International School of Nuclear Law List of Lecturers
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 69
STUDIES The 2002 Amendment to the German Atomic Energy Act Concerning the Phase-out of Nuclear Power by Dr. Axel Vorwerk* I. Introduction One of the German Government’s main legislative projects in the 14th legislative period of the German Bundestag was the legal regulation of the phase-out of the use of nuclear power. The Act on the structured phase-out of nuclear power for the commercial production of electricity entered into force on 27 April 2002.1 Section 1 of this Act contains amendments to the Act on the Peaceful Utilisation of Atomic Energy and the Protection against its Hazards (Atomic Energy Act) of 23 December 1959 (the 1985 consolidated text of this Act is reproduced in the Supplement to Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 36);2 Sections 2 and 3 contain amendments to the Ordinance on Financial Security Pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 25 January 1977 (the text of this Ordinance is reproduced in the Supplement to Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 18);3 and the Cost Ordinance Pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 17 December 1981.4 According to the decision of the German Government and the legislator, the further use of nuclear energy for commercial electricity production will only be permitted for a limited period due to the high risks associated with it, despite the high standard of safety at German installations in an international comparison. Even though, pursuant to the German Atomic Energy Act, precautionary action is to be taken against possible damage resulting from the operation of nuclear installations in accordance with the state of the art in science and technology, it is not possible to fully rule out the possibility of accidents resulting in major releases of ionising radiation. -
Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 92, Volume 2013/2
Legal Affairs 2013 N uclear Law Bulletin Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 92 – Volume 2013/2 Bulletin No. 92 – Volume Nuclear Law No. 92 Volume 2013/2 NEA Legal Affairs ISSN 0304-341X Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 92 © OECD 2013 NEA No. 7154 NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 34 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the OECD Secretary-General. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. -
40 Eece Mp.Eia Ic 2017 6 E.Pdf
United Nations ECE/MP.EIA/IC/2017/6 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 31 January 2018 Original: English Economic Commission for Europe Meeting of the Parties to the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context Meeting of the Parties to the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment Implementation Committee Fortieth session Geneva, 5–7 December 2017 Report of the Implementation Committee on its fortieth session Contents Page I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 A. Attendance ............................................................................................................................... 3 B. Organizational matters ............................................................................................................. 3 II. Follow-up to decision VI/2 .............................................................................................................. 4 A. Armenia (EIA/IC/CI/1) ............................................................................................................ 5 B. Azerbaijan (EIA/IC/CI/2) ........................................................................................................ 5 C. Bystroe Canal Project (EIA/IC/S/1)........................................................................................ -
Luxembourg December 2015
Luxembourg December 2015 The EurObserv’ER project The EurObserv’ER Barometers monitor the renewable energy progress in each Member State of the European Union. Every two months a barometer dedicated to one particular renewable energy technology is published. Moreover, once a year an Overview Barometer collects the main indicators published during the year and completes these with additional renewable sectors which have not been detailed in the individual Barometers. Finally, the Overview Barometer also reports on socio- economic aspects: employment and turnover in the field of renewables, and the renewable energy investment climate. The country policy reports monitor policy developments by providing an overview of policy changes compared to the Member State Progress Reports (updated until December 2015). All Barometers are available for download at http://www.eurobserv-er.org. An overview of direct links to Barometers is available in the Annex. New Barometer releases are announced on Twitter (https://twitter.com/eurobserv_er). The EurObserv’ER barometer is a project supported by the European Commission within the DG Energy “Intelligent Energy Europe” programme. It is also supported by Ademe, the French Environment and Energy management Agency, and Caisse des Dépôts. The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. 2 Abstract In Luxembourg, electricity from renewable sources is mainly promoted through a feed-in tariff as well as through subsidies. Private individuals operating small solar installations are entitled to tax benefits. -
Annual Report 2020 Encevo
Annual Report Encevo S.A. We embrace energy transition GRI 102-16 Our vision We envision Encevo as leading and sustainable energy player in the Greater Region. In the rapidly changing energy landscape, we will ensure a secure access and competitive supply of energy, and actively shape the transition to a sustainable energy sector by embracing technology, deploying innovative solutions and partnering with local communities. Encevo people are empowered and strive for excellence. We mobilise all our forces to bring the energy of tomorrow to our customers. Encevo S.A. Registered as a société anonyme (public limited company) under Luxembourg law with a capital of EUR 90,962,900 (31.12.2020). Registered office: Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg Trade and Companies’ Register B11723. Annual General Meeting of 11th May 2021. Index 6 Interview: Claude Seywert & Marco Hoffmann 10 Group Structure 12 Management Reflections 20 Key Figures: Activity at a Glance 27 Encevo Sustainability Context and Management Approach 32 Stakeholder Engagement 41 Business Integrity: General Compliance 49 Indirect and Direct Economic Impacts 54 Product Impact 59 Employee Well-being 70 Resource Efficiency 74 About the Report 80 Governance Details 82 Management Report 92 Consolidated Annual Accounts 134 Extract of the Annual Accounts of Encevo S.A. Claude Seywert CEO Encevo S.A. Chairman of the Executive Committee Marco Hoffmann Chairman of the Board of Directors GRI 102-14 Staying the course towards a sustainable energy transition In a year largely marked by the crisis caused by the pandemic, Encevo Group maintained its operational excellence. The group and its entities stayed the course towards a sustainable energy transition. -
Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries
N uclear Legislation in OECD and NEA Countries Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities United States Nuclear Legislation in OECD and NEA Countries © OECD 2016 United States I. General Regulatory Regime ...................................................... 3 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 3 2. Mining regime ........................................................................................ 4 3. Radioactive substances, nuclear fuel and equipment ................................... 5 a) Special nuclear material ...................................................................... 5 b) Source material .................................................................................. 6 c) By-product material ............................................................................ 6 d) Agreement State programmes ............................................................. 7 4. Nuclear installations................................................................................ 8 a) Initial licensing ................................................................................... 8 i) “Two-Step” licensing under 10 CFR Part 50 ...................................... 8 ii) Licensing under 10 CFR Part 52 ...................................................... 9 b) Operation and inspection, including nuclear safety ................................ 11 c) Operating licence renewal ................................................................. -
Sustainable Politics for the Use of Biomass CSDD Statement, 25Th
Sustainable Politics for the Use of Biomass CSDD statement, 25th February 2008 1 Sustainable Politics for the Use of Biomass On 3 August 2007 the Minister for the environment requested a statement from the High Council for Sustainable Development (Conseil supérieur pour le Développement durable, CSDD) on the topic of biomass production and utilization. It was the opinion of the government that the following considerations should be a priority: The implementation of a sustainable development poses two key challenges for Luxembourg: • To combat climate change and • To reduce dependency in the field of energy supply In this context, the increased use of cultivation biomass from agriculture and forestry holds prospects as well as risks. On the one hand, the use of biomass for the production of electricity, heat and bio-fuels creates competition with the food production and, on the other hand, the perhaps more intensive cultivation of the arable lands and forest areas poses a threat to nature and the environment. Definition of Biomass In Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market, the term ‘biomass’ is defined as “the biologically degradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries, as well as the biologically degradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste.” Thus, biomass encompasses all food and raw materials from agriculture and forestry as well as their waste. Going by this definition, the CSDD cast a critical look at the possible effects of the cultivation of biomass and its utilization in Luxembourg. -
An Ambitious Recovery Plan for a Green Recovery and Development of Renewable Energies in Luxembourg and in Europe
01.02.2021 EUFORES Webinar - Renewable Energy in Luxembourg An Ambitious Recovery Plan for a Green Recovery and Development of Renewable Energies in Luxembourg and in Europe Claude Turmes - Minister for Energy National energy and climate plan Ambitious targets for 2030 Reduce energy consumption Improve energy efficiency from 32 to 40 - 44% Reduce climate gases Reduce CO2 emissions from -40% to-55% Expansion of renewable energies Increase the share of renewable energies From 11% to 25% CO2 emissions per sectors 8% 7% 6% Transport Households Industry (excl. ETS) 12% Tertiary 67% Agriculture Climate solutions Energy efficiency first (40%-44% in 2030) • In building • Strictest efficiency norms in EU for new buildings • Renovation strategy • In industry • In transport Climate solutions Fast build-up of renewables (25% in 2030) • Solar • Wind • Sustainable biomass (origin: greater region) • International cooperation (offshore wind, solar, …) Quelle: ILR – ÉVOLUTION DES MARCHÉS DE L’ÉLÉCTRICITÉ ET DU GAZ NATUREL Quelle: ILR Climate solutions Mobility • Expansion of public transport • Expansion of infrastructure for soft mobility • Free public transport = less cars • Car sharing • E-mobility Charge at work Charge at home SuperChargy Chargy Charge at home Climate solutions Circular economy (wooden construction) Research and Innovation • Luxembourg as test-bed and hub for climate solution businesses • Buildings of the future (plus energy, healthy, circular) • Eco-Quartier made in Luxembourg • Integration of renewables and e-mobility into grid • -
Enerdata Renewable Energy Support Policies in Europe
Renewable Energy Support Policies Renewable Energy Support Policies in Europe September 2020 2 Enerdata Renewable Energy Support Policies in Europe Table of contents Table of contents 2 List of figures 7 List of tables 8 Definitions 12 Acronyms 15 Overview 16 Main changes since the last version 19 Austria 19 Croatia 19 Czechia 19 Estonia 19 Greece 19 Hungary 19 Italy 19 Ireland 19 Lithuania 20 Luxembourg 20 Netherlands 20 Poland 20 Portugal 20 Romania 20 Slovakia 20 Spain 20 Ukraine 21 United Kingdom 21 Austria 22 Policies overview 22 Feed-in Tariffs 22 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 24 Investment grants 24 Biofuels 24 Belgium 25 Policies overview 25 Renewable Obligations 25 Premium 28 Investment grants 29 Net metering 29 Bulgaria 30 Policies overview 30 Feed-in Tariffs 30 Biofuels 31 Croatia 32 Enerdata 2 Policies overview 32 Feed-in Tariffs 32 Biofuels 33 Cyprus 34 Policies overview 34 Net metering 34 Investment grants 34 Feed-in Tariffs 34 Biofuels 35 Czechia 36 Policies overview 36 Feed-in Tariffs/Premiums 36 Investment grants 36 Biofuels 37 Denmark 38 Policies overview 38 Premiums 38 Net metering 40 Biofuels 40 Estonia 41 Policies overview 41 Premiums 41 Investment grants 42 Finland 43 Policies overview 43 Premiums 43 France 45 Policies overview 45 Feed-in Tariffs 45 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 48 Biofuels 48 Germany 49 Policies overview 49 Feed-in Tariffs 49 Biofuels 52 Greece 53 Policies overview 53 Feed-in Tariffs 53 Net Metering 56 Hungary 57 Renewable Energy Support Policies in Europe - Copyright© Enerdata – All rights reserved -
Introduction to Nuclear Law
Introduction to Nuclear Law Lisa Thiele Senior General Counsel, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission July 11, 2018 26 June – 3 August, 2018 SUMMER INSTITUTE Busan and Gyeongju, 2018 South Korea What We Will Cover • What is nuclear law and why do we need it? • Essential components and principles • International nuclear legal framework – overview of subject areas and instruments • International law requirements for national nuclear law • The example of Canada’s regulatory framework • Concluding thoughts and references for further discussion nuclearsafety.gc.ca 2 What is nuclear law? Why do we need it? nuclearsafety.gc.ca 3 What Is Nuclear Law? … the set of special legal rules created to regulate the conduct of those who engage in activities related to fissionable materials, and other activities involving ionizing radiation • Public law – law that governs ‒ Relations between the State and its population in matters of public order ‒ Relations between States; relations between States and international bodies • Both international and national in its scope ‒ Reflects the international law instruments to which State has committed ‒ Reflects the national view on nuclear nuclearsafety.gc.ca 4 What’s So Special About Nuclear? • Nuclear energy brings significant benefits (clean electricity, medical diagnosis and treatment, industrial and agricultural uses) and poses special risks (environment, health and safety, proliferation) ‒ Nuclear law is regulatory – if risks outweighed benefits, the law would prohibit the activity ‒ The focus is on balancing -
Corporate Report
Corporate Report 2020 2 3 Today, as power from Calder Hall begins Contents to flow into the national grid, all of us here know that we are at the making of history. For many years now, we have been aware that atomic scientists, by a series of brilliant discoveries, have brought us to a threshold of a new age. Today, we are seeing a solution as this new power is harnessed for the first time Introduction for the common good of our community. 4 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II opening Calder Hall on 17 October 1956. Calder Hall was Nuclear landscape the world’s first nuclear power station to generate electricity on an industrial scale. 6 12 Our role in nuclear 20 Areas of work 15 Nuclear Insurance Pools 25 Leadership 17 Our history 29 Company highlights 31 Events 32 Contact us 4 5 Introduction As we look back on 2019, the nuclear energy market is clearly in a very different place than when Nuclear Risk Insurers (NRI) was established in 1956. I hope that you enjoy reading NRI’s first annual Corporate Report. With change come new risks and opportunities in the sector. Against the challenging market conditions of the last decade, low-carbon nuclear energy is an important element of the energy mix required to meet the emissions reduction commitments of the Paris Agreement and the growing need to satisfy carbon net zero commitments into the 2020s and beyond. In anticipation of this year’s United Nations Climate Change Conference Low-carbon nuclear in Glasgow, COP26, our trust in the potential for nuclear power, as a reliable component of a low-carbon energy mix, remains. -
Bewaree Country Reports Europe Part 2
BewareE Country Reports Europe 20080923 part 2 Page 1 of 185 BewareE Energy Services: Reducing the Energy Consumption of Residents by Behavioural Changes Document: BewareE Country Reports Europe 20080923 part 2.doc Dr. Michael Scharp (ed. 2008): Energy Services – European Country Reports. Berlin: IZT Funded by EACI Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation EIE/07/242/SI2.467624 - BewareE Runtime: December 2007 to June 2010 Disclaimer: The sole responsibility for the content of this report lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Contact Institute for Futures Studies and Technology Assessment gGmbH Dr. Michael Scharp Schopenhauerstraße 26 14129 Berlin [email protected] Tel. 030-80 30 88 14 Berlin, May 2008 BewareE BewareE Country Reports Europe 20080923 part 228.doc Page 2 of 185 1 Content 1 Content .................................................................................................................................. 2 2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3 3 Energy Services in Italy (4) ................................................................................................. 5 4 Energy Services in Latvia (3) ............................................................................................ 17 5 Energy Services in Lithuania (3) .....................................................................................