DOCSLIB.ORG

Of New Mexico Bulletin (/Fj

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Of New Mexico Bulletin (/Fj '!--{ )~, ~r .."f < J The Universitl? of New Mexico Bulletin (/fJ Prelirninar'B Report On the 1937 Excavations, Bc 50-51 Chaco Can,)?on, New Mexico With Some Distributional Analyses CHARLES BOHANNON DONOVAN SENTER NAN GLENN JOSEPH TOULOUSE, JR. FLORENCE HAWLEY HARRY TSCHOPIK, JR. CLYDE KLUCKHOHN MARY WHITTEMORE DOUGLAS OSBORNE RICHARD WOODBURY Edited by CLYDE KLUCKHOHN and PAUL REITER THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO BULLETIN Whole Number 345 October 15, 1939 Anthropological Series, Volume 3, No. 2 Published monthly in January, March, May, July, September, and November, and semi-monthly in February, April, June, August, October, and December by the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Entered as Second Class Matter, May 1, 1906. at the post office at Albuquerque, New Mexico, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894 UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO PRESS 1939 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments ____________________________________________ 5 Introduction ______________________ __ _________ _______________ 7 Part I-Excavation of the Refuse Mound Section A-Culture Complexes and Succession in the Refuse Mound, by Florence Hawley _________________________ 10 Section B-The Relation Between Cultural Levels and Soil Strata in the Refuse Mound, by Donovan Senter ________ 18 Section C-A Note on Structures of the Refuse Mound, by Clyde Kluckhohn __________________________________ 26 Part II-The Excavation of Bc 51 Rooms and Kivas, by Clyde Kluckhohn Section A-Introductory ________________________________ 30 Section B-Architectural Details of Rooms ______________ 30 Section C-Architectural Details of Kivas _________________ 34 Section D-Pottery Evidence __________________________ ___ 39 Section E-Dating and Discussion ____________________ ~__ 43 Part III-Description of Objects Found-With a Number of Dis­ tributional Studies Section A-Additions to Descriptions of Chaco Pottery Types, by Florence Hawley _____ _ __ __ 49 Section B-Utilized Minerals and Rocks and Their Sources, by Douglas Osborne ________________ _ ___________ 54 Section C-Ground and Pecked Stone Artifacts (Other Than Arrow-Shaft Tools), by Richard Woodbury __________ 58 Section D-Arrow-Shaft Tools, by Joseph Toulouse, Jr. ____ 80 Section E-Pro,iectile Points and Chipped Implements, by Charles Bohannon _________ _______ ___ _ 90 Section F -Artifacts of Perishable Materials, by Harry Tschopik, Jr. _____ 94 Section G-Artifacts of Bone, Antler, and Sheil, by Mary Whittemore _ __ ______________ ____ ___ _____ _ 131 Section H-Subsistence Remains, by Clyde Kluckhohn _ 147 Part IV-Discussion, by Clyde Kluckhohn ____________________ 151 Appendix A-A Few Means on the Physical Anthropological Series from Bc 50-51 _____ ______________________ 163 Appendix B-Bc 50 Substructures, by Nan Glenn_______ 166 Appendix C-Addenda to the Chaco Canyon Bibliography, com- piled by Clyde Kluckhohn _______________________________ 175 List of References CUed ____________________________________ 177 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS MAPS Map I-Plot of Excavations Be 50-51, and Profiles Insert facing page 30 Map 2-Distribution of Metates in the Southwest __________ ____ 64 Map 3-Distribution of Axes in the Southwest _______________ 69 Map 4-Distribution of Mauls aml Hammers in the SouthwesL_ 72 Map 5-Distribution of Mortars and Pestles in the Southwest __ 75 Map 6-Distribution of Arrow-Shaft Tools__________________ 82 Map 7-Coiled Basketrv in the Southwest: Present Distribution 112 Map 8-Coiled Basketry: Distribution During Pueblo III-IV ____ 117 Page Map 9-Coiled Basketry: Distribution During Basket Maker II- Pueblo II ______________________________________________ 121 FIGURES IN TEXT Fig. I-Grid of Refuse Mound________________________________ 10 Fig. 2-Sectional Profiles of Refuse Mound __________________ 11 Fig. 3-Profile of Section 6, Refuse Mound __________________ 12 Fig. 4-Pithouse and Slab-Lined Cists in Sections 1, 2, and 3, Refuse Mound _________________________________________ 27 Fig. 5-Ground Plans of Kivas _____________________________ 35 Fig. 6-Murals in Kiva 6 _________________________________ 39 Fig. 7-Scattered Human Bones in Room 5____________________ 45 Fig. 8-Arrow-Shaft Tool Types ______________ _______________ 80 Fig. 9-Possible Interrelationships of Arrowshaft Tool Types 88 Fig. 10-Basket Maker Knife _______________ ________________ 90 Fig. 11-Pueblo Type Projectile Point _________________________ 91 Fig. 12-Basket Maker Projectile Point ______________________ 92 Fig. 13-Drill ______________________________________________ 92 Fig. 14-Ground Plan of Bc 50 Substructure Excavations _______ 166 Fig. 15A-Architectural Details of Substructure 5, Bc 50 ______ 169 Fig. 15B-Architectural Details of Substructure 6 ____________ 169 TABLES Table I-Sherd Percentages of the Refuse Mound by Strata ___ 21 Table 2-Room and Kiva Sherd Percentages _____ Insert facing 41 Table 3-Cultural Associations of Burials ___________________ 47-48 Table 4-Hardness Tests of Sherds _________________________ 53 Table 5-Distribution of Materials of Arrow-Shaft Straighteners 87 Table 6-Key to Map 7 _____________________________________ 113 Table 7-Key to Map 8 _____________________________________ 119 Table 8-Key to Map 9 _____________________________________ 122 Table 9-Some Means and Ranges for Adult Male Crania (Deformed) ___________________________________________ 163 PLATES Plate I-General View of Bc 50-51 Plate 2-Bc 51 Masonry Plate 3-Kivas 1, 3, and 4 Plate 4-Cist Burial, Trenches 26, 27, and 28, Section 7 Plate 5A-Pit, Trenches 2 and 3, Sections 4, 5, and 6 Plate 5B-Chaco Black on White Effigy Jar Plate 6-Gallup and McElmo Black on White Pottery Plate 7-Red Mesa Black on White Pottery Plate 8-0ther Pottery Types Found at Bc 51 Plate 9-Drawings of McElmo Black on White Designs, by A. H. Gayton Plate 10-Drawings of McElmo and Mesa Verde Black on White Designs, by A. H. Gayton Plate 11-Drawings of Escavada, Red Mesa, Chaco, and Gallup Black on White Designs, by A. H. Gayton Plate 12-Bone Objects from Bc 51 Plate 13-Bone Objects from Bc 51 Plate 14-Bc 50 Substructures ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My thanks must go, first of all, to my co-authors who have borne so patiently my often trivial and pedantic criticisms, my suggestions for revision, compression, or inclusion of additional references after a typescript had attained to "final" form. I wish to express my appre­ ciation to Frank Hibben, J. A. Ford, and William Mulloy, whose excel­ lent field notes and drawings were indispensable in the preparation of the report. I am, likewise, grateful to Dr. Donald Brand, head of the Department of Anthropology, in the University of New Mexico, and to Mr. Fred Harvey, of the University of New Mexico Press, for long. continued generous and most helpful cooperation. To Mr. Donald Scott, director of the Peabody Museum of Harvard University, I am most warmly indebted for advice, encouragement, a critical reading of the manuscript, and for assistance on the part of his staff. My thanks, as well as those of the authors of the sections in question, are due to J. O. Brew, H. S. Colton, Emil Haury, Frank Hibben, Dorothea Kelly, J. Charles Kelley, Frank Setzler, Walter Taylor, Gene Weltfish, for reading portions of the manuscript and making suggestions. My re­ search assistants, Katherine Spencer and Robert Wood, scrupulously performed many tasks of tabulation and cross-checking, and my friend, David Winser, sacrificed a portion of his holiday on the altar of Table 2. To F. P. Orchard and Elmer Rising, of the Peabody Museum, I wish to express my appreciation for the care with which they photographed the distributional maps and prepared the drawings of Figs. 1, 3, 5, and 6, respectively. I thank A. H. Gayton most heartily for her drawings of potsherds, and I am deeply indebted to Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., for his courtesy in reading Part IV and giving me his reactions in some detail. My greatest debt is, undoubtedly, to my co-editor. Even before I pressed him into service as co-editor, he had assumed more than his fair share of the more thankless editorial tasks. If inaccuracies and obscurities have been removed from the text it is in large measure owing to Mr. Reiter's painstaking checking. On the other hand, he must not be held responsible for errors or for misguided interpretations for, on occasion, my collaborators and I were bold enough to disregard his advice. CLYDE KLUCKHOHN Chaco Canyon, New Mexico July 24, 1939. [5] INTRODUCTION By CLYDE KLUCKHOHN This preliminary report on the excavations of the University of New Mexico Field Session during August, 1937, is to be construed strictly as a supplement to the previously published account of the 1936 field work." Familiarity with this former monograph is presupposed, and the endeavor will be to avoid repetition here, presenting only new facts or new interpretations. To such topics as "The History of Research in the Chaco Canyon" and "The Natural Landscape," we have nothing substantial to add. The plates here published may appear to neglect certain subjects which would normally be more copiously illus­ trated. But here again our purpose is to supplement and we have, therefore, rejected photographs which would have tended to duplicate those already published. Even so, considerations of expense sharply delimited the greater richness of illustration which we should have liked. Since Bc 50 had already been reported upon in a rather detailed manner and since there was little in Bc 51 which was markedly dif­ ferent, it seemed proper to reduce the descriptive text to a succinct form, avoiding the proliferation of detail which would have been necessary in picturing a less familiar and more distinctive cultural variant. Minutiae of room measurements, for example, have not been systematically presented in all completeness. The general features are apparent from the plot of excavations (Map 1) and certain concrete details which seemed of significance are set forth in the text. If a specialist ever has need of a particular measurement not here pub­ lished, the original field notes (on deposit in the Department of Anthro­ pology, University of New Mexico) will always be available to him.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Mexico New Mexico
    NEW MEXICO NEWand MEXICO the PIMERIA ALTA THE COLONIAL PERIOD IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEst edited by John G. Douglass and William M. Graves NEW MEXICO AND THE PIMERÍA ALTA NEWand MEXICO thePI MERÍA ALTA THE COLONIAL PERIOD IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEst edited by John G. Douglass and William M. Graves UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO Boulder © 2017 by University Press of Colorado Published by University Press of Colorado 5589 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 206C Boulder, Colorado 80303 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The University Press of Colorado is a proud member of Association of American University Presses. The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State University, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Regis University, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, Utah State University, and Western State Colorado University. ∞ This paper meets the requirements of the ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). ISBN: 978-1-60732-573-4 (cloth) ISBN: 978-1-60732-574-1 (ebook) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Douglass, John G., 1968– editor. | Graves, William M., editor. Title: New Mexico and the Pimería Alta : the colonial period in the American Southwest / edited by John G. Douglass and William M. Graves. Description: Boulder : University Press of Colorado, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016044391| ISBN 9781607325734 (cloth) | ISBN 9781607325741 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Spaniards—Pimería Alta (Mexico and Ariz.)—History. | Spaniards—Southwest, New—History. | Indians of North America—First contact with Europeans—Pimería Alta (Mexico and Ariz.)—History.
    [Show full text]
  • CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Nos. 32 (1955) To
    REPORTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY No. 75 CHECK LIST AND INDEX TO REPORTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Nos. 32 (1955) to 74 (1968); CHECK LIST OF CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ARCHAE- OLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, No. 1 (1965) to No. 30 (1976) AND OTHER INFORMATION ON ACTIVITIES OF THE SURVEY AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY, 1948-1972. Robert F. Heizer ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY Department of Anthropology Berkeley 1972 Revised edition, 1976 REPORTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY No. 75 CHECK LIST AND INDEX TO REPORTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Nos. 32 (1955) to 74 (1968); CHECK LIST OF CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ARCHAE- OLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, No. 1 (1965) to No. 30 (1976) AND OTHER INFORMATION ON ACTIVITIES OF THE SURVEY AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY, 1948-1972. Robert F. Heizer ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY Department of Anthropology Berkeley 1972 Revised edition, 1976 PREFACE We provide here a brief index to Reports No. 32-74 (1955-1968) of the University of California Archaeological Survey, Berkeley (UCAS). This is intended as a continuation of the index of Reports No. 1-30 which was published in UCAS Report No. 31, 1955. To this index is added a check list of Reports No. 1-75 of the UCAS and a check list of Contributions, No. 1-30 of the Archaeological Research Facility of the Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley (ARF). Further, a brief history of the University of California Archaeological Survey and its successor, The Archaeological Research Facility, is provided, together with a listing of the manuscripts and maps filed with the Archaeological Research Facility, and a list showing numbers of archaeological sites in the permanent California site file maintained by the ARF.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 69, No. 225/Tuesday, November
    Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 225 / Tuesday, November 23, 2004 / Notices 68169 with physical features common to Archaeology and Historic Preservation archeological, ethnographic, historic, Ancient Puebloan populations. Cultural in 1999. No known individual was anthropological and linguistic literature, items associated with the burials are identified. No associated funerary and artifact analysis. Similarities in site diagnostic of Ancient Puebloan objects are present. Cranial morphology architecture and material culture technological traditions. Occupation of is consistent with physical features associated with the human remains are the Dark Mold dates to the Basketmaker common to Ancient Puebloan consistent with Ancient Puebloan II period, from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 500. populations. Ancient Puebloan sites in occupation of the southwestern United Prior to 2000, human remains the southwestern United States States from the Basketmaker I period representing a minimum of one generally date between approximately through the Pueblo III period (between individual were removed by staff from 1000 B.C. and A.D. 1300. approximately 1000 B.C. and A.D. the University of Colorado from an On an unknown date, human remains 1300). The archeological literature refers unspecified site in southwestern representing a minimum of two to this widespread cultural tradition as Colorado. The human remains (OAHP individuals were removed by an ‘‘Anasazi,’’ ‘‘Ancestral Puebloan,’’ or Case Number 176) were transferred to unknown individual from an unknown ‘‘Ancient Puebloan.’’ Cranial the Colorado Office of Archaeology and site in Montezuma County, CO. The modification is common to many Historic Preservation in 2000. No human remains (OAHP Case Number Ancient Puebloan remains and is known individual was identified.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rambler January 1998 Volume 75 Number 1 Managing Editors to the WMC Office
    The Rambler January 1998 Volume 75 Number 1 Managing Editors to the WMC office. Leave hand deliveries in the Blue box Kathy Anderson and Rob Merritt outside the door. The deadline is 6:00 PM on the 15th of the ADVERTISING Jaelene V. Myrup month. Photos of all kinds, B&W and color prints, and slides CLASSIHED ADS Sue deVall will be accepted. Make sure that the photo is labeled with the MAILlNG' <vacant> photographer, date, and names of people. Unless a stamped, PRODUCTION Kathy Anderson and Rob Merritt self-addressed envelope is provided, returned submissions will be available in the Red box outside The Rambler (USPS 053-410) is published monthly by The WMCPurpose WASATCH MOUNTAIN CLUB, Inc., 1390 S., llOO E., suite. (Article II of the WMC Constitution) 103, Salt Lake City, UT 84105-2461. Telephone 463-9842. The pmpose shall be to promote the physical and spiritual well Subscription rates of $12.00 per year are paid for by being of its members and others by outdoor activities: to unite membership dues only. Periodicals postage paid at Salt Lake the energy, interests and knowledge of students, explorers and City, Utah. lovers of the mountains, deserts and rivers of Utah; to collect POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Rambler, and disseminate information regarding the Rocky Mountains in Membership Director, 1390 S, llOO E., Salt Lake City, UT behalf of science, literature and art; to explore and picture the 84105-2443. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: This publication is not scenic wonders of this and surrounding states; and to foster forwarded by the Post Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Plain Pots: a Study of Late Woodland Pottery in Central Alabama by Jason Mann and Richard Krause
    Bulletin 27 November 30, 2009 Plain Pots: A Study of Late Woodland Pottery in Central Alabama By Jason Mann and Richard Krause Discovery and Excavation of the Moundville Earth Lodge By Vernon James Knight Analysis of Daub from Mound V, Moundville: Its Role as an Architectural Indicator By Jeffery L. Sherard Analysis of Wood Charcoal from an Earth Lodge on Mound V at Moundville By Amanda Tickner BULLETIN ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The scientific publication of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. Dr. Phil- lip Harris, Editor. BULLETIN ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is published by the Alalabama Museum of Natural History, a unit of The University of Alabama. The BULLETIN succeeds its predecessor, the MUSEUM PAPERS, which was ter- minated in 1961 upon the transfer of the Museum to the University from its parent organization, the Geological Survey of Alabama. The BULLETIN is devoted primarily to scholarship and research concerning the natural history of Alabama and the Southeast. It appears twice yearly in conse- cucutively numbered issues. Communication concerning manuscripts, style, and editorial policy should be addressed to: Editor, BULLETIN ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, The University of Alabama, Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0345; tele- phone (205) 348-1831 or emailed to [email protected]. Prospective authors should examine the Notice to Authors inside the back cover. Orders and requests for general information should be addressed to BULLE- TIN ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATUTURAL HISTORY, at the above address or emailed to [email protected]. Yearly subscriptions (two issues) are $30.00 for individuals, $50.00 for corporations and institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Correlating Biological
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Correlating Biological Relationships, Social Inequality, and Population Movement among Prehistoric California Foragers: Ancient Human DNA Analysis from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Site). A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Cara Rachelle Monroe Committee in charge: Professor Michael A. Jochim, Chair Professor Lynn Gamble Professor Michael Glassow Adjunct Professor John R. Johnson September 2014 The dissertation of Cara Rachelle Monroe is approved. ____________________________________________ Lynn H. Gamble ____________________________________________ Michael A. Glassow ____________________________________________ John R. Johnson ____________________________________________ Michael A. Jochim, Committee Chair September 2014 Correlating Biological Relationships, Social Inequality, and Population Movement among Prehistoric California Foragers: Ancient Human DNA Analysis from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Site). Copyright © 2014 by Cara Rahelle Monroe iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completing this dissertation has been an intellectual journey filled with difficulties, but ultimately rewarding in unexpected ways. I am leaving graduate school, albeit later than expected, as a more dedicated and experienced scientist who has adopted a four field anthropological research approach. This was not only the result of the mentorships and the education I received from the University of California-Santa Barbara’s Anthropology department, but also from friends
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    Edward P. Dozier: A history of Native- American discourse in anthropology. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Norcini, Marilyn Jane. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 19:56:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187248 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript ,has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete mannscript and there are mjssjng pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiD indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and contim1jng from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Emil Haury
    32 ARIZONA ANTHROPOLOGIST CENTENNIAL Remembering Emil Haury Raymond H. Thompson Professor Emeritus of Anthropology, Former Director of the School of Anthropology & Arizona State Museum University of Arizona I am honored and pleased to Cave in the Arizona State Muse- have this opportunity to review um, and greatly facilitated my the life of Emil Haury, but first I pursuit of you know whom. At must conform to the ethical stan- the end of the following summer, dards of modern scholarship and Emil played a key role in getting disclose to you that I am an un- us married. He consoled her par- abashed great admirer of him. ents by assuring them that the im- Although I try to avoid using poverished graduate student who the perpendicular pronoun, a was taking their youngest daugh- brief explanation is in order. After ter Molly far away from the ranch a tour of duty in the north Pacific was somehow reliable. He bought with the U.S. Navy Seabees, I re- me a suit, a shirt, and a tie, drove turned to Tufts University to com- me to Tombstone to watch us get plete the education that had been married on this very day sixty-six interrupted by World War II. I ap- years ago, and then put us on the plied to Haury’s new archaeolog- train to Cambridge so that I could ical field school at Point of Pines complete my graduate studies at in Arizona. He accepted me as one Harvard University. Emil, who of the twenty lucky students and I continued to foster my career, spent the summer of 1947 happily soon hired me as an Assistant confirming my boyhood desire to Professor and within a few years be an archaeologist.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of Ocmulgee National Monument
    FINAL REPORT September 2014 Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of Ocmulgee National Monument for the National Park Service Task Agreement No. P11AT51123 Deborah Andrews Peter Collings Department of Anthropology University of Florida Dayna Bowker Lee 1 I. Introduction, by Deborah Andrews 6 II. Background: The History of Ocmulgee National Monument 8 A. The Geography of Place 8 B. Preservation and Recognition of Ocmulgee National Monument 10 1. National Monument Designation 10 2. Depression Era Excavations 13 C. Research on and about Ocmulgee National Monument 18 III. Ethnohistory and Archaeology of Ocmulgee National Monument 23 A. The Occupants and Features of the Site 23 1. The Uchee Trading Path 24 2. PaleoIndian, Archaic and Woodland Eras 27 3. The Mississippian Mound Builders 37 4. The Lamar Focus and Migration 47 5. Proto-historic Creek and Spanish Contact 56 6. Carolina Trading Post and English Contact 59 7. The Yamassee War 64 8. Georgia Colony, Treaties and Removal 66 B. Historic Connections, Features and Uses of the Site 77 1. The City of Macon 77 2. Past Historic Uses of the Site 77 a. The Dunlap Plantation 78 b. Civil War Fortification 80 c. Railroads 81 2 d. Industry and Clay Mining 83 e. Interstate 16 84 f. Recreation and Education 85 C. Population 87 IV. Contemporary Views on the Ocmulgee National Monument Site, by Dayna Bowker Lee 93 A. Consultation 93 B. Etvlwu: The Tribal Town 94 C. The Upper and Lower Creek 98 D. Moving the Fires: The Etvlwv in Indian Territory, Oklahoma 99 E. Okmulgee in the West 104 F.
    [Show full text]
  • Archeology of the Funeral Mound, Ocmulgee National Monument, Georgia
    1.2.^5^-3 rK 'rm ' ^ -*m *~ ^-mt\^ -» V-* ^JT T ^T A . ESEARCH SERIES NUMBER THREE Clemson Universii akCHEOLOGY of the FUNERAL MOUND OCMULGEE NATIONAL MONUMENT, GEORGIA TIONAL PARK SERVICE • U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 3ERAL JCATK5N r -v-^tfS i> &, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fred A. Seaton, Secretary National Park Service Conrad L. Wirth, Director Ihis publication is one of a series of research studies devoted to specialized topics which have been explored in con- nection with the various areas in the National Park System. It is printed at the Government Printing Office and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price $1 (paper cover) ARCHEOLOGY OF THE FUNERAL MOUND OCMULGEE National Monument, Georgia By Charles H. Fairbanks with introduction by Frank M. Settler ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER THREE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR • WASHINGTON 1956 THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM, of which Ocmulgee National Monument is a unit, is dedi- cated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and his- toric heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people. Foreword Ocmulgee National Monument stands as a memorial to a way of life practiced in the Southeast over a span of 10,000 years, beginning with the Paleo-Indian hunters and ending with the modern Creeks of the 19th century. Here modern exhibits in the monument museum will enable you to view the panorama of aboriginal development, and here you can enter the restoration of an actual earth lodge and stand where forgotten ceremonies of a great tribe were held.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology of Regional Interaction: Religion, Warfare, And
    CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vii FOREWORD xi PREFACE xv 1. CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF REGIONAL INTERACTION IN THE 1 PREHISTORIC SOUTHWEST Michelle Hegmon, Kelley Hays-Gilpin, Randall H. McGuire, Alison E. Rautman, Sarah H. Schlanger PART 1: REGIONAL ISSUES AND REGIONAL SYSTEMS 2. WHAT IS A REGIONAL SYSTEM? ISSUES OF SCALE AND INTERAC- 25 TION IN THE PREHISTORIC SOUTHWEST Jill E. Neitzel 3. REGIONAL INTERACTION AND WARFARE IN THE LATE PREHIS- 41 TORIC SOUTHWEST Steven A. LeBlanc 4. SCALE, INTERACTION, AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS IN LATE PUEBLO 71 PREHISTORY Andrew I. Duff 5. REGIONAL INTERACTIONS AND REGIONAL SYSTEMS IN THE 99 PROTOHISTORIC RIO GRANDE Winifred Creamer 6. REGIONAL APPROACHES WITH UNBOUNDED SYSTEMS: THE 119 RECORD OF FOLSOM LAND USE IN NEW MEXICO AND WEST TEXAS Daniel S. Amick PART 2: INTERREGIONAL ECONOMIES AND EXCHANGE 7. THEORIZING THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SOUTHWESTERN EX- 151 CHANGE Dean J. Saitta 8. NETWORKS OF SHELL ORNAMENT EXCHANGE: A CRITICAL AS- 167 SESSMENT OF PRESTIGE ECONOMIES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN SOUTHWEST Ronna J. Bradley 9. EXCHANGES, ASSUMPTIONS, AND MORTUARY GOODS IN PRE- 189 PAQUIMÉ CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO John E. Douglas v vi Contents 10. POTTERY, FOOD, HIDES, AND WOMEN: LABOR, PRODUCTION, 209 AND EXCHANGE ACROSS THE PROTOHISTORIC PLAINS–PUEBLO FRONTIER Judith A. Habicht-Mauche PART 3: BEYOND THE BORDERS OF THE TRADITIONAL SOUTHWEST 235 11. SCALE, INNOVATION, AND CHANGE IN THE DESERT WEST: A MACROREGIONAL APPROACH Steadman Upham 12. LIFE AT THE EDGE: PUEBLO SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTHERN NE- 257 VADA Margaret M. Lyneis 13. FREMONT FARMERS: THE SEARCH FOR CONTEXT 275 Richard K. Talbot 14. PREHISTORIC MOVEMENTS OF NORTHERN UTO–AZTECAN 295 PEOPLES ALONG THE NORTHWESTERN EDGE OF THE SOUTH- WEST: IMPACT ON SOUTHWESTERN POPULATIONS Mark Q.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Stream Inventory
    Chihuahueños Creek Stream Inventory Report 2005 - DRAFT 2 TABLE of CONTENTS WATERSHED MAP 4 INTRODUCTION 5 BASIN SUMMARY 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS 13 REACH BY REACH COMPARISON 16 TRIBUTARIES 18 STREAM FLOW 21 WATER TEMPERATURE 24 RIPARIAN and UPLAND VEGETATION 29 BEAVER ACTIVITY 29 FISHERIES 32 PREVIOUS SURVEYS 36 WILDLIFE SPECIES 38 STREAM IMPROVEMENTS 38 LAND USE 40 ROADS 42 RECREATION 43 TIMBER 44 FIRE 44 STOCK GRAZING 45 RECOMMENDATION SUMMARY 47 RIPARIAN 47 LARGE WOODY DEBRIS 48 NATIVE FISH POPULATIONS 48 REACH SUMMARIES 50 REACH 1: MOUTH OF CHIHUAHUEÑOS CREEK to AN INCREASE IN VALLEY WIDTH, DECREASE IN GRADIENT, AND CHANGE IN ROSGEN CHANNEL TYPE FROM AN A TO C 51 Habitat Characteristics 68 Recommendations REACH 2: INCREASE IN VALLEY WIDTH, DECREASE IN GRADIENT, AND CHANGE IN ROSGEN CHANNEL TYPE FROM AN “A” TO “C” to AN INCREASE IN VALLY WIDTH AT FIRST EXCLOSURE ABOVE FR 448 63 Habitat Characteristics 68 Recommendations 70 REACH 3: INCREASE IN VALLY WIDTH AT FIRST EXCLOSURE ABOVE FR 448 to SIGNIFICANT DRY TRIBUTARY ENTERING ON LEFT BANK 71 Chihuahueños Creek Stream Inventory Report 2005 - DRAFT 3 Habitat Characteristics 75 Recommendations 76 REACH 4: SIGNIFICANT DRY TRIBUTARY ENTERING ON LEFT BANK to CAÑADA DE LA MORA 77 Habitat Characteristics 75 Recommendations REACH 5: CAÑADA DE LA MORA to FISH BARRIER AND CHANGE IN VALLEY TYPE 79 Habitat Characteristics 83 Recommendations 85 REACH 6: FISH BARRIER AND CHANGE IN VALLEY TYPE to HEADWATERS 87 Not Formally Surveyed Chihuahueños Creek Stream Inventory Report 2005 - DRAFT 4 APPENDIX A 125 APPENDIX B 126 APPENDIX C 128 GLOSSARY 130 LITERATURE CITED 132 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 137 Not Formally Surveyed Chihuahueños Creek Stream Inventory Report 2005 - DRAFT 5 Chihuahueños 2005 Survey Map 1.
    [Show full text]