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A New Late Agenian (Mn2a, Early Miocene) Fossil Assemblage from Wallenried (Molasse Basin, Canton Fribourg, Switzerland)

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A New Late Agenian (Mn2a, Early Miocene) Fossil Assemblage from Wallenried (Molasse Basin, Canton Fribourg, Switzerland) Pala¨ontol Z DOI 10.1007/s12542-015-0275-3 RESEARCH PAPER A new Late Agenian (MN2a, Early Miocene) fossil assemblage from Wallenried (Molasse Basin, Canton Fribourg, Switzerland) 1,2,3 1,4 5 Bastien Mennecart • Bertrand Yerly • Pierre-Olivier Mojon • 6 2,7 8,9 1,2,10 Chiara Angelone • Olivier Maridet • Madelaine Bo¨hme • Claudius Pirkenseer Received: 5 December 2014 / Accepted: 15 September 2015 Ó Pala¨ontologische Gesellschaft 2015 Abstract Excavations of two fossiliferous layers in the us to pinpoint the biostratigraphic age of Wallenried to late Wallenried sand- and marl pit produced a very diversified MN2a. The biostratigraphic age conforms todata derived from vertebrate fauna. New material allows the reassessment of the the charophyte assemblages and confirms the oldest occur- taxonomic position of the ruminant taxa Andegameryx ande- rence of venomous snake fangs. The palaeoenvironmental gaviensis and endemic Friburgomeryx wallenriedensis.An context is quite complex. Sedimentary structures and fauna emended diagnosis for the second species is provided and (fishes, frogs, salamanders, ostracods) are characteristic for a additional material of large and small mammals, as well as humid, lacustrine environment within a flood plain system. ectothermic vertebrates, is described. The recorded Lago- morpha show interesting morphological deviations from other Keywords Biostratigraphy Á Palaeoenvironment Á Central European material, and probably represent a unique Mammalia Á Reptilia Á Ostracoda Á Charophyta transitional assemblage with a co-occurrence of Titanomys, Lagopsis and Prolagus. Rodentia and Eulipotyphla belong to Kurzfassung Grabungen in fossilreichen Schichten der typical and well-known species of the Agenian of the Swiss Sandgrube Wallenried ergaben eine artenreiche Wirbel- Molasse Basin. Abundant small mammal teeth have allowed tierfauna. Neues Material ermo¨glicht die Evaluation des & Claudius Pirkenseer 3 CR2P-Centre de Recherches sur la Pale´obiodiversite´ et les [email protected] Pale´oenvironnements, UMR 7207, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UPMC, Sorbonne Universite´s, Bastien Mennecart MNHN, CP38, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France [email protected] 4 Laboratoire Romand de Dendrochronologie, rue Saint-Michel Bertrand Yerly 4, CP 161, 1510 Moudon, Switzerland [email protected] 5 Rue du Centre 81, 2405 La Chaux-du Milieu, Switzerland Pierre-Olivier Mojon [email protected] 6 Institut Catala` de Paleontologia, Edifici Z, c/de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB-E-08193 Cerdanyola del Valle`s, Chiara Angelone Barcelona, Spain [email protected] 7 Jurassica Museum, route de Fontenais 21, 2900 Porrentruy, Olivier Maridet Switzerland [email protected] 8 Eberhard Karls University, Sigwartstraße 10, Madelaine Bo¨hme 72076 Tu¨bingen, Germany [email protected] 9 Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and 1 Natural History Museum of Fribourg, Chemin du Muse´e6, Palaeoenvironment (HEP Tu¨bingen), Tu¨bingen, Germany Pe´rolles, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland 10 Pale´ontologie A16, Office de la Culture, Canton du Jura, Rue 2 Department of Geosciences, Earth Sciences, University of de la Chaumont 13, 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland Fribourg, Chemin du Muse´e6,Pe´rolles, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland 123 B. Mennecart et al. taxonomischen Status der Ruminantia Andegameryx ande- Fig. 1 a Location of the Wallenried fossiliferous localities, with new c gaviensis und dem endemischen Friburgomeryx wallen- mammalian layers WallA and WallE indicated and simplified geology of the Swiss Molasse Basin [detail map modified from sheet 1185/98 riedensis, mit einer erga¨nzenden Diagnose der letzteren Art. (1996), Geological Atlas of Switzerland; overview map modified Zusa¨tzliches Material von Sa¨ugetieren und ektothermen from Berger et al. (2005a)]. b Late Aquitanian (MN2a) palaeogeog- Wirbeltieren wird beschrieben. Die erfassten Lagomorpha raphy of Switzerland and main sediment transport directions (modi- weisen gegenu¨ber anderem zentraleuropa¨ischen Material fied from Berger et al. 2005b) interessante morphologische Abweichungen auf. Sie stellen wegen des gleichzeitigen Auftretens von Titanomys, alluvial fans, the north–eastward directed drainage system of Lagopsis und Prolagus mo¨glicherweise eine einzigartige the ‘‘Genferseeschu¨ttung’’, and the diachronous eastward U¨ bergangsfauna dar. Rodentia and Eulipotyphla geho¨ren transgression of the Upper Marine Molasse Sea occurring in typischen und bekannten Arten des Ageniums des the late Aquitanian and early Burdigalian (Berger et al. 2005b; Schweizer Molassebeckens an. Dank der zahlreichen Berger 2011; Becker et al. 2010). Kleinsa¨ugerza¨hne kann das biostratigraphische Alter der The sedimentology and fossil assemblage of Wallenried Sedimente von Wallenried auf MN2a eingegrenzt werden. was studied in detail by Becker (1996). According to Becker Dieses Alter entspricht auch den Ergebnissen der Charo- et al. (2001) the sedimentary architecture of the Wallenried phytenvergesellschaftung und besta¨tigt das a¨lteste Vor- quarry corresponds to a perennial meandering river system, kommen von Giftschlangenza¨hnen. Die Pala¨oumwelt war with channel deposits and sandy bedforms dominated by recht komplex. Sedimentstrukturen und Faunen (Fische, medium to coarse sands and in decreasing granulometry from Salamander, Fro¨sche, Ostrakoden) sind fu¨r ein feuchtes, crevasse channel to floodplain deposits and/or oxbow lakes, lakustrines Milieu der U¨ berflutungsfla¨chen innerhalb der with a predominance of fine-grained sediments. The mottled Flussauen eines ma¨andrierenden Flusses charakteristisch. clayey to silty floodplain deposits relate to ephemeral ponds associated with seasonality in water supply. The richest fossil Schlu¨sselwo¨rter Biostratigraphie Á Pala¨oumwelt Á localities comprise the base of a channel fill (‘‘channel’’; Mammalia Á Reptilia Á Ostracoda Á Charophyta Fig. 2) and fine-grained floodplain marls (e.g., WallA, WallE, W I.2, W III.1). At the moment, it is not possible to correlate Abbreviations the strata of the southern face (WallA, site of Becker et al. p Lower premolar 2001) of the quarry with the northern face (WallE). m Lower molar Mammal remains have been discovered in several layers C Upper canine (WI.1, WI.2, WIII.1, and Channel; Becker et al. 2001). The P Upper premolar large mammal assemblages of layers WI.1, and WIII.1 are M Upper molar abundant and diverse. A fragmentary lower molar was referred d Lower deciduous premolar to as from Andegameryx cf. laugnacensis, which is a relatively D Upper deciduous premolar common species in Western Europe (Gentry et al. 1999; OMM Obere Meeresmolasse (Upper Marine Molasse) Ginsburg 1999;Beckeretal.2010). Most of the other ruminant USM Untere Su¨ßwassermolasse (Lowe Freshwater remains have been attributed by Becker et al. (2001)toanew Molasse) genus and species, Friburgomeryx wallenriedensis.Becker MHNF Natural History Museum of Fribourg (Muse´e et al. (2001) also proposed a preliminary correlation to the d’histoire naturelle de Fribourg) biozone MN2b, based on the presence of the small mammal assemblage composed of Peridyromys murinus, Eucricetodon aff. gerandianus,andProlagus praevasconiensis. Introduction During a recent excavation campaign organized by the Natural History Museum of Fribourg, a well-preserved and The sand and marl pit (574.45/192.45; WallA 46.88164 N/ diversified fauna was collected in the WallA level. A 7.10652 E; WallE 46.88084/7.10691 E) near the village second highly fossiliferous level (WallE; Figs. 1, 2) yiel- Wallenried is located 10 km north of Fribourg, Switzerland ded a different faunal assemblage, especially rich in small (Fig. 1). The outcropping sediments form part of the ‘‘Molasse mammal fossils (more than 650 mandible and dental grise de Lausanne’’ Formation [Lower Freshwater Molasse remains). In total, the material consists of ruminants, (USM)] within the ‘‘Plateau Molasse’’ (Becker et al. 2001; lagomorphs, rodents, insectivores, crocodiles, lizards, Becker 2003) and are attributed to the Agenian European land snakes, amphibians, fish, gastropods, ostracods, charo- mammal age. Several meters above the outcrop, typical Upper phytes, and seeds. An updated faunal and floral list of the Marine Molasse (OMM) sandstones are observed. During the Agenian of Wallenried is summarized in Table 1. Agenian (Aquitanian–Burdigalian, Early Miocene), the sedi- In this work, we focus on mammal remains (in detail mentation of the ‘‘Plateau Molasse’’ was controlled by Alpine Cetartiodactyla and Lagomorpha), herpetofauna, Ostracoda, 123 A new Late Agenian (MN2a, Early Miocene) fossil assemblage from Wallenried 123 B. Mennecart et al. Charophyta and biostratigraphy derived from the new material. New biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental interpretations are provided, highlighting the importance of Wallenried among the Swiss Molasse Basin localities. Materials and methods Palaeontology Approximately 1 ton of sediment was screen-washed down to 500-lm mesh size. Identification is based on anatomical feature descriptions, comparative anatomy and biometrical measurements. The dental terminology follows Ba¨rmann and Ro¨ssner (2011) for Ruminantia, adapted from Berthet (2003) for the Cainotheriidae. For Lagomorpha, the nomenclature and the measurements follow Angelone and Sese´ (2009) for ochotonids, whereas they follow Lo´pez Martı´nez (1989) for stem lagomorphs. All other Rodentia and Eulipotyphla are typical and well-known species of the Agenian of the Swiss Molasse Basin
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