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CERRADO E PANTANAL Areas´ E Ações Prioritárias Para Conservação Da Biodiversidade

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CERRADO E PANTANAL Areas´ E Ações Prioritárias Para Conservação Da Biodiversidade Ministério do Meio Ambiente CERRADO E PANTANAL Areas´ e Ações Prioritárias para Conservação da Biodiversidade Biodiversidade 17 CERRADO E PANTANAL ÁREAS E AÇÕES PRIORITÁRIAS PARA CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE República Federativa do Brasil Presidente LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Vice-Presidente JOSÉ ALENCAR GOMES DA SILVA Ministério do Meio Ambiente Ministra MARINA SILVA Secretário-Executivo JOÃO PAULO RIBEIRO CAPOBIANCO Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas Secretária MARIA CECÍLIA WEY DE BRITO Departamento de Conservação da Biodiversidade Diretor BRAULIO FERREIRA DE SOUZA DIAS Gerência de Conservação da Biodiversidade Gerente DANIELA AMÉRICA SUÁREZ DE OLIVEIRA MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE SECRETARIA DE BIODIVERSIDADE E FLORESTAS CERRADO E PANTANAL ÁREAS E AÇÕES PRIORITÁRIAS PARA CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE Brasília - DF 007 Gerência do Projeto de Conservação e Utilização Sustentável da Diversidade Biológica Brasileira - PROBIO Daniela América Suárez de Oliveira Coordenador do Seminário de Trabalho sobre Cerrado e Pantanal Roberto B. Cavalcanti, Consórcio Coordenador Fundação Pró-Natureza (FUNATURA), Conservation International (CI), Fundação Biodiversitas (FB), Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Colaboração Instituto Sociedade, População e Natureza (ISPN), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Fundação O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza, Fundação André Tosello & Base de Dados Tropical. Fotos gentilmente cedidas por Conservação Internacional do Brasil. foto da capa: Haroldo Castro, (Foto: capítulo Biota Aquatica - PNDPA/IBAMA) Projeto Gráfico Mayko Daniel A. Miranda e Marcelo Rodrigues Soares. Organização de Textos Karla Yoshida Arns e Marcus Alves Catalogação na Fonte Instituto do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis B65 Biodiversidade do Cerrado e Pantanal: áreas e ações prioritárias para conservação / Ministério do Meio Ambiente. – Brasília: MMA, 007. 50 p.: il. color. (Série Biodiversidade 7) Bibliografia ISBN 978-85-8766-87-6 . Cerrado. Pantanal. Diversidade biológica. I. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. II. Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas. III. Título. IV. Série. CDU(.ed.) 50.7 Ministério do Meio Ambiente - MMA Centro de Informação e Documentação Luiz Eduardo Magalhães – CID Ambiental Esplanada dos Ministério – Bloco B – Térreo CEP: 70068-900 – Brasília-DF Fone:55 6 7 5 Fax: 55 6 7 980 e-mail:[email protected] SUMÁRIO Apresentação..................................................................................................................................................7 Introdução.....................................................................................................................................................13 Parte I – Fatores Bióticos...........................................................................................................................17 Vegetação.e.Flora.........................................................................................................................................19 Invertebrados..............................................................................................................................................141 Biota.Aquática.............................................................................................................................................193 Anfíbios.e.Reptéis.......................................................................................................................................257 Avifauna.......................................................................................................................................................277 Mastofauna..................................................................................................................................................300 Parte II.– Fatores de Pressão e Vulnerabilidade.....................................................................................322 Fatores.Abióticos:.Solos..............................................................................................................................325 Conhecimento Científico.............................................................................................................................327 Aspectos.Sócio-Econômicos.e.Políticas.Públicas.......................................................................................333 Unidades.de.Conservação.dos.Biomas.Cerrado.e.Pantanal......................................................................379 Parte III – Síntese e Recomendações......................................................................................................387 Áreas.Prioritárias.para.Conservação.da.Biodiversidade.no.Cerrado.e.Pantanal........................................393 5 6 APRESENTAÇÃO A Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas Ao se completarem dez anos do início dessa do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, por meio do relevante iniciativa, este livro objetiva resgatar o Projeto de Conservação e Utilização Sustentável resultado de seu marco inicial, a oficina referente da Diversidade Biológica Brasileira - PROBIO, ao Cerrado e Pantanal, que foi realizada entre 23 apoiou entre 996 e 00 cinco subprojetos e 7 de março de 998, em Brasília, coordenada para avaliar as áreas e ações prioritárias para pela Fundação Pró-Natureza (FUNATURA) em conservação da biodiversidade dos seguintes parceria com a Universidade de Brasília (UnB), biomas e regiões: Cerrado e Pantanal; Mata a Conservação Internacional do Brasil (CI), Atlântica e Campos Sulinos; Zona Costeira e a Fundação de Pesquisa e Tecnologia André Zona Marinha; Caatinga; e Floresta Amazônica. Tosello, a Fundação Biodiversitas e o Instituto Cada subprojeto foi estruturado ao redor de Sociedade, População e Natureza (ISPN). uma oficina de trabalho (ou workshop), que teve Essa oficina de trabalho contou com a participação como objetivo avaliar a riqueza biológica do de mais de 00 especialistas em diversos temas bioma e os condicionantes socioeconômicos e teve como objetivos: da região para, em seguida, apresentar uma • Definição das áreas prioritárias para estratégia global de conservação da sua conservação da biodiversidade do Cerrado e biodiversidade, indicando áreas prioritárias para do Pantanal; conservação e recomendações para cada uma • Indicação das ações prioritárias para delas. Um passo fundamental nesse processo conservação desses biomas, compreendendo a foi a identificação de prioridades regionais. realização de inventários e pesquisas, atividades Dois critérios amplos foram utilizados para de manejo, recuperação de áreas degradadas e orientar o estabelecimento dessas prioridades: criação de Unidades de Conservação (UCs); a importância biológica da área e a urgência das • Indicação de alternativas para uso dos recursos ações para sua conservação. naturais do Cerrado e Pantanal, compatíveis O desenvolvimento desses subprojetos foi um com a conservação da biodiversidade; marco para a conservação da biodiversidade, • Promoção de um movimento de conscientização gerando desdobramentos extraordinários, tais e participação efetiva da sociedade na conservação como o reconhecimento oficial das 900 áreas da biodiversidade do Cerrado e Pantanal. prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade, Durante a fase preparatória, conduzida entre por meio de Decreto nº. 5.09, de 21 de maio de 996 e 997, os consultores levantaram e 00, regulamentado pela Portaria MMA nº. 126, produziram dados científicos, indicadores sócio- de 7 de maio de 00. Os resultados desses econômicos e mapas cartográficos atualizados. subprojetos foram amplamente divulgadas Em dezembro de 996, uma reunião preparatória por meio de publicações e acabaram por se para a oficina possibilitou uma primeira análise transformar em um instrumento utilizado das informações organizadas nos seguintes pelo MMA e outros órgãos governamentais temas: aspectos físicos, botânica, invertebrados, para priorização de áreas de trabalho e de répteis e anfíbios, aves, mamíferos, biota ações, influenciando e subsidiando políticas e aquática, cobertura vegetal, socioeconomia e atitudes do governo federal e dos estados e unidades de conservação. Os mapas e relatórios subsidiando outros projetos importantes, tais foram disponibilizados na Rede Mundial de como o Projeto ARPA e o Projeto Corredores Computadores (internet) para avaliações prévias Ecológicos do Programa Piloto para a Proteção dos participantes da etapa seguinte. da Florestas Tropicais do Brasil (PPG-7), que Durante a oficina, primeiramente, os participantes foi redesenhado de modo a incluir as áreas foram divididos em grupos temáticos para prioritárias definidas nos workshops da Amazônia identificar áreas prioritárias dentro da ótica de e da Mata Atlântica. cada tema e do grau de conhecimento científico 7 sobre a diversidade biológica. As principais estratégias adotadas pelos Grupos • proposição de metodologia para Temáticos foram: planejamento socioeconômico utilizando • apresentações orais breves das parâmetros de biodiversidade, com vistas à análises preparadas pelos participantes dos proteção dos recursos bióticos; grupos; revisão e/ou elaboração dos mapas de • elaboração de mapas síntese de áreas conhecimento; prioritárias, quanto aos parâmetros: riqueza de • revisão da listas de espécies e da espécies, diversidade filética, endemismos de distribuição de espécies endêmicas e espécies espécies e taxa superiores, riqueza de espécies raras e/ou ameaçadas do Cerrado e do raras e/ou ameaçadas, hotspots e fenômenos Pantanal; biológicos excepcionais. •
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