molecules Review Contributions from Mexican Flora for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Molecules of Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H. Rob & Brettell Manuel Jiménez-Estrada 1,*, Maira Huerta-Reyes 2, Rosario Tavera-Hernández 1 , J. Javier Alvarado-Sansininea 1 and Ana Berenice Alvarez 1 1 Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico;
[email protected] (R.T.-H.);
[email protected] (J.J.A.-S.);
[email protected] (A.B.A.) 2 Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +52-(55)56224430 Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is cited as a serious worldwide health problem that occupies second place in causes of annual mortality in Mexico. Among Mexican flora, nearly 300 plant species have been employed as hypoglycemic in popular use. Thus, their study entertains great relevance In this context, this work contributes a clear and timely review of the plant species utilized Citation: Jiménez-Estrada, M.; in Traditional Mexican Medicine and experimental biological models in which not only have the Huerta-Reyes, M.; Tavera-Hernández, hypoglycemic properties of the extracts and the isolated compounds been considered, but also R.; Alvarado-Sansininea, J.J.; Alvarez, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, taking into account an integral focus based on A.B. Contributions from Mexican the complex mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and physiopathology of DM. Among the Flora for the Treatment of Diabetes Psacalium decompositum Mellitus: Molecules of Psacalium species reviewed, we highlight (Asteraceae), due to the potent hypoglycemic, decompositum (A.