.7 37.2 42.1 47.0 34.7 28.4 37.0 32.2 Westbury Inks

Staple Hill - 11 Soundwell Road 73 54.9 61.3 60.0 50.8 36.3 34.7 31.5 45.6 47.0 56.8 43.0 34.8 46.4 40.4 Starlight

Staple Hill - 29-31 Soundwell Road 74 37.9 42.7 40.1 29.7 25.5 21.2 28.9 35.1 45.5 28.6 25.5 32.8 28.5 opp Page Comm Assoc

Staple Hill - 118 High Street 75 54.0 59.0 56.7 50.5 47.2 44.3 40.8 56.1 59.4 48.6 49.2 51.4 44.8 Santander

Staple Hill - 84-86 High Street Staple 76 45.6 50.5 37.8 32.7 42.4 38.9 32.9 43.5 39.4 41.5 39.0 37.6 40.2 34.9 Oak Pub façade

78 Staple Hill - 9-11 Victoria Street 60.0 63.5 58.0 36.1 42.5 43.3 31.6 45.6 40.1 54.6 50.3 46.6 47.7 41.5

79 Staple Hill - 27-29 Victoria Street 51.4 58.0 48.3 36.1 40.1 36.7 26.8 37.3 38.0 48.6 48.5 47.1 43.1 37.5

Chipping Sodbury – 51A Broad Street 83 31.9 33.3 29.5 22.7 21.6 21.7 16.7 23.8 28.9 35.3 28.7 24.7 26.6 23.1 façade

87A Cribbs Causeway – Blackhorse Hill 37.5 43.7 33.4 28.3 25.9 19.7 25.1 30.7 31.3 37.5 35.9 43.2 32.7 28.4 Hollywood Cottage façade Cribbs Causeway – Blackhorse Hill 87B 37.2 42.3 36.2 28.6 28.1 17.7 25.3 30.1 31.7 37.7 36.2 44.7 33.0 28.7 Hollywood Cottage façade

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 75 South Gloucestershire Council

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Cribbs Causeway – Blackhorse Hill 87C 35.8 44.6 36.6 31.2 28.2 20.4 26.1 32.0 30.5 38.1 39.1 43.7 33.9 29.5 Hollywood Cottage façade

Kingswood - Downend Road Junction 90 46.6 54.8 41.9 35.1 29.4 28.7 22.1 38.2 35.0 47.5 40.0 38.0 38.1 33.2 with Boultons Road

Kingswood - Regent Street 92 46.6 49.3 42.1 39.2 39.2 36.2 35.9 32.0 36.4 37.3 43.1 32.4 39.1 34.1 British Legion Club

Kingswood - Hanham Road 93 38.1 42.4 40.6 34.2 26.6 24.9 22.8 46.0 33.7 41.6 28.1 24.2 33.6 29.2 Exchange Court Flats

Kingswood - High Street 94 51.8 55.5 51.8 40.6 40.1 42.1 37.4 39.3 40.2 D D D 44.3 38.5 Kings Arms

Kingswood - 45 High Street 95 50.3 51.7 44.3 37.6 37.2 31.4 28.7 38.3 42.0 50.5 35.6 25.5 39.4 34.3 Adam Lee

Kingswood - 71 High Street 96 52.1 53.6 47.9 33.5 31.9 28.8 29.0 35.0 37.3 48.0 40.4 34.1 39.3 34.2 Homeless Project

97 Kingswood - 129 High Street 41.2 49.6 48.2 29.0 31.8 31.0 21.2 38.3 36.6 53.1 35.5 30.3 37.1 32.3

Kingswood - High Street 98 47.3 51.6 46.4 41.8 30.8 40.2 46.1 42.8 36.2 42.6 37.0 Sainsbury’s Local façade

Staple Hill - High Street 101 32.6 41.5 34.2 25.6 21.9 24.8 21.2 26.7 28.7 40.7 29.6 27.1 29.6 25.7 lp outside Beech House

Staple Hill - 58 High Street Aladdin's 102 45.1 56.8 50.5 40.9 41.7 37.5 34.5 41.3 43.8 50.2 43.1 44.1 38.4 Cave

Staple Hill - Page Road 103 31.5 36.3 30.3 23.1 20.1 18.9 13.0 21.8 25.0 34.1 25.5 22.9 25.2 21.9 Brookridge Court

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 76 South Gloucestershire Council

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Staple Hill - Page Road 104 30.8 33.5 29.9 19.4 17.1 14.6 22.6 29.4 24.0 22.9 24.4 21.2 Stars Pre-School

Staple Hill - North Street 105 36.4 43.9 38.6 19.8 24.4 23.8 18.3 27.8 32.3 39.9 32.5 30.3 30.7 26.7 lp outside no 2

Stoke Gifford - 73 Hambrook Lane 106 29.3 34.5 28.0 17.7 17.2 15.2 15.6 30.7 24.3 18.8 23.1 20.1 façade

Patchway - 204 Gloucester Road rear 108 34.9 43.8 35.3 25.4 19.4 21.7 18.3 28.0 30.5 41.7 29.7 29.7 29.9 26.0 façade

113 Patchway - 5 Falcon Close façade 42.3 44.8 41.0 29.6 35.5 38.0 36.0 41.4 41.1 34.0 25.8 37.2 32.4

Pilning - 23 Keens Grove 114 33.0 41.2 35.6 29.5 22.1 25.0 18.3 27.1 32.1 36.9 29.9 23.7 29.5 25.7 façade

Pilning - 2 Wick Road 115 31.0 37.6 29.1 20.7 24.1 24.6 17.6 25.7 27.2 34.2 40.5 31.2 28.6 24.9 façade

Warmley - 14 High Street 116 56.3 68.3 54.6 46.2 46.0 40.5 41.3 45.6 49.5 46.8 47.1 49.3 42.9 Webbs (lp at façade)

Filton Northville - 29 Gloucester Road 117 38.3 51.0 42.5 33.9 29.2 29.1 25.3 33.0 32.4 44.0 37.6 31.2 35.6 31.0 North Blockbuster

Filton Northville - 19 Gloucester Road 118 39.1 48.0 43.3 27.0 26.2 28.7 23.2 32.0 37.8 41.8 36.8 35.8 35.0 30.4 North Dental Lab

119 Filton - 137 Gloucester Road North 54.8 52.4 33.2 31.8 31.1 26.4 49.9 34.7 33.1 38.6 33.6

122 Filton - 549 Filton Avenue 45.5 45.9 45.3 29.4 27.6 22.6 27.1 32.7 28.2 45.9 36.2 35.4 35.2 30.6

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 77 South Gloucestershire Council

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Filton - 542 Filton Avenue 123 42.3 50.1 42.7 32.3 25.4 21.6 20.3 31.4 29.0 51.0 33.8 35.5 34.6 30.1 Spar

Filton - 702a Filton Ave 124 38.4 51.5 45.0 38.8 29.4 25.5 19.1 38.3 37.3 53.6 33.4 32.4 36.9 32.1 Way Ahead

125 Filton - 71 Station Road 36.6 45.2 35.0 19.0 22.6 21.4 16.0 30.0 29.8 37.4 30.8 32.4 29.7 25.8

128 Kingswood - 109 Downend Road 44.4 51.3 48.3 30.6 37.3 23.8 29.2 36.0 33.1 47.2 39.3 37.6 38.2 33.2

Cribbs Causeway – 1 Holly Cottages 129 39.0 46.1 40.3 29.3 28.7 28.5 23.7 33.7 32.3 45.7 33.0 26.5 33.9 29.5 façade

Cribbs Causeway – 2 Mayfield 130 34.9 38.0 36.6 29.3 28.2 28.3 18.9 31.3 29.9 38.8 29.8 25.7 30.8 26.8 Cottages façade

Bradley Stoke - 188 Oaktree 131 41.2 49.7 42.4 34.4 30.0 28.9 22.9 34.6 33.5 40.9 27.8 22.4 34.1 29.6 Crescent

Hanham - 66 High Street 132 47.3 47.7 40.1 30.9 29.0 22.8 23.7 31.5 34.0 42.8 29.7 23.9 33.6 29.2 Café Boujour

Hambrook - 123 Old Gloucester 133 34.2 40.7 39.8 35.8 28.5 31.2 22.9 32.1 37.9 45.2 25.1 18.8 32.7 28.4 Road façade (dp)

Hambrook – Bristol Road 134 40.9 50.9 46.3 36.2 36.4 32.3 45.3 41.9 48.6 37.3 39.0 41.4 36.0 Old Bakery façade (dp)

Frenchay – Harford Drive 135 42.0 41.3 43.3 31.3 28.3 25.3 19.0 20.5 18.8 45.3 32.1 22.0 30.8 26.8 Dyrham Flats

Little Stoke – 26 Gipsy Patch Lane 136 50.6 34.2 31.0 20.6 17.0 18.1 14.2 21.9 22.7 33.4 21.9 19.9 25.5 22.1 façade (dp)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 78 South Gloucestershire Council

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Warmley - 35 High Street 137 60.4 66.6 65.0 51.6 37.4 42.2 33.7 44.3 44.9 58.0 42.4 49.7 43.2 (lp at façade)

Warmley - 18 High Street 138 57.5 64.9 46.8 35.6 33.9 34.7 37.5 40.1 36.6 45.8 44.1 39.5 43.1 37.5 façade (dp)

Warmley - 14 High Street 139 52.2 59.3 53.5 40.5 46.8 38.3 41.8 42.7 37.1 47.0 46.4 41.5 45.6 39.6 Webbs façade (dp)

Warmley - 2 Stanley Road 140 41.5 41.1 35.6 26.5 24.0 22.4 20.1 24.3 24.8 28.7 32.3 27.2 29.0 25.3 façade (dp)

Warmley - 41 Deanery Road 141 41.2 47.8 41.1 31.6 31.0 29.9 28.2 34.3 31.8 39.1 37.7 32.2 35.5 30.9 façade (dp)

Warmley - 33 Deanery Road 142 46.9 44.6 37.7 24.3 29.2 34.4 22.4 30.8 29.7 39.0 35.3 35.4 34.1 29.7 Warmley Court façade (dp)

Warmley - 1 High Street 143 33.5 42.9 33.8 25.2 26.4 23.2 21.0 28.6 28.5 35.4 25.8 29.5 25.6 Ideal Pharmacy façade (dp)

Warmley - 8 Tower Road North 144 42.2 45.0 37.8 26.0 25.0 23.5 19.5 25.5 27.1 33.4 31.9 28.4 30.4 26.5 façade (dp)

Warmley - 1 London Road 145 36.7 41.0 33.6 26.1 26.0 21.0 24.8 27.3 27.9 28.4 30.8 29.1 29.4 25.6 (Cycle Path)

Kingswood - 34 Hill Street 146 54.0 56.3 49.7 43.9 44.2 45.6 40.5 50.2 43.9 53.2 47.9 46.6 48.0 41.8 façade (dp)

Soundwell - 264 Soundwell Road 147 54.0 56.4 50.7 40.2 40.2 42.1 35.7 43.0 41.3 51.7 39.1 39.9 44.5 38.7 façade (dp)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 79 South Gloucestershire Council

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Site Annual Mean Site Name ID Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) Filton – 109 Gloucester Road North 148 41.3 50.6 51.5 41.5 32.5 26.4 26.5 39.4 43.0 55.1 34.5 27.3 39.1 34.0 façade (dp)

Filton – 707 Southmead Road façade 149 37.6 41.2 40.4 37.5 27.7 22.7 22.6 32.5 32.9 47.4 29.6 33.8 29.4 (dp)

Soundwell – 296 Soundwell Road 150 39.3 40.6 39.1 39.2 27.0 29.1 22.8 28.1 34.6 46.1 33.4 26.4 33.8 29.4 façade (dp)

Hambrook – Bristol Road 151 53.1 52.5 50.4 38.7 42.0 41.1 36.8 46.1 40.2 52.4 45.8 45.6 45.4 39.5 Old Bakery FP signpost

Bradley Stoke 188 Oaktree Crescent 152 n/o n/o n/o 37.2 28.3 28.0 35.7 35.1 47.4 27.8 23.7 32.9 28.6 lp49

Bradley Stoke – 153 n/o n/o n/o 20.3 17.1 15.5 14.1 19.7 23.7 29.3 28.1 20.5 20.9 18.2 141 Wheatfield Drive (façade)

Bradley Stoke - 166 Ellan Hay Road 154 n/o n/o n/o 20.5 20.5 17.6 14.9 24.0 24.8 35.1 28.6 25.8 23.5 20.5 (façade)

155 Stoke Gifford - 3 Earl Close (façade) n/o n/o n/o 14.7 14.4 14.4 15.1 21.5 21.6 31.2 23.9 20.7 19.7 17.2

156 Stoke Gifford - Lancelot Road lp1 n/o n/o n/o 17.1 19.1 16.0 16.4 23.0 26.5 36.2 25.3 26.4 22.9 19.9

Hambrook - Bristol Road 157 n/o n/o n/o n/o 28.2 27.9 28.3 31.3 31.7 37.3 34.4 29.0 31.0 27.0 Poplars House (façade)

Downend - 5 Wick Wick Close 158 n/o n/o n/o n/o n/o 23.8 23.1 32.5 36.6 48.7 24.3 18.0 29.6 25.7 (façade)

(1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 80 South Gloucestershire Council

Appendix C: Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring

The diffusion tubes are prepared and analysed by Somerset County Council Scientific Services. The tubes are prepared by the laboratory using 20% triethanolamine (TEA) in water. The laboratory participates in the AIR NO2 Proficiency Testing (PT) Scheme which started in April 2014 and incorporates the former Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP).

For nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes, this involves analysis of four diffusion tubes spiked with a known amount of nitrite every three months and comparison of the results of the participating laboratories. The results from the four AIR NO2 PT rounds (AR006, 007, 009 and 010) during 2015 for Somerset Scientific Services were 100% satisfactory26.

Data Ratification and Bias Adjustment

The diffusion tube results are examined on a monthly basis to identify any spurious data and any suspect data is investigated further. Trends in monitored levels across the diffusion tube sites are compared to take into account seasonal factors, such as changing weather patterns and increased traffic flows, and to detect any local changes at the sites, such as road works. The monthly raw data is then averaged for the calendar year to give an annual mean.

While diffusion tubes provide a simple, cost-effective way of monitoring a wide range of locations, the accuracy of the tubes can be variable depending on the laboratory preparation, handling and analysis. To overcome this, a Bias Adjustment Factor, is applied to the raw mean for the relevant monitoring period. This factor is calculated from monitoring sites where triplicate diffusion tubes are co-located with an automatic

NOx analyser by comparing results of the two measurement methods.

26 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion-tubes/qa-qc-framework.html

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 81 South Gloucestershire Council

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

National Bias Adjustment Factor

During 2015, the Council operated a co-location study at the Yate automatic monitoring site and the study was included in the national bias adjustment factors database provided by the LAQM Helpdesk. Combined bias adjustment factors from the local authority co-location studies are calculated for each laboratory that analyse diffusion tubes27.

The 2015 national bias-adjustment factor for Somerset Scientific Services obtained at the time the data was compiled for this report was 0.87 (spreadsheet version 03/16).

The co-location results show good tube precision (ability for a measurement to be consistently reproduced) in 2015 as detailed in the Summary of Precision Results for Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Co-location Studies, by Laboratory28 .

Factor from Local Co-location Study

The precision and accuracy spreadsheet available on the LAQM Tools Defra webpage29 was used to compare the triplicate co-located diffusion tubes with the automatic monitor in Yate and calculate a local bias adjustment factor for 2015 of 0.82 as shown in Figure C.1.

Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use

For 2015, the national bias adjustment factor (0.87) and local bias adjustment factor (0.82) compare reasonably well, with the national bias adjustment factor being slightly more conservative. Overall, and in order to be consistent with previous reports, it was considered more robust to use the national factor for 2015.

27 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/national-bias.html 28 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion-tubes/precision.html 29 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/local-bias.html

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 82 South Gloucestershire Council

Figure C.1C.1 20120155 Precision and Accuracy spreadsheet for Yate Co-location Study

Short-term to Long-term Data adjustment

Data capture for 2015 was 75% or above at all but the following three sites; 152, 157 and 158 as monitoring commenced part way through 2015. The results for these sites have been annualised as detailed in LAQM TG16 (Box 7.9).

Long-term data from four urban background monitoring sites from the national Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN)30 was used to calculate adjustment factors to annualise the short term data. The annual and period mean concentrations from the AURN monitoring sites, along with the average factor used to adjust the short term data, are shown in Table C.1 to Table C.3. Data was used where data capture for the relevant periods was greater than 85%. The period means were calculated for the actual diffusion tube exposure periods at the three sites.

30 https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/data_selector

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 83 South Gloucestershire Council

Table C.1 Data used to adjust short-term NO2 monitoring data to 2015 annual mean for Site 152

Raw Annualised Bias Bradley Stoke – 188 Oaktree Crescent Mean Mean 2015 Adjusted Site 152 (lp49) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Annualised Period: 2015 Apr – Jun, Aug – Dec Mean (µg/m3)

Annual Period AURN Site Mean Mean Ratio (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

Bristol St 26.3 24.8 1.057 Paul’s

Cardiff Centre 26.7 24.8 1.077

Cwmbran 11.6 10.5 1.102

Newport 20.8 19.3 1.078

Average 1.079 32.9 35.5 30.9 Ratio

Table C.2 Data used to adjust short-term NO2 monitoring data to 2015 annual mean for Site 157

Raw Annualised Bias Hambrook – Bristol Rd Poplars House Mean Mean 2015 Adjusted Site 157 façade (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Annualised Period: 2015 May - Dec Mean (µg/m3)

Annual Period AURN Site Mean Mean Ratio (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

Bristol St 26.3 24.6 1.069 Paul’s

Cardiff Centre 26.7 23.7 1.125

Cwmbran 11.6 9.8 1.186

Newport 20.8 18.3 1.137

Average 1.129 31.0 35.0 30.5 Ratio

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 84 South Gloucestershire Council

Table C.3 Data used to adjust short-term NO2 monitoring data to 2015 annual mean for Site 158

Raw Annualised Bias Downend – 5 Wick Wick Close façade Mean Mean 2015 Adjusted Site 158 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Annualised Period: 2015 Jun - Dec Mean (µg/m3)

Annual Period AURN Site Mean Mean Ratio (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

Bristol St 26.3 25.8 1.018 Paul’s

Cardiff Centre 26.7 23.1 1.156

Cwmbran 11.6 10.2 1.137

Newport 20.8 18.9 1.097

Average 1.102 29.6 32.6 28.4 Ratio

Distance Adjustment to façade

In 2015, there were three diffusion tube monitoring sites with measured exceedences (Sites 73, 75 and 78) and one borderline monitoring site (site 79), where the relevant exposure is set back from the monitoring sites. All of these sites are located within the Staple Hill AQMA. The monitoring results have been adjusted to the façade of the nearest relevant receptor using the nitrogen dioxide distance adjustment calculator on the LAQM Tools Defra webpage. Rather than represent the calculations for each site, the data and results from the calculator are presented in Table C.4. When the results are adjusted for distance, none of the sites are estimated to exceed at the façade and only site 75 remains borderline i.e. within 10% of the annual mean objective (>36 µg/m3).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 85 South Gloucestershire Council

Table C.4 Adjustment of nitrogen dioxide to the façade of the nearest receptors Monitor Annual mean Monitor distance to Receptor Site Background NO2 concentrations 2015 Adjusted to Site Name distance to relevant distance to No. 2015 (g/m3) (g/m3) adjusted for façade (g/m3) kerb (m) exposure kerb (m) bias (m) Staple Hill – 11 Soundwell 73 0.5 1.5 2.0 18.7 40.4 35.1 Road Starlight Staple Hill – 118 High Street 75 0.5 2.5 3.0 18.7 44.8 36.5 Santander Staple Hill – 9-11 Victoria 78 1.2 3.7 4.9 19.0 41.5 34.9 Street Staple Hill – 27-29 Victoria 79 1.2 3.3 4.5 19.0 37.5 32.4 Street 3 Exceedance of NO2 annual mean objective (40µg/m ) 3 Borderline within 10% of NO2 annual mean objective (>36µg/m )

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 86 South Gloucestershire Council

QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring

The automatic monitoring sites follow the QA/QC programme outlined below:

 Daily checks on the data to ensure analysers and communications are operating correctly and faults are reported as soon as possible

 Four-weekly calibration checks on the analysers using nationally traceable standard gases by Bristol City Council (BCC) under contract to South Gloucestershire Council

 Ad-hoc site inspections to check equipment operational status, site security, detect equipment malfunction and to change inlet filters

 Repairs as required and planned six monthly servicing and re-calibration of the analysers by EnviroTechnology Services under contract to South Gloucestershire Council.

Calibration methods

Calibration procedures are carried out four-weekly by BCC. The methodology for the calibration procedure, which includes a two point zero/span calibration check, is derived from the manufacturers’ instruction handbooks and from the AURN Site Operator’s Manual as follows:

 Pre-calibration check - the site condition and status of the analyser is recorded prior to the zero/span check being conducted

 Zero check – the response of the analyser to the absence of the gas being monitored

 Span check – the response of the analyser to the presence of the gas of a known concentration

 Post calibration check - the site condition and status of the analyser on completion of all checks.

Each analyser zero/span check is fully documented and the calibration factors are calculated and sent in site spreadsheets to SGC. These factors are then used in the data scaling and ratification process. The two point calibration is conducted on the

NOx analysers using a zero air scrubber and a reference nitric oxide (NO) mixture at a concentration of approximately 470 ppb, which is supplied and certified by BOC.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 87 South Gloucestershire Council

The contents of the portable scrubber used for zero air generation (hopcalite, activated charcoal, purafil and drierite) are changed when necessary or at least every six months.

Equipment Servicing and Maintenance

The automatic analysers and associated equipment are serviced and maintained on a planned schedule following manufacturers’ instructions. A six monthly full service and multi-point recalibration is carried out on the Yate NOx analyser under contract by the equipment suppliers; EnviroTechnology Services. The multi-point calibration involves the use of zero air, NO and NO2 calibration gases, which are again traceable to national standards, enabling the analyser data slope and offset factors to be reset. A check on the efficiency of the molybdenum converter is undertaken during the services.

The contract also covers unscheduled site visits and repairs, for example in the event of equipment failure, within a specified period of time to minimise data loss. Results of the servicing, calibrations and repairs are fully documented and stored centrally.

Data Processing, Validation and Ratification

Raw data from the Yate analysers is downloaded automatically twice a day to a designated PC via a modem and telephone line from the site. All data is collected by Opsis EnviMan software. The ComVisioner and Reporter modules of the EnviMan software allow full data manipulation and frequent checks on data measurements. The data outputs from the analysers are visually screened daily in-house using EnviMan Comvisioner to check for obvious erroneous data and equipment faults.

The data is then validated, scaled and ratified. This work is undertaken on behalf of South Gloucestershire Council by Air Quality Data Management (AQDM). Data validation involves visual examination of the monitoring data to check for any spurious or unusual measurements, such as large spikes, ‘flat-lines’ and excessive negative data. Suspicious data is “flagged” for further investigation. The data is scaled against the four weekly and full six monthly calibration data.

Data ratification involves a critical review of all the information relating to the dataset and monitoring location to amend, verify or delete data, as appropriate. Any initial spurious data that was flagged is re-examined during this process and removed if deemed appropriate. The original raw dataset is kept enabling any amendments to

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 88 South Gloucestershire Council the data to be traced and allows the data to be re-examined if necessary. Data is compared to weekly trends at nearby AURN sites. The ratified data is the final data presented in this report.

PM10 Monitoring Adjustment

The PM10 data measured by the Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM) at the Yate automatic monitoring site have been adjusted to gravimetric equivalent by using a factor of 0.83333.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 89 South Gloucestershire Council

Appendix D: Supporting Technical Information Screening of potential pollution sources

The following potential pollution sources, as detailed in LAQM TG16, have been considered to identify whether there are any new or significantly changed sources, or any new exposure near existing sources, since the 2015 Updating and Screening Assessment (USA).

Road Traffic Sources

No additional road traffic sources have been identified. This includes the following:

 Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb

 Busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic

 Roads with a high flow of heavy duty vehicles

 Junctions

 New roads constructed or proposed since last review and assessment

 Roads with significantly changed traffic flows

 Bus and coach stations

However, in terms of traffic generating proposals, there are a number of large scale developments likely, some of which have already come forward. All significant developments have been or will be fully assessed through the planning system to ensure that the potential impacts on air quality are quantified and fully understood.

To update from the 2015 USA, information on current major road transport projects in South Gloucestershire is included below.

Metrobus

Metrobus is a joint project for the West of England region between South Gloucestershire Council, Bristol City Council and North Somerset Council to provide a high capacity new express bus service using a combination of segregated busways and bus lanes giving people improved access to key employment, education and leisure destinations. Construction works started in early 2015 and are now well underway along the length of the route in South Gloucestershire.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 90 South Gloucestershire Council

Figure D.1 shows the construction underway of a new bridge over the M32 motorway in July 2016. The bridge will facilitate a bus only junction onto the motorway.

Figure D.1 Aerial view of Bridge Construction over M32

The Metrobus services are expected to start in 2017. This will introduce a higher flow of buses along the route, which predominantly makes use of existing road links upgraded to accommodate the Metrobus vehicles, as well as some sections of new road. The Metrobus vehicles will be low-emission.

Part of the Metrobus route runs along Highwood Road, Patchway. This road was previously a major dual carriageway route to Cribbs Causeway, but through traffic now uses the new Hayes Way route, which opened in 2010 and provides a direct link from the A38 to Cribbs Causeway. In October 2013, the northern carriageway of the road was permanently downgraded to a speed-restricted bus/taxi-only route. The southern half of the carriageway has been closed entirely and will be incorporated into a landscaped green open space, or ‘linear park’, running the length of Highwood Road.

The current flow of buses on Highwood Road is less than the criteria specified (2,500 vpd) in Table 7.1 in LAQM.TG16, requiring no further assessment at this stage. While there will be relevant exposure within 10m of the bus lanes in other locations along

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 91 South Gloucestershire Council the Metrobus route, it is not anticipated that the number of buses will exceed the criteria when Metrobus is operational. This will be reviewed however, in future assessments.

The planning application (PT14/1004/F) received for the Metrobus scheme (or North Fringe Hengrove Package (NFHP) as it was then known), was accompanied by an Environmental Statement which included an assessment of the air quality impacts.

Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) were predicted to remain below the relevant objectives, although when sensitivity testing was carried out, which assumed no reduction in background concentrations and vehicle emissions from the base year of 2011, an exceedance was predicted at one receptor.

However, it was predicted that an exceedance would occur at this receptor both with and without the scheme and that with the scheme, there appeared to be a slight beneficial effect on predicted concentrations at this receptor. Monitoring is already carried out at the façade of receptor in question (site 133) and was well below the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective in 2015 (28.4µg/m3) but the results will continue to be closely observed.

In 2015, seven new diffusion tube monitoring sites (sites 152 – 158) were set up to monitor the potential impacts of the Metrobus scheme. The 2015 monitoring results show nitrogen dioxide concentrations to be well below the annual mean objective at all of these sites. The monitoring will continue and be reviewed as necessary. No further work is required at this stage.

Further information about Metrobus can be found on the Travel West website31.

Stoke Gifford Transport Link

Construction work is well underway on this new single carriageway road, which runs from Parkway North in Stoke Gifford to the A4174 Ring Road at Harry Stoke. This new road will form part of the previously discussed Metrobus network. Figure D.2 shows the construction of the Stoke Gifford Transport Link underway in July 2016.

31 http://travelwest.info/metrobus

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 92 South Gloucestershire Council

Figure D.2 Construction of Stoke Gifford Transport Link

Monitoring of the potential impacts of the Metrobus Scheme, including the Stoke Gifford Transport Link, commenced in 2015. The monitoring will continue and be reviewed as necessary, for example if any new relevant exposure is introduced through residential development adjacent to road once it is completed and operational. Consequently, no further work is required at this stage.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 93 South Gloucestershire Council

Non-Road Transport Sources

No additional non-road transport sources have been identified since the 2015 USA. This includes the following:

 Airports

 Railways

 Ports

 Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM)

To update from the 2015 USA, the following information is included:

Electrification of Great Western Railway Line

The Department of Transport announced plans to electrify the Great Western Main Line to Cardiff via Bristol Parkway, and to Bath and Bristol Temple Meads in March 201132. A brand new fleet of Inter City Express trains were also given the go-ahead as part of the Intercity Express Programme (IEP). This will bring about faster journey times between Bristol and London. Electrified railways are quieter and more reliable than non-electrified railways and particularly benefit air quality as no air pollutants are emitted at the trackside because electric trains have zero emissions at the point of use.

The electrification project has been running behind schedule and is now due for completion in 2018/19.

Construction work on the train maintenance depot (Hitachi) at Stoke Gifford to service and maintain the new fleet of electric and bi-mode (diesel and electric) trains started in August 2013 and the site is nearing completion.

With regard to the new specified source of non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) in LAQM TG16, the example measures of how NRMM emissions from construction sites may be minimised, as specified in paragraph 7.25, are now recommended as a planning condition to the Planning Officer, where appropriate.

32 http://www.dft.gov.uk/news/press-releases/dft-press-20110301/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 94 South Gloucestershire Council

Industrial Sources

Industrial sources include the following:

 Industrial Installations

 Major Petrol Storage Depots

 Petrol Stations

 Poultry Farms

Industrial sources are controlled by the Environment Agency (EA) and by local authorities under the Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations and through the Clean Air Act. Details of the EA permitted installations (Part A1) in South Gloucestershire are available on the EA website33. Details of the Part A2 and B installations permitted by South Gloucestershire Council are available on our website34.

There was one new Part B industrial process in 2015; a vehicle resprayer (Permit Ref. LAEP B 081). The new process was assessed as part of the permitting process and is not likely to give rise to significant pollution emissions.

No other additional industrial sources in South Gloucestershire have been identified since the 2015 USA.

Severnside Energy Recovery Centre (PT09/5982/F)

Further to information provided in the 2015 USA, the construction of the Energy Recovery Centre is nearing completion. An Environmental Permit has been granted following scrutiny by the Environment Agency.

The Severnside Energy Recovery Centre (SERC) is anticipated as being capable of processing up to 400,000 tonnes per annum of non-recycled waste and having the capacity to generate up to 32 megawatts of electricity. SITA UK was granted planning permission to construct the energy from waste plant on land adjacent to Seabank Power Station and the former Terra Nitrogen plant at Severnside on appeal to the Secretary of State in September 2011.

33 http://epr.environment-agency.gov.uk/ePRInternet/searchregisters.aspx 34 http://www.southglos.gov.uk/documents/cos1000101.pdf

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 95 South Gloucestershire Council Commercial and Domestic Sources

Commercial and domestic sources include the following:

 Gas-Fired CHP combustion – Individual Installations

 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations

 Biomass Combustion – Combined Installations

 Other Solid Fuel Combustion

Apart from Biomass Combustion – Combined Installations, there were no new commercial and domestic sources identified in 2015, which require screening.

Biomass Combustion – Combined Installations

Numerous small biomass combustion units, while acceptable individually, may have a cumulative impact on PM10 concentrations. Some of South Gloucestershire is covered by a Smoke Control Area35 which allows only approved fuels and appliances to be used.

The Council’s Building Control Department collated the notifications of solid fuel equipment installations in South Gloucestershire during 2015 provided by HETAS; the official body recognised by the Government to approve solid fuel domestic heating appliances. The 2015 installations were considered in addition to the 2011 - 2014 installations to assess the cumulative impacts of the total known installations. Information on the type of fuel used was not available so it has been assumed that the installations could burn both biomass (wood) and other solid fuel. The postcodes of all the installations were mapped using GIS (Geographical Information System). A

500m grid was derived from this data and a total figure for PM10 emission per year was calculated according to the guidance in Box 7.3 LAQM TG16. The appliance type was assumed to be a stove. The PM10 emissions for the appliances were taken from the LAQM Tools Defra webpage36. The updated factors were applied retrospectively for all years considered. The fuel type was assumed to be biomass (wood) as this is the mostly likely fuel to be burnt, because the smoke control area only covers part of South Gloucestershire. Emissions per household were therefore 34.7 kg per year.

35https://www.southglos.gov.uk/environment-and-planning/pollution/pollution-control-clean-air-act-approval/smoke-control-areas/ 36 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/review-and-assessment/tools/combustion-emission-factors.html

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The emissions per 500m grid square were compared with the annual PM10 emission threshold in the nomogram 5.22 in LAQM TG(09) in the absence of the cumulative screening tool on the LAQM Tools Webpages as advised by the LAQM Helpdesk

(Ref: 3339). The 2015 maximum PM10 background concentration in South Gloucestershire from the background maps is 21.14 µg/m3. The highest emitting grid square (with 22 appliances) was located in Staple Hill, adjacent to the AQMA. Using the assumptions above, this grid square would emit 763 kg per year. From the 3 nomogram, the threshold for a 21 µg/m background PM10 concentration (as worse case) would be approximately 5000 kg PM10 per year, so the actual emissions are estimated to be well below the threshold. Even if each appliance was assumed to be a stove with “other solid fuel” as the primary fuel; the worse-case scenario at 39 kg per year per household, the maximum gird would emit 858 kg PM10 per year, which is still well under the threshold.

Most of the addresses listed appear to be domestic properties. It is quite probable that there is under-reporting of the number of properties burning solid fuel or biomass, due to people not notifying Building Control of work to their property to enable this. However, the threshold emission rate is high enough for PM10 to make this not a significant concern, although with the highest number of appliances located.in a grid square adjacent to the AQMA, consideration will be given to including appropriate action(s) to reduce this potential pollution source in the review of the Air Quality Action Plan.

A map showing the individual solid fuel installations and PM10 emissions (assuming biomass (wood) as the fuel) per 500m grid square is provided in Figure D.3.

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Figure D.3 Individual Solid Fuel Installations and PM10 Emissions per 500m Grid Square (Biomass as fuel)

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Fugitive or uncontrolled sources

Dust emissions from a range of fugitive or uncontrolled sources can give rise to elevated PM10 concentrations. Dust may arise from sources such as quarries, landfill sites, stockyards, construction sites and waste management sites, particularly from the handling of dusty materials, the passage of vehicles over unpaved roads, process dust, e.g. concrete cutting and wind-blown dust from stockpiles and dusty surfaces.

Fugitive emissions from quarries and landfill sites have been previously assessed and any complaints received are addressed under the procedures for permitted activities.

Dust Management Plans (DMPs), which are usually incorporated into Construction Environmental Management Plans (CEMPs), are routinely conditioned on major development planning permissions to control and minimise the risk of construction dust impacts on nearby sensitive receptors.

There were no new fugitive or uncontrolled sources identified in 2015.

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Appendix E: Maps

Maps of Current Air Quality Management Areas

Key AQMA boundary shown in red

© Crown copyright and database rights 2012 Ordnance Survey 100023410

Figure E.1 Cribbs Causeway AQMA (Declared 2010)

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Figure E.2 Staple Hill AQMA (Amended 2012)

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Figure E.3 Kingswood – Warmley AQMA (Amended 2015)

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Maps of Monitoring Locations

Maps of Automatic Monitoring Site

Figure E.4 Automatic Monitoring Site in South Gloucestershire – Yate

Figure E.5 Automatic Monitoring Site Yate - Station Road

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Maps of Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites

Figure E.6 All Diffusion Tube Sites showing locations of following Figures

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Figure E.7 Diffusion Tube Sites in Bristol North (Box 1 Figure E.6)

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Figure E.8 Diffusion Tube Sites in Cribbs Causeway (Box A Figure E.7)

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Figure E.9 Diffusion Tube Sites in Bristol East (Box 2 Figure E.6)

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Figure E.10 Diffusion Tube Sites in Staple Hill (Box B Figure E.9)

Figure E.11 Diffusion Tube Sites in Kingswood (Box C Figure E.9)

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Figure E.12 Diffusion Tube Sites in Warmley (Box D Figure E.9)

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Figure E.13 Diffusion Tube Sites in Kingswood & Warmley (Box E Figure E.9)

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Figure E.14 Diffusion Tube Sites in Yate and Chipping Sodbury (Box 3 Figure E.6)

Figure E.15 Diffusion Tube Sites in Winterbourne & Coalpit Heath (Box 4 Figure E.6)

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Figure E.16 Diffusion Tube Site in Thornbury (Box 5 Figure E.6)

Figure E.17 Diffusion Tube Sites in Severn Beach and Pilning (Box 6 Figure E.6)

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Appendix F: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table F.1 Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective37 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM10) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

37 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).

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Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

AURN Automatic Urban and Rural Network – a national automatic monitoring network

BAM Beta Attenuation Monitor (for PM10 measurement)

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

EU European Union

Exceedance A period of time where the concentration of a pollutant is greater than the appropriate air quality objective

JLTP Joint Local Transport Plan

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

WoE West of England Authorities (Bath & North East Somerset, Bristol City Council, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire Council)

µg/m3 Microgrammes per cubic metre

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References

Defra, 2016a. Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance (LAQM.PG16)

Defra, 2016b. Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance (LAQM.TG16)

South Gloucestershire Council, 2011b. Further Assessment of Air Quality in the Cribbs Causeway, Staple Hill and Kingswood AQMAs

South Gloucestershire Council, 2012a. Air Quality Action Plan: Kingswood and Staple Hill

South Gloucestershire Council, 2012b. 2012 Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment for South Gloucestershire Council

South Gloucestershire Council, 2014. Detailed Assessment of Warmley A420 2014

South Gloucestershire Council, 2016a. 2015 Air Quality Updating and Screening Assessment (incorporating 2014 Air Quality Progress Report)

South Gloucestershire Council, 2016b. Joint Strategic Needs Assessment

South Gloucestershire Council, 2016c. Annual Director of Public Health Report 2016

West of England Partnership, 2011. Joint Local Transport Plan 3

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