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TECHNOLOGY TOOLS of the TRAD E

and white—and has a plastic an ID and password each time. sage and gives you the choice case with the back and sides A number of other improve - to view or ignore it. Or you can milled from a single piece of ments include a five-element, immediately switch to the spe - polycarbonate. Apple has also eight-megapixel f/2.2 photo cific Galaxy device you received made covers of soft-feel silicon , two flashes for cor - the message on by using the to coordinate with the 5c . rection, automatic image stabi - Smart Relay feature. An internal steel frame adds lization, face detection and geo - A built-in speaker lets you strength to the body. tagging, panorama and burst make hands-free calls, and S The iPhone 5s is available in mode for best picture choice, Voice enables you to draft mes - Apple iPhones slate, , and gold models. It 1,080- HD video, and 120 sages, create new calendar en - As promised, Apple released also has a new basic chip, the frames-per-second . tries, set alarms, and check the two new iPhones in September, A7 with an M7 motion co - The four-inch retina display has replacing the iPhone 5 with two processor. Both phones are on a resolution of 1,136  640. new versions: the iPhone 5s and iOS 7, which was rolled out two An improved Siri system has the 5c. weeks after the announcement, Wikipedia inline Web and photo Designed to capture the and the new operating system searches. www.apple.com China market, the iPhone 5c will includes a Pandora competitor, retail at $99 for 16GB of inter - iTunes Radio. In addition, all Galaxy Gear nal memory and $199 for 32GB new iOS 7 devices come loaded The rumors were that just about of memory with a two-year con - with a suite of iWork applica - everybody was working on a tract. It has a four-inch retina tions, including Keynote, Pages, computer you would wear as a screen, an A6 chip, an eight- and Numbers, which are pro - wristband. If those rumors were megapixel rear , and a ductivity apps compatible with true, then Samsung beat them new FaceTime camera. The 5c Microsoft Office (PowerPoint, all to market. The Galaxy Gear, weather. Voice Memo captures comes in a choice of five Word, and Excel). All built-in according to Samsung, “frees spoken memos and transfers colors—green, blue, yellow, red, apps have been reengineered users from the need to con - them to your Samsung Galaxy for the 64-bit processor, which stantly check their smart devices devices as texts. Memographer will run 32-bit apps as well. while maintaining connec - transfers photos or video cap - The 5s also has a new finger - tions…allowing users to choose tured on the Gear’s 1.9- print Touch ID that lets you lock how, why, when, and where megapixel camera. As a watch, and unlock the phone with the they are connected.” the Gear has several face op - touch of a finger. You can regis - The device keeps you con - tions for style preferences— ter more than one finger, and nected to all of your Galaxy de - 10 clock options are preloaded, the Touch ID also works to vali - vices, notifying you of incoming and more are available in the date purchases at the App Store calls, texts, e-mails, and alerts. It Samsung Apps Store. rather than you having to enter displays a preview of the mes - The Gear is available in six

58 STRATEGIC FINANCE I October 2013 TECH FORUM

Creative Destruction— Through a Lens By Michael Castelluccio, Editor

Disruptive new technologies are rarely incremental in colors: jet black, mocha gray, their impact. They can spin things completely around or wild orange, oatmeal beige, rose even bury them. Ask the employees at , one of gold, and lime green. It features America’s legendary companies and the long-time manu - an 800 MHz processor, a 1.63" 19% tighter grid for a better facturer and manager of American . The Super AMOLED (320  320) touch-response, allowing for a 125-year-old institution was tipped over by digital display, 512MB of RAM, and lighter touch to turn the pages. photography—technology that captured images in files 4GB internal memory. It has an A new page flip lets you go to rather than on —and is only just beginning to crawl accelerometer and a gyroscope, another page while simultane - out from under the remains of its collapse. It will emerge Bluetooth v. 4.0, and a standard ously remaining on the page from Chapter 11 bankruptcy this year, limiting itself to Li-ion 315 mAh battery. The pe - you were reading so that you commercial printing and imagery as well as touch sensor dometer, stopwatch, and timer can skim, scan by chapter, or solutions. work with the MyFitnessPal and check an earlier reference. A Ironically, the first recorded attempt to build a digital RunKeeper apps. new Free Time function encour - camera was in Rochester, N.Y., in 1975 by an Eastman www.samsung.com ages kids to spend more time Kodak engineer named Steven Sasson. At that time, Kodak reading and tracks their reading had an almost 90% share of all photographic film sales in Kindle time, vocabulary look-ups, and the United States. Yet even though the movement from Paperwhite gives achievement badges when the silver particles of film to digital began in its labs, The latest version of Amazon’s they reach milestones. Kodak stuck with its legacy business model, which was e-ink e-reader includes a num - Look-ups have been en - eventually picked up and dropped on its head by digital. ber of significant improvements hanced with an improved Vo - To appreciate just how far has carried that will likely ensure a continu - cabulary Builder. The Goodreads us from the world of and to phones and ing hold on the best-selling ac - e-reading community is now in - the cloud, let’s revisit 1975, when film was the medium colade. Tablets are still generally tegrated on the Kindle. The bat - and there were no files—just negatives, slides, and prints. limited to indoor or low- tery life is still amazing—eight situations. The latest sixth gen - weeks of reading on a charge— 1975 eration Kindle Paperwhite has and you can carry a library of If you were an in 1975, your cam - the reflected-light e-ink surface more than 1,000 books on a era was likely a 35mm SLR (single-lens reflex) or a that most closely imitates paper device that weighs 7.3 oz. and rangefinder. Both were heavy enough to require a wide pages, but it also has a built-in measures 6.7"  4.6"  0.36". canvas or leather neck strap. The basic difference between light for reading in low-light You can purchase books in - the was how you looked through them. With an situations. stantly over Wi-Fi networks or SLR, you saw through the lens via a tilted , while Other improvements include free over AT&T hotspots. You the rangefinder had a window that provided a parallel a 25% faster processor so also can borrow books from view of what the lens saw. The SLR had a focus ring on books open and pages turn your public library. The basic the lens that could be twisted to make the fuzzy image even more quickly than before. Wi-Fi version is $119. sharp, or you could line up two continued on next page An improved touch screen has a www.amazon.com

October 2013 I STRATEGIC FINANCE 59 TECHNOLOGY TECH FORUM

separated images into one with the rangefinder. circulating water. The final step was to pin it up on a line to Film, typically 35mm, was available in color or black-and- air dry. white for prints or color slides. You bought it in either 24- or This process was pretty complicated, moderately time 36-frame rolls. Once loaded, you shot the whole roll before consuming, and definitely accompanied by a moderate moving onto the next one. The were available in differ - learning curve. ent speeds, so you had to commit ahead of time to either low-light film that would produce grainier images or the TODAY slower, high-resolution films for brighter light or situa - Now consider the camera you reach for these days when the tions. Remember those old of professionals first snow starts falling or one of the kids does something with three or more cameras hanging around their necks— cute. Your phone, right? Do you need to load the right kind each camera probably had film with a different speed. of film, check the F-stop, or even focus the thing? No. And You could buy a fixed-focus camera with an automatic the time lag between touching the and seeing the , but most people chose flexibility by using cameras photo? That’s about 0.5 seconds. And then sending a copy that had built-in light meters and the choice of shutter to the aunts and uncles via e-mail or posting it on Face - speeds for different situations. You would adjust the F-stop book? Two minutes, maybe. And where was the camera (lens opening) and before focusing each pic - when you needed it? In your pocket? Is it any wonder that ture. And even then, you wouldn’t know how the photo had and the family SLR just couldn’t compete in come out for days, a week, or more! Or you could develop this segment of the market? your own film and print the negatives, which many people Consider the camera on the new iPhone 5s. It’s just one did. Even the smallest camera stores carried chemicals and of several accessories for the phone, but think about what it equipment for creating your prints on the same day you can do. The basic lens is a five-element, fast f/2.2, with a shot them. You could outfit a home with a basic protective sapphire crystal lens cover. There’s a True Tone Vivitar, Omega, or Durst , trays, chemicals, paper, flash that adjusts the to different condi - and other supplies for less than $100. tions, and it has both autofocus and tap-to-focus. To get the The process involved an interesting reversal. Instead of a best shot, you can use a burst mode that takes 10 photos per camera that registered lighted images it saw through a lens, second, and then you can select the one with best the darkroom enlarger projected light through the or focus. Actually, the camera will place a dot beneath the and lens onto in an easel below. You one it senses is best, but you have the final choice. There’s a did this in a darkened room (or closet), with only a small panorama mode to take wide angle photos automatically, amber-filtered that produced a frequency of light and much more. It’s no surprise that phone cameras like the the paper was blind to. Three trays of chemicals sat along - iPhones are eliminating small-format digital point-and- side the enlarger, each with an unpleasant smelling mixture shoot cameras. that you prepared from concentrates at very specific temper - With digital, you can shoot in black-and-white or color atures. A timer stood nearby to measure the exposure of the with just a tap of a button—or you can do both simultane - paper to the enlarger’s lighted negative, and a magnifier let ously. The color selections are available through processing you focus the grains of the projected image before you put a apps applied later. , captioning, exotic photo effects sheet of paper in the easel below. (like solarization or posterizing), conversion to line draw - Developing black-and-white photos was a step-by-step ings, paintings, cartoons, and comic book coloring are avail - process. (Color photos were more complex and involved able in the app stores for iOS and Android. What once took very finicky tolerances.) The first step to developing a black- photo retouchers, graphic artists, and Photoshop jockeys and-white print was to put the paper in a developer bath. hours is now available with a swipe and a tap. Actually, if You could watch the image appear on the paper while pok - you’re into doing the work yourself, there’s a lightweight ing it with rubber-tipped tongs. Then you transferred it to version of Touch for $10 that’s designed an acetic acid bath. It would only be in there for a few sec - for smartphone cameras and tablets. onds before you transferred it to the fixative tray. It would How Kodak missed this juggernaut the first time around be in the tray for a few minutes as the fix stopped the devel - is still a mystery, but they’re now back and contributing opment, and then it went into a tub for a half-hour wash in again. SF

60 STRATEGIC FINANCE I October 2013