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Page 1 H I K a I a T S T J H U N a N G U N U N G J a T I A HI KAI AT STJHUNAN G U N U N G JATI A HAGIOGRAPHY OP A MUSLIM SAINT IN’ JAVA Modest Sarwono Pusposaputro Thesis submitted for the degree of M. Phil, in Arts to the University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies 1976 ProQuest Number: 10672853 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672853 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 ABSTRACT The Hikayat Suhunan Gunung Jati is a Malay text known so far from only one manuscript, Raffles Malay No. 30, dated 29 August 1815 and preserved in the Library of the Royal Asiatic Society in London; it is catalogued under and has hitherto been known by the title Daftar Se.iarah Cher ebon, but the manuscript does not describe itself by any title. Apart from genealogies (leading back to the Prophet Muhammad), the work concerns itself mainly with the life of an early Muslim saint and missionary in West Java, Suhunan Gunung Jati (dieci ca. 1570 AI>). This thesis consists of an edition of the Malay text, with introduction, translation and notes. It makes more accessible material on the early Islamization of Java as seen by an indigenous chronicler. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Russell Jones for his guidance and pleasant co-operation during my study in London, I also wish to acknowledge Prof. G. W. J. Drewes (Leiden) for his unfailing help and lucid suggestions. I am indebted to Dr, A Haleem of the School of Oriental and African Studies, who provided the translation of the Arabic on page 1 of the text. The School of Oriental and African Studies, its library staff, and especially that of the Department of Southeast Asia and the Islands, deserve my gratitude for all facilities granted to me. I am deeply grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation which provided the funds to enable me to carry out this research. I am indebted to the Royal Asiatic Society for permission to edit MS Raffles Malay No. 30 and for putting the facilities of the library at my disposal. And finally my thanks go to all, who in one way or another, have helped me in the completion of this modest work. M.S.P. 4 CONTENTS page Title 1 Abstract 2 Acknowledgments 3 Contents 4 Introduction 5 Description of the manuscript 7 History of the manuscript 8 The Structure 9 Synopsis “ 10 Language 13 Specimen page from MS Raffles Malay No. 30 19 Spelling and symbols used in the text 20 Text, Translation and Notes 21 Unidentified words 165 Appendices: I. Qisas al-Anbiya 166 II. Ki Babadan 172 III. A: Suhunan Geseng (Oral Tradition) 173 Suhunan Geseng ("Written Tradition) 179 Conclusion 184 Some words of Arabic origin occurring in MS Raffles Malay No, 30 188 Glossary of Javanese words 189 Diagram showing Suhunan Gunung Jati's Genealogy 190 Map of Java ' 1 92 Abbreviations 193 Bibliography 195 5 INTRODUCTION Hikayat is a narrative form in the traditional Malay literature, which is in prose, in contrast with the sha’ir which is a narrative poem. A great part of the repertoire of this branch of Malay literature is much influenced by Islam. And again within the part of Malay literature influenced by Islam, the hagiography ~ tales of saints - occupies an important place, such as Hikayat Sultan Ibrahim Ibn Adham, Hikayat Muhammad 2 3 4 Hanafiah, Hikayat Tamim ad-Dari, Hikayat Sama'un. The Hikayat Sama'un is exceptional. Whereas, as Winstedt observes 5 "Usually Muslim legends in Javanese are adapted from the Malay" , the Malay Hikayat Sama1un would seem to be translated from the Javanese.6 ■i Cf. R, Jones, A Study from Malay Manuscripts of the Legend of the Islamic Sufi Saint Ibrahim Ibn Adham, Ph.D. the s i s; ^London, 1969]. 2 / CP. L.F.Brakel, The Hikayat Muhammad Hanafi.yyah; (The Hague, 1975), Ph. D. thesis, Leiden, 1975. ^ Cf.MS Raffles Malay No. 50, Royal Asiatic Society, London,* R.0.Winstedt, A History of Classical Malay Literature* (Kuala Lumpur, 1969)^ pp. 107-111. ^Ph. van Ronkel, "Het verhaal van de held Sama’oen en van Mariah de Koptische" TBG 43 (1901) pp. 445-482. R R.0.Winstedt, o.c., p.111, 6 Ph. van Ronkel, o.c., pp. 450-1 6 The manuscript under investigation here, MS Raffles Malay 7 Ho. 30 at the Royal Asiatic Society, London, is a hikayat dealing with a Muslim saint in Java, Shaikh Huruddin also known as Suhunan Gunung Jati, which also appears to be a 8 translation from the Javanese. There is another similar hikayat called Hikayat Hasan- uddin, dealing mainly with Hasanuddin the son of our Suhunan Gunung Jati, which has been shown to be a translation from q the Javanese Se.jarah Banten Rante-rante, In a reference to our manuscript Raffles Malay Ho. 30, J. Edel did express his hope of publishing also "this inter- 10 esting manuscript ... in due course" ; but up to now it has remained unedited, When Hr M.C. Ricklefs drew the present writer's attention to the manuscript in the Autumn of 1974? it became evident on investigation that it was a text which was'of great interest to the study of early Islam in West Java, as seen by an indig­ enous chronicler, and which indeed ought to be made available. The present edition of this unique manuscript, translation and notes, are the result. 7 P. Voorhoeve "List of Malay Manuscripts in the Library of the Royal Asiatic Society, London1’JRAS parts 1 & 2 (April 1963) p.61. ^ See MS Raffles Malay Ho. 30 p. 73 ( = p.M 73). ^ Cf. J. Edel (ed. and trans.), Sika.jat Hasanoeddln (Meppel, 1938)? Ph.D thesis, Utrecht , p,11. Dr C. Hooykaas, Literatuur in Maleis en Indonesisch (Groningen, 1952) ,pp.123-4 ; but note that the name "Daftar Sejarah Cerbon" is now officially ascribed to our manuscript Raffles Malay Ho. 30, cf. P. Voorhoeve, loc. cit. 10 Edel, 17. 7 Description of the manuscript The manuscript under investigation is officially called Raffles Malay No. 30, and bears the title of Daftar Se.jarah W/ 11 Ch^rebon. further investigation showed that it is dated t.AH 1230 / AD 1814-15j or to be exact: 29th August 1815.^ It has 74 written pages and one blank page, i.e. between 13 p.63 and p.64. Each page has 15 lines, each written line being 12,7 cm long. The distance between top and bottom line on a page is 23,7 cm. The paper is of a good quality, of European manufacture, stiff, white, with some discolouration. There are no water­ marks; chain-lines are 2,5 cm apart. The ink is black, with frequent use of rubrication for words such as Maka., S.yahdan and Nabi Muhammad. The script is Jawi, The writing is large, neat, thick, well spaced out; the hand however leaves much room for ambiguity in reading. The lay-out is very regular, with edgelines in gold ink. Pages 1, 2, 64, 65 and 74 are highly decorated. It has a strong leather ’Arabic type' fold-over cover. 11 P. Voorhoeve, loc. cit. 12 see p, E 73 13 except pp. 1,2, each of which has 6 lines; and pp. 64, 65, each of which has 5 lines. 8 History of the manuscript When on 16th January 1830 this manuscript was presented to 14 the Royal Asiatic Society London by Lady Raffles together with 78 other Malay MSS, it received the title of Sala-sela 1 5 Chinelian . When in 1866 Dr H.N. van der Tuuk described the manuscript, he explained that the misleading title on the frontispiece "Salasilah Nabi Muhammad" was derived from the "first words" of the text which gave Huruddin also known as 16 Suhunan Gunung Jati his descent from the Prophet. On p.2 of the text the words "Syajarat salasilah Nabi Muhammad" can be found. Yan der Tuuk offered instead the title of Daftar 17 Sya.jarah Cirebon. He wrote this title in Rumi S a jar ah Sa 1 ah sila Nabi Muhamed. He in fact made a copy of the whole manuscript; which copy is now conserved in the Library of the University of Leiden, with the catalogue no. LOr (Leiden Codex Orientalis) 3300a. In 1963 Dr. P. Voorhoeve described this manuscript in his "List of Malay Manuscripts in the Library of the Royal Asiatic 18 V V V Society London" as Daf tar Se.jarah Cher ebon, taking over van der Tuuk’s title with a small modification of the spelling of 1 9 Cheribon. 14 See the manuscript Register of Donations presented to Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, April 19, 1823 - March 1831, p. 157. 15 loc. Clt... 16 "Kort verslag der Maleische Handschriften toebehorende aan de Royal Asiatic Society te London" BKI 13 (l866)p. 432. 17 18 loc. cit. see note 7 above 19 On the orthography and etymology of Cheribon cf. M. Sarwono Pusposaputro "A Note on the Etymology of Cirebon" Indonesia Circle No.
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