Sunflower Hybrid Breeding: from Markers to Genomic Selection
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Providing for Pollinators: Conserving and Integrating Natural Habitats to Support Pollinator Conservation Efforts
Providing for pollinators: conserving and integrating natural habitats to support pollinator conservation efforts by Jessica Nicole Butters B.A., Central College, 2017 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Entomology College of Agriculture KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2021 Approved by: Major Professor Tania Kim Copyright © Jessica Nicole Butters 2021. Abstract Pollinators have been in decline for at least the past four decades due to habitat loss from agricultural intensification. Natural pollinator habitat, such as tallgrass prairies, have shrunk to less than 10% of their original extent. Because over one-third of food crops are completely pollinator-dependent, we are under the threat of food instability if pollinator decline is not stabilized and improved. Additionally, little work has been done in terms of understanding how different land management strategies, such as fire rotations or native flower plantings, impact different groups of pollinators, such as bees and butterflies. In an effort to address these issues, I implemented a two-year study on the impact of conservation and ecological intensification strategies on pollinators. My objectives were to 1) understand how fire and grazing management on a prairie reserve impacts the pollinator community and 2) examine how land managers can attract and provide for pollinators in an agricultural setting through the implementation of perennial border crops. For my first objective, I found that bison grazing had positive effects on nearly all pollinators, from lepidopterans to ground-nesting bees, while different fire rotations had both positive and negative effects on pollinators through different pathways. -
Maximilian Sunflower (Helianthus Maximiliani) Plant Family: Aster
BWSR Featured Plant Plant Name: Maximilian Sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani) Plant Family: Aster ‘Discovered’ and named by Prince (and botanist) Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied Germany, Maximilian Sunflower is an important food source for pollinators, birds, and mammals. This native perennial can grow to be quite tall, up to ten feet in height, and provides a striking focal point in contrast to smaller native prairie grasses and forbs. These characteristics have made it a popular species for conservation, as well urban plantings. Identification Maximilian’s Sunflower has tall, upright, hairy stems without much branching with the exception of where the flowers emerge. It has alternate leaves except at the base of the plant where the leaves are opposite. The leaves have white hairs on the surface and sparse to smooth teeth on the edges. The long, narrow leaves are folded and arch to a narrow tip. There are around 10-20 yellow ray florets on each flower head that emerge from a single stalk. The flower heads range from 2-3.5 inches wide and bloom from July to October. Range The species ranges across most of Minnesota, as well as Canada and the rest of the United States with the exception of nine states. It prefers full sun and mesic to dry soil conditions, making it well adapted to a variety of habitats including rocky upland prairies, loess hill prairies, rocky cliff ledges, railroad and roadside edges, and reclaimed sites. This sunflower does not seem to Range based on University of have problems with many pests or diseases and is resilient in many settings. -
Phoenix AMA LWUPL
Arizona Department of Water Resources Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Official Regulatory List for the Phoenix Active Management Area Fourth Management Plan Arizona Department of Water Resources 1110 West Washington St. Ste. 310 Phoenix, AZ 85007 www.azwater.gov 602-771-8585 Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Acknowledgements The Phoenix AMA list was prepared in 2004 by the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) in cooperation with the Landscape Technical Advisory Committee of the Arizona Municipal Water Users Association, comprised of experts from the Desert Botanical Garden, the Arizona Department of Transporation and various municipal, nursery and landscape specialists. ADWR extends its gratitude to the following members of the Plant List Advisory Committee for their generous contribution of time and expertise: Rita Jo Anthony, Wild Seed Judy Mielke, Logan Simpson Design John Augustine, Desert Tree Farm Terry Mikel, U of A Cooperative Extension Robyn Baker, City of Scottsdale Jo Miller, City of Glendale Louisa Ballard, ASU Arboritum Ron Moody, Dixileta Gardens Mike Barry, City of Chandler Ed Mulrean, Arid Zone Trees Richard Bond, City of Tempe Kent Newland, City of Phoenix Donna Difrancesco, City of Mesa Steve Priebe, City of Phornix Joe Ewan, Arizona State University Janet Rademacher, Mountain States Nursery Judy Gausman, AZ Landscape Contractors Assn. Rick Templeton, City of Phoenix Glenn Fahringer, Earth Care Cathy Rymer, Town of Gilbert Cheryl Goar, Arizona Nurssery Assn. Jeff Sargent, City of Peoria Mary Irish, Garden writer Mark Schalliol, ADOT Matt Johnson, U of A Desert Legum Christy Ten Eyck, Ten Eyck Landscape Architects Jeff Lee, City of Mesa Gordon Wahl, ADWR Kirti Mathura, Desert Botanical Garden Karen Young, Town of Gilbert Cover Photo: Blooming Teddy bear cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii) at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monutment. -
The Potential of Wild Sunflower Species for Industrial Uses
HELIA, 30, Nr. 46, p.p. 175-198, (2007) UDC 633.854.78:633.495:631.145 DOI: 10.2298/HEL0746175S THE POTENTIAL OF WILD SUNFLOWER SPECIES FOR INDUSTRIAL USES Seiler, G.J.* Northern Crop Science Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Received: October 10, 2006 Accepted: May 15, 2007 SUMMARY Within the past decade, the desire for alternative sources of fuels, chemi- cals, feeds, and other materials has received increased attention. Wild sun- flower species have the potential to contribute to these renewable resources. During the past three decades, the narrow genetic base of cultivated sunflower has been broadened by the infusion of genes from wild relatives, which have provided a continuous source of agronomic traits for crop improvement. The genus Helianthus is composed of 51 species and 19 subspecies with 14 annual and 37 perennial species. Although oil concentrations of up to 37 g/kg have been reported in whole plants of one wild sunflower species, H. ciliaris, the achenes are the primary storage tissue for oil. The fatty acid composition of the achene oil determines its suitability for either food or industrial uses. Consid- erable variability has been reported in fatty acid composition of oil in achenes of the wild species. Other natural products may also be of economic value from the wild sunflower species. A natural rubber concentration of 19 g/kg has been reported in the whole plant of wild perennial H. radula with more than 92% pure rubber. Polyphenol yields of wild sunflower biomass are moderate, with H. -
High Frequencies of Triploids Obtained from Interspecific Crosses Involving
G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics Early Online, published on February 7, 2017 as doi:10.1534/g3.116.036327 1 Triploid Production from Interspecific Crosses of Two Diploid Perennial Helianthus 2 with Diploid Cultivated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) 3 4 Zhao Liu1*, Gerald J. Seiler2, Thomas J. Gulya2, Jiuhuan Feng3, Khalid Y. Rashid4, Xiwen Cai1, 5 Chao-Chien Jan2* 6 7 1Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA 8 2USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102, USA 9 3Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA 10 4Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada 11 12 Key words: Helianthus; triploids; genomic in situ hybridization (GISH); mitotic analysis; 13 meiotic analysis 14 15 Corresponding author: Chao-Chien Jan 16 Mailing address: USDA-ARS, NCSL, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND58102-2765, USA 17 Phone: 701-239-1319 18 E-mail: [email protected] 19 20 Co-corresponding author: Zhao Liu 21 Mailing address: USDA-ARS, NCSL, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND58102-2765, USA 22 Phone: 701-239-1324 23 E-mail: [email protected] 24 1 © The Author(s) 2013. Published by the Genetics Society of America. 25 Running title: Novel triploid production in Helianthus 2 26 ABSTRACT 27 Wild Helianthus species are a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated 28 sunflower. We report the discovery and characterization of a unique high frequency production 29 of triploids when cultivated sunflower was pollinated by specific accessions of diploid 30 Helianthus nuttallii T. &. G. and H. -
(Helianthus L.) Mitochondrial Genomes
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article The Investigation of Perennial Sunflower Species (Helianthus L.) Mitochondrial Genomes Maksim Makarenko 1,* , Alexander Usatov 2, Tatiana Tatarinova 1,3,4,5 , Kirill Azarin 2, Alexey Kovalevich 2, Vera Gavrilova 6 and Renate Horn 7 1 The Institute for Information Transmission Problems, 127051 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 2 Department of Genetics, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; [email protected] (A.U.); [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (A.K.) 3 Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA 91750, USA 4 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, 119333 Moscow, Russia 5 School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 6 The N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 7 Institute of Biological Sciences, Plant Genetics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 July 2020; Accepted: 20 August 2020; Published: 24 August 2020 Abstract: The genus Helianthus is a diverse taxonomic group with approximately 50 species. Most sunflower genomic investigations are devoted to economically valuable species, e.g., H. annuus, while other Helianthus species, especially perennial, are predominantly a blind spot. In the current study, we have assembled the complete mitogenomes of two perennial species: H. grosseserratus (273,543 bp) and H. strumosus (281,055 bp). We analyzed their sequences and gene profiles in comparison to the available complete mitogenomes of H. annuus. Except for sdh4 and trnA-UGC, both perennial sunflower species had the same gene content and almost identical protein-coding sequences when compared with each other and with annual sunflowers (H. -
Flora and Plant Coummunities of Deer Park Prairie
THE VASCULAR FLORA AND PLANT COMMUNITIES OF LAWTHER - DEER PARK PRAIRIE, HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. Jason R. Singhurst Jeffrey N. Mink Wildlife Diversity Program 176 Downsville Road Texas Parks & Wildlife Department Robinson, Texas 76706-7276, U.S.A. 4200 Smith School Road [email protected] Austin, Texas 78744, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Katy Emde, Lan Shen, Don Verser Walter C. Holmes Houston Chapter of Department of Biology Native Prairie Association of Texas Baylor University 2700 Southwest Fwy. Waco, Texas 76798-7388, U.S.A. Houston, Texas 77098, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Field studies at the Lawther - Deer Park Prairie Preserve, an area of approximately 21 ha (51 acres) of the Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes vegetation area, have resulted in a description of the vegetation associations and an annotated checklist of the vascular flora. Six plant com- munity associations occur on the property: (1) the Upper Texas Coast Ingleside Sandy Wet Prairie; (2) Eastern Gamagrass - Switchgrass - Yellow Indiangrass Herbaceous Vegetation; (3) Gulf Cordgrass Herbaceous Vegetation; (4) Texas Gulf Coast Live Oak - Sugarberry Forest; (5) Little Bluestem - Slender Bluestem - Big Bluestem Herbaceous Vegetation, and (6) Natural Depressional Ponds. The checklist includes 407 species belonging to 247 genera and 86 families. Forty-six species are non-native. The best-represented families (with species number following) are Poaceae (84), Asteraceae (68), Cyperaceae (33), and Fabaceae (19). West Gulf Coastal Plain (eastern Texas and western Louisiana) endemics include Helenium drummondii, Liatris acidota, Oenothera lindheimeri, and Rudbeckia texana. One Texas endemic, Chloris texensis, a Species of Greater Conservation Need, is present. -
Genomic Variation in Helianthus: Learning from the Past and Looking to the Future Michael B
BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS. VOL 13. NO 4. 328 ^340 doi:10.1093/bfgp/elu004 Genomic variation in Helianthus: learning from the past and looking to the future Michael B. Kantar, Gregory J. Baute, Dan G. Bock and Loren H. Rieseberg Advance Access publication date 3 March 2014 Abstract Helianthus is an economically important and genetically diverse genus, containing both evolutionary model species and cultivated species. Genetic variation within this genus has been examined at many different scales, from genome size changes to chromosomal structure to nucleotide variation. The growing amount of genomic resources within the genus has yielded insights into the importance of paleopolyploid events, and how transposable elements can cause rapid genome size increases. The rapidly evolving chromosomes in Helianthus have provided a system whereby it has been possible to study how chromosomal rearrangements impact speciation, adaptation and intro- gression. Population and quantitative genetic studies have used the abundant nucleotide variation to identify a number of candidate genes which may be involved in both local adaptation and domestication. The results from these investigations have provided basic knowledge about evolution and how to utilize genetic resources for both agriculture and conservation. Targeting Helianthus for further study as new technologies emerge will allow for a better understanding of how different types of genomic variation interact and contribute to phenotypic variation in a complex system that is ecologically and economically significant. Keywords: transposableelements;karyotype;nucleotidevariation;hybridization;speciation INTRODUCTION karyotyping methods and high-throughput DNA Genetic variation is the raw material that natural and sequencing, it is now possible to assess genome- artificial selection acts on. -
Validated Markers for Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Breeding
OCL 2020, 27, 47 © S. Rauf et al., Hosted by EDP Sciences, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020042 OCL Oilseeds & fats Crops and Lipids Available online at: www.ocl-journal.org REVIEW Validated markers for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) breeding Saeed Rauf1,*, Marilyn Warburton2, Amina Naeem1 and Wardah Kainat1 1 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha-Pakistan, Sargodha, Pakistan 2 USDA ARS Corn Host Plant Research, Resistance Unit, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA Received 30 May 2020 – Accepted 13 August 2020 Abstract – Sunflower is native to North America and is now grown around the world for edible oil, seed roasting, confectionary products and bird food. Genetic diversity in cultivated and wild germplasm is characterized for use with various breeding objectives. Molecular markers have been developed to facilitate sunflower breeding. This review was undertaken to discuss molecular markers, which have been validated in different genetic backgrounds for traits of economic interest in sunflower. Markers found to be linked to monogenic traits in mapping populations may be used to select plants with those traits; review of the literature identified markers available for several monogenic traits including resistance against pests and pathogens. Markers linked to Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for many disease resistance and economically important traits that have also been identified in specific populations and target environments are also reported here. These identified linked markers should be validated in different genetic backgrounds and environments to ensure widespread utility. Publicly available inbred lines carrying traits of interest and validated markers related to them are summarized in this review, which also highlights traits for which these resources are still lacking, possibly due to lack of funding despite the importance of this hybrid crop. -
Genome Survey Sequencing of in Vivo Mother Plant and in Vitro Plantlets of Mikania Cordata
plants Article Genome Survey Sequencing of In Vivo Mother Plant and In Vitro Plantlets of Mikania cordata 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 Yongfeng Hong y, Xia Huang y, Chunmei Li y, Xiaoxian Ruan y, Zhen Wang , Yingjuan Su 1,2,* and Ting Wang 3,* 1 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (X.H.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (X.R.); [email protected] (Z.W.) 2 Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China 3 College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (T.W.) These authors are equally contributed. y Received: 22 October 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 27 November 2020 Abstract: Mikania cordata, the only native congener of the invasive weed Mikania micrantha in China, is an ideal species for comparative study to reveal the invasion mechanism. However, its genome resources are lagging far behind its congener, which limits the comparative genomic analysis. Our goal is to characterize the genome of M. cordata by next-generation sequencing and propose a scheme for long-read genome sequencing. Previous studies have shown that the genomic resources of the host plant would be affected by the endophytic microbial DNA. An aseptic sample of M. cordata will ensure the proper genome in downstream analysis. Because endophytes are ubiquitous in the greenhouse-grown M. cordata, the in vitro culture with cefotaxime or timentin treatment was undertaken to obtain the aseptic plantlets. -
Genome Skimming Reveals the Origin of the Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber Crop Species: Neither from Jerusalem Nor an Artichoke
Research Genome skimming reveals the origin of the Jerusalem Artichoke tuber crop species: neither from Jerusalem nor an artichoke Dan G. Bock1, Nolan C. Kane2, Daniel P. Ebert1 and Loren H. Rieseberg1,3 1Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Summary Author for correspondence: The perennial sunflower Helianthus tuberosus, known as Jerusalem Artichoke or Sunchoke, Dan G. Bock was cultivated in eastern North America before European contact. As such, it represents one Tel: +1 604 827 3535 of the few taxa that can support an independent origin of domestication in this region. Its Email: [email protected] tubers were adopted as a source of food and forage when the species was transferred to the Received: 12 July 2013 Old World in the early 1600s, and are still used today. Accepted: 14 September 2013 Despite the cultural and economic importance of this tuber crop species, its origin is debated. Competing hypotheses implicate the occurrence of polyploidization with or without New Phytologist (2014) 201: 1021–1030 hybridization, and list the annual sunflower H. annuus and five distantly related perennial sun- doi: 10.1111/nph.12560 flower species as potential parents. Here, we test these scenarios by skimming the genomes of diverse populations of Jerusalem Key words: allopolyploid speciation, Artichoke and its putative progenitors. We identify relationships among Helianthus taxa using phylogenomics, polyploid parentage, complete plastomes (151 551 bp), partial mitochondrial genomes (196 853 bp) and 35S polyploidy, ultra-barcoding. -
Perennials Perennials
TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENERTheThe MagazineMagazine ofof thethe AAmericanmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySociety September/October 2004 Saving Seeds to Share Cover Crops Nourish Soil through Winter Bonsai Goes Native Preserving Summer’s Flowers $4.95 www.ahs.org.ahs.org summer-to-fall-blooming 09> perennials 0173361 64751 contents Volume 83, Number 5 . September / October 2004 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 8 NEWS FROM AHS New edition of AHS A–Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants and latest SMARTGARDEN™ Regional Guide pagepage 2020 pagepage 3232 available soon, Katy Moss Warner to speak at AIB 16 SAVING SEEDS BY CAROLE OTTESEN Symposium, AHS page 8 Gathering seeds to grow or share helps preserve rare or heirloom seed exchange plants and fosters diversity. success story, Cherry Lake Tree Farm is new AHS Partner, Girl Scout renovates the Alphabet Garden at River Farm. 20 BONSAI–APPALACHIAN STYLE BY NAN CHASE At the North Carolina Arboretum, Bonsai Curator Arthur Joura 13 ARABELLA DANE, NEW AHS BOARD CHAIR has created an extraordinary collection using native plants. 14 2004 YOUTH GARDEN SYMPOSIUM Highlights of the July symposium in Ithaca, 26 LATE BLOOMERS BY CAROLE OTTESEN New York. When cool nights and shorter days signal the arrival of fall, a few special perennials keep right on blooming. 44 EVERYDAY GARDEN SCIENCE How climate affects biological cycles. 32 COVER CROPS IN THE GARDEN BY KRIS WETHERBEE 46 GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK Used as living mulch or green manure, cover crops improve your The link between smoke and seed dormancy, soil, prevent erosion, and suppress weeds. breeding non-invasive butterfly bushes, Garden Conservancy restores gardens at Alcatraz, 2005 PHS Gold Medal Plants 37 WINTER PLEASURES announced, voodoo lily wins foliage award, FROM SUMMER BORDERS results of summer 2004 gardener survey, cold- BY MARY YEE hardy clematis for the north.