Glimpses of Remo/Bondo-English Pictorial Dictionary And

REMO/BONDO-ENGLISH PICTORIAL DICTIONARY

K. RAMESH KUMAR Assisted by V. MURALIDHAR

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development Government of India Hunsur Road, Manasagangotri, Mysuru-570 006

Remo/Bonda-English Pictorial Dictionary

This material may not be reproduced or transmitted, either in part or in full, in any form or by any means, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher.

Professor Kaːyam Nagamma Reddy 01 st July, 1947 - 19 th May, 2008 and Professor Bandi Ramakrishna Reddy

“अानतमराधय ानाजनशलाकया ।

चुमीलतं येन तमै ीगुरवे नमः॥”

aɟɲ aːnatimira ːnd ʰasja ɟɲ aːna ːɟana ʃala ːkaja ː |||

͜ tsak ʂurunmi ːlitam je ːna tasmai ʃri ːɡ urave ː namaH ||||||

‘Salutation to the noble Guru, who has opened the eyes blinded by darkness of ignorance with the collyrium-stick of knowledge.’

for their devoted and selfless service to the student community and inspiring generations of students in Linguistics and for their contribution to tribal and endangered languages of India as a token of respect

చం ఓ ...... čandruniki ō nūlup ōɡu … ‘Whatever little one that we can offer’

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOREWORD PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS THE ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT MAP OF MALKANGIRI DISTRICT, ORISSA MAP OF KHOIRPUT BLOCK, MALKANGIRI DISTRICT, ORISSA REMO/BONDO LANGUAGE CONSULTANTS

With deepest gratitude and appreciation, I humbly give thanks to the people who, with all they can, helped me in making this Remo/Bondo-English Pictorial Dictionary possible.

To Prof. Awadesh Kumar Mishra, former Director, and Prof. D.G. Rao, the present Director, Central Institute of Indian languages for entrusting me the Bondo/Remo language project under the Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered languages.

To the Government officials, Non-Government officials, Bondo community in particular and individuals who have helped me in many ways and supported our Project on Bondo/Remo language with their support and encouragement the present work is able to see the light of the day.

To Prof. B. Ramakrishna Reddy for his training, motivation and for touching the lives of many of my generation students in inspiring us to work on the tribal and lesser known languages of our country. Further, I owe a deep sense of gratitude to him for his patience, constant encouragement, guidance, support and invaluable advice on the draft versions of the present work.

To Osmania University Authorities for allowing me to conduct research on Remo, when I was in service.

To Prof. Umarani Pappuswamy Professor-cum-Deputy Director and the Head, Centre for Language Documentation who has helped and supported me in many ways.

To the Core Committee members for their comments and suggestions.

To Dr. L. Ramamoorthy the first project coordinator and Dr. C.V. Sivaramakrishna, the second coordinator and Mr. Sujoy Sarkar, the present coordinator and the SPPEL staff, Mr. D. Ramesh Bhushan, JRP, t he Technical staff, Mr. V. S. Manohara Shyam, Mr. A.S. Saravanan, Mr. M.J. Ramesh Patel, and Secretarial staff Ms. Savita Namdeo, Ms. D. Durga Vanisri, Mr. K. Puttaraju, Ms. K.N. Amrutha for their support and help in the smooth progress and execution of the project.

To Sri. Prashanth Kumar Reddy IAS, and Sri K. Sudarshan Chakravarthy IAS, the young dynamic Collectors of Malkangiri (District) in 2015 and 2017 respectively, who were very kind to us and extended their help in giving us the logistical support during our fieldtrips. I am also thankful to the officials at Khairput Block, Mr. Dambrudhar Mallick, Block Development Officer, Mr. Khare, Additional Block Education Officer, and Mr. Duryodhan Madkavi, PEO who have helped us in establishing contact with the Remo/Bondo community.

To Mr.V. Muralidhar Junior Resource Person of the project for accompanying me to the fieldwork and for processing the data efficiently.

To the Bondo/Remo consultants Mr. Adi Mundli of Dumbripada, Mr. Sonya Kirsani of Kirsanipada village, Mrs. Mongli Sisa, Mrs. Komla Munduli, Mrs. Buday Munduli and Mr. Buda Sisa of Dumbripada village, Mr. Mongla Sisa of Andrahal and Mr. Buliya Munduli of Mundulipada village for their patience, co-operation and time in giving us the Remosam data.

To Mr. K. Pullaiah and Mr. Mohammed Ameen Research Scholars in the Department of Linguistics, Osmania University the former for editing the pictures in Photoshop and the latter helping in slicing few sound files of Remo.

To Dr. Ravi, Director, Mrs. Liji Symon and Mr. Symon George of ASHAKIRAN Society a NGO for allowing us to stay at their Guesthouse at Dumbripada and taking care of us during our fieldtrips. Mrs. Liji Symon and Mr. Symon George were our main linchpins to the Remo/Bondo community at Dumbripada village.

To Mrs. and Mr. Panchanan Panda and their son Mr. Brundaban Panda for their help during our fieldtrips at Khairput.

To Dr. Debabrat Barik, Medical Officer, Community Health Centre, Khairput, and Mr .Gokul Chandra Das, Teacher, Andrahal G.P., Khairput Block for their kind help which gave us basic information about the Bondos.

To Mr . Thota Venkata Swamy, my friend who is serving as an Assistant Editor in Dravidian University for designing the cover page in Photoshop.

Most of all to my family members especially Mrs. G. Padmaja, my wife for her ever supporting patience, understanding me during my tiring days, while I was on field trips encouraging me always to make the best of everything. She is a very warm and cheerful host all through to the resource persons while they were working from my home. To my nieces Ms. B.R. Rupa and Ms. B.R. Tejswi who gave a helping hand in data processing and other technical aspects of the project. I would also like to thank my son Mr. K. Manikantham, my sister Mrs. K. Subbamma and my brother Mr. K. Jayaram for their encouragement and moral support.

K. Ramesh Kumar, PI Remo/Bondo SPPEL

FOREWORD

Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore is working for the protection and preservation of endangered languages of India with the help of language documentation. The documentation includes the preparation of bi/tri-lingual dictionary, a grammar and the ethnic profile of the community. The project aims to document 520 endangered mother tongues/languages of India. At the initial stage we have identified 117 languages for documentation keeping in mind the number of speakers, the degree of endangerment and reducing domains of languages usage.

Language documentation is a tedious and time consuming task. To cater the need of resource persons and to assist them in documenting languages SPPEL has already published ‘The Language Documentation Handbook’. Now, I can hope that the Principal Investigators working for SPPEL will get inspired by the present work and come up with the documentation of their concerned languages.

It is a proud moment for the Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages that one of our Principal Investigators Prof. K. Ramesh Kumar has come up with Remo/Bonda-English Pictorial Dictionary. The Bonda language belongs to the Munda branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family and it is spoken by the Bonda tribe of Odisha. The alternate names of the Bonda tribe are Bondo, Bondo Poraja, Bhonda, and Remo. They are also concentrated in Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh. The Bonda language is an endangered language because new generation of this community is gradually shifting to Odia or Desiya Odia.

The pictorial dictionary is just a glimpse of the documentation work done on Bonda. Very soon we will publish the dictionary and grammar of this language.

I congratulate Prof. K. Ramesh Kumar & team for bringing out the Bonda-English Pictorial Dictionary. I wish all the very best to Prof. K. Ramesh Kumar & team for further development of the Bondo Language Documentation project.

Prof. D.G Rao Director CIIL, Mysuru

REMO/BONDO-ENGLISH PICTORIAL DICTIONARY

INTRODUCTION

The Bondo (also known as the Bondo, Bondo Poraja, Bhonda, or Remo) are one of the Primitive Tribal Groups of India. There are 30 Remo/Bondo villages which fall under the four Gram Panchayats namely: (i) Mundulipada, (ii) Andrahal, (iii) Rasbeda and (iv) Badadural which are in the Khairput block of Malkangiri district of Southwestern Odisha, India, near the junction of the three states of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh. As per 2011 census their population is 12,231 (Male 5669 and Female 6562). There are two different Remo/Bondo tribes: the Hill and Plain Bondos.

LANGUAGE Bondo language belongs to the Munda branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family. It is most closely related to the Gutob-Gadaba language. The Bondo language is now an endangered tongue as more Bondos have shifted to Odiya or Desiya Odiya as their primary language of communication.

ETHNOLINGUISTC PROFILE The Remo/Bondo religious system represents a homogenous blending of indigenous beliefs that resembles and follows Hinduism. Bondos retain belief in a supreme being (Mahaprabhu) who is identified with the sun, under whom is arranged a hierarchy of demigods. The si ibor ‘an elevated stone platform’ is the sacred site to perform any rituals and the hunted animals are first brought to the si ibor . Women are not allowed to sit on the si ibor . Each village has a specific place near the foothills where they go and worship. They usually sacrifice a goat, hen, pig etc. The sisa ‘priest’ conducts the rituals whereas, disari ‘sorcerer’ usually conducts rituals related to invoking spirits and curing the sick and possessed.

They still practice the barter system, exchanging the produce of their fields for articles of daily use. In Remo/Bondo society, the women enjoy a privileged position. They are the primary workers and providers of food for the community. This matriarchal dominance is also seen in the marital norms of the community. Remo/Bondo girls largely marry boys who are at least five to ten years younger than them. Thus the girl looks after her husband as he grows up and in turn he cares for his elderly wife.

PRESENT WORK

Currently we are documenting the language and culture of Bondo/Remo. As part of our research we have conducted fresh field trips in the months of January, April and October 2015 and again in January-February 2017 collected data from Kirsanipada, Bandiguda, Mundulipada and Dumbripada villages which are in the Bondo hills. We intend to compile soon a 2500 words bilingual dictionary, a grammar sketch and an ethno-linguistic profile of Bondo/Remo community.

© CIIL, Mysuru, 2018 iv Bondo language has two main dialects, the hill Bondo and plain Bondo. We have also noticed that there are regional dialect variations within the hill Bondo which needs further investigation.

PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REMO/BONDO-ENGLISH PICTORIAL DICTIONARY

The present Remo language data is mostly confined to the Hill Remo/Bondo of Mundulipada (MP) and Dumbripada (DP) villages and its focus is on documenting the language in the digital form that too, it is an interactive dictionary and we have used state of the art data processing and archiving tools while compiling our dictionary. Therefore, our work is quite different from Bhattacharya’s (1968) Remo/Bondo-English bilingual dictionary, which is confined to print version of hill and plain Bondo.

It was published about 50 years ago; therefore the present work gives the current use of the language and the changes that have happened in the Remo/Bondo language due to the impact of dominant language Oriya.

PREPARATION

The language data was elicited using the SPPEL’s questionnaire which contains word lists on different semantic domains, sentences and texts. This data has been transcribed by using IPA transcription, word processed and Meta data was prepared. The SIL Fieldworks Version 8.3.10 has been used for compiling the dictionary. The software has several features which supports the dictionary development, inter-linearization of texts, cultural records, morphological analysis and several other features, hence we used this software for compiling our present work.

As Bondos’ lingua franca is Desia Oriya, there are many borrowed Oriya words in our data, which we did not specify in our dictionary. However, we intend to take-up this issue in our revised version. Our dictionary has about 552 Remo/Bondo entries. The entries are arranged in Indian alphabetical order. The Remo/Bondo language main entry is transcribed in IPA and it is followed by the grammatical category information. Then it is followed by the English equivalents. We also provided dialectal variations information wherever we found the data. The contextual usage of main entry has been provided in our dictionary. The dictionary provides pictures of flora and fauna, artifacts and daily use items etc, of Remo/Bondo community (for details see the below table). There are about 552 pictures in the dictionary. Cross references and meanings of words which are culture specific to Remo/Bondo have been given detailed explanation. The dictionary contains 1,114 sound files, which include isolated words and contextual usages of Remo/Bondo language. The following table provides a clear picture of the semantic domains and the pictures illustrated in the dictionary.

SEMANTIC DOMAINS NUMBER OF PICTURES

1. ACTION VERBS 11 2. ADORNMENTS AND COSTUMES 34 3. AIR AND RELATED 1 4. ANIMAL BODY PARTS 9 5. ARTIFACTS AND ITEMS OF DAILY USE 98 6. BIRDS AND RELATED 20 7. CELESTIAL BODIES AND RELATED 2 8. CLIMBERS AND CREEPERS 8 9. DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND RELATED 23 10. DRINKS AND BEVERAGES 7 11. EARTH AND RELATED 7 12. EDUCATION AND RELATED 1 13. FESTIVALS AND RELATED 1 14. FIRE AND RELATED 2 15. FISH AND ITS TYPES 6 16. FLIES AND INSECTS 5 17. FLOWERS AND RELATED 8 18. FO OD AND RELATED 27 19. FRUITS AND SEEDS 18 20. HERBS GRASSES AND WEEDS 6 21. HOUSING AND RELATED 65 22. HUMAN BODY PARTS 12 23. HUNTING FISHING AND ITS TOOLS 12 24. KINSHIP TERMS ADDRESS AND REFERENCE TERMS 2 25. MEASUREMENTS 4 26. MUSIC AND ITS INSTRUMENTS 7 27. NUMBER AND GENDER AN D CLASSIFIER 1 28. OCCUPATION AND RELATED 17 29. PARTS OF TREE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES 6 30. RELIGIOUS AND RITUAL TERMS 23 31. REPTILES RODENTS AND RELATED 4

© CIIL, Mysuru, 2018 vi 32. STAGES OF LIFE 1 33. STATIVE OR POSITION VERBS 1 34. TRANSPORT AND RELATED 4 35. TREES 54 36. VEGETABLES 21 37. WATER AND RELAT ED 6 38. WILD ANIMALS AND RELATED 13 Total Number of Pictures 547

Since this is our first attempt we welcome comments and suggestions to refine and revise our dictionary in the next edition.

© CIIL, Mysuru, 2018 vii SYMBOLS USED CONSONANTS: IPA Symbol Usage in REMO GLOSS p purĩŋ tɑ̃ŋ ‘a flat basket’ p̚ sulo p̚ ‘tree’ pʰ pʰoɽɑ j ‘teach’ b biri ‘Podu Field/highland field’ b̚ lɪlɑb̚ ‘butterfly’ t tumo ‘mouth’ tʰ tʰoɳɖ or ‘fish trap’ d dɪsɑː ri ‘sorcerer’ ʈ ʈomn ɑ ‘beak’ ɖ ɖij ɔ ‘house’ ɽ əɽõŋ ‘fish’ k kɪkɑ ‘uncle’ k̚ semu k̚ ‘tree’ kʰ kʰɑl ‘depth’ ɡ ɡiɾe ‘frog’ ɡ̚ rʊmɑɡ̚ ‘pea plant’ m mĩŋ ‘elder sister’ n noɖik ̚ ‘skirt (waist cloth)’ ɲ ɲunõ ŋ ‘yoke’ ɳ ru ɳom ‘rafter’ ŋ ŋɡom ‘village’ r repte ‘many’ ɾ sɪlɑː ɾɑ ‘katla (fish)’ s sɑː buk ̚ ‘mortar’ ͜ ts ͜ tsɑlni ‘strainer’ ts ̆ ts ̆ inni ‘sugar’ d͜ z d͜ zõŋ mother dz ̆ dz ̆ iɾɑ ‘basket used for catching fish’ w wɑː rlim ‘paw’ j jet ɑ̃ŋɡ uj ‘halter for cattle’ l lɑʈɑ ‘forest’ ʔ sɑʔme ‘finger millet’

SHORT VOWELS: i imb ĩŋ ‘elder brother's wife’ e ero ɡɑ ‘tomorrow’ tise ‘grave’ ə ədɑ ‘ginger’ o ojdz ̆ ɑ ‘how much’ ɔrti ‘ring’ jɖɑ k̚ ‘air’ u uʔuː ‘four’

LONG VOWELS: iː siː ‘pain, fever eː beːɾɑ ‘tomorrow’ ɑː ɑː rbok ̚ ‘bald’ oː oːrõj ‘sickle’ uː uʔuː ‘four’

NASALIZED VOWELS:

The alphabetical arrangement of Remo/Bondo lexical entries is as follows *:

ɑ, ə, ʌ, i, ɪ, u, ʊ, e, ɛ, o, ɔ, k, kʰ, ɡ, ŋ, ͜ts, ts ̆ , d͜ z, dz ̆ , ɲ,

ʈ , ʈʰ , ɖ , ɽ , ɳ , t, tʰ, d, n, p, p ʰ, b, m, j, r, ɾ, l, w, s, ʔ

REMO CONSONANT CHART

Velar Velar Dental Dental Uvular Palatal Palatal Glottal Bilabial Bilabial Alveolar Alveolar Retroflex Retroflex Pharyngeal Pharyngeal Labio-dental Labio-dental Post-alveolar Post-alveolar

Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ ʔ

Nasal m n ɲ ŋ

Trill r

Tap / Flap

Fricative s

Affricate tš dž

Lateral fricative

Approximant w j

Lateral l approximant

ABBREVIATIONS

1 first person 2 second person 3 third person ABL ablative ACC accusative ADJ adjective ADV adverb(ial) AGR agreement AUX auxiliary CAUS causative CLF classifier COMP complementizer COND conditional COP copula DAT dative DEF definite DEM demonstrative DET determiner DIST distal DP Dumbripada DU dual F feminine FUT future GEN genitive IMP imperative INCL inclusive IND indicative INDF indefinite INF infinitive INS instrumental INTR intransitive IPFV imperfective Lit literal meaning LOC locative M masculine N neuter MP Mundulipada NPST non-past NEG negation, negative NOM nominative OBJ object OBL oblique PL plural POSS possessive PRED predicative PRF perfect PRE present PROG progressive

© CIIL, Mysuru, 2018 xi PROX proximal/proximate PST past PTCP participle PURP purposive Q question particle/marker QUOT quotative RECP reciprocal REFL reflexive REL relative SBJ subject SG singular TR transitive VOC vocative

(Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2130_ PART_B_DCHB_MALKANGIRI.pdf , Date of Access: 20-04-2018 3.00 PM)

(SOURCE: http://www.malkangirizp.odishapr.gov.in/photo-gallery Date of Access: 20-04- 2018 3.05 PM)

Sri. Adi Munduli (Age 28) Sri. Sonya Kirsani (Age 35) Dumbripada Village Kirsanipada Village

Smt. Mongli Sisa (Age 58) Smt. Komla Munduli (Age 65) Dumbripada Village Dumbripada Village

Smt. Buday Munduli (Age 60) Sri. Buliya Munduli (35) Dumbripada Village Mundulipada Village

ɑmɑr Noun. a kind of tree. ɑʔɑː semuk ̚ Noun. bamboo plant. ɑʔɑː semuk ̚ bɔɳɖɑɡɑːʈ i repte ɖɪ tɑ. There are many Bamboo plants in Bondo hills. Bamboosa Aridinarifolia .

ɑrl ɑm Noun. bronze plate/bowl. remole m ɑmũŋ ɖej ẽ mb ɑ̃ŋ ɖej ẽ sɑʔɡ̚ nɑ ɑː rl ɑm kij ɑ̃ŋ be ʔto. If the Remo’s fathers-in-law or brothers-in- law come then the rice will be served in the ɑʔjeber Noun. whetstone, rasp, (a medium sized brass bowl. round small stone used for sharpening knife, axe etc). ɑʔ jebern ɑ bureburõ ŋ nsuk ̚ ɑʔ jeto. A knife is sharpened with a whetstone.

ɑrlop ̚ Noun. manure. sise ʔ selo ʔsek ̚ ɑrlop ̚ bi ʔɖ oʔsek sɑʔme bi ʔtunej. Having ploughed and manured we will sow finger millet (Mandeya corn).

ɑːʈ Pl: ɑːʈle . Noun. weekly market. ɑːʈ bok ̚ repte be ɳɖ i ɖɪ tɑ. There are plenty of okras (Lady's fingers) in the weekly market.

ɑʔɑ Noun. bamboo. ɑː burõŋ ɖɑ sũŋ or ẽjnto. Big basket (Dasung) is weaved with bamboo. Bamboosa Aridinarifolia .

əɽ õŋ Noun. fish. pɑrɑkbok̚ mʊnɑ mʊnɑ əɽõŋ ɖɪtɑ . ənɑp̚ Noun. husk of rice, bran, chaff. ɑː nɑː p̚ ɡubu There are very big fish in the pond. sumto. The pig eats husk/bran of rice.

əɽ kɑ Noun. a type of earthen pot used for cooking əpul Noun. apple. kojiripu ʈnɑ ŋɡombok̚ əpul (rice) gruel. əɽ kɑbok ̚ ntur ɑk̚ lo ʔburto. In an bɑmt ɑ. In Khairput village Apple is earthen pot finger millet gruel is cooked. available. Pyrus malus .

əmrut Noun. papaya tree. nĩŋ bok əmrut semuk ̚ iŋɡij ĩ ɖɪ tɑ. I have three papaya trees. carica papaya .

əti Noun. elephant. bɔɳɖɑ ɡɑːʈi əti ɑɖɪ tɑ. There is no Elephant in the Bondo Hills.

ədɑ Noun. ginger. nĩŋ mors ĩŋ rosuno dz ̆ ɪrɑ ədɑ ri ɖos ɪtɑ m ɑː ɖojint ĩŋ . Having made а (masala) paste of spices with red chilli, onion, cumin seeds and ginger, I am cooking curry with it.

ərs ũŋ Noun. anklet. ɑːɖɪ lɑ ərs ũŋ tuks ɪtɑ me ɡɪ tɑ. əsũŋ 1 Noun. roof. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijo əsũŋ lõŋburõŋ ɑʔtɪnɑj. After wearing anklets Adi is dancing. My roof of the house is thatched with grass.

əsũŋ 2 Noun. thatch. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijo ɑsũŋ lõ ŋburõŋ ɑtɪnɑj My roof of the house is thatched with grass.

əʔɖɑ Pl: əʔɖɑ le . Noun. bamboo measuring jar. nej əʔɖɑ bok ̚ p ɑːʈ kʰeɳɖɑ por ɑb bok ̚ kerõ ŋ r ũŋ kuk ̚ ̚ ̚ tũŋ õːsek b ɑː ro ʈɑ ŋɡ õmn ɑ n ɑː jɑkbok be ʔto. We measure paddy, rice with Ada əlu Noun. potato. nĩŋ d ͜ zõ ŋ tom ɖib ̚ əluob ̚ (measuring jar) at Patkhenda festival and ɖojob ũŋɡo. My mother cooked potato give them to twelve village headmen. vegetable curry in the night. (Lit. cooked and kept it). Solanum tubersum .

əwuk ̚ Pl: əwu ʔɡ e. Noun. red ant. əwuk ̚ ri ɖoʔsumo ʔnɑ sib ɑ̃ŋ kun ũŋ bok ̚ wun ɑː tɑ. If red ants are made paste and eaten, fever subsides.

i i See MP: u. Verb. drink. mõ ŋɡlɑː lɑ k ɑː pi ito. irlim Noun. a type of tree. Mongla drinks tea.

iɡme Noun. droppings of goat. ɡime i ɡme ɖɔ tɑ. А goat excretes droppings. is ɑʔ See MP: us ɑ. Noun. skin. əɡ ime ʔ ɡope ʔɖ oʔsek ̚ is ɑʔ t ɑk̚ to ʔ. After slaughtering the goat the skin is peeled off. nĩŋ ɡime ʔnɑ is ɑʔ t ɑʔ k̚ tĩŋ . I peeled off the skin of the goat.

insembi ob ̚ Noun. a type of green leafy vegetable. nejn d ͜ zõ ŋ insembi burõ ŋ ɡɑ̃ʔŋ dojnto. My mother is cooking green leafy vegetable with black beans (Dolichos).

iskul Noun. school. nɑjn ɑ isku ːl ɖum ɑbɑj. Our school is a small one.

inse ʔmi Noun. nose. ɖɔɡ rɑremn ɑ inse ʔmi ɖɑ wub ɑj. The old man's nose is а small one.

ɪk̚ tɑ̃ŋ Noun. cow dung. ik ̚ tɑ̃ŋ burõ ŋ rik ̚ tɑ̃ŋ sĩŋ il ʈɑ tur ɑ̃ŋ Noun. brickkiln. nĩŋ ɖĩŋ o oroj pulej i ʈɑɑɑ ɡɡɡ rik ̚ tɑ̃ŋ to. They smear the house with cow oʔɖ osek ̚ turɑɑɑ̃̃̃ŋosek ̚ b ɑɑɑːlon ĩŋ . For dung. constructing a house, having cut the bricks and made brickkiln, I burnt it.

ɪlʈɑ Noun. brick. ɪlʈɑ bu ɽoŋ ku ɖɔ bɔtɔ. А wall is built with bricks.

u u See DP: i. Verb. 1 • drink. mõ ŋɡlɑː lɑ k ɑː pi uɡ̚ bok ̚ Noun. hair. ɖɔɡ rɑremn ɑ insemibok ̚ s ɪlɑ̃jb ɑj ʊto. Mongla drinks tea. uɡ̚ bok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. Old man has long hair in his 2 • say. nĩŋ nɑ dz ̆ ʌ b ɑnib ɑj u ːsɑrɑm uto. My nose. grandmother tells good story.

uŋker Noun. seed. li ŋɖɑʔ k̚ b ɛlɑ lew ũŋ bok ̚ u ŋker un ɑsũŋ See MP: un ɑsĩŋ . Noun. tiles used for roof. ʊnto. In rainy season we sow the paddy wuj ɖɑ k̚ s ɑksek ̚ un ɑsũŋ ri ŋõ ɖũŋɡɑ . Due to seeds in the paddy field. the wind the tiles of the roof were blown away. (Lit. taken away).

unkus ũj Noun. jackfruit. bɔɳɖɑ ɡɑʈi repte unkus ũj ɖɪ tɑ. There are plenty of jackfruits in Bondo hills.

uj ɑk̚ Noun. jingle bell, anklet of small tinkling bells worn by dancers, pellet bell. uɽu Verb. pour. nĩŋ tu ɡol ɑ ɖɑ k̚ u ɽulo ʔnĩŋ . mõ ŋɡlɑː lɑ uj ɑk̚ tu ʔksit mime ɖent ɑ. Mongla Yesterday, I poured water. having tied anklets is dancing.

uj ĩŋ Noun. salt bag.

un ɑsĩŋ See MP: un ɑsũŋ . Noun. tiles used for roof. wuj ɖɑ k̚ s ɑksek ̚ un ɑsĩŋ ri ŋõ ɖũŋɡɑ . Due to the wind the tiles of the roof were blown away. (Lit. taken away).

uj ʔɖɑːr Noun. kangu corn, fox tail millet. bonib ɑj uʔumbi See MP: oʔõːmbu . Pl: uʔumbi ʔɖ e. Noun. piglet. sɑŋ sɑŋ kɑljɑbɑjbok̚ əɡulɑju ujʔɖɑr ɖi tto. mu ŋɡlin bok ̚ m ũj u ʔumbi ɖut ɑ. Mongli has All varieties of millets which are in red or one piglet. bo ɳɖɑ ɡɑːɳʈi bok̚ əuʔumbiɖe yellow colour or black colour are called as oɖɑ bo ʔsũŋ õ. In Bondo hills the piglets have fox tail millet. Panicum Italicum . been killed.

uʔuːsĩŋ See MP : õʔõs ĩŋ . Noun. chick. Pl: uʔuːsĩŋẽ. ECHO: uʔũː sĩŋ ɑsɑ̃ŋ .nem ĩŋ nɑ ɖiŋõbok ̚ u ʔũː sĩŋ ɖut ɑ. In my elder sister’s house there is a chick. new ɑŋ nɑ ɖiŋõbok ̚ obudi u ʔũː sĩŋẽ ɖut ɑ. In my aunt’s house there are many chicks. new ɑŋ nɑ ɖiŋõbok ̚ u ʔũː sĩŋ ɑsɑ̃ŋ ɑɖ ut ɑ. In my aunt’s house there are no chicks and the like. uli See FV : li . Noun. mango. uli semuk n ɑjn ɑ (u)n ɡom bok ̚ repte su ʔuː ɡit ɑ. Our village mango trees yield/bear many mangoes. Mangifera indica .

uʔũsu ʔ See MP: oʔõso . Pl: uʔũsu ʔɖ e. Noun. puppy. nĩŋ nɑ ɖiŋõbok ̚ muj u ʔũ su ɖut ɑ. I have one puppy in my house. ɖumbrip ɑɖɑ bok ̚ uʔũ su ʔɖ e obudi ɖut ɑ. There are many puppies in Dumbripada.

uʔũːŋɡuj See MP: oʔõːŋɡoj . Pl: uʔũːŋɡuje . Noun. calf. nemb ɑn bok ̚ muj ũ u ʔũːŋɡ uj. My father has a us ɑ See DP: is ɑʔ. Noun. skin, bark of tree, calf. sis ɑn bok ̚ p ɑː sʈɑ u ʔũːŋɡ uje ː ɖut ɑ. The ̚ ̃ wrapper. əboj us ɑ b ɑɡ bok p ɑkɑjto. Cover is priest has five calves. wrapped on the book.

ʊk̚ sõ ŋ2 Noun. ash. sũŋ õ ɡũ jsõ ŋõkun turusõ ŋbok ̚ ʊlɑk̚ kopi Noun. cabbage. ʊlɑk̚ kopi n ɑjn ɑ ŋɡ õmbok ̚ ʊk̚ sõ ŋ ɖɪ tɑ. After the firewood is burnt, ash əbɑmt ɑ. In our village cabbage is not is in the fire-place. available. Brassica oleracea .

ʊŋkus ũj semuk ̚ Noun. jack fruit tree. bɔɳɖɑɡɑʈ i ʊŋkus ũj semuk ̚ repte ɖɪ tɑ. There are plenty of Jackfruit trees in Bondo hills. Artocarpus

heterophyllus . ʊsɑ2 Noun. bark. əsemuk ʊsɑ ɖɪ tɑ. Tree has the bark.

ʊnurok ̚ Noun. trap. nĩŋ l ɑʈɑbok̚ əɡulu ʊroktĩŋ . I ʊːŋ Noun. rope used for carrying pole/ yoke. made а trap for а rabbit in the forest.

ʊlɑk̚ Pl: ʊlɑːʔɡ e. Noun. leaf. əmuj semuk ʊlɑk̚ le repte ʊlɑk̚ ɖɪ tɑ. A tree has many leaves. əsulo ʔbe obudi ul ɑɡ e ɖut ɑ. A tree has many leaves.

ʊːŋɡber Noun. sling. ʊːŋɡber burõŋ bire tuto. Stone is thrown with a sling.

e er Verb. winnow with wind. nĩŋ tu ɡol ɑ kerõŋ es ɑː r Noun. the appendage of pestle that is jero ʔnĩŋ . Yesterday, I winnowed paddy designed with iron. with wind.

o orle Noun. parrot. semu ɡnɑ kurp ɑbok ̚ orle ɖɪ tɑ. oʔom Noun. arrow. nĩŋ bok ̚ ĩŋɡiʔi o ʔom ɖɪ tɑ. I have There is a parrot in the hole of а tree. three arrows.

oʔõso See DP: uʔũsu ʔ. Noun. puppy. bʊdɑnbok ̚ dɔsʈɑ o ʔõso ɖɪ tɑ. Buda has ten puppies.

olsi Noun. linseed plant, flaxseed plant. Linum oʔõːŋɡoj See DP: uʔũːŋɡuj. Pl: oʔõːŋɡoje . Noun. calf. usitatissimum . nĩŋ nɑ d ͜ zo ʔoːŋ õj o ʔõːŋ oj be ɖot ɑ. The cow gave birth to a calf. mund ɑlip ɑɖɑ bok ̚ obudi oʔõːŋɡ oʔje ɖit ɑ. In Mundulipada there are many calves.

oʔõːmbu See DP: uʔumbi . Noun. piglet. somb ɑrinbok ̚ oːrõj Noun. sickle. mo ŋɡlɑlɑ orõj burõ ŋ kerõŋ ojto. nɔʈɑ o ʔõːmbu ɖɪ tɑ. Sombari has nine piglets. Mongla is cutting paddy with а sickle.

oʔɡ oʔ Verb. carry a child in a sling hung across shoulder and armpit. əʔ uɳɖẽj mpo buro ŋ oʔɡ oʔ. (You) carry a child with a cloth in a sling (hung across shoulder and armpit). õʔõs ĩŋ See DP: uʔuːsĩŋ . Noun. chick. nĩŋ nɑ ɖĩ jobok ̚ sɑtr ɑ õʔõs ĩŋ ɖɪ tɑ. There are seven chicks in my house.

õːns Noun. duck. õːns ɖijobok ̚ bo ɾoto. Ducks are being reared in the house.

ɔrti Noun. ring. somb ɑril ɑ mojn ɑbɑj ɔrti t ũŋɡ õt ɑ. ɔlɑː nt ɑr Noun. dancing in the festivals by holding Sombari is wearing a beautiful ring. hands from the back in a group. porob ̚ be ːlɑ sel ɑː ne ɔlɑː nt ɑrsek ̚ me ʔtɑ. During the festival women dance by holding hands.

k kɑɖisõŋ Noun. matchstick. bʊdɑlɑ k ɑɖisõŋ o ɖlo kɑrko ʔtuj Noun. jackfruit mushroom. uŋks ũjbok ̚ newusõ ŋ bu ɖo. Buda is smoking cigar after kɑrko ʔtujtur ɡut ɑ. jackfruit mushroom lighting with а match stick. sprouted on jackfruit tree.

kɑɽ id ͜ zõj Noun. match box. ɖubrip ɑɽɑ bok ̚ k ɑɽ id ͜ zõj əbɑmt ɑ. Matchbox is not available in Dumbripada. kɑrl ɑ Noun. bitter gourd. nɑj ojk ɑ k ɑrl ɑ ob ̚ sumon ɑj. Today I will eat bitter gourd curry.

kɑtikok ̚ Pl: kɑtiko ʔɡ e. Noun. cowpea, white hyacinth bean, lablab bean. nejn ɑ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ ̚ kɑtikok untunej. We plant white hyacinth kɑʔɖ u Noun. bracelet, armlet. kɑʔɖ u ŋɡ eres ɑ sel ɑne beans in our kitchen garden. Dolichos tĩŋ to. Bracelet is worn by unmarried girls. lablab .

kɑː nd ɑ Noun. big knife. ɖep ̚ tɑnɑ k ɑː nd ɑ sis ɑ b ɑɡ bok ̚ bũŋ bũŋ ɖuɖɑ jʔ ɖent ɑ. The priest is climbing kɑnɑ2 Noun. hole, window. kʰoʈrũŋɑpi əsemuk the tree to keep the sword of Goddess on kɑnɑ ɖent ɑ. Woodpecker is making a hole top of it. in the tree. ʊrɑ̃j k ɑnɑbok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. Rat is in the hole.

kɑ̃ŋ kɑ̃ŋɡ ti Noun. lady-fern, common lady-fern. Athyrium filix-femina .

ki ɳɖɑ k̚ 1 Noun. sea. ki ɳɖɑ k̚ bok ̚ ɖõŋɡɑ tutu ːjrem tujto. kim ɑ See MP: kum ɑ. Transitive verb. bathe oneself. Boatman sails the boat in the sea. nĩŋ burõŋ wujse ɡɑ i ʔk̚ sek kim ɑʔ tĩŋ . I went to the forest and bathe.

ki ɳɖɑ k̚ 2 Noun. river. ki ɳɖɑ k̚ p ɑli mun ɑʔ mun ɑʔ sulop ̚ ɖut ɑ. There are big trees on the sides of the riverbank.

kir ɑ̃ŋ See FV: kiri ŋẽj. Noun. semli tree, silk cotton tree. burluk ̚ bok ̚ kir ɑ̃ŋ sulop ̚ ɖut ɑ. In the forest there are silk cotton trees (K ɑpok tree). Bombax ceiba . ki ɳɖĩŋ Noun. drum. mɔŋɡlɑla ki ɳɖĩŋ buk ʔto. Mongla is playing a drum.

kir ɑ̃j1 Noun. grass. kɪrɑ̃j ɡoɽo rũŋõsɪtɑ əɡojtɑ̃ŋ be ɽoʔnĩŋ . Having cut and brought the grass kinsup ̚ See MP: kesup ̚ . Pl: kinsu ɡ̚ʔ be. Noun. I will feed the cattle. winnowing basket/tray. remole kinsup ̚ burõ ŋ bu ʔɡ̚ eːrrent ɑ. The Bondo people are winnowing with a winnowing tray.

kir ɑ̃j2 See FV: kir ẽj. Noun. weeds. somb ɑː ril ɑ lew ũŋ bok ̚ kir ɑ̃j tuk ̚ tuk ̚ ɖen ɡɑ . Sombari has removed weeds in the field.

kiri ŋẽj See FV: kir ɑ̃ŋ . Noun. semli tree, silk cotton kuk ũŋ Noun. peacock. kuk ũŋ m ɛtɑ. Peacock is tree. dancing. kuk ũŋ l ɑʈɑ bok̚ m ɛtɑ. Peacock is dancing in the forest.

kir ẽj See FV: kir ɑ̃j2. Noun. weeds, grass, ku ʈru Noun. harrow or levelling board. ku ʈru burõ ŋ liw ũŋ tuj ʔluk ̚ tuj ʔto. With the leveller we level the paddy field.

ki ɾəŋ̃ sɑr Noun. almond (not edible).

ku ɖij ɑ Noun. a hut/ dormitory in the high-land field, for watching crops. nej burõ ŋ bok ̚ ku ɖij ɑ oʔrõjntunej. We build a hut/ dormitory in the high-land field, for watching crops. kɪlɑ Noun. handle of handmill.

ku ɖo Noun. wall. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijo u ʔu ku ɖo ɖɪ tɑ. My house has four walls.

kukus ɑk̚ See FV: kʊsɑk̚ . Noun. tiger. kuk ʊsɑk̚ əmoŋɡlɑn ɡõjtɑ̃ŋ sumo . Tiger ate Mangla’s cow.

ku ɳʈ i Noun. wooden nail. ku ɳʈ i ki ʔɖ obok ̚ t ɑ̃ŋ õsek ̚ kum ɖɑ Noun. pumpkin. nĩŋ bok ̚ m ʊnɑ m ʊnɑ kum ɖo mu ʔnɑ o ʔɡɑɖĩŋ to. Having nailed a wooden dɔsʈɑ ɖɪ tɑ. I have ten big pumpkins. nail into the wall a bag is hung to it.

kum ɖɑ pɑʔ Noun. pumpkin leaf. kum ɖɑ pɑʔ n ĩŋ nɑ kunuj mojn ɑbɑj r ɑ̃ŋ o. My wife cooks delicious curry with pumpkin leaf. ku ɳɖ i Noun. pot used for cooking rice/curry. ku ɳɖ ibok ̚ kj ɑ̃ŋ m ɑʔ r ɑ̃ŋ to. Rice and curry are cooked in a pot.

kumbur Noun. iron rod used for pounding turmeric and red chillies.

kunu ɡ̚ bɔʔ Noun. bund in a field. kunu ɡ̚ bɔʔ ɑliw ũŋ bok ̚ ɖɑʔ k̚ susop ̚ pulej bo ʔtunej. In the plain land field bund makes to flow the water.

kum ɑ See DP: kim ɑ. Transitive verb. bathe oneself. los ɪmɑ b ɑlʈibok ̚ ɖɑʔ k̚ kum ɑtɑ. Lakshmi is taking bath herself with а bucket of water. kur Noun. hoof. ɡojt ɑŋ k ʊɾɑ d ɪts ɑ əloktɑ. Since, cattle have hooves they will not fall down.

kure Noun. a kind of tree. kusi Noun. key. sije ɖokun kusi n ĩŋ bok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. A key is with me to the coloured thread.

kurl ɑ̃ːŋ Noun. broken pan. kus ɪnɑ ɡiɡej Noun. thread/rope of a key. kusin ɑ ɡiɡej boɳɖɑselɑne əlubujɖɑk̚ tutɑ . Bondo women tie thread of a key to beads necklace.

kurs ɑk̚ me ʔ Noun. goat's beard. əɡ ime ʔ kurs ɑk̚ me ʔ ɖut ɑ. A goat has beard.

kũŋ õ See MP: kũj. Noun. well. ɖumbrip ɑɖɑ bok ̚ kũŋ õ mujs ɑ əɖ ut ɑ. There is no well in Dumbripada.

kurs ɑː li Noun. wooden pin of a plough. kurs ɑliburõŋ əsine t ɑ̃ŋ lɑʔ tɑ. With a wooden pin the kũj See DP: kũŋ õ. Noun. well. plough is tightened.

kũjik ̚ Noun. tortoise. kũjik ̚ p ɑrɑkbok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. Tortoise is in the river.

kʊrɑ̃j Noun. flat earthen pot for soaking/frying millet. kʊrɑjbok ̚ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r ɡɑ jto. In the big pot millet are being fried.

kʊrm ɑ Noun. owl. kʊrm ɑpi semukn ɑ kurp ɑbok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. kesup ̚ See DP: kinsup ̚ . Noun. winnowing Owl is in the hole of а tree. basket/tray. tribud ͜ zo kinsup ̚ bɑj ɖɪ tɑ. A winnowing basket/tray is in the shape of а triangle.

kʊsɑk̚ See FV: kukus ɑk̚ . Noun. tiger. əkʊsɑk̚ ki ɾime ɖɪ tɑ. A Tiger has claws. ke ʔtũŋ Noun. sky. ke ʔtũŋ p ɑrɑk̚ sijeb ɑj ɖɪ tɑ. The Sky is blue.

kʊ̃ŋɑ Noun. long handle sickle. kʊ̃ŋɑburõŋ bʊdɑlɑ ɑjbur ɑjto. Budha is cutting wild plants with а Billhook.

ko ɳʈ lɑse Noun. ploughshoe. ko ɳʈ lɑseburõ ŋ sise se ʔlo ʔnɑ tubuk ̚ bok ̚ limto. If it is ploughed kerõ ŋ Pl: kerõ ŋẽ. Noun. paddy. kerõ ŋ bi ɖoʔnɑ with a plough, the ploughshoe pierces the ɖum ɑ ɖum ɑ turs ɑʔ k n ɑ mun ɑʔ t ɑ. If paddy earth. is sown small sprouts will germinate and they will become big.

konti Noun. wall. kʰɑil ɑbɑj ɡiremp ũj kontib ɑɡ bok ̚ kosutur Noun. mongoose. kosutur ɑbubu ɔbt ɔ. lɑjɡit ɑ. The black cat sat on the wall. Mongoose kills snake.

kojilipi Noun. cuckoo. kojl ɑpi l ɑʈɑ bok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. Cuckoo is in the forest. kɔʈ i Noun. a ploughshaft.

kojl ɑ See DP: kolj ɑ. Pl: kojl ɑle . Noun. fox. kɔjl ɑ mɑlɑpt ɑ. Fox is howling.

kɔʈɔ Noun. timber. kɔʈɔ burõ ŋ ku ɖɔ ɔrɑ̃jnto. Door is made with timber.

kolont Pl: kolontule . Noun. horse-gram. tu ɡol ɑ jõ ŋɖip nemb ĩŋ kolonto ɖõjõ. Yesterday my

elder sister-in-law has cooked horse-gram.

kj ɑ̃ŋ pi Noun. sparrow. kj ɑ̃ŋ pi n ɑjn ɑ ʊɳɡ ombok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. There is a sparrow in our village

kolj ɑ See MP: kojl ɑ. Pl: kolj ɑː le . Noun. fox. burlukbok ̚ kolj ɑː le obudi ɖut ɑ. In the forest there are many foxes.

ɡɑ d͜ zor Pl: ɡɑ d͜ zore . Noun. carrot. ɡɑ d͜ zor n ɑjn ɑ ɡɑ jʔse Noun. commemoration anniversary, death ŋɡombok̚ əɖɪtɑ . In our village carrot is not ritual. remo ɡɔɡ nɑ dosdinbok ̚ ɡɑ jʔset ɑ. If а there (available). əɡɑːd͜ zore ɡime ʔ susum person dies we will celebrate a bole ɖik ̚ to. Goat likes to eat carrots. Daucas commemoration anniversary. carota .

ɡɑ rj ɑ See FV: ɡɑ jr ɑ. Pl: ɡɑ rj ɑle . Noun. stainless ɡɑ jr ɑ See DP: ɡɑ rj ɑ. Noun. stainless steel/aluminium vessel. ɡɑ rj ɑ b ɑɡ bok ̚ steel/aluminium vessel. nĩŋ nɑ ɖĩ jobok ̚ pitol kinsup ̚ ɖɑ lulo ʔtɑ. On the large stainless steel ɡɑ jr ɑ ɖɪ tɑ. There is а brass vessel in my pot (for storing water) the winnowing house. basket/tray is kept on the normal side.

ɡɑ jʔsɑ Noun. wooden ladle/spoon used for removing husk of the little millet. nem ĩŋ ɡɑ jʔsɑ burõ ŋ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r ɡɑʔ jto. My elder sister is removing the husk of little millet (sua ɡiɡe Pl: ɡiɡele . Noun. worship, a promise to offer corn) with a wooden ladle. a sacrifice to God. bɔɳɖɑ len ɖijobok ̚ ɡiɡen ɑ ɖijo ɖɪ tɑ. There is а worship room/prayer room in the Bondos' house.

ɡiɡej Noun. rope made of sesbania tree bark.

ɡibeso Pl: ɡibesole . Noun. bear. ɡibeso unkus ũj sumto. Bear eats jack fruit. ənt ɑʔbe ɡibesole susum bole ɖitto. Bears love to eat Banyan tree fruits. ɡiɖɑ̃ŋ bul ẽj See MP: ɡʊɖɑ̃ŋ bul ɑ̃j. Pl: ɡiɖɑ̃ŋ bul ẽjẽ. Noun. roof. wuj ɖɑ k̚ ɖɑ k̚ s ɑk̚ sek ̚ ɡiɖɑŋ bul ẽj ri ŋõ ɖũŋɡɑ . Due to the wind the roof has been blown away.

ɡine Noun. tooth. əɡʊ lɑ ɡine əɳɖ rɑ. The child does not have teeth.

ɡibi See MP: ɡubu 1. Noun. pig, hog. ɡibi simlik ̚ sĩŋɡ le ʔmo ʔtɑ, tum ũŋ o p ɑː rop ̚ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r sumto. Pig sleeps whole day and entire night eats little millet (Sua corns) crop. ɡim Verb. winnow. nejndz ͜ zõ ŋ kinsup ̚ burõ ŋ kerõ ŋ ɡimto. My mother winnows paddy with winnowing basket/tray.

ɡimes ɑlu See FV: sɑlume ʔ. Noun. goat's shed. ɡibe ɡɑ̃ŋɡ Pl: ɡibe ɡɑ̃ŋɡẽ. Noun. black gram. ɡibe ɡɑ̃ŋɡ nɑ ɡɑ ri or ɑjõsek ̚ o ːʈ elbok ̚ sumto. We eat the round cake made of black gram in the hotel. Vigna mungo .

ɡime ʔ Pl: ɡime ʔɖ e. Noun. goat. somb ɑril ɑ ɡime ɡire Noun. chest. remon ɑ m ʊnɑbɑj ɡire. Remo ɡuɡõj r ũŋɡɑ . Sombari has taken goat to the person has broad chest. forest. Genus Capra .

ɡis ɑk̚ See FV: ɡɪ sak ̚ . Pl: ɡis ɑʔɡ e. See DP: ɡus ɑk̚ . ɡime ʔse Noun. mutton. po ɳki burõ ŋ ɡime ʔse ɡoto. Noun. monkey. ɡɪ sɑk̚ ɑmũjsemuk ɡɑ ri She is cutting goat meat with а knife. ɑmũjsemuk op ɔtɑ. Monkey is jumping from one tree to another tree.

ɡisim ɑr Noun. beechwood tree. Gmelina arborea .

ɡije Noun. rope. musuk suk ɡij ẽ nĩŋ bok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. I have a roll of rope. əɡɔ jt ɑ̃ŋ ɡijeburo ŋ tuto. Cattle are tied with rope.

ɡisĩŋ Noun. hen. Pl: ɡisi ŋẽ. ECHO: ɡis ĩŋ ɡɑ sɑ̃ŋ . sɔmɑnɑ ɡis ĩŋ ʊntob ̚ sĩŋ ɖɛ nt ɑ. Soma’s hen is laying eggs. new ɑ̃ŋ nɑ ɖiŋõbok ̚ ɡis ĩŋ ɡɑ sɑ̃ŋ əɖ ut ɑ. There are no hen and the like in my aunt's house. nĩŋ be ːrɑ əɡ is ĩŋẽː ɖɑ mũŋ əɖɑ lut ĩŋ . Tomorrow I will cover the hens under the big basket (coop).

ɡis ĩŋ mor ɑj Noun. a forest flower.

ɡis ĩŋ s ɑlu Noun. coop, fowl's shelter. nĩŋ nɑ ɡunuk ̚ Noun. chisel. mo ŋɡlɑlɑ ɡunuk ̚ burõ ŋ sine ɡis ĩŋ sɑlubok ̚ dos ʈɑ ɡis ĩŋ ɖut ɑ. There are ten kɑnɑto. Mongla is making hole in a plough hens in my coop. with а chisel.

ɡunuk ̚ sõ ŋ Pl: ɡunuk ̚ sõ ŋẽ. Noun. firewood bundle. no ɡunuk ̚ sõ ŋ le ʔ. You lift the firewood bundle.

ɡɪ tɑ̃jl ɑ Noun. grasshopper. ɡɪtɑ̃jlɑ əkerõŋ nɑʂʈo ɖemo Grasshopper damages the paddy filed.

ɡun ũŋɡũŋɡ Noun. string instrument. no ɡun ũŋɡũŋ ɡũŋɡũŋ . You play bamboo string instrument.

ɡuɡɑː k̚ bulu Noun. a type of fruit. ɡuno ʔob ̚ Noun. leaf packet for keeping different types of grains. ri ɡɖɑʔ r s ɑʔ me kerõ ŋ ɡuno ʔob ̚ ɡuɡoʔbosek ̚ pudz ̆ ʌː rinbok ̚ ɡiɡe pul ẽj be ʔtunej. Little millet, finger millet and paddy having kept in a leaf packet, we give it to a priest for worshipping.

ɡuɳɖ o Noun. powder. ɡuɳɖ oburõ ŋ boluk ̚ sɑm bo ʔto. A cake is made with finger millet powder.

ɡup ɑm̚ Pl: ɡup ɑː m̚ e. Noun. parasitic plant. sulop ̚ bɑɡ̚ bok ̚ p ɑː lsulop ̚ s ɑk̚ sek ̚ lej ʔnɑ ɡup ɑm ɖitto. ɡun ɑjʔbok ̚ Noun. a red coloured beads garland. On a tree if another tree grows then it is bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑne ɡun ɑjʔbok ̚ ɡɑ jbo ʔk̚ nɑ called a parasitic plant. mojn ɑbɑj tun ɑtɑ. If Bondo women wear red coloured beads garland on head, they look beautiful.

ɡubu See DP: ɡibi . Noun. pig, hog. mo ŋɡlɑlɑ ɡus ɑk̚ See MP: ɡis ɑk̚ . Pl: ɡus ɑʔɡ e/ ɡis ɑkʔɡ e. Noun. ɖembubok ̚ ɖɔ sʈɑ ɡubu ɖɪ tɑ. There are ten monkey. burõ ŋbok ̚ obudi ɡus ɑk̚ ɖut ɑ. In the pigs in Mongla’s pigsty. forest there are many monkeys.

ɡus ɑ̃ŋ teb Noun. a kind of tree.

ɡubur Noun. a kind of thorny plant.

ɡus ɑ̃ŋ s ʊrɑj s ɑri Noun. a forest flower.

ɡujsõŋ Noun. fireplace, hearth, oven. nĩŋ nɑ ɖõŋkuj ɡujsõŋõ sit ɑ s ũŋ õ o ɽoːɖ ent ɑ. My co- daughter-in-law is blowing the air to lift fire at the fireplace.

ɡusu ʔ See MP: ɡuso . Pl: ɡusu ʔɡ̚ɖ e. Noun. dog. ɡusu ʔ bubo ʔbo ʔtɑ. Dog is barking.

ɡuj ʔtɑ̃ŋ See MP: ɡoj ʔtɑ̃ŋ . Pl: ɡuj ʔtɑ̃ŋẽ. Noun. cow. ɡirine nejn ɑ ɡuj ʔtɑ̃ŋẽ tu ʔnɑ ɡut ɑ. Those are our cattle which are visible.

ɡuso See DP: ɡusu ʔ. Noun. dog. əbʊdɑlɑ teks ũŋ bok ̚ ɡuso ɔbo be ɖo. Dog has bitten Buda’s leg.

ɡʊɖɑ̃ŋ bul ɑ̃j See DP: ɡiɖɑ̃ŋ bul ẽj. Noun. roof. ɡʊɖɑ̃ŋ ɡonolik ̚ po Noun. sari. somb ɑril ɑ s ɛlɑ̃ŋ bɑj ɡonolik ̚ po bul ɑ̃j b ɑɡ bok ̚ ɡɔ jt ɑ̃ŋ nɑ s ɪks ɑ̃ŋ b ũŋ to. Bone ɡolik ̚ ɡɪ tɑ. Sombari is wearing a yellow of a cow is kept on the roof of the house. saree.

ɡʊnɑ Noun. a shed erected on poles in a field for a person to watch the crop.

ɡoj ʔtɑ̃ŋ Pl: ɡoj ʔtɑ̃ŋẽ. See DP: ɡuj ʔtɑ̃ŋ . Noun. cattle, cow. kuk ʊsɑk̚ əmoŋɡlɑn ɡõjtɑ̃ŋ sumo . Tiger ate Mangla’s cattle.

ɡʊls ɑ Noun. catapult. ɡʊls ɑburõŋ əpiri tinto. A bird is shot with a catapult.

ɡosi Noun. loin cloth, a small piece of cloth worn over the privates (by men). bɔɳɖɑ remo inloko ɳɖ ek ̚ ɡosiki ɡɑ . In olden days Bondo people were wearing loin cloth.

ɡeɳɖɑʔ k̚ Noun. place where water is available, spring. no ɡeɳɖɑʔ k̚ ɡeno ʔrĩŋ . You bring water form spring.

ɡɛɖɑ Noun. bolt. bɔɳɖɑ len ɖijobok ̚ nɑ p ɑʈɑ bok ̚ ɡɛɖɑ l ɑɡɡɪ tɑ. Bolts are used on the doors of ɡɔ jt ɑ̃ŋ nɑ s ɪks ɑ̃ŋ Noun. bone of cattle. ɡʊɖɑ̃ŋ bul ɑ̃j Bondo’s Houses. bɑɡ bok ̚ ɡɔ jt ɑ̃ŋ nɑ s ɪks ɑ̃ŋ b ũŋ to. Bone of a cow is kept on the roof of the house.

ŋɡũŋ rɑk̚ Noun. date palm. bur ẽj ŋɡũŋɡ rɑbok ̚ bitre ŋɡõ Noun. crab. ŋɡõ tum ũŋ o turt ɑ. Crab comes ɖut ɑ. White parasitic worm is inside the out at night. root of the date palm. Phoenix dactylifera .

ŋɡers ĩŋ Noun. bachelor's dormitory. ŋɡers ĩŋ nɑ ɖĩŋ obok ̚ sel ɑː mbuj mor ĩŋ rem le ʔmo ʔtɑ. ŋɡõm Pl: ŋɡõːme . Noun. village. nĩŋ nɑ m ʊnɑʔ bɑ Unmarried men sleep in bachelor's nɑjn ɑ u ŋɡ ombok ̚ n ɑjk ɖɪ tɑ. My father’s dormitory. elder brother is a village headman.

ŋɡor ɡɑ Noun. a large brown millipede.

t͜ s t͜ sɑlni Noun. strainer. kɑpi ː t͜ sɑlnibok ̚ s ɑnɑto. Tea is t͜ sɑʔti Noun. a ladle, a spoon made of bamboo

strained with а strainer. stick. t͜ sa ʔtiburõ ŋ kj ɑ̃ŋ s ɑkurto. (cooked) rice is stirred with a ladle.

REMO/BONDO-ENGLISH PICTORIAL DICTIONARY d͜ zono ɡ̚ rɑ̃ŋ

t͜ sɑːʈu Numeral. ladle, scoop, big spoon.

d͜ z d͜ zɑnt ɑ Pl: d͜ zɑnt ɑː le . Noun. handmill. d͜ zɑnt ɑ burõŋ d͜ zũŋ d͜ zũŋ li Noun. upper earring. somb ɑril ɑ sɑʔme ris ɑm ri ʔto ʔ. With a hand mill we d͜ zun ũŋ lu s ẽŋɡlũŋ lu ʔnturbok ̚ t ũŋ ot ɑ. grind finger millet (m ɑɳɖ ej ɑ corn). Sombari is wearing upper earrings on her earlobes.

d͜ zud ͜ zor ɖɑ k̚ Noun. stream. d͜ zud ͜ zor ɖɑ k̚ bok ̚ to ɳɖ or turon ɑ əɽ õŋ woj ʔtɑ. Fish are caught by placing a fish trap in the stream.

d͜ zono ɡ̚ r ɑ̃ŋ Noun. ladder. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijobok ̚ r ɑŋɖɑ k̚ bok ̚

ɖɪɖɑ j p ʊlɑj d ͜ zono ɡ̚ r ɑ̃ŋ ɖɪ tɑ. There is a ladder in my house for climbing the loft.

d͜ zol ɑntri Noun. weeds. d͜ zõ ŋsĩŋ See DP : jõ ŋsĩŋ . Noun. mother hen. d͜ zõ ŋsĩŋ əoʔõsi ŋẽ sɪsɑro ː sumto. Mother hen is feeding her chicks (by pricking the grain).

d͜ zɔnɑ Noun. maize. burõ ŋ d ͜ zɔnɑ pu ʔto. Fry the d͜ zo ːʔŋõj DP : jõ ŋɡuj . Noun. cow. d͜ zo ːŋ õj əoʔõŋɖɑ̃j forest maize. obuseb ̚ ɖɑʔ k̚ ɖɛ nt ɑ. Cow is giving milk to its calf.

d͜ zõ ŋ See DP: jõ ŋ. Noun. mother. nĩŋ d ͜ zõ ŋ b ɑnib ɑj kj ɑ̃ŋ r ɑ̃ŋ to. My mother cooks food deliciously. d͜ zɔlk ɑ Noun. window. bɔɳɖɑ len ɖijobok ̚ s ɑrmo ɡɑ r

ɖʊ mɑ ɖʊ mɑ d ͜ zɔlk ɑ ɖɪ tɑ. There are small windows in Bondo’s house.

d͜ zõ ŋti Noun. thumb.

dz ̆ ip ɡɑɖi Noun. Jeep. nɑjn ɑ ŋɡ õmbok ̚ dz ̆ ip ɡɑɽ i ɖɪ tɑ. There is а Jeep in our village.

dz ̆ ir ɑ Noun. basket snare to catch fish. dz ̆ ir ɑburõ ŋ dz ̆ ʌːm Noun. guava. dz ̆ ʌːm ɡoɖosit ɑ əɡ ul ɑjne bondbok̚ əɖõŋ sɑp̚to . Fish are caught with a be ɖon ĩŋ . Having cut the guava, I gave it to fish trap/basket in a pond. children. Psidium Guajava .

dz ̆ ʌːʈ pɔrɑb̚ Noun. Mock fight festival celebrated in the month of January. bo ɳɖɑ remole dz ̆ ʌːʈipor ɑb̚ bɛlɑ mun ɑ sok ̚ sek ̚ lulu ʔsum bulto ʔ. Bondo people go around the village for begging by holding a bag at the time of mock fight festival.

ɲunõ ŋ Noun. yoke, the small rafter lay across the plough. nĩŋ be ːrɑ əɡujtɑ̃ŋ sinelĩŋbok̚ ɲunõŋ ɲõŋõsɛk̚ sise əset ĩŋ . Tomorrow after tying yoke to the cattle, I will not plough the land.

ʈɑ mok ̚ Noun. small drum. əʈɑ mok ̚ mb ɑʔ r bu ɖũŋ ʈoʔmn ɑ Pl: ʈoʔmn ɑː le . Noun. beak. be ːrɑ n ĩŋ nɑ ɡis ĩŋ burõ ŋ buk ̚ to. Small drum is played with two ʈoʔmn ɑ burõŋ ɡuʔɡ o kerõŋ sumto. sticks. Tomorrow my hen will eat paddy by pricking.

ʈɑ̃ŋɡi Pl: ʈɑ̃ŋɡile . Noun. battle-axe, pole-axe. dɪsɑːri kurũŋbok̚ əremo ɡiɡebɛlɑ əɡime ʈɑ̃ŋɡ iburõ ŋ sep ̚ to ʔ. The sorcerer /exorcist slaughters a goat with a battle axe near the footpath at the time of (Bondo) people worshiping. ʈʰɑmok ̚ Noun. tabla. əɖ il ɑ p ɔrɑblo ʈʰɑ mok ̚ buk ̚ to. Adi is playing small musical drum (tabla) in the festival.

ʈɑ̃ŋdz ̆ ʌ Noun. axe. ʈɑ̃ŋdz ̆ ʌ burõ ŋ nimb ɑ su ŋõ w ɑk̚ to. My father cuts wood with an axe.

ʈɪ kɑ kom Noun. pole. lɑin l ɑɡɑ jb ɑr p ʊlɑj ʈɪ kɑ kom ɔrɑ̃jo. Poles are fixed for stringing the electrical cable.

ɖɑ nkuni Noun. lid. somb ɑril ɑ nokib ɑɡ bok ̚ ɖɑ nkuni ɖɑ mɖi Noun. a row of cattle/bullocks driven abreast bũŋ õ. Sombari is covering lid on the to thresh-out millet/corn etc. nej lilen ɖrik ̚ cooking mettle vessel. bɛlɑ əɡujʔtɑ̃ŋ ɖɑmɖi tuloʔsek̚ lilenɖrik̚ lilentunej. At the time of threshing the heads of millet we tie a row of cattle/bullocks together and they are driven abreast to thresh-out millet/corn etc.

ɖɑ mũŋ Noun. 20 Kgs big basket used for storage. əɖɑ mũŋ n ĩŋ nɑ ɖijobok ̚ kerõ ŋ ɖɪ tɑ. There is paddy in the big basket (Damung) in my house. ɖɑ lɑ Noun. big basket used for storing paddy. ɖɑ lɑbok ̚ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r s ɑʔ me b ũŋ tun ɑj. Little millet (rigdar) and finger millet (Same) are kept in the basket.

ɖɑ mũŋ kinsup ̚ Pl: ɖɑ mũŋ e kinsu ɡ̚ be . Noun. basket and winnowing basket/tray. remole b ɑrsin ĩŋ ersin ĩŋ mun ɖop ̚ buro ŋ ɖemo ʔnɑ lilen ɖrik ̚ bɛlɑ ɖɑ mu ŋ kinsup ̚ o ɖibo ʔsek ̚ ɡelo ʔkunu ŋ ɖɑ wb ɑjp əɾɑ k Noun. brook. burõ ŋ b ɑɳʈɑ tɑ. At the time of threshing the heads of millet with the cattle at the highland field, the Remos of two or three houses jointly work together. They will keep upside down the bamboo basket and winnowing basket/tray and perform a ritual. After that they distribute the grains among themselves. ɖɑ sũŋ Noun. 200 Kgs big basket used for storing grains. somb ɑrin ɑ ɖĩ jobok ̚ u ʔũ ɖɑ sũŋ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r ɖɪ tɑ. Sombari has four big baskets of little millet in her house.

ɖɑʔ k̚ ɡolejn ɑ p ɑʈɑ NP. a plank used as a bench for ɖinep̚ sõ ŋ Noun. matchbox. keeping water pot or vessels. ɖɑʔ k̚ ɡolejn ɑ pɑʈɑ bok ̚ ɡɑ rj ɑː bok ̚ ɖɑ k̚ b ũŋ to. Water containing mettle vessels are kept on the plank.

ɖijo See MP: ɖiŋõ. Noun. house. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijo əsũŋ lõ ŋburõŋ ɑʔtɪnɑj. My roof of the house is thatched with grass.

ɖɑːɳɖ i Noun. ploughshaft. əɖɑːɳɖ i kurs ɑː li t ɑ̃ŋ on ɑ ʈai ʈ ɖent ɑ. Ploughshaft is tightened with a wooden pin.

ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌːbur Pl: ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌːbure . Noun. kitchen garden. nɑjn ɑ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ repte sorlõj su ʔuɡɪ tɑ. The plant bore plenty of cucumbers in our kitchen garden.

ɖi( ː)r ẽŋ Noun. cow bell. sornib ɑj ɡuj ʔtɑ̃ŋ bok ̚ ɖir ẽŋ tutunej. Cowbell is tied to the stray cow.

ɖĩŋɖĩŋ tum Noun. a small bamboo basket used to measure grain in Patkhenda festival. pɑːʈ kʰeɳɖɑ b ɛlɑ ɖĩŋɖĩŋ tum bok ̚ su ʔto. At the time of Patkhenda festival paddy is measured with the bamboo basket.

ɖuɖosõ ŋ Noun. firewood.

ɖiŋõ Pl: ɖiŋõl ẽ. See DP: ɖijo . Noun. house. nĩŋ nɑ diŋõbok̚ əʔji ɖɑʔtikuj ɖutɑ . Little milk is in my house.

ɖun See MP: ɖɔ n. Verb. carry on shoulder. sɑpũŋ ɖembu Noun. pigsty. mo ŋɡlɑnɑ ɖembubok ̚ d ɔsʈɑ ɖuno ʔ i ːʔɖ ent ɑ. He is coming with Salfi beer ɡubu ɖɪ tɑ. There are ten pigs in Mongla’s (Sapung) by carrying on the shoulder with a pigsty. stick.

ɖer ũŋ Noun. horn. əɡ ojt ɑŋ imb ɑʔr ɖer ũŋ ɖɪ tɑ. Cattle have two horns.

ɖumni Noun. ladle made of small dried bottle gourd which is used to scoop and drink Salfi beer. əɖ umni s ɑpũŋ i ʔto. With the ladle (made of small dried bottle gourd) he/she drinks Salfi beer. ɖer ũŋ su Noun. stag horn. əsulup ɖer ũŋ ɖɪ tɑ. Stag has horns.

ɖumb ɑd͜ zu ɖɑ k̚ Noun. a type of tree.

̚ ɖũŋɡjɑ Noun. tobacco, local cigarette. ɖũŋɡjɑ ɖɔɡ rɑrem Noun. old person. nɑjn ɑ u ŋɡ ombok remole ɑːʈ bok ̚ sobo ʔsek ̚ sumto. Tobacco is bo ɳɖɑ remo repte ɖɔɡ rɑrem ɖɪ tɑ. There are purchased in the market and it is chewed by many Bondo people who are old men in our the Remo people. village.

ɖʊ nɑː rẽj Noun. lid.

ɖɔ n See DP: ɖun . Verb. carry, carry on shoulder. bɔɳɖɑrem ɔ ɡʊɽɑːŋ bok ̚ su ŋõ ɖɔ no r ũŋ to. Bondo people carry and bring wood on their shoulder.

ɳɖ ers ɑ Noun. inflorescence of Salfi tree. remole ɳɖ rɑ̃ŋ ɡɑ jb ũŋ Noun. a kind of creeper. ɳɖ rɑ̃ŋ əɳɖ ers ɑ ɡoɖoʔnɑ s ɑpũŋ turt ɑ. Remo people, ɡɑ jb ũŋ s ɑʔ mebok ̚ turn ɑ ti ɡlu ɡoʔsek ̚ when they cut the stalk of the inflorescence oɽok ̚ sũŋ tunej. If creeper sprouts in finger (of Salfi tree) Salfi beer drips. millet (crop), it is plucked and thrown away.

t tɑk̚ Noun. shelf (wooden plank fixed to a wall). tɑjntur Verb. weave, fix fence, hedge. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijobok ̚ nĩŋ nɑ ɖijobok ̚ nɑ ku ɽobok ̚ t ɑkot ɑko ɡur ũŋ t ɑinturo ʔtĩŋ . I am fixing (Lit. ɖijkun ũŋ bok ̚ boj ɡɪ nɑ t ʰɑ li ɡʊ lɑj dz ̆ insu weaving) a fence around my house. bũŋ tin ɑj. We keep books, plates, utensils and all other items on а shelf (plank) in the wall of my house.

tɑː l semuk ̚ Noun. palm tree. bɔɳɖɑɡɑːʈi t ɑː l semuk ̚ tin ĩŋ suk ̚ lubuj ʔɖɑ k̚ Pl: tin ĩŋ suk ̚ lubuj ɖɑʔɡ e. Noun. a əɳɖ rɑ. There are no palm trees in Bondo colorful beads garland. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑne hills. Arecaceae . tin ĩŋ suk ̚ lubuj ɖɑʔɡ e tuk ̚ tɑ. Bondo women wear a colorful beads garland.

tɑ̃ŋ ke Noun. basket (3 Kg). tɑ̃ŋ kebok ̚ kunt ɑ sɑɡɑʔɖ oʔnɑ be ʔtunej. If someone is employed to do work, we will give them grain in a basket. tine( ː)r ɑk̚ Noun. head-pad, annular pad, ring of straw placed on the ground for a round bottomed pot to rest on. somb ɑril ɑ tiner ɑk̚ bok ̚ ɖɑʔ k̚ t ẽjõ r ũŋɡto. Sombari is bringing water by placing an annular pad on head.

tiks ũŋ p ɑʈɑ Noun. hinge of a door (Lit. Leg of a door).

tine puk ̚ Noun. a cloth bundle or pack. tine puk ̚ bok ̚ rũŋ kuk ̚ b ũŋ õt ɑ. Rice is kept in a small cloth pack. tini Noun. a beam of timber.

tin ĩŋ ɡɔʔ Noun. The handle of an axe. tin ĩŋɡɔʔ burõ ŋ ʈɑɲ d͜ zɑ t ĩŋ oto. a handle is fixed to an axe.

tintim Noun. tamarind. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijon ɡʊɾɑ̃ŋ sĩŋɡɑɾ i ti ːre Noun. kendu tree. Diospyros Embryopteris . tintim semuk ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. There is а tamarind tree behind my house.

tipni Noun. small basket used for storing. ɖɑːbri tĩnt ɑ̃jrem tipni t ɑ̃jnto. Basket maker is weaving a small basket.

tĩŋ See MP: tũj. Verb. shoot with arrow. əɡ ili ʔ tĩŋ oʔnɑ ɑbɑmt ɑ. Even though, a rabbit was shot with an arrow, it was not caught. timbo ʔ Noun. basket in square shape (5 kgs capacity). bodz ̆ iɖen pulaj ətimbo ʔ rũŋ kuk ̚ tũŋ õ sek ̚ be ʔto. Having measured one basket (timbo) rice, we will offer for the feast.

tĩŋẽ Pl: ti ŋẽʔjẽ. Noun. wooden pestle. nĩŋ d͜ zõ ŋ ti ŋẽburo ŋ kerõŋ t ʰoŋ t ʰoŋ ɖent ɑ. My mother is pounding paddy with а wooden pestle. tiri ʔsõ ŋ See MP : turusõ ŋ. Noun. hearth, fire-place, an oven, common cooking place in the village. ECHO: tiri ʔsõ ŋ t ɑrɑʔ sɑ̃ŋ . nĩŋ nɑ ɖiŋõbok ̚ mb ɑʔr tiri ʔsõŋ ɖut ɑ. There are two hearths/fire-places in my house. nĩŋ nɑ ɖĩŋõbok̚ tiriʔsõŋ tɑrɑʔsɑ̃ŋ ərɑk̚ . In my house there is no hearth and the like.

tilim ɖɑ k̚ Pl: tilim ɖɑʔɡ e. Noun. threshing floor. lilen ɖrik ̚ nɑ dz ̆ ʌɡɑ bok ̚ tilim ɖɑ k̚ ɖittunej. The place where the cattle are used for threshing the crop is called a threshing floor.

tunu Noun. post, pillar, stump. bɔɳɖɑ remon ɖijo tun ũŋ tɑ Noun. elevated platform in the field for tubuk ̚ burõ ŋ ku ɖo boto. tunu nunoj n ũŋ ɑʔɑ watching crops. nĩŋ nɑ tun ũŋ tɑ tu ɡol ɑ ɡije lõŋ r ũŋ osit or ẽjnto. Bondo people build rompi ɡɑ . Yesterday, my elevated platform their walls of the house with mud. After in the field has fallen down. bringing wooden post, bamboo, rope, forest grass they construct house.

tumb ɑ Noun. bottle gourd container. bʊdɑː lɑ ətumbɑ sɑpũŋ ɖijobok̚ rũŋɡõ . Buda brought home Salfi beer in the bottle gourd tunu ɡuj Noun. a wooden wedge, peg (a Y shaped container. stick used to tie cattle).

tur ɑː bi Noun. pig's feeding wooden trough/tub. tur ɑː bi ʔbok ̚ ənɑp̚ kibo ʔnɑ ɡibi ʔ sumto. If the husk is filled in pig's feeding trough, pig tunujej ʔ Pl: tunu ʔje ʔje . Noun. The cord used to fasten will eat. around a Bondo woman's waist which holds the skirt suspended (and it serves as a modesty piece of cloth). bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑː ne ̚ ̚ tunujej ʔburõ ŋ no ɖik o ɖik tɑ. Bondo woman wear a skirt (waist cloth) by fastening it with a cord. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑː ne tunuje ʔje ʔburõ ŋ turusõ ŋ See MP : tiri ʔsõ ŋ. Pl: turusõ ŋẽ. Noun. hearth, noɖiʔɡe oɖik̚ ərtɑ . Bondo women wear skirts fire-place, an oven, common cooking place (waist cloth) by fastening it with a cord. in the village. turu ʔsõ ŋɡo ɡɑ jʔse ɖoʔnɑ kj ɑ̃ːŋ rɑ̃ŋ tunej. If there is a death ceremony, then rice will be cooked in an open kitchen. somb ɑril ɑ turusõ ŋbok ̚ kj ɑ̃ŋ r ɑ̃ŋ to. Sombari is cooking rice on а hearth.

turbi Noun. cage. turbibok ̚ ɡis ĩŋ ɖɪ tɑ. А hen is in tũj See DP: tĩŋ . Verb. shoot with an arrow. nɑj the cage. əɡubu tũjõʔnɑjsɑ d͜ zurdz̆ ʌk̚ sit ɡojɡɑ . The pig which was shot with an arrow by us quivered and died. .

tʊso Noun. black or chebulic myrobalan. tulij rusuno Noun. garlic. dʊkɑː nbok ̚ tulij rusuno Terminalia chebula . ɖɪ tɑ. There is garlic in the shop (Lit. white onion).

teks ũŋɡɑɽi Noun. wheel (Lit. leg of vehicle). dz ̆ ip ɡɑːɽ in ɑ teks ũŋ p ɑɲ ts ̆ ʌ r ɖẽŋɡɑ . The wheel of a Jeep got punctured.

tũŋ Verb. measure. nej əʔɖɑ bok ̚ p ɑʈ kʰeɳɖɑ por ɑb bok ̚ kerõ ŋ r ũŋ kuk ̚ t ũŋ õːsek ̚ b ɑː ro ʈɑ ŋɡ omn ɑ nɑː jɑkbok ̚ be ʔto. We measure paddy, rice with Ada (measuring jar) at Patkhenda festival and give them to twelve village headmen.

te ɳɖɑ rs ĩŋ Noun. comb of rooster, crest. əɡus ũŋɖɑ̃ŋ bo ʔb̚ bok ̚ te ɳɖɑ rs ĩŋ ɖɪ tɑ. Rooster has a comb on its head.

tũŋ kur ɑː k Noun. a basket which hangs to the roof for hen to lay eggs and brood.

tenl ɛʔ sɑr Noun. acacia. Acacia arabica . tɛmp ɑ̃ŋɡ Verb. carry something on shoulder. bɑst ɑbok ̚ mo ŋɡ li ːlɑ t ɛmp ɑ̃ŋɡ õː ɳɖ rĩŋɡ ɖɛ nt ɑ. Mongli is bringing the bag by carrying on the shoulder. d͜ zõ ŋɖɑ̃j əoʔɔɳɖɑ j əmɑjn ɑ tɪnɑɾ om temp ɑ̃ŋ õː r ũŋɡɑ . The mother brought her child carrying on her shoulder.

tej ũ Noun. anthill. burõ ŋwujn ɑ kur ũŋ bok ̚ obudi tej ũ ɖut ɑ. There are many anthills on the way to forest.

tob ̚ nɑʔ rɑk̚ Noun. a respectful oblation to Gods or to venerable men, of rice, grass, flowers with water. nen ŋɡomn ɑ pud ͜ zɑː ri tob ̚ nɑʔ rɑk̚ se tẽŋkur Noun. hump. əɡɪ lj ɡoj t ẽŋkur ɖɪ tɑ. An ox has ɡiɡe ɡeʔto. Our village priest performs ritual а hump. by Tobnarak.

tẽj Verb. carry on head. nem ĩŋ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r t ẽjo ʔ rĩŋ o. My sister brought little millet by carrying on the head. to ɾbudz ̆ Noun. watermelon. nɑjnbok toɾobud͜ zo ənɖrɑ . We don't have watermelon. Citrullus Lanatus .

to ʔɑːr semuk ̚ Noun. banyan tree. to ʔɑːr semuk ̚ ɑlũŋ tõ ŋsi ʔbulej s ɑri Pl: tõ ŋsi ʔbulej ẽ. Noun. a type of seb ɖɑ k̚ ɖɪ tɑ. It is cool below the banyan tree. flower. ken ɑ tõ ŋsi ʔbulejs ɑri burluk ̚ bok ̚ ɖut ɑ. Ficus bengalensis . This type of flower is in the forest. mõ ŋɡlɑː lɑ lu ʔnturbok ̚ tõ ŋsibulej s ɑri si ʔbo. Mongli wears a flower on the ear.

tõ ŋɖĩŋ suj Noun. a type of tuber. tõ ŋɖĩŋ suj uno ʔse ɡɑ ti ːn borso ɖeŋɑɖ oʔnɑ ɡuʔtunej. After three years of plantation, we cut the Tongdingsuj tuber.

d dɑː dusulop Noun. sandal tree. Santalum album . dw ɑː rbun Noun. door frame.

n nɑɽij ɑ Noun. coconut. nĩŋ əʔ nɑ n ɑɽij ɑː pu ʈɑ j ɖent ĩŋ . nɑʔ lɑ̃ŋ pi Noun. eagle. nɑʔ lɑ̃ŋ pi n ɑjn ɑ ʊŋɡ ombok ̚ Today I am breaking a coconut. oʔõsi ŋ sobo sumto. Eagle catches chicks of our village and eats.

nɑː p̚ Verb. measure. titiburõ ŋ əmũj bu ɖũŋ nɑplo nok ̚ serpo ʔ Pl: nok ̚ serpo ʔɖ e. Noun. a bamboo pole sit ɑ k ʰɑ lbok ̚ n ɑp̚ to. We measure depth with hung horizontally for hanging up clothes. hand or stick. nĩŋ mpo nok ̚ serpo ʔ bɑɡ̚ bok ̚ ok ̚ sert ĩŋ . I hang up clothes on a bamboo pole, which is hung horizontally.

no ɖik ̚ Noun. skirt (waist cloth) worn by Bondo women which serves as a modesty cloth. ̚ ̚ nijõm Noun. brinjal. nĩŋ nɑ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ nijõm mõ ŋɡlil ɑ no ɖik m ɑjũ o ɖik bor ɡɑ . Mongli wears skirt by herself. ɖɪ tɑ. In my kitchen garden brinjals are there. Solanum melongena .

nũŋ Noun. wood. bɔɳɖɑ remon ɖijo tubuk ̚ burõ ŋ kuɖo boto tunu nonoj n ũŋ ɑʔɑ ɡije lõŋ rũŋ osit r ẽŋto Bondo people build their houses with mud and they bring wood, bamboo, rope, forest grass and pillars. not ẽj Noun. rope or grass used in bait-trap for birds.

noki Noun. bowl or metal pot for cooking rice. somb ɑril ɑ nokibok ̚ kj ɑ̃ŋ r ɑ̃ŋ to. Sombari is cooking rice in а metal pot. somb ɑril ɑ nokib ɑɡ bok ̚ ɖɑ nkuni b ũŋ õ. Sombari is putting lid on the cooking metal pot. nk ũj cv-pattern: CCVC . Noun. pot. nk ũjbok ̚ kj ɑ̃ŋ rɑ̃ŋɡ to. Rice is cooked in the pot.

nt ɑp̚ Pl: nt ɑʔbe . Noun. banyan tree. ənt ɑʔbe ntur ɑk̚ See FV: ntir ɑk̚ . Noun. finger millet gruel ɡibesole susum bole ɖitto. Bears love to eat (Eleusine coracana). bo ɳɖɑ remole ntur ɑk̚ Banyan tree fruits. Ficus Benghalensis . lo ʔɡ̚ buro ʔsek ̚ i ːʔ tunej. Bondo people having cooked the finger millet gruel drink it.

ntir ɑk̚ See Main Entry: ntur ɑk̚ . Noun. millet gruel ntop ̚ Noun. egg. sɔmɑnɑ ɡis ĩŋ ʊntob ̚ sĩŋ ɖɛ nt ɑ. (Eleusine coracana). somb ɑril ɑ int ɪrɑk̚ mũŋɡ ubok ̚ sok ʔsɪtɑ biribok ̚ r ũŋ sit ɑ ʊto. Soma’s hen is laying eggs. Sombari carries millet soup in the steel carriage and drinks it in the forest.

nto ʔɑ Noun. Speckled Alder tree. anlus incana ntuj Noun. mushroom. ku ɖe semuk ̚ ɑlu ŋ ɡubutuj rugosa . turt ɑ. Under black plum tree a kind of mushroom sprouts.

ns ɑk̚ pi Noun. nest. semukbok ̚ piri ns ɑʔkto. А bird builds nest on а tree.

ntur Noun. leaf-cup pin, straw pin (leaves stitching straw pin). nturburõ ŋ suppo ɽo po ʔmuj po ʔto. With the straw pin the leaf- cup is stitched.

ns ɑjʔ Noun. soot, black, smut. ns ɑjbok ̚ ɑlɑmon ĩŋ sɑ nsuj 1 Pl: nsu ʔje . Noun. forest cashew. nsuj ətiti ns ɑj ɡiɖo. If I touch soot, it will stick to ɖisember m ɑː sbok ̚ sumto. In the month of hand. December forest cashew is eaten. nsu ʔje ɖisember m ɑː sbok ̚ obudi suwu ʔtɑ. Forest cashew bears plenty of fruits in the month of December. Anacardium excelsum .

nsuj ʔpɑʔ Pl: nsuj ʔpɑʔɖ e. Noun. leaf of wild cashew nsuk ̚ Noun. knife. mo ŋɡlɑlɑ nsuk ̚ buro ŋ unkusũj which is kept at eaves or edge of roof. By ɡoɽo sumo. Mongla has cut jackfruit with a this Bondo believe that their ancestral knife and ate. spirits will not enter into the house. nsuj ʔpɑ obudi l ɑ̃ːŋ bɑj ɖut ɑ. Leaf of the wild cashew is long.

nsuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ Noun. banana, plantain. mo ŋɡlɑnɑ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ dujko ɽidos ʊnsuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ semuk ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. There are fifty banana trees in Mongla’s kitchen garden. nsurlu Noun. earring. mo ŋɡlil ɑ s ẽŋɡlũŋ lu ʔnturbok ̚ nsurlu t ũŋ õt ɑ. Mongli is wearing earrings to her earlobe.

nsuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ semuk ̚ Noun. banana tree. nĩŋ bok ̚ ʊnsuk ɖɑ k̚ semuk ̚ d ɔsʈɑ ɖɪ tɑ. Ten banana trees are in my house. Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana .

nso Noun. hoe. lu ɑnɑ nso ɔrɑ̃jnto. Hoe is made nsorb ɑj seli Noun. dry meat. with iron.

nsor mor Noun. dry chilly. nsor mors ĩŋ əɖ enbok ̚ imb ɑː r b ɑst ɑ ɖɪ tɑ. Adi has two bags of dry red chillies.

nsor ʔbɑj si ŋɡɖi Pl: nsor ʔbɑj si ŋɡɖile . Noun. dry prawn(s). nsor ʔbɑj si ŋɡɖ i bedz ̆ ʌ burõ ŋ m ɑʔ ɖõjnto. Dry prawns are cooked with tomatoes. nsor 1 Noun. berry.

nsõ ŋuk ̚ Noun. neck metal band. bɔɳɖɑ sɛlɑne nsõ ŋuk ̚ nsorb ɑj əɽ õŋ Noun. dry fish. tu ːkt ɑ. Bondo women wear neck metal band on the neck.

pɑʈɑ 1 Pl: pɑʈɑ le . Noun. door. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijobok ̚ i ŋɡij ĩ pɑʈɑ 2 See DP: pi ʈɑ . Noun. wooden plank, stool or pɑʈɑ ɖɪ tɑ. There are three doors in my plank to sit or stand on. pɑʈɑ bok ̚ nej house. lej ʔtunej. On the wooden plank we sit.

pɑnɖuʔsõŋ Noun. a foundation of a house, basement. pɑʔɖ u2 Pl: pɑʔɖ ule . Noun. leaf. sulop ̚ nɑ p ɑʔɖ u mõ ŋɡlɑː lɑ pɑɳɖ usõ ŋ ɖomosek ̚ ɖɑ bu ɑrɑk̚ sɑ lopp ɑk̚ wuj ɡɑ . The leaf of the tree has fallen ɑbo ʔto. Mongla laid the foundation and due off (from the tree). to lack of money did not construct it.

pɑrɑ1 Pl: pɑrɑʔɖ e. See DP: pur ɑʔ. Noun. tail. əɡ ojt ɑ̃ŋ s ɪlɑ̃jb ɑj p ɑrɑ ɖɪ tɑ. Cattle have long tail(s). pɑːʈkʰeɳɖɑ Noun. Patkhenda mapru (

pɑrɑk̚ Noun. river. kũjik ̚ p ɑrɑkbok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. Tortoise is in the river.

pi ʈɑ See FV: pɑʈɑ 2. Noun. wooden plank, stool or plank to sit or stand on. so ɽobud ͜ zob ɑj pi ʈɑ or ɑ̃jnto. А hexagonal shape box is being made.

pɑʔɖ u1 Noun. a particular type of leaves which are placed underside of the roof to ward off ancestors evil spirits.

pitoln ɑ nso ŋuk ̚ Noun. brass neck band. pitoln ɑ pĩŋɡu Pl: pĩŋɡule . Noun. a kind of fig tree. pĩŋɡu nsõŋuk̚ boɳɖɑselɑne əɡuluɡuk̚ tũŋtɑ . Bondo mondz̆ i əsumto . Fig seeds are not eaten. women wear brass neckband on their neck. Ficus species .

punuj Noun. small pearl millet. rɑ̃ŋɖɑ k̚ b ɑɡ bok ̚ sɑʔme, kerõŋ, punuj b ũŋ to. Finger millet, paddy and pearl millet are kept on an pitol b ɑʈi Noun. bronze vessel. pitol b ɑːʈ ibok ̚ m ɑʔ elevated wooden platform (rafters). sumtun ɑj. We eat curry in bronze vessel. Pennisetum Glaucum .

pitol m ʊtɑ Pl: pitol m ʊtɑle . Noun. small pot made of punujrik ̚ Noun. handmill made of stone and mud brass that is used for drinking water. (used for grinding pearl millet), stone pitolm ʊtɑbok ̚ ɖɑ k̚ ɖojtitunej. We drink grinder. punujrik ̚ burõ ŋ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r pujto. Little water with small pot made of brass. millet is ground with a handmill.

pir ĩŋ tɑ̃ŋ See DP: pur ĩŋ tɑ̃ŋ . Noun. a big bamboo storage tray, it's also used for drying grain.

punt ɑʔ Noun. leaf basket stitched with Maloo creeper (Siyadi) leaves. lɑɳɖ u ul ɑk̚ burõ ŋ punt ɑʔ po ɖoʔsek ̚ buti ɡoʔp̚ to. With Maloo creeper (Siyadi) leaves we stitch a leaf basket and store salt in it.

pur ɑʔ See FV: pɑrɑ1. Pl: pur ɑʔɖ e. Noun. tail. pe ɳɖ om Pl: pe ɳɖ ome . Noun. rice beer. bɔɳɖɑ le ɑɡ uj ʔtɑ̃ŋ l ɑ̃ːŋ bɑj pur ɑː ɖut ɑ. Cattle have pʊsɑrke p ɔrɑb pe ɳɖ om ʊto. Bondo people long tail. drink rice beer (Pendom) during the festival in the month of January.

pur ĩŋ tɑ̃ŋ See MP: pir ĩŋ tɑ̃ŋ . Pl: pur ĩŋ tɑ̃ŋẽ. Noun. a big size bamboo storage tray, a flat basket (it's also used for drying grain.) pur ĩŋ tɑ̃ŋ bok ̚ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r ɲɑ bok ̚ surto. In a big bamboo tray finger millet are kept in sunshine for drying.

pulkopi Noun. cauliflower. nɑjn ɑ ŋɡ õmbok ̚ b ɑnib ɑj pulkopi ɖɪ tɑ. In our village there is good cauliflower.

pe ɳɖ om sirõ ŋ Pl: pʰeɳɖ om sirõ ŋẽ. Noun. a chemical tablet used in preparing rice beer for intoxication. əpe ɳɖ om sirõ ŋ kij ɑ̃ːŋ r ɑŋɡ õsek ̚ mɑjo ʔsek ̚ pe ɳɖ om ɖõjnto. After cooking rice and mixing it with chemical tablet we prepare the rice beer.

pusujli Noun. creeping woodsorrel.

pe ʔ Verb. play (trumpet, flute). nĩŋ tu ɡol ɑ ɡow ũŋ wujb ɛlɑ b ũŋ ten ɑ ɖer ũŋ pe pune pe ɖoʔnĩŋ . Yesterday, when I was going to the forest, I played the trumpet which is made of buffalo’s horn.

pɔrɑ See DP: pɑrɑ. Noun. pigeon. nĩŋ p ɔrɑ bo ɾot ĩŋ . pʰoɖi Noun. plastic container used for storing I am rearing а pigeon. turmeric and mirchi powder.

b bɑʈiːber Noun. medium sized round stone used for bɑrɑkũŋ Noun. bunch of peacock feathers. bɑrɑkũŋ grinding and making paste of spices; stone po ʔjero ʔsek ̚ s ɛlɑne mi ʔme me ʔtɑ. In the pestle or muller grinding stone. month of Pus (December/January) women bɑʈ iːberburõ ŋ rinikberbok ̚ ri ʔto. With a dance by holding a bunch of peacock's stone pestle we grind on a flat curve shaped feathers. grinding stone.

bɑdɑː m Noun. groundnut. bɑdɑː m n ĩŋ d ͜ zõ ŋ ɡɑ jsosit ɑ be ɖo. Having fried the groundnuts, my mother gave me.

bɑlisuk ɑ Pl: bɑlisuk ɑle . Noun. dried fish (small one). bɑli suk ɑ ɑːʈ bok ̚ b ɑmt ɑ. Dried fish are available in the market.

bɑlʈi Noun. bucket. los ɪmɑ b ɑlʈibok ̚ ɖɑʔ k̚ kum ɑtɑ. bɑstek ̚ ũŋ kuk ̚ Noun. a sack of rice. Lakshmi is taking bath (herself) with а bucket of water.

bɑʔjtum Noun. rice grains stuck on the forehead. ̚ ̚ bɑlj ɑ Noun. cashew nut. bɑlj ɑ semuk ̚ b ɔɳɖɑ ɡɑʈ i ɡiɡe b ɛlɑ r ũŋ kuk ɖɑʔk b ɑʔjtumto. At the time of worship sacred rice are put on the repte ɖɪ tɑ. There are many cashew trees in Bondo hills. forehead.

bɑʔ sɑk̚ Noun. monkey (male). bɑʔ sɑk̚ nejn ɑ ɡɑ̃ŋɡ sumto. Monkey (male) eats our pulses. bɑlj ɑ semuk ̚ Noun. cashew tree. bɑlj ɑ semuk ̚ b ɔɳɖɑ ɡɑʈi repte ɖɪ tɑ. There are many cashew trees in Bondo hills. Anacardium occidentale .

bənɑk̚ Noun. a slate shaped leaf.

bit Noun. amulet. əmõ ŋɡlɑnɑ titi imb ɑʔɑː r bit tur ɡit ɑ. Mongla tied two amulets in his hand.

binis Pl: binisle . Noun. beans. nɑjnbok ̚ binis semuk ̚ bil ɖĩŋɡ Noun. building. ɖit ɑ. There is a Beans plant with us. binisle ɑːʈ bok ̚ b ɑmt ɑ. Beans are available in the market.

buk ̚ Transitive verb. beat. mo ŋɡlɑː lɑ ki ɳɖĩŋ buk ̚ to. Mongla plays drum. nĩŋ tu ɡolɑ əbuk̚ tĩŋ . Yesterday I did not beat/play a drum. bim ɑsõŋ Noun. set of leaf cups which are used at the time of ritual. remole bim ɑsõ ŋ burõ ŋ ɖuːp̚ oɖuɡoʔsek ̚ ɡiɡe ɡeto. The Remo people worship after putting the benzoin (incense) on the live coal of leaf cup(s).

bu ɡ̚ jer Verb. winnowing sideways. bud ɑː lɑ kinsup ̚ burõ ŋ bu ɡ̚ jerto. Budha is winnowing grain (sideways) with winnowing tray/basket.

biri See DP : burõ ŋ2. Noun. highland for cultivation, hill, forest, hill-field. sonj ɑnɑ biribok ̚ ɑnɑb̚ rik ̚ sɑr repte ɖɪ tɑ. There are many red forest flowers in Sonya’s highland field. somb ɑril ɑ int ɪrɑk̚ m ũŋɡ ubok ̚ ̚ sok ʔsɪtɑ biribok r ũŋ sit ɑ ʊto. Sombari carries finger millet gruel in the steel carriage and drinks it in the forest. buti ʔsuk ɑ Pl: buti ʔsuk ɑː le . Noun. dried and salted fish. buti ʔsuk ɑ ɑːʈ bok ̚ b ɑmt ɑ. Dried and salted fish are available in the market.

bile ʔsĩŋ Pl: bile ʔsĩŋẽ. Noun. feather. biles ĩŋ o ʔom tũnto. Hen's feathers are attached to the arrow. (Lit. tied to the shaft of arrow).

bute ʔ Noun. cowrie. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑne bute ʔburõ ŋ burob ɑj əmrut Noun. raw papaya. nĩŋ bok ̚ əmrut lubuj ʔɖɑ k̚ suk ̚ suk ̚ to. Bondo women string semuk ̚ do ʂʈɑ ɖɪ tɑ. ɡitins ɑ n ĩŋ ɑːʈ bok ̚ burob ɑj necklace with cowrie. əmrut s ũŋ sũŋ r ũŋ tĩŋ . I have ten papaya trees. From those trees, I brought the raw papayas for selling in the market.

bunt ɑʔme Noun. a kind of tree. burob ɑj nsuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ Noun. raw banana, plantain. somb ɑrin ɑ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ repte burob ɑj nsuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ ɖɪ tɑ. In Sombari’s kitchen garden, there are plenty of green bananas. Musa .

bumbuj Noun. dragonfly. bumbuj b ɑɡ bok ̚ w ɑʔ tɑ. Dragonfly flies above.

burob ɑj mors ĩŋ Noun. green chilli. nĩŋ bok ̚ burob ɑj mors ĩŋ repte ɖɪ tɑ. I have lot of green chillies. buj ẽ ob ̚ Noun. Silver cockscomb. buj ẽ ob ̚ ɡuɡoɖos ɪtɑ ɡɑ jto. Having cut the green leafy vegetable, it is fried. Celosia argentea .

burõ ŋ Pl: burõ ŋẽ. See MP: biri . Noun. highland for cultivation, hill, forest, hill-field. nĩŋ be ːrɑ burõ ŋbok ̚ p ɑjʈi mul ɑjʔtĩŋ . Tomorrow I will begin the work in the highland field.

burb ũŋ s ũj Noun. a type of wild tree. bũŋ ten ɑ pine Noun. Trumpet (Musical instrument made of Bison’s horn). ɡow ũŋ wujb ɛlɑ bũŋ ten ɑ pine mo ŋɡ lɑlɑ pe ʔto. Mongla plays Trumpet (Musical instrument made of Bison’s horn) at the time of going to hunt.

bed ͜ zɑ Borrowed From: De. Pl: bed ͜ zɑː le . Noun. tomato. nɑjn ɑ ŋɡ õmbok ̚ b ɑni bed ͜ zɑ ɖeŋɡ it ɑ. In our village there are good tomatoes. be ͜ dz ɑː le ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ unto. Tomatoes are planted in the kitchen garden. Lycopersicon burs ũŋ Noun. highland for cultivation. Esculentum .

bulukun mors ĩŋ Noun. ripe red chilli. somb ɑrinbok ̚ bulukun mors ĩŋ imb ɑʔɑː r ɖɑ mũŋ ɖɪ tɑ. be ɳɖɑːsũj Noun. a dry leaf which is used in curries. Sombari has two baskets of ripe red chillies.

be ɳɖ i Noun. okra, lady's finger. ɑːʈ bok ̚ repte be ɳɖ i ɖɪ tɑ. There are plenty of Okras (Lady’s fingers) in the weekly market. bulukur Noun. cluster fig tree, country fig. Ficus racemosa .

bel Noun. bael tree, Indian bael. Aegle marmelos .

besni Noun. cloth pouch, purse. somb ɑril ɑ besnibok ̚ ɖɑ bu b ũŋ to. Sombari keeps the money in the cloth pouch. bob ̚ ns ɔŋɡu Noun. hook. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑne bob ̚ nsõ ŋ burõ ŋ tuk ̚ tɑ. Bondo women wear neck-band with a hook.

borot Noun. rope made of buffalo skin (used for tying the plough). bo ŋkɑɽɑ See MP: bũŋ kɑso 52ebdbef-9384-4a73-8ade- c484c4ea6ac 7. Pl: bo ŋkɑɽɑː le . puppy. sonj ɑnɑ ɖiŋõbok ̚ bo ŋkɑɽɑ su ɖut ɑ. There is a puppy in Sonya's house.

bo ŋrɑː nɑ s ɑri Noun. a forest flower. boluk ̚ sɑm Noun. finger millet cake (which is baked by placing the flattened dough in between the leaves of the /la: ɳɖ au/ ‘Siya tree (Botanical name Bauhinia Vahili)’ and placed on fire). nejn d ͜ zõ ŋ boluk ̚ sɑm bu ʔbo ʔɖ ent ɑ. Our mother is making a finger millet cake. bo ɳɖũŋ õ Noun. carrying pole. wojk ɑ mo ŋɡ lɑlɑ m ɑri sonj ɑlɑ sulup ̚ bo ɳɖũŋ õ r ũŋɡ õ. Now, Mongla and Sonya are bringing a deer on a carrying pole.

bo ʔɖɑ k̚ Pl: bo ʔɖɑʔɡ e. Noun. pond (a place where bɔruw ɑ Noun. a type of forest grass used as roof. Bondos wash their clothes). nen ŋɡombok ̚ wujnteko ɳ,dek ̚ nɑ remole b ɔruw ɑ burõ ŋ ɖĩŋ õ bo ʔɖɑ k̚ ɖut ɑ. There is a pond in my village. əsĩŋɑ̃lokun . In olden days people used to thatch their house with forest grass (Boruwa).

bɔnɔk̚ Noun. Bamboo stick used as a ladder to climb the Salfi tree. əsɑpũŋ ɖɪɖɑ j p ʊlɑj bɔnɔk̚ ɖɪ tɑ. Bamboo stick is used as a ladder for climbing the Salfi tree.

brid ͜ z Noun. bridge. bond ɡʊɖɑ ʊjn ɑ ɡɑɾ ibok ̚ bridz ̆ ɖɪ tɑ. On the way to Bondaguda (village) there is а bridge.

m mɑn Noun. a small measuring bamboo jar. nen mɑːɳɖɑ Pl: mɑɳɖɑː le . Noun. aluminium vessel. d͜ zõ ŋ ɑː dib ɑː ril ɑ kerõŋ ti ːn m ɑn be ɖo. My nejnd ͜ zõ ŋ m ɑɳɖɑ bok ̚ r ũŋ kuk ̚ ɡuj ɖɑʔ k̚ to. Our mother measured three jars of rice and gave mother washed rice in the aluminium vessel. it to Adivari.

mɑː p Transitive verb. measure. nĩŋ kerõ ŋ tumbobok ̚ m ɑː p̚ tĩŋ . I am measuring paddy with а measuring basket.

mɑː li Noun. locket. su ɡrol ɑ m ɑː li tu ɡɪtɑ. Sukro has musri Pl: musrile . Noun. green gram. əmusri ɡujt ɑ̃ŋ worn a locket. susum bole ɖik ̚ to. The cattle love to eat green gram.

mu ʈlɑsõŋ Noun. fire wood. mu ʈlɑsõ ŋ burõ ŋ b ɑʔ sõ ŋ mũŋ Pl: mũːŋɡe. Noun. green gram. nĩŋ nɑ kunuj bɑʔɖ oʔsek ̚ is ɑwu kj ɑ̃ŋ r ɑ̃ŋ tunej. Daily we mũŋ bok ̚ subu ʔbɑj ɖõjnto. My wife cooks cut the wood and cook rice. delicious (curry) with green gram. Vigna radiata .

mu ɳɖɑ me Noun. peg/wedge. mu ɳɖɑ mebok ̚ n ĩŋ ɡime ʔ tu ʔtĩŋ . I tie goat to a wedge. mũŋ ur Noun. crocodile. mu ɡur k ɪɳɖɑ kbok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. Crocodile is in the river.

mũŋɡu Noun. steel carrier, steel tiffinbox. somb ɑril ɑ int ɪrɑk̚ m ũŋɡ ubok ̚ sok ʔsɪtɑ biribok ̚ r ũŋ sit ɑ ʊto. Sombari carries millet gruel in the steel carriage and drinks it in the forest. mur ɡɑʔ Noun. agave. Agave americana .

mʊɡɑ Noun. drumstick. mʊɡɑ ɑːʈ bok ̚ b ɑmt ɑ.

Drumsticks are available in the market. musuk ̚ suk ̚ Noun. roll of bark. musuk ̚ suk ̚ ɡiɡẽ Moringa Oleifera . nĩŋ bok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. I have a roll of bark rope.

mʊnɑ Pl: mʊnɑː le . Noun. bag. mo ŋɡlɑlɑ ɑːʈ bok mojr ɑ Noun. a musical instrument of Shehnai type, wujk ̚ sit ɑ biti mors ĩŋ r ɑsuno ɑɭu m ʊnɑbok ̚ a double reed woodwind instrument, an so ʔksit ɑ r ũŋɡ õ. Mongla having gone to the Oboe. ɖokr ɑː lɑ n ɑjkn ɑ ɖĩŋ õbok ̚ mojr ɑ market bought salt, chilly, onion, potatoes pe ɖoʔtɑ. Old man is playing Shehnai at and kept them in the bag and brought. nĩŋ Nayak's house. ɑːʈ bok ̚ mun ɑː le sobo ʔnĩŋ . I bought bags in the market.

mordol Noun. tabret, tabor, drum. əmordol titi, bu ɽũŋ burõ ŋ buk ̚ to. A tabret/drum is played with hand and stick. mʊnɑ sur ɡuj t ɑ̃ŋ Noun. a forest flower.

mʊrɡɑ unkus ũj Noun. pineapple. mʊrɡɑ unkus ũj morsi Noun. chilli. nĩŋ dzõ ŋ ribiti birebok ̚ morsi bɔɳɖɑ ɡɑʈ i əɖɪ tɑ. There are no pineapples in ͜ ̚ Bondo hills. Ananas Comosus . rusuno b ɛd͜ zɑ ri ɖosit ɑ m ɑʔ bok ɖur ũŋ to. My mother after grinding chilly, onion, tomato on a (grinding) stone is putting it in the curry.

mʊlɑ Noun. radish. nĩŋ nɑ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ repte mʊlɑ ɖɪ tɑ. In my kitchen garden there are plenty of radishes. Raphanus sativus . mpo Noun. cloth. bɔɳɖɑ sɛlɑne inloko ɳɖ ek ̚ mpo mo ʔɡ olik ̚ ɖiki ɡɑ . In olden days Bondo women did not wear saree/ cloth.

mɛɳɖɑ Noun. sheep. somb ɑrinbok ̚ i ŋɡ iʔjĩ m ɛɳɖɑ ɖɪ tɑ. Sombari has three sheep.

mpo ʔ ŋɡũŋ rɑ Noun. wild date palm. Phoenix mb ɑʔŋ Noun. an edible fruit. reclinata .

mb ɑ̃ŋ bu Noun. Indian green pit viper, common green pit viper Trimeresurus gramineus (Sc. name). mb ɑ̃ŋbuʔ əɳɖrɑ̃j lup̚to . Green pit viper eats rat. (Lit. swallows).

j jew ɑː k̚ wuj Pl: jew ɑː k̚ wuje . Noun. black fox tail jõ ŋ See MP: d͜ zõ ŋ. Noun. mother. əkimi mporn ɑ millet. jew ɑk̚ wuje burõ ŋ tõ ŋsek ̚ bo ʔluk ̚ po ʔ jõ ŋ sutr ɑʔjto. The bride got blessings from bo ʔto. Having pounded black fox tail millet, her husband's mother/mother-in-law. bread is baked.

jõ ŋɡuj See MP : d͜ zo ːʔŋõj . Noun. cow. Pl: jõ ŋɡuje . ECHO: jõ ŋɡuj j ɑ̃ŋɡ uj . nĩŋ bok ̚ obudi jõ ŋɡuʔje ɖut ɑ. I have many cows. nĩŋ bok ̚ jõ ŋɡuj jɑ̃ŋɡuj ərɑk̚ . I don't have a cow and the like.

MP je ʔtɑ̃ŋɡ uj Noun. halter for cattle, rope halter for cow. jõ ŋsĩŋ See : d͜ zõ ŋsĩŋ . Noun. mother hen. je ʔtɑ̃ŋɡujburõŋ əɡujʔtɑ̃ŋ tuʔto . With a halter Pl: d͜ zõ ŋsĩŋẽ. ECHO: jõ ŋsĩŋ j ɑ̃ŋ sɑ̃ŋ . jõ ŋsĩŋ the cattle are tied. tu ɡol ɑ ntobo ʔ. Yesterday hen laid an egg. nĩŋ bok ̚ jõ ŋsĩŋ j ɑ̃ŋsɑ̃ŋ ərɑk̚ . I do not have a hen and the like.

r rɑɳɖɑ ɖijo Noun. kitchen. nĩŋ r ɑɳɖɑ ɖent ĩŋ . I am rɑ̃ŋ tɑwor Noun. cage. mɑj r ɑ̃ŋ tɑː worbok ̚ ʈuj, ʈuj, cooking. ɖoʔɖɑ js ɛɡɑ r ɑ̃ŋ tɑː worbok ̚ lej ɖukube. It (Bird) having chirped, climbed and sat in the cage.

rɑʔbli Noun. a type of tree.

ri ɡ̚ ɖɑʔ r Pl: ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ re . Noun. Little Millet. ɖɑ lɑbok ̚ ri ɡ̚ɖɑʔ r s ɑʔ me b ũŋ tun ɑj. Little Millet (Rigdar) and finger millet (Same) are kept in the basket. Panicum Sumatrense .

rɑʔ blu semuk ̚ Noun. peepal tree. bɔɳɖɑɡɑʈ i r ɑʔ blu semuk ̚ repte ɖɪ tɑ. There are many peepal trees in Bondo hills. Ficus religiosa .

rini ʔber See MP: ri ʔbutiber Noun. the big curve shaped grinding stone which is the base stone for making paste of spices. rini ʔber burõ ŋ buti ri ʔto. Salt is made into powder on a grinding stone əribu ʔtiber rini ʔbers ɑ ɖik ̚ to. The big curve shaped grinding stone rɑŋɖɑ k̚ Noun. loft, rafters. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijobok ̚ rɑŋɖɑ k̚ bok ̚ ̃ "ribu ʔtiber" is also called as "rini ʔber". ɖɪɖɑ j p ʊlɑj d ͜ zuno ɡ r ɑŋ ɖɪ tɑ. There is a ladder in my house for climbing the loft.

rɑ̃ŋɖɑʔ k̚ s ɑm Noun. elevated wooden platform for keeping the finger millet etc. to dry and also to keep away from the cattle. rɑ̃ŋɖɑʔ k̚ sɑmbok ̚ nej s ɑʔ me b ũŋtunej. We keep finger millet on the elevated wooden platform.

ribitiber See DP: ri ʔbutiber . Noun. the big curve rusunop ɑ Pl: rusunop ɑʔɖ e. Noun. scallion, spring shaped grinding stone which is the base onion. rusunop ɑʔɖ e burõŋ m ɑʔ ɖõjnto. With stone for making paste of spices. nĩŋ d͜ zõ ŋ spring onions curry is prepared. ribitibirebok ̚ morsi rusuno b ɛd͜ zɑ ri ɖosit ɑ mɑʔ bok ̚ ɖur ũŋ to. My mother is grinding chilly, onion and tomato and putting it in the curry.

ri ʔbutiber See DP: rini ʔber . See FV: ribitiber . Pl: ri ʔbutibere . Noun. the big curve shaped grinding stone which is the base stone for making paste of spices. ri ʔbutiber burõ ŋ morsi rusuno ri ʔɖ ose ʔɡɑ mɑʔ dõjnto. Having made a paste of red chilli and onion on the grinding stone it is put in the curry.

rũŋ kuk ̚ Noun. rice. ətimbo kerõ ŋ duj kedz ̆ i ɖent ɑ rũŋ kuk ̚ p ɑ̃ː s kedz ̆ i ɖent ɑ. A square basket (timbo) can contain two KGs of paddy and five KGs of rice. ru ɳom Noun. rafter.

̚ ̚ rusuno Noun. onion. ɑːʈ bok ̚ rusuno b ɑmt ɑ. In the rũŋ kuk ɖɑʔ k Noun. rice grains used at worship. weekly market onion(s) are available. ɡiɡeb ɛlɑ r ũŋ kuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ b ɑjʔtumto. At the time Allium cepa . of worship, sacred rice is fixed on the forehead.

rũŋ kuk bibe Noun. a custom in Remo/Bondo tribe. re ɡi Noun. root. ʊli semu ɡ̚ nɑ re ɡi m ʊnɑ m ʊnɑ nej mosusumrembok ̚ r ũŋ kuk ̚ , buti, morsi ɖɪ tɑ. The mango tree has very big roots. nto ʔsĩŋ be ʔtunej. We give rice, salt and egg to the people who don't eat (beef/meat).

rʊnɑ̃ŋ bɔk̚ lubuj ɖɑ k̚ Noun. head-band worn by Bondo women. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑː ne por ɑb̚ bɛlɑ rʊnɑ̃ŋ bɔk̚ lubuj ʔɖɑ k̚ tu ɡuɡ̚ tɑ. Bondo women wear colourful head-bands at the re ʔtom Noun. wickerwork muzzle for animals. time of festival. əɡ uj ʔtɑ̃ŋ reʔtomnɑ əsumto . If wickerwork is tied to cattle, they do not eat.

ro ːɖ Noun. road. time ro ːɖ or ɑ̃jɖent ɑ. New road is being laid/constructed. reku Noun. node. nsor semuk ̚ rekuk ̚ sit ɑ ɖɪ tɑ. Banyan tree has node(s).

l lɑk̚ tim Noun. wooden measuring jar (for rice). əʔ nɑ lɑnt ɑmũŋ Noun. medium sized (5 kgs.) basket for lɑk̚ tim burõ ŋ ɑnɑp̚ to. Now wooden storing grain and also used for catching fish measuring jar is not used for measuring. to remove water from the pond. lɑnt ɑmũŋ burõŋ əɖõŋ susop̚ wujsek̚ ɑjɑʔ ɑjto . After we bail out water with a medium sized basket, fish are caught.

̚ lɑɡ̚ ɖ um Noun. pole of a carrying yoke. lɑɡ̚ɖ umbok lɑmuk ̚ Pl: lɑmu ʔɡ e. Noun. seed of Siyadi tree. kerõ ŋ ɖuno ʔ r ĩŋ tunej. We bring paddy with lɑmu ʔɡ e suro ʔsek ̚ remole sumto. Remo carrying pole on our shoulders (equal people eat the seeds of Siyadi tree after weights are suspended at either end of the roasting them. Bauhinia vahili Seed . carrying pole).

lɑɳɖ u sulop ̚ Noun. Maloo Creeper, Siyadi tree. burluk ̚ bok ̚ obudi l ɑɳɖ usulop ̚ ɖut ɑ. There are many Maloo Creepers in the forest. Bauhinia vahili .

lɑms ɑr Noun. a type of leaf used in curry.

lɑnɑk̚ See DP: lun ɑk̚ . Noun. carpenter's adze. ̚ ̚ bʊdɑlɑ l ɑnɑk burõ ŋ sinel ɑkto. Budha is making а plough with а carpenter’s adze. lɑlɑpɑ Noun. a type of plant. Cassia tora .

lɑwu Pl: lɑwule . Noun. bottle gourd. lɑwu n ĩŋ nɑ limbin nso ŋuk ̚ Noun. aluminium neck band. ɖĩŋ d͜ zɑbur bok ̚ ɖut ɑʔ . There is a bottle bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑne limbin ɑ nsõ ŋuk ̚ duk ɑː nbok ̚ gourd in my kitchen garden. sobo ʔ rĩŋ to. Bondo women buy and bring aluminium neck band in the shop.

lɑʔɖẽj Noun. beaded headpiece. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑː ne ɑbob ̚ lɑʔɖẽj r ɑ̃ŋ bok ̚ tɑ. Bondo women wear bead chains on the head.

limbilu Noun. ear stud. somb ɑː ril ɑ imb ɑː r lu ʔnturbok ̚ limbilu t ũŋ õt ɑ. Sombari is wearing earrings on her two ears.

lɑ̃ŋ kɑɖɑ k̚ Pl: lɑ̃ŋ kɑɖɑʔɡ e. Noun. metal bangle(s). no lɑ̃ŋ kɑɖɑ k̚ t ĩŋ . You wear bangle.

lim semuk ̚ Noun. neem tree. lim semuk ̚ kojrpu ʈbok ̚ li See FV: uli . Noun. mango. Pl: li ːle . ECHO: lile dos ʈɑ ɖɪ tɑ. there are ten neem trees in lɑlɑ. nĩŋ tu ɡol ɑ li li ɡoʔnĩŋ . Yesterday I Khairput. Azadirachta indica . peeled off mango skin. burõ ŋbok ̚ lile l ɑlɑ ərɑk̚ . There is no mango and the like in the forest. Mangifera indica .

li ʔwũŋ Noun. plain land field. bʊdɑː lɑ li ʔwũŋ lun ɑk̚ See MP: lɑnɑk̚ . Pl: lun ɑʔɡ e. Noun. carpenter's wujb ɛlɑ õjre ojl ɑ̃ŋ ku ɡɑ . While going to adze. lʊnɑk̚ burõ ŋ p ɑʈɑ l ɑk̚ to. The door is plain land field, Buda is humming. scraped off with a carpenter's adze.

lunok ̚ ɖɑ k̚ Noun. waterfall. li ʔwũŋ se Noun. plain land plough. li ʔwũŋ seburõŋ li ʔwũŋ bok ̚ sise se ʔto. With a plain land plough paddy field is ploughed.

luntur 1 Noun. ear. əmi ɳɖɑ remo imb ɑː r luntur ɖɪ tɑ. Everybody has two ears.

lɪlɑb̚ Noun. butterfly. lɪlɑb̚ s ɑribok ̚ l ɑ̃jʔtɑ. Butterfly sits on the flower.

lubur ɡɑ̃ŋɡ Pl: lubur ɡɑ̃ːŋɡẽ. Noun. red gram. lubur ɡɑ̃ŋɡ nejn ɑ burõ ŋbok ̚ bij ʔtunej. We sow red gram in our highland field. Cajanus cajan .

lu ɳɖĩŋ Pl: lu ɳɖĩŋẽ. Noun. grass hanged to the elevated platform in the hill field to protect against the wild animals and evil eye. tun ũŋ tɑbok̚ boɳɖɑ remole ɖrukɑ əsɑʔbej ɖoʔsek ̚ lu ɳɖĩŋ tuto. Bondo people tie grass lujertom Noun. lip. bʊdɑnɑ lujertom m ʊnɑʔ bɑj. (Lunding) to the elevated platform in the Buda's lip is a big one. field to protect from tiger.

lurob ̚ Noun. a kind of spinach. lurob ̚ l ɑʈɑ bok ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. le ʔtɑp̚ See FV: le ʔnt ɑp̚ . Noun. oval shaped bamboo There is green leafy vegetable in the forest. basket used for fishing and storing grains. Amarauthus tristis . ŋɡõ soboʔsɛk̚ əleʔtɑp̚ surũŋtunej . After catching crabs we put them in a fish basket.

lusur s ɑj Noun. Lusur (name of a Bondo clan) street. le ʔnt ɑp̚ See FV: le ʔtɑp̚ . Noun. oval shaped basket used for fishing and storing grains.

lu ːp̚ Noun. heart-leaved moon seed. Tinospora cordifolia .

le ʔsĩŋ Noun. round-mouth fish basket.

lemo ʔrɑj Noun. a kind of tree.

lembu Noun. lemon. nĩŋ nɑ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ imb ɑːʔ r lembu semuk ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. There are two lemon trees in my kitchen garden. Citrus limonium .

lok ̚ serr ɑː k lulop ̚ nɑ l ɑbor Noun. plastic pipe lob ̚ Noun. tuber. nĩŋ nɑ biribok ̚ lob ̚ uno ʔtĩŋ . I channel for collecting rain water from the planted tuber in my highland field. roof of the house. lok ̚ serr ɑː k lulop ̚ nɑ l ɑbor ɖiŋõbok̚ əlo ʔɡ ej ɖoʔsek ̚ l ɑbor b ũŋɡ to. To avoid the water falling in the house, the underside of the roof a plastic pipe channel is fixed to collect the rain water.

loboj ʔɖɑ k̚ Noun. beads garland. mo ŋɡlil ɑ loboj ʔɖɑ k̚ mojn ɑ mojn ɑbɑj tu ːkɡit ɑ. Mongli wears very beautiful cowrie/beads garland. lo ɖkime ʔ Noun. wattle. əɡ ime ʔ imb ɑː ru lo ɖki ɖut ɑ. A goat has two wattles.

lõ ŋ Noun. forest grass used for roof, straw, thatching grass. nĩŋ nɑ ɖijo əsũŋ lõŋburõŋ ɑʔtɪnɑj. My roof of the house is thatched with grass.

w wɑk̚ Pl: wɑʔɡ e. Noun. bow. ɑʔɑ nɑ w ɑk̚ orõjnto. wɑnɑks ũŋ Noun. foundation. nĩŋ nɑ m ɑ̃ŋ ɖijo p ʊlɑj Bow is made with bamboo. wɑnɑks ũŋ or ẽnto. My elder brother is laying а foundation for constructing a house.

s sɑkub ɑʈi Noun. liver. ɖɔɡ rɑremn ɑ sokub ɑʈ i susok ̚ sɑbuk ̚ Noun. mortar. sɑː buk ̚ bok ̚ t ĩŋɡ e burõ ŋ n ĩŋ d͜ zõ ŋ wuj ɡɑ . An old man is suffering from liver kerõ ŋ t ʰoŋtʰoŋ ɖent ɑ. My mother is pounding disease. paddy by placing them in а mortar with а pestle.

sɑri Noun. flower. sonj ɑlɑ ɑmɑj s ɑː ri muj be ɖo. Sonya gave a flower to her. sɑɡ̚ ɖĩŋ po Noun. border of a cloth/saree. mpon ɑ sɑɡ̚ dĩŋ mojn ɑbɑj. Border of the cloth is beautiful.

sɑpũŋ Noun. 1 • palm beer. bɔɳɖɑ le mi ɳɖ ib ̚ mi ɳɖ ib ̚ sɑrikupi Noun. cauliflower. nĩŋ d ͜ zõ ŋ s ɑrikubi m ɑʔ ɡʊlɑjro niss ɪtɑ s ɑpũŋ ʊto. Every day in the ɖõjnto. My mother is cooking cauliflower evening Bondo people together drink palm curry. beer. 2 • Salfi tree. sɑpũŋẽburõ ŋ s ɪnɑʔɖ e or ɑ̃jto. Bow string is made from Salfi tree. Caryota urens .

sɑli ʔkur Noun. space in front of the door of a house. sɑli ʔkurbok ̚ nejn d ͜ zõ ŋ, nem ĩŋ , nemb ĩŋ̃ le ʔjsek ̚ ojo ʔtɑ. Having sat in front of the verandah my mother, sister and sister-in-law are talking. sɑpũŋ rɑ̃ŋ Noun. Salfi stick used by Remos at the time of mock fight festival (Jhati porob). ow ɑʔɖĩŋ bɛlɑ s ɑpũŋ r ɑ̃ŋ burõ ŋ ow ɑʔɖĩŋ tɑ. At the time of mock fight festival (Jhati porob) they whip each other with Salfi sticks.

© CIIL, Mysuru, 2018 64 Ramesh Kumar & Muralidhar sɑlu ɡuj See MP: sɑlu ɡoj . Pl: sɑlu ɡuje ʔ. Noun. cow-shed. sɑ̃ŋɡ o s ĩŋ bule ʔj s ĩŋ Noun. a custom by Remo people. nen ŋɡõmbok ̚ s ɑlu ɡuje ʔ obudi ɖut ɑ. There are Feathers of mother hen are plucked and many cow-sheds in my village. inserted into the half egg shell. They place it in the path. By this they believe that the hatchlings will grow up safely. sɑ̃ŋɡo s ĩŋ bule ʔj s ĩŋ ɡis ĩŋ ɡuɡnɑ kur ũŋ bok ̚ b ũŋ to. Feathers of mother hen are pierced into the egg shell and kept on the foot path.

sɑlu ɡoj See DP: sɑlu ɡuj . Noun. cow-shed. nɪŋnɑ ̃ sɑlu ɡojbok ̚ d ɔʂʈɑ ɡojt ɑ̃ŋ ɖɪ tɑ. There are ten cattle in my cow-shed. sɑ̃ŋ sɑ̃ŋ 2 Noun. turmeric. sɑ̃ŋ sɑ̃ŋ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok ̚ untunej. We plant turmeric in the kitchen garden.

sɑlume ʔ See FV: ɡimes ɑlu . Noun. goat shed. sɑlume ʔ nejn ɑ ɖĩŋ o p ɑː li ɖut ɑ. Goat's shed is at the side of our house.

sɑ̃ŋ sɑ̃ŋ bɑj bulu Noun. forest red fruit which is not edible.

sɑʔme Pl: sɑʔmele . Noun. finger millet, Mandeya corn. ɑkʈob ɑr ərke s ɑme sito. In the month of October we reap (with sickle) finger millet. Eleusine coracana .

si ɲĩ Pl: si ɲĩle . Noun. sun. si ɲĩ tʊrn ɑ ɲɑʔ to. sunshine will come if sun rises.

si ɳɖ ibor Noun. an elevated platform made of stones sinel ɑk̚ Noun. ploughshare. bʊdɑlɑ l ɑnɑk̚ burõ ŋ where the village elders hold council. sinel ɑk̚ to. Budha is making а ploughshare əsẽɳɖ ibor əlũŋ remo le ʔjɡɪtɑ. People sit under with а carpenter’s adze. an elevated platform made of stones (Sindibor).

sinkili Noun. door latch, hasp, bolt. ɑpɑʈɑ sini ɖɑ k̚ ob ̚ See FV:. Noun. rice gruel curry. sinkililo ʔsɛk kusilo ʔ be ɖoʔ. The door is locked by putting a hasp.

sip ̚ kuro Transitive verb. fix. no sip ̚ kuro ʔno. You fix a fence. sini ɖɑʔ k̚ See FV:: sĩŋɡiɖɑ k̚ . Noun. rice gruel. mɑʔ bok ̚ sini ɖɑʔ k̚ ɖrũŋ to. Rice gruel is poured in the curry.

sip ̚ nɑ Noun. hairpin. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑne ɡun ɑjbo ʔ ɡɑ jʔbok ̚ se ʔɡɑ sip ̚ nɑ sip ̚ to. Bondo women having put a hairpin to the headband will wear it on head. sinijej Noun. thread tied to dried bottle container. ɡije burõŋ ətumb ɑ sije ɖot ɑ. the bottle gourd container is tied with а rope.

sine Noun. plough. mo ŋɡlɑlɑ ɡunuk ̚ burõ ŋ sine kɑnɑto. Mongla is making a hole with а chisel in the plough.

sip ̚ li Pl: sip ̚ lile . Noun. leaf cup, a cup made of a si ːrsi Noun. a plant. leaf or leaves. remole ɡis ĩŋ ɡoʔpe ɖoʔsek ̚ rũŋ kuk ̚ ɖɑʔ k̚ boni burõ ŋ sip ̚ libok ̚ p ɑːʈkʰeɳɖɑ bɛlɑ ɡiɡe ɡeto. At the time of Patkhenda (festival) the Remo people after beheading the rooster, they put rice and blood in the leaf-cup and worship.

sĩŋ oːbɑː r Noun. lion.

sijorem Noun. testicle. ɡime ʔnɑ sijorem. goat's testicle.

sĩŋɡiɖɑ k̚ See FV: sini ɖɑʔ k̚ . Noun. gruel (rice), rice- siri Noun. pit. dɑʔɡ uro ʔnɑ siribok ̚ tirim ɖɑ k̚ tɑ. If it water. rains water gets stored in a pit.

sĩŋɡɖĩ jɑ Noun. prawns. sĩŋɡɖĩ jɑ m ɑʔ ɖõjon ɑ m ʊrɑj. If sire Noun. amulet. bo ɳɖɑ remole sire ətiti tut ɑ. ̃ prawns curry is cooked it is tasty(Lit. sweet). Bondo men wear an amulet on upper arm.

sɪtɑː ku ɳɖ Noun. a sacred place for Remo/ Bondo sirli Noun. goats' eating leaf. people. It is located in Podayiguda village (near Mundulipada) in Bondo hills where Sita Devi is believed to have taken bath during the Vanavasa period of Ramayana. sɪtɑː ku ɳɖ po ɽɑ jɡuɖɑ bok ̚ ɖut ɑ. Sitakhund is at Podayiguda village.

sɪtɑː pol Noun. custard apple. nĩŋ s ɪtɑː pol ɡul ɑjne pul ɑj sukuk ̚ Noun. small dried bottle gourd's spoon/ladle. dos ʈɑŋ kɑnɑ duk ɑː nbok ̚ sobo r ũŋɡ õ n ĩŋ . I mo ŋɡlɑlɑ t ɔjp ɑk̚ sukuk ̚ s ɑpũŋ ʊɖ o. Mongla purchased custard apples for ten rupees form drank half ladle Salfi beer. а shop for children. Annona Reticulata .

su ʈop ̚ Noun. blunt arrow (used for hunting birds). sɪnɑʔɖɑ̃j Pl: sɪnɑʔɖɑ̃jẽ. Noun. thread (made from Salfi su ɖi Borrowed From: O. Pl: su ɖile . Noun. bangles tree). sɑpũŋẽburõ ŋ s ɪnɑʔɖ e or ɑ̃jto. Thread is made of clay. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑː ne su ɖile obudi made from Salfi tree bark. tĩŋɡto. Bondo women wear lot of bangles.

sɪnɑʔɖ e Noun. bowstring. sɑpũŋẽburõ ŋ s ɪnɑʔɖ e or ɑ̃jto Thread is made from Sapung tree. su ɳɖ ruk ̚ Noun. umbrella made of palm leaves. somb ɑril ɑ su ɳɖ ruk ̚ sɪtɑ lew ũŋ bok ̚ p ɑjʈi ɖemto. Sombari is working in the field holding a palm leaves umbrella (Sundruk).

sun ɑʔɖẽj Pl: sun ɑʔɖẽjẽ. Noun. bowstring. nĩŋ əpuri t ĩŋ tĩŋ b ɛlɑ sun ɑʔɖẽj setuk ̚ wuj ɡɑ . At the time of shooting a bird the bowstring snapped. mo ŋlɑlɑ s ɑː tɡoʈɑ sun ɑʔɖẽjẽ oʔrojõ. Mongla has made seven bowstrings.

sɪlɑːɾɑ Noun. katla (a type of fish). sɪlɑːɾɑ m ʊnɑ mʊnɑ ɖɪ tɑ. There are big Katla (-а type of fish). Catla catla .

suom Noun. shaft of the arrow.

sun ɑʔ tɑp̚ Noun. instrument used to castrate bulls. sumroj ʔ See MP: sũŋɡroj . Noun. a bracelet made-up of brass or aluminium metal (Bondo women wear it). nĩŋ tu ɡol ɑ sumroj ʔ ətĩŋ tĩŋ . Yesterday, I did not wear a bracelet.

sur ɡuj ʔtɑ̃ŋ s ɑr Pl: sur ɡuj ʔtãŋ s ɑre . Noun. a forest flower. sur ɡuj ʔtɑŋ s ɑr tulib ɑj ɖut ɑ. The forest flower is white in colour.

sunuk ̚ Noun. soft broom for sweeping inside the house. somb ɑril ɑ sunuk ̚ burõ ŋ suksi ŋ sukto. Sombari is sweeping with а soft broom.

sulup ̚ 1 Noun. deer. lɑʈɑ bok ̚ sulup ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. Deer is in the forest. sunuk ̚ mi Noun. nose ring. mõ ŋɡlil ɑ repte mojn ɑbɑj sunuk ̚ mi su ɡmi ɡit ɑ. Mongli has worn many beautiful nose rings.

sulup ̚ 2 Noun. stag. əsulup ̚ ɖer ũŋ ɖɪ tɑ. Stag has horns.

sunuk l ɑ̃ŋ Noun. hairpin. bo ɳɖɑ sel ɑne ɡun ɑjbo ʔ ɡɑ jʔbok ̚ sek ̚ sunuk ̚ lɑ̃ʔŋ su ɡ̚ lɑ̃ŋ tɑ. Bondo women put hairpin to the headband beads garland.

sulop ̚ See MP : semuk ̚ . Noun. tree. Pl: sulo ʔbe . ECHO: sulop ̚ s ɑlɑp̚ , sulo ʔbe s ɑlɑʔ bɑ. nĩŋ nɑ burõ ŋbok ̚ sulop ̚ wuj ɖɑɡɑʔ sɑ por ɡɑʔ . In my highland field a tree swayed due to gale. sunu ʔɡɑ r Noun. hard broom used for sweeping burõ ŋbok ̚ sulop ̚ s ɑlɑp̚ ɑrɑk̚ . There is no tree outside the house. runuks ĩŋ bok ̚ n ĩŋd͜ zõ ŋ and the like in forest. burõ ŋbok ̚ sulobe ʔ sunu ɡɑ r burõŋ s ʊɡɑː rto. My mother is sɑlɑʔ bɑ ɑrɑk̚ . There are no trees and the like sweeping front yard with а hard broom. in forest.

sulop ̚ se Noun. plough handle/tail. susokunuj Noun. Skunk Vine, Chinese fever vine. Paederia foetida .

su ʔnɑk̚ sɑʔɡ̚ ɖɑ Noun. a hole above the door which is used as a window. su ʔnɑk̚ sɑʔɡ̚ɖɑ bok ̚ d ͜ zɑ d ͜ zɑ remo s ɑʔɡ̚ nɑ nej d ͜ zutunej. We see from the hole above the door that who has come to our house.

suloj Pl: suloje . Noun. intestines, stomach, belly. ɡuj ʔtɑŋ nɑ suloj mun ɑʔ bɑj ɖut ɑ. The stomach of cow is big. ɡime ʔɖ en ɑ suloje m ɑʔ ɖojnto. With the intestines of goat curry is cooked. sũŋɡroj See DP: sumroj ʔ. Noun. armlet, bracelet made- up of brass or aluminium metal (Bondo women wear it). somb ɑril ɑ s ũŋɡ roj repte tũŋ õt ɑ. Sombari is wearing many bracelets.

se ɳɖ i Noun. tonsure. kimb ɔʔɽɑ k̚ p ɔrɑb ɖoʔnɑ suw ɑʔmũŋ Pl: suw ɑʔmũŋẽ. Noun. basket (16 to 18 kgs əɡ uʔɡule ɡul ɑjro se ɳɖ i b ũŋ to. During a body paddy). tilim ɖɑ k̚ kuru ŋ suw ɑʔ mũŋ bok ̚ kerõ ŋ cleansing festival in the month of August all tejõ ri ŋɡ to. From the threshing floor the the children will be tonsured. paddy is brought in a Bamboo basket (16 to 18 kgs capacity). nĩŋ bok ̚ suw ɑʔmũŋ si ʔmĩŋ əɖ ut ɑ. I don’t have Bamboo basket (16 to 18 kgs capacity) and the like.

sendur semuk ̚ Noun. a type of tree. bɔɳɖɑɡɑːʈi repte susu ʔ Noun. measuring grain after Patkhenda sendur semuk ̚ ɖɪ tɑ. There are more sendur festival. nɑjkn ɑ runuk ̚ bok ̚ susuk ̚ ɖ ent ɑ. At the trees in the Bondo hills. courtyard of Nayak's house grain is measured after Patkhenda festival.

semuk ̚ See DP : sulop ̚ . Noun. tree. re semuk ̚ bo ɳɖɑ ɡɑːʈi soj ʈɑ̃ŋɡɑ s ɑɾi Noun. white color forest flower. ɖit ɑ. Cane trees are in Bondo hills. soj ʈɑɳɡɑ sɑɾi burõŋ ɡiɡe ɡejtin ɑj. We are worshiping with white color forest flowers.

sempu t ɑp̚ Noun. fog, mist. bɔɳɖɑɡɑːʈi repte sempu tɑp̚ ɖɪ tɑ. There is thick fog in the Bondo hills.

sorud ͜ zɑ̃ŋɡ Noun. a sacramental meal taken by people who completed fasting during the Patkhenda festival. sẽŋer Noun. Indian gooseberry, amla (an acid fruit). Emblic Myrobalan .

̚ sɛɲ er Noun. touch me not plant. sorlõj Noun. cucumber. nɑjn ɑ ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌː burbok repte sorlõj su ʔuɡɪ tɑ. In our kitchen garden many cucumbers yielded. Cucumis sativas .

sɔkɑː Noun. shirt. nĩŋ bok ̚ ɛɡɑ rʈɑ sɔkɑ ɖɪ tɑ. I have sodor Pl: sodore . Noun. an elevated platform made of eleven shirts with me. stones where the village elders hold council. sodorbok ̚ dij ɑː li ərke sis ɑ ɡiɡe ɡeto. Priest performs religious ritual in the month of festival of lights (Diwali) at the elevated stone platform.

a bamboo pole hung horizontally for hanging up clothes amulet

A - a a bamboo pole hung horizontally for hanging up a musical instrument of Shehnai type, a double reed clothes Noun. nok ̚ serpo ʔ woodwind instrument, an Oboe a basket which hangs to the roof for hen to lay eggs and Noun. mojr ɑ brood Noun. tũŋ kur ɑː k a particular type of leaves which are placed underside of a beam of timber Noun. tini the roof to ward off ancestors evil spirits a big bamboo storage tray, it's also used for drying Noun. pɑʔɖ u grain. Noun. pir ĩŋ tɑ̃ŋ a plank used as a bench for keeping water pot or a big size bamboo storage tray, a flat basket(it's also vessels Noun. ɖɑʔ k̚ ɡolejn ɑ p ɑʈɑ used for drying grain.) Noun. pur ĩŋ tɑ̃ŋ a plant Noun. si ːrsi a bracelet made-up of brass or aluminium metal (Bondo a ploughshaft Noun. kɔʈ i women wear it) Noun. sumroj ʔ a red coloured beads garland Noun. ɡun ɑjʔbok ̚ a chemical tablet used in preparing rice beer for a respectful oblation to Gods or to venerable men, of intoxication. Noun. pe ɳɖ om sirõ ŋ rice, grass, flowers with water. a cloth bundle or pack Noun. tine puk ̚ Noun. tob ̚ nɑʔ rɑk̚ a colorful beads garland Noun. tin ĩŋ suk ̚ lubuj ʔɖɑ k̚ a row of cattle/bullocks driven abreast to thrash-out a custom by Remo people. Feathers of mother hen are millets/corn etc. Noun. ɖɑ mɖi plucked and inserted into the half egg shell. a sack of rice Noun. bɑstek ̚ ũŋ kuk ̚ They place it in the path. By this they believe a sacramental meal taken by people who completed that the hatchlings will growup safely. fasting during the Patkhenda festival Noun. sɑ̃ŋɡ o s ĩŋ bule ʔj s ĩŋ Noun. sorud ͜ zɑ̃ŋɡ a custom in Remo/Bondo tribe. Noun. rũŋ kuk bibe a sacred place for Remo/ Bondo people. It is located in a dry leaf which is used in curries Noun. be ɳɖɑːsũj Podayiguda village (near Mudlipoda) in Bondo hills where Sita Devi is believed to a forest flower Noun. ɡis ĩŋ mor ɑj have taken bath during the Vanavasa period Noun. ɡus ɑ̃ŋ s ʊrɑj s ɑri of Ramayana. Noun. sɪtɑː ku ɳɖ Noun. bo ŋrɑː nɑ s ɑri a shed erected on poles in a field for a person to watch Noun. mʊnɑ sur ɡuj t ɑ̃ŋ the crop Noun. ɡʊnɑ Noun. sur ɡuj ʔtɑ̃ŋ s ɑr ̚ a foundation of a house, basement Noun. pɑnɖuʔsõŋ a slate shaped leaf Noun. bənɑk a small bamboo basket used to measure grain in a hole above the door which is used as a window Patkhenda festival Noun. ɖĩŋɖĩŋ tum Noun. su ʔnɑk̚ sɑʔɡ̚ ɖɑ a hut/ dormitory in the high-land field, for watching a small measuring bamboo jar Noun. mɑn crops. Noun. ku ɖij ɑ a type of earthen pot used for cooking (rice) gruel a kind of creeper Noun. ɳɖ rɑ̃ŋ ɡɑ jb ũŋ Noun. əɽ kɑ a kind of fig tree Noun. pĩŋɡu a type of flower Noun. tõ ŋsi ʔbulej s ɑri a kind of spinach Noun. lurob ̚ a type of forest grass used as roof Noun. bɔruw ɑ ̚ a kind of thorny plant Noun. ɡubur a type of fruit Noun. ɡuɡɑː k bulu ̚ a kind of tree Noun. ɑmɑr a type of green leafy vegetable Noun. insembi ob Noun. kure a type of leaf used in curry Noun. lɑms ɑr Noun. ɡus ɑ̃ŋ teb a type of plant Noun. lɑlɑpɑ Noun. bunt ɑʔme a type of tree Noun. irlim Noun. lemo ʔrɑj Noun. ɖumb ɑd͜ zu ɖɑ k̚ a ladle, a spoon made of bamboo stick Noun. t͜ sɑʔti Noun. rɑʔbli a large brown millipede Noun. ŋɡor ɡɑ Noun. sendur semuk ̚ a type of tuber Noun. tõ ŋɖĩŋ suj a type of wild tree Noun. burb ũŋ s ũj

a wooden wedge, peg (a Y shaped stick used to tie cattle) butterfly a wooden wedge, peg (a Y shaped stick used to tie an elevated platform made of stones where the village cattle) Noun. tunu ɡuj elders hold council Noun. si ɳɖ ibor acacia Noun. tenl ɛʔ sɑr Noun. sodor agave Noun. mur ɡɑʔ anklet Noun. ərs ũŋ almond (not edible) Noun. ki ɾəŋ̃ sɑr anthill Noun. tej ũ aluminium neck band Noun. limbin nso ŋuk ̚ apple Noun. əpul armlet, bracelet made-up of brass or aluminium metal aluminium vessel Noun. mɑːɳɖɑ (Bondo women wear it) Noun. sũŋɡroj amulet Noun. bit arrow Noun. oʔom Noun. sire ̚ an edible fruit Noun. mb ɑʔŋ ash Noun. ʊksõ ŋ axe Noun. ʈɑ̃ŋdz ̆ ʌ

B - b bachelor's dormitory Noun. ŋɡers ĩŋ beat Transitive verb. buk ̚ bael tree, Indian bael Noun. bel beechwood tree Noun. ɡisim ɑr bag Noun. mʊnɑ berry Noun. nsor bamboo Noun. ɑʔɑ big basket used for storing paddy Noun. ɖɑ lɑ bamboo measuring jar Noun. əʔɖɑ big knife Noun. kɑː nd ɑ bamboo plant Noun. ɑʔɑː semuk ̚ bitter gourd Noun. kɑrl ɑ Bamboo stick used as a ladder to climb the Salfi tree black fox tail millet Noun. jew ɑː k̚ wuj Noun. bɔnɔk̚ black gram Noun. ɡibe ɡɑ̃ŋɡ banana tree Noun. nsuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ semuk ̚ black or chebulic myrobalan Noun. tʊso banana, plantain Noun. nsuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ blunt arrow (used for hunting birds) Noun. su ʈop ̚ bangles made of clay Noun. su ɖi bolt Noun. ɡɛɖɑ banyan tree Noun. to ʔɑːr semuk ̚ bone of cattle Noun. ɡɔ jt ɑ̃ŋ nɑ s ɪks ɑ̃ŋ Noun. nt ɑp̚ border of a cloth/saree Noun. sɑɡ̚ ɖĩŋ po bark Noun. ʊsɑ bottle gourd Noun. lɑwu basket (16 to 18 kgs paddy) Noun. suw ɑʔmũŋ bottle gourd container Noun. tumb ɑ basket (3 Kg) Noun. tɑ̃ŋ ke bow Noun. wɑk̚ basket and winnowing basket/tray Noun. ɖɑ mũŋ kinsup ̚ bowl, metal pot for cooking rice Noun. noki basket in square shape (5 kgs capacity) Noun. timbo ʔ bowstring Noun. sɪnɑʔɖ e Noun. sun ɑʔɖẽj basket snare to catch fish Noun. dz ̆ ir ɑ bracelet, armlet Noun. kɑʔɖ u bathe oneself Transitive verb. kim ɑ brass neck band Noun. pitoln ɑ nso ŋuk ̚ Transitive verb. kum ɑ brick Noun. ɪlʈɑ battle-axe, pole-axe Noun. ʈɑ̃ŋɡi beaded headpiece Noun. lɑʔɖẽj brickkiln Noun. il ʈɑ tur ɑ̃ŋ beads garland Noun. loboj ʔɖɑ k̚ bridge Noun. brid ͜ z beak Noun. ʈoʔmn ɑ brinjal Noun. nijõm beans Noun. binis broken pan Noun. kurl ɑ̃ːŋ bear Noun. ɡibeso bronze plate/bowl Noun. ɑrl ɑm bronze vessel Noun. pitol b ɑʈi

brook dry fish brook Noun. ɖɑ wb ɑjp əɾɑ k bunch of peacock feathers Noun. bɑrɑkũŋ bucket Noun. bɑlʈi bund in a field Noun. kunu ɡ̚ bɔʔ building Noun. bil ɖĩŋɡ butterfly Noun. lɪlɑb̚

C - c cabbage Noun. ʊlɑk̚ kopi chisel Noun. ɡunuk ̚ cage Noun. turbi cloth Noun. mpo Noun. r t wor ɑ̃ŋ ɑ cloth pouch, purse Noun. besni calf Noun. uʔũːŋɡuj cluster fig tree, country fig Noun. bulukur Noun. oʔõːŋɡoj coconut Noun. nɑɽij ɑ carpenter's adze Noun. lɑnɑk̚ comb of rooster, crest Noun. te ɳɖɑ rs ĩŋ Noun. lun ɑk̚ commemoration anniversary, death ritual Noun. ɡɑ jʔse carrot Noun. ɡɑ d͜ zor carry a child in a sling hung across shoulder and armpit coop, fowl's shelter Noun. ɡis ĩŋ s ɑlu Verb. oʔɡ oʔ cow Noun. ɡuj ʔtɑ̃ŋ carry on head Verb. tẽj Noun. d͜ zo ːʔŋõj Noun. jõ ŋɡuj carry on shoulder Verb. ɖun cow bell Noun. ɖi( ː)r ẽŋ carry something on shoulder Verb. tɛmp ɑ̃ŋɡ cow dung Noun. ɪk̚ tɑ̃ŋ carry, carry on shoulder Verb. ɖɔ n cowpea, white hyacinth bean, lablab bean carrying pole Noun. bo ɳɖũŋ õ Noun. kɑtikok ̚ cashew nut Noun. bɑlj ɑ cowrie Noun. bute ʔ cashew tree Noun. bɑlj ɑ semuk ̚ cow-shed Noun. sɑlu ɡuj catapult Noun. ɡʊls ɑ Noun. sɑlu ɡoj cattle, cow Noun. ɡoj ʔtɑ̃ŋ crab Noun. ŋɡõ cauliflower Noun. pulkopi creeping woodsorrel Noun. pusujli Noun. sɑrikupi crocodile Noun. mũŋ ur chest Noun. ɡire cuckoo Noun. kojilipi chick Noun. uʔuːsĩŋ cucumber Noun. sorlõj Noun. õʔõs ĩŋ custard apple Noun. sɪtɑː pol chilli Noun. morsi

D - d dancing in the festivals by holding hands from the back door Noun. pɑʈɑ in a group Noun. ɔlɑː nt ɑr door frame Noun. dw ɑː rbun date palm Noun. ŋɡũŋ rɑk̚ door latch, hasp, bolt Noun. sinkili deer Noun. sulup ̚ dragonfly Noun. bumbuj dog Noun. ɡusu ʔ dried and salted fish Noun. buti ʔsuk ɑ Noun. ɡuso dried fish (small one) Noun. bɑlisuk ɑ

drink green chilli drink Verb. i dry chilly Noun. nsor mor Verb. u dry fish Noun. nsorb ɑj əɽ õŋ droppings of goat Noun. iɡme dry meat Noun. nsorb ɑj seli drum Noun. ki ɳɖĩŋ dry prawn(s) Noun. nsor ʔbɑj si ŋɡɖi drumstick Noun. mʊɡɑ duck Noun. õːns

E - e eagle Noun. nɑʔ lɑ̃ŋ pi elevated platform in the field for watching crops ear Noun. luntur Noun. tun ũŋ tɑ ear stud Noun. limbilu elevated wooden platform for keeping the finger millet etc. to dry and also to keep away from the earring Noun. nsurlu cattle Noun. rɑ̃ŋɖɑʔ k̚ s ɑm egg Noun. ntop ̚ elephant Noun. əti

F - f feather Noun. bile ʔsĩŋ fix Transitive verb. sip ̚ kuro ̚ finger millet gruel Noun. ntir ɑk flat earthen pot for soaking/frying millet Noun. kʊrɑ̃j Noun. ntur k̚ ɑ flower Noun. sɑri finger millets, mandeya corn Noun. sɑʔme fog, mist Noun. sempu t ɑp̚ finger millet cake (which is baked by placing the flattened dough in between the leaves of the forest cashew Noun. nsuj Siyadi tree (Botanical name Bauhinia Vahili)’ forest grass used for roof, straw, thatching grass and placed on fire). Noun. boluk ̚ sɑm Noun. lõ ŋ fire wood Noun. mu ʈlɑsõŋ forest red fruit which is not edible Noun. sɑ̃ŋ sɑ̃ŋ bɑj fireplace, hearth, oven Noun. ɡujsõŋ bulu firewood Noun. ɖuɖosõ ŋ foundation Noun. wɑnɑks ũŋ firewood bundle Noun. ɡunuk ̚ sõ ŋ fox Noun. kojl ɑ Noun. kolj ɑ fish Noun. əɽ õŋ

G - g garlic Noun. tulij rusuno goat shed Noun. sɑlume ʔ ginger Noun. ədɑ goat's beard Noun. kurs ɑk̚ me ʔ goat Noun. ɡime ʔ goat's shed Noun. ɡimes ɑlu

goats' eating leaf jingle bell, anklet of small tinkling bells worn by dancers, pellet bell goats' eating leaf Noun. sirli green gram Noun. musri grass Noun. kir ɑ̃j Noun. mũŋ grass hanged to the elevated platform in the hill field to groundnut Noun. bɑdɑː m protect against the wild animals and evil eye. gruel (rice), rice-water Noun. sĩŋɡiɖɑ k̚ Noun. lu ɳɖĩŋ guava Noun. dz ̆ ʌːm grasshopper Noun. ɡɪ tɑ̃jl ɑ green chilli Noun. burob ɑj mors ĩŋ

H - h hair Noun. uɡ̚ bok ̚ heart-leaved moon seed Noun. lu ːp̚ hairpin Noun. sip ̚ nɑ hen Noun. ɡis ĩŋ Noun. sunuk l ɑ̃ŋ highland for cultivation Noun. burs ũŋ halter for cattle, rope halter for cow Noun. je ʔtɑŋɡ uj ̃ highland for cultivation, hill, forest, hill-field handle of handmill Noun. kɪlɑ Noun. biri handmill Noun. d͜ zɑnt ɑ Noun. burõ ŋ handmill made of stone and mud (used for grinding hinge of a door (Lit. Leg of a door) Noun. tiks ũŋ p ɑʈɑ ̚ pearl millet), stone grinder. Noun. punujrik hoe Noun. nso hard broom used for sweeping outside the house hole, window Noun. kɑnɑ Noun. sunu ʔɡɑ r hoof Noun. kur harrow or levelling board Noun. ku ʈru hook Noun. bob ̚ ns ɔŋɡu head-band worn by Bondo women Noun. rʊnɑŋ bɔk̚ ̃ horn Noun. ɖer ũŋ lubuj ɖɑ k̚ head-pad, annular pad, ring of straw placed on the horse-gram Noun. kolont ground for a round bottomed pot to rest on house Noun. ɖiŋõ Noun. tine( ː)r ɑk̚ Noun. ɖijo hearth, fire-place, an oven,common cooking place in the hump Noun. tẽŋkur village Noun. tiri ʔsõ ŋ husk of rice, bran, chaff Noun. ənɑp̚ Noun. turusõ ŋ

I - i

Indian gooseberry, amla (an acid fruit) Noun. sẽŋer instrument used to castrate bulls Noun. sun ɑʔ tɑp̚ Indian green pit viper, common green pit viper intestines, stomach, belly Noun. suloj Trimeresurus gramineus (Sc. name) iron rod used for pounding turmeric and red chillies Noun. mb ɑ̃ŋ bu Noun. kumbur inflorescence of Sulfi tree Noun. ɳɖ ers ɑ

J - j

jack fruit tree monkey (male) jack fruit tree Noun. ʊŋkus ũj semuk ̚ jeep Noun. dz ̆ ip ɡɑɖi jackfruit Noun. unkus ũj jingle bell, anklet of small tinkling bells worn by ̚ jackfruit mushroom Noun. kɑrko ʔtuj dancers, pellet bell Noun. uj ɑk

K - k kangu corn, fox tail millet Noun. uj ʔɖɑːr kitchen Noun. rɑɳɖɑ ɖijo katla (a type of fish) Noun. sɪlɑːɾɑ kitchen garden Noun. ɖĩŋ dz ̆ ʌːbur kendu tree Noun. ti ːre knife Noun. nsuk̚ key Noun. kusi

L - l ladder Noun. d͜ zono ɡ̚ r ɑ̃ŋ leasf cup, a cup made of a leaf or leaves Noun. sip ̚ li ladle made of small dried bottle gourd which is used to lemon Noun. lembu scoop and drink salfi beer Noun. ɖumni lid Noun. ɖɑ nkuni ladle, scoop, big spoon Numeral. t͜ sɑːʈu Noun. ɖʊ nɑː rẽj lady-fern, common lady-fern Noun. kɑ̃ŋ kɑ̃ŋɡ ti linseed plant, flaxseed plant Noun. olsi ̚ leaf Noun. ʊlɑk lion Noun. sĩŋ oːbɑː r Noun. pɑʔɖ u lip Noun. lujertom leaf basket stitched with Maloo creeper (Siyadi) leaves Little Millet Noun. ri ɡ̚ ɖɑʔ r Noun. punt ɑʔ leaf of wild cashew which is kept at eaves or edge of liver Noun. sɑkub ɑʈi roof. By this Bondo believe that their locket Noun. mɑː li ancestral spirits will not enter into the house. loft, rafters Noun. rɑ̃ŋɖɑ k̚ Noun. nsuj ʔpɑʔ loin cloth, a small piece of cloth worn over the privates leaf packet for keeping different types of grains (by men) Noun. ɡosi Noun. uno ob ̚ ɡ ʔ long handle sickle Noun. kʊ̃ŋɑ leaf-cup pin, straw pin (leaves stitching straw pin) Lusur (name of a Bondo clan) street Noun. lusur s ɑj Noun. ntur

M - m maize Noun. d͜ zɔnɑ measure Verb. tũŋ Maloo Creeper, Siyadi tree Noun. lɑɳɖ u sulop ̚ Verb. nɑː p̚ mango Noun. uli Transitive verb. mɑː p Noun. li measuring grain after Patkhenda festival Noun. susu ʔ manure Noun. ɑrlop ̚ medium sized (5 kgs.) basket for storing grain and also used for catching fish to remove water from match box Noun. kɑɽ id zõj ͜ the pond Noun. lɑnt ɑmũŋ matchbox Noun. ɖinep ̚ sõ ŋ medium sized round stone used for grinding and making matchstick Noun. kɑɖisõŋ paste of spices, stone pestle, muller grinding stone Noun. bɑʈiːber

metal bangle(s) pole of a carrying yoke metal bangle(s) Noun. lɑ̃ŋ kɑɖɑ k̚ mortar Noun. sɑbuk ̚ Mock fight festival celebrated in the month of January mother Noun. d͜ zõ ŋ Noun. dz ̆ ʌːʈ pɔrɑb̚ Noun. jõ ŋ mongoose Noun. kosutur mother hen Noun. d͜ zõ ŋsĩŋ monkey Noun. ɡis ɑk̚ Noun. jõ ŋsĩŋ Noun. ɡus ɑk̚ mushroom Noun. ntuj monkey (male) Noun. bɑʔ sɑk̚ mutton Noun. ɡime ʔse

N - n neck metal band Noun. nsõ ŋuk ̚ nose Noun. inse ʔmi neem tree Noun. lim semuk ̚ nose ring Noun. sunuk ̚ mi nest Noun. ns ɑk̚ pi node Noun. reku

O - o okra, lady's finger Noun. be ɳɖ i oval shaped basket used for fishing and storing grains old person Noun. ɖɔɡ rɑrem Noun. le ʔnt ɑp̚ onion Noun. rusuno owl Noun. kʊrm ɑ oval shaped bamboo basket used for fishing and storing grains Noun. le ʔtɑp̚

P - p paddy Noun. kerõ ŋ pig's feeding wooden trough/tub Noun. tur ɑː bi palm beer Noun. sɑpũŋ pigeon Noun. pɑrɑ palm tree Noun. tɑː l semuk ̚ Noun. pɔrɑ papaya tree Noun. əmrut piglet Noun. uʔumbi parasitic plant Noun. ɡup ɑm̚ Noun. oʔõːmbu parrot Noun. orle pigsty Noun. ɖembu Patkhenda mapru (

plough sling plough Noun. sine pot used for cooking rice/curry Noun. ku ɳɖ i plough handle/tail Noun. sulop ̚ se potato Noun. əlu ploughshaft Noun. ɖɑːɳɖ i pour Verb. uɽu ploughshare Noun. sinel ɑk̚ powder Noun. ɡuɳɖ o ploughshoe Noun. ko ɳʈ lɑse prawns Noun. sĩŋɡɖĩ jɑ pole Noun. ʈɪ kɑ kom pumpkin Noun. kum ɖɑ pole of a carrying yoke Noun. lɑɡ̚ ɖ um pumpkin leaf Noun. kum ɖɑ pɑʔ pond (a place where Bondos wash their clothes) puppy Noun. uʔũsu ʔ Noun. bo ʔɖɑ k̚ Noun. oʔõso post, pillar, stump Noun. tunu bo ŋkɑɽɑ pot Noun. nk ũj

R - r radish Noun. mʊlɑ river Noun. ki ɳɖɑ k̚ rafter Noun. ru ɳom Noun. pɑrɑk̚ raw banana, plantain Noun. burob ɑj nsuk ̚ ɖɑ k̚ road Noun. ro ːɖ raw papaya Noun. burob ɑj əmrut roll of bark Noun. musuk ̚ suk ̚ red ant Noun. əwuk ̚ roof Noun. əsũŋ red gram Noun. lubur ɡɑ̃ŋɡ Noun. ɡiɖɑ̃ŋ bul ẽj Noun. ɡʊɖɑ̃ŋ bul ɑ̃j rice Noun. rũŋ kuk ̚ root Noun. re ɡi rice beer Noun. pe ɳɖ om rope Noun. ɡije rice grains stuck on the forehead Noun. bɑʔjtum rope made of buffalo skin (used for tying the plough) rice grains used at worship Noun. rũŋ kuk ̚ ɖɑʔ k̚ Noun. borot rice gruel Noun. sini ɖɑʔ k̚ rope made of sesbania tree bark Noun. ɡiɡej rice gruel curry Noun. sini ɖɑ k̚ ob ̚ rope or grass used in bait-trap for birds Noun. not ẽj ring Noun. ɔrti rope used for carrying pole/ yoke Noun. ʊːŋ ripe red chilli Noun. bulukun mors ĩŋ round-mouth fish basket Noun. le ʔsĩŋ

S - s

Salfi stick used by Remos at the time of mock fight semli tree, silk cotton tree Noun. kir ɑ̃ŋ festival (Jhati porob) Noun. sɑpũŋ rɑ̃ŋ Noun. kiri ŋẽj Salfi tree Noun. sɑpũŋ set of leaf cups which are used at the time of ritual salt bag Noun. uj ĩŋ Noun. bim ɑsõŋ sandal tree Noun. dɑː dusulop shaft of the arrow Noun. suom sari Noun. ɡonolik ̚ po sheep Noun. mɛɳɖɑ say Verb. u shelf (wooden plank fixed to a wall) Noun. tɑk̚ scallion, spring onion Noun. rusunop ɑ shirt Noun. sɔkɑː school Noun. iskul shoot with an arrow Verb. tũj sea Noun. ki ɳɖɑ k̚ shoot with arrow Verb. tĩŋ seed Noun. uŋker sickle Noun. oːrõj seed of Siyadi tree Noun. lɑmuk ̚ Silver cockscomb Noun. buj ẽ ob ̚

skin village skin Noun. is ɑʔ soot, black, smut Noun. ns ɑjʔ skin, bark of tree, wrapper Noun. us ɑ space in front of the door of a house Noun. sɑli ʔkur skirt (waist cloth) worn by Bondo women which serves sparrow Noun. kj ɑ̃ŋ pi ̚ as a modesty cloth Noun. no ɖik Speckled Alder tree Noun. nto ʔɑ Skunk Vine, Chinese fever vine Noun. susokunuj stag Noun. sulup ̚ sky Noun. ke ʔtũŋ stag horn Noun. ɖer ũŋ su sling Noun. ʊːŋɡber stainless steel/aluminium vessel Noun. ɡɑ jr ɑ small basket used for storing Noun. tipni Noun. ɡɑ rj ɑ small dried bottle gourd's spoon/ladle Noun. sukuk ̚ steel carrier, steel tiffinbox Noun. mũŋɡu small drum Noun. ʈɑ mok ̚ strainer Noun. t͜ sɑlni small pearl millet Noun. punuj stream Noun. d͜ zud ͜ zor ɖɑ k̚ small pot made of brass that is used for drinking water string instrument Noun. ɡun ũɡũŋɡ Noun. pitol m ʊtɑ sun Noun. si ɲĩ soft broom for sweeping inside the house Noun. sunuk ̚

T - t tabla Noun. ʈʰɑmok ̚ threshing floor Noun. tilim ɖɑ k̚ tabret, tabor, drum Noun. mordol thumb Noun. d͜ zõ ŋti tail Noun. pɑrɑ tiger Noun. kukus ɑk̚ Noun. pur ɑʔ Noun. kʊsɑk̚ tamarind Noun. tintim tiles used for roof Noun. un ɑsĩŋ testicle Noun. sijorem Noun. un ɑsũŋ thatch Noun. əsũŋ timber Noun. kɔʈɔ the appendage of pestle that is designed with iron tobacco, local cigarette Noun. ɖũŋɡjɑ Noun. es ɑː r tomato Noun. bed ͜ zɑ the big curve shaped grinding stone which is the base tonsure Noun. se ɳɖ i stone for making paste of spices tooth Noun. ɡine Noun. rini ʔber ̚ Noun. ribitiber tortoise Noun. kũjik Noun. ri ʔbutiber touch me not plant Noun. sɛɲ er The cord used to fasten around a Bondo woman's waist trap Noun. ʊnurok ̚ which holds the skirt suspended (and it serves tree Noun. sulop ̚ as a modesty piece of cloth) Noun. tunujej ʔ Noun. semuk ̚ The handle of an axe Noun. tin ĩŋ ɡɔʔ Trumpet (Musical instrument made of Bison’s horn) thread (made from Salfi tree) Noun. sɪnɑʔɖɑ̃j Noun. bũŋ ten ɑ pine thread tied to dried bottle container Noun. sinijej tuber Noun. lob ̚ turmeric Noun. sɑ̃ŋ sɑ̃ŋ thread/rope of a key Noun. kus ɪnɑ ɡiɡej

U - u

̚ umbrella made of palm leaves Noun. su ɳɖ ruk upper earring Noun. d͜ zũŋ d͜ zũŋ li

V - v

village yoke, the small rafter laid across the plough village Noun. ŋɡõm

W - w wall Noun. ku ɖo window Noun. d͜ zɔlk ɑ Noun. konti winnow Verb. ɡim waterfall Noun. lunok ̚ ɖɑ k̚ winnow with wind Verb. er watermelon Noun. to ɾbudz ̆ winnowing basket/tray Noun. kinsup ̚ wattle Noun. lo ɖkime ʔ Noun. kesup ̚ weave, fix fence, hedge Verb. tɑjntur winnowing sidewise Verb. bu ɡ̚ jer weeds Noun. kir ɑ̃j wood Noun. nũŋ Noun. d͜ zol ɑntri wooden ladle/spoon used for removing husk of the little weeds, grass, Noun. kir ẽj millets Noun. ɡɑ jʔsɑ weekly market Noun. ɑːʈ wooden measuring jar (for rice) Noun. lɑk̚ tim well Noun. kũŋ õ wooden nail Noun. ku ɳʈ i Noun. kũj wooden pestle Noun. tĩŋẽ wheel (Lit. leg of vehicle) Noun. teks ũŋɡɑɽi wooden pin of a plough Noun. kurs ɑː li whetstone, rasp, (a medium sized round small stone wooden plank, stool or plank to sit or stand on used for sharpening knife, axe etc) Noun. pɑʈɑ Noun. ɑʔjeber Noun. pi ʈɑ white color forest flower Noun. soj ʈɑŋɡɑ s ɑɾi ̃ worship, a promise to offer a sacrifice to God wickerwork muzzle for animals Noun. re ʔtom Noun. ɡiɡe wild date palm Noun. mpo ʔ ŋɡũŋ rɑ

Y - y yoke, the small rafter laid across the plough Noun. ɲunõ ŋ

______∞ ______

REMO/BONDO-ENGLISH PICTORIAL DICTIONARY

References

Bhattacharya, Sudhibhushan. 1968. A Bonda Dictionary . Poona: Deccan College, Postgraduate and Research Institute. Census of India 2011. District Census Handbook Malkangiri, Series -22, Part XII-B, Directorate of Census Operations, Odisha. Elwin, Varrier. 1950. Bondo Highlander. Bombay: Oxford University Press. Farnandez, Frank. 1969. A Grammatical Sketch of Remo: A Munda Language . Ph.D. Thesis. Unpublished. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. Gwynn, J.P. L and Venkateswara Sastry, J. 1991. A Telugu-English Dictionary. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Hannah Alex and Alexander. 2000. Phonemic Summery of Bondo Language. Unpublished. Asha Kiran Society, Lumtaput, Koraput District, Orissa. http://www.malkangirizp.odishapr.gov.in/documents/1089945/0/malkangiri-river-map.gif?t =1373364954298 Malkangiri District Map , Odisha http://www.malkangirizp.odishapr.gov.in/photo-gallery Khairput Block Map, Malkangiri District, Odisha. Ramachandra Rao, V. 1981. The Sound System of Remo. M. Phil. Thesis. Unpublished. Osmania University, Hyderabad.