132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area Profile: Supporting Documents

National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Ecosystem service provision

Statement of Environmental Opportunity Food Timber provision Water availability Genetic diversity Biomass energy Climate regulation Regulating water quality Regulating water flow Regulating soil quality Regulating soil erosion Pollination Pest regulation coastal erosion Regulating Sense of place/inspiration Sense of history Tranquility Recreation Biodiversity Geodiversity

SEO 1: Protect, manage and enhance the landscape of large areas of calcareous chalk grassland, and develop network connectivity, supporting internationally important and designated * ** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** N/A *** *** *** *** *** semi-natural habitats and species assemblages – from birds to bumblebees – and thus support *** biodiversity.

SEO 2: Protect, manage and enhance the (Hampshire) River Avon system, working in partnership notably with the regional farming community to improve the habitat for flora and fauna and ** *** * *** *** ** *** ** *** ** *** *** N/A ** *** *** *** *** *** improving biodiversity, developing the scope for climate regulation and for regulation of water flow and water quality.

Note: Arrows shown in the table above indicate anticipated effect on service delivery: = Increase = Slight Increase = No change = Slight Decrease = Decrease. Asterisks denote confidence in projection (*low **medium***high) ° symbol denotes where insufficient information* on the** likely** effect** ** is available. ** ** ** * ** ** * *** ** ** ** Dark plum = national importance; mid plum = regional importance; light plum = local importance

33 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Ecosystem service provision

SEO 3: Protect, conserve and sustainably manage the NCA’s rich historic and archaeological resource, notably the Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site and its surrounding landscape, *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** N/A *** *** *** *** *** and its natural and cultural heritage, for its value in sense of place and history and tranquillity, for *** open air recreation, and for the benefits it brings to the local and regional economy.

SEO 4: Protect and enhance the NCA’s agriculture interest, working with the local farming community to prepare for the impact of and adapt to both evolving funding mechanisms and climate change, to secure future food provision, while working in harmony with the nationally *** ** *** *** ** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** N/A ** *** *** *** *** *** recognised and distinctive character of the landscape, its natural beauty and scenic quality and, so far as possible, extending the scope for access to nature and other recreation, for public benefit, understanding and enjoyment.

34 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Landscape attributes

Landscape attribute Justification for selection

Extensive open chalk plateau  The emptiness of the chalk plain is a strong characteristic of the NCA. with large arable fields and some  The Plain has a clear sense of identity and distinctiveness contributing much to the sense of place. remaining or reinstated areas of chalk grassland.  Big skies accompany the wide open spaces with uninterrupted panoramas over a broad horizon and distant views from elevated areas.  Few hedgerows and generally inconspicuous boundary features accentuate the chalk landform.  Rectilinear field patterns, many reflecting 19th enclosure, and current land use result in a rich tapestry of colours.  Locally bright colours are found as a result of the profusion of flowering plants associated with chalk grassland.

Sheltered river valleys with narrow  Contrast between valleys and chalk plateau heightens the sense of isolation and remoteness found on the plateau. flood plains and some settlement.  Intimate, secluded, fertile, wooded valley sides with wet woodland along watercourses, floated water meadows, more marked boundary features and a greater sense of enclosure.  Settlements and transport routes are associated with the more settled river valleys.

Extensive prehistoric ritual  Stonehenge is often seen as synonymous with Salisbury Plain, providing a foundation for the internationally important sense of landscape. history created by the wider prehistoric landscape.  Multiple, and often associated, earthworks occupy skyline and focal point locations within the landscape; a constant reminder of the long history of human occupation.  For many, the cultural connections with past ritual landscapes have a lasting resonance and act as a foil to modern society. This is embodied in the character of the area.  The World Heritage Site plays a major role in NCA economy.

Sparsely settled away from the  The pattern and extent of settlement across the plateau and plain is largely unaffected by the 21st century and contributes much to a scarp foot and valley villages. sense of isolation.  Where settlement occurs it often has clear historical connections, for example the military settlements and few farmsteads.  Settlement often relates to the availability of resources; water, more fertile farmland and transport routes.

35 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Landscape attribute Justification for selection

Abundant use of local stone, for  The local vernacular architecture reinforces the sense of place creating unity between the underlying geology and human example Chilmark limestone, occupation. adding to a distinctive local  In contrast more recent military development and utilitarian structures reflect the remote, unpopulated landscape. vernacular architecture.

Long history of human occupation  Visible signs of habitation and cultivation since the Neolithic era cover the landscape, from barrows to strip lynchets, villages to and agriculture. stately homes, and military housing.  The area remains fundamentally agricultural in character.

Military presence.  The close association with the military and defence uses of the Plain are a distinguishing feature of NCA for many.  Military use has a major impact on landscape even outside the restricted area.  Military and defence uses within the landscape are both prominent and historical.

Evocative species associated with  Stone curlew and lapwing are characteristic and charismatic species of chalk plain landscape. chalk and chalk river habitats.  Floristically diverse chalk grasslands bring seasonal colour and scientific interest to parts of the landscape.  The quality and flow of chalk rivers support important and diverse species, providing interest for a range of communities including the scientific and game fishing communities.

Semi-natural habitats and natural  Over a third of the NCA is covered by landscape designations, within one of two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, reflecting beauty. the outstanding scenic and natural beauty.  Over 2,000 ha have been designated as SPA, SAC and SSSI for the diversity of wild species present; the range of bird and plant species and the chalk grassland of international significance.  River Avon and its system is designated as an SAC as one of Britain’s most diverse rivers, supporting internationally important chalk rivers and wetland habitats and species.  The range and presence of rare, scarce and common plants and animals adds interest and distinctiveness to the area.

36 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Landscape opportunities

■ Preserve connections to the cultural heritage of all ages, from the Neolithic to the First World War, and build on the foundation of the World Heritage Site.

■ Foster partnership working to explore and exploit any scope for developing areas of species-rich chalk grassland.

■ Enhance and develop traditional flood management systems.

■ Collaborate with Environment Agency and others on a variety of projects on the River Avon system to enhance water quality and the other ecosystems services that the river provides.

■ Work to maintain levels of tranquillity to enhance the valued sense of remoteness in the NCA.

■ Maintain the woodlands on the valley sides and support traditional management practices such as coppicing in the interests of the landscape while encouraging economic development.

Nature reserve at Langford Lakes in the Wylye Valley.

37 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Ecosystem service analysis

The following section shows the analysis used to determine key ecosystem service opportunities within the area. These opportunities have been combined with the analysis of landscape opportunities to create Statements of Environmental Opportunity.

Please note that the following analysis is based upon available data and current understanding of ecosystem services. It does not represent a comprehensive local assessment. Quality and quantity of data for each service is variable locally and many of the services listed are not yet fully researched or understood. Therefore the analysis and opportunities may change upon publication of further evidence and better understanding of the inter-relationship between services at a local level.

Assets/ Principal attributes: services offered main by opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Food Arable, Substantial cereal farming across National Production of cereals may see continuing Consider any appropriate Food provision provision predominantly the chalk plateau, often in units steady increases particularly as wheat and change in management practice cereal farming larger than the national average. barley usage increases are sought. (for example crop/pasture Regulating soil rotation) in the interests of quality Grazing A third of the area is used for Climate change may in due course impact assisting soil quality and general livestock arable farming. This is mostly on the viability here of cereal production as diversification. Regulating soil wheat or barley, with some oil the resilience of various species will vary. erosion Pig farming seed crops, mainly rape, and Work with farmers and land maize for livestock feed, and Dairy farming has declined in recent years managers to investigate crop Sense of place / cover crop for game. with more than a 40 per cent reduction variants to address climate inspiration in the number of dairy farms in the area. change, taking into account While cereal production appears However, the number of grazing livestock landscape character so far as is Sense of history to dominate the landscape, farms has increased. The number of mixed possible when evaluating change. nearly half the farmed area is farms has also declined notably. grassland or uncropped land. Explore opportunities for food In 2009 over 30,000 cattle and Wiltshire Ham is a recognised marquee, provision that may have flexible nearly 40,000 sheep grazed making a major contribution to the national in response to climate change within the area. deficit in pig meat production after the and is consistent with the need difficulties at the start of the 21st century to protect the rich archaeological Outdoor pig rearing has been with foot and mouth disease; there is likely resource of the area, but there long established in the area. to be some scope for future development would need to be careful (though the name can apply to meat from monitoring of depletion in water elsewhere). resource.

38 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal attributes: services offered main by opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Timber Plantation Woodland cover is 10.5 per Local There is limited potential to expand timber Explore opportunities for Timber provision provision woodland cent of the NCA. Provision provision from existing woodlands, due hazel coppicing to economic of timber is currently low, to difficulty in accessing areas on which benefit, and ensure that no Regulating soil much of the woodland being timber currently grows. potential sites are overlooked, erosion broadleaf and approximately so far as possible with needs Sense of place / one third being ancient. There is a risk to landscape character of the landscape and not just inspiration and integrity, heritage assets and valued considered in the context of Plantation on ancient habitats if new woodland were to be biomass provision with short Biodiversity woodland sites (PAWS) may developed on high downs, as well as rotation coppicing (SRC). offer the opportunity for a potential conflict with food production. single crop of timber followed Some opportunity to source by restocking, or natural Woodland is able to assist with the occasional crops of timber from regeneration of broadleaved management of erosion risk and has value PAWS sites. woodland. as such – but limited site -specific potential. Opportunities to explore for very Woodland on steep valley sides local timber provision resulting is hard to exploit economically. from conservation management of existing broadleaved woodlands.

39 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Main Service to service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Water Aquifer broadly Substantial resource of highly Regional New supply grid developed in the early Catchment Sensitive Farming Water availability availability under the Chalk productive aquifer with no 21st century to move water in a ‘spine schemes (CSF) promotion of abstraction issues that are main’ between the downstream side rainwater, winter water flow Regulating water Rivers of the Avon not already being addressed; of NCA, to the north, that is believed harvesting and clean grey water quality system used via boreholes, and satisfactory to address current concerns management, with advice and (with reservoirs elsewhere) as to levels of abstraction from the Chalk grants, are helpful, and should be Food provision serves as part of Wessex for public water supply, and as to the continued and developed. Water’s supply to the NCA impact of such abstraction on the SAC. Regulating water and beyond for example to The River Avon is viewed as one flow Bournemouth and Bath. Currently the Avon is over licensed for of England’s most biodiverse abstraction in the west of NCA and chalk rivers with many species Biodiversity over abstracted in centre – and limits (especially of plants / invertebrates) reached in the east, and generally some of international interest. Any effect Sense of place / problems in dryer summer months. on abstraction is of interest for this inspiration reason, in addition to supply issues Abstraction restrictions are being and should be carefully monitored. implemented to encourage a reduction in demand, and work is under way There is a need to identify with significant abstractors, (notably in opportunities for water resource agriculture) not least to prepare for the planning and use efficient impact of climate change. The current sustainable drainage systems in any resource may not meet unregulated developments. demand for agricultural and private use if rainfall declines and/or the population grows.

40 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Main Service to service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Genetic Area of land Much of the area has never National Richer in flowers than is usual for Merit in raising awareness of local Genetic diversity diversity long subject been intensively farmed and is arable country, and now subject breeds and varieties, especially of crop to Ministry believed to be richer in plant to many conservation schemes for wild relatives and traditional orchards Food provision of Defence species than adjacent areas. example, for the benefit of bees. where they remain. management / This is particularly the case with Biodiversity controls and land owned by the Ministry of Plants such as cornflower are Explore potential for conservation down to arable Defence. abundant here but rare in the wild projects (for example work for bee use. elsewhere, indicating that the NCA conservation) to work together for Large areas of species-rich chalk can be seen as a seed repository. mutual advantage, using SSSI condition grassland with potential seed as start for helpful surveys; could collect store of crop wild relatives. seeds as appropriate and need to research wild relatives to current crops.

Biomass Undeveloped Approximately 10.5 per cent of Local The area to which access for Be alert to any potential for SRC on Biomass energy energy valley sides / the NCA is wooded and there agriculture is economically site-specific basis, as interest in and floors may be scope to complement practical is limited by terrain, and the need for biomass will increase with Climate regulation this with some short rotation short rotation coppice may be an climate change. Current coppice, but this may be limited appropriate use of such land. widespread by the difficulties of the terrain. As above; look to scope for arable cropping Scope for miscanthus expansion miscanthus, but almost certainly only The more versatile and fertile may be limited - on chalk plateau on lower slopes of chalk plateau, and soils may present scope to add this would be by landscape impact, where water supply allows. to the range of biomass energy and over eastern part of NCA by crops, with limited impact on risks posed by root systems to landscape. archaeological resource.

41 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Climate regulation Soils Chalk and mineral soils Local Chalk soils are low in carbon Work with land managers to Climate regulation with little CO2 storage and are not a major contributor develop potential to increase Semi-natural grassland (up to 10 per cent in the to carbon storage, with little organic matter levels, and thus Regulating water / permanent pasture north of the area, but 0 capacity for any increase, storage of carbon. Reduction flow to 5 per cent in south of particularly where under in inputs onto arable land may Ancient woodland continuous arable cultivation. area where there is a lesser also play a role in improving Regulating soil However, with more than Large areas of parkland extent of semi-natural 16,500 ha of lowland calcareous soil quality for this and quality (over 1,000 ha generally grassland) although areas grassland, much of which is other purposes. Work with good for carbon with undisturbed pasture undisturbed, there is some such groups to adopt best Regulating water storage) will have increased levels local contribution to climate practice soil management quality of organic matter and thus regulation. Expansion of the total as supported by initiatives store more carbon. area of grassland would further such as the Defra Catchment Biodiversity contribute to carbon storage. Sensitive Farming schemes. Almost 13,000 ha of Sense of place / woodland, of which more Increasing the area of woodland Look to increase woodland inspiration than 4,000 ha is ancient and particularly restoring ancient cover where appropriate, woodland sites and increasing the or plantation on ancient and promote management of area of riparian woodland cover Sense of history woodland sites. would create habitat with higher existing tree stock, consistent carbon sequestration and storage with the need to protect Wet woodland associated capacity. landscape character, historic with rivers and valley floors water meadows and the is not as widespread and Some of the loamy and clayey underlying archaeology; work could be a greater carbon flood plain soils may have peaty in partnership with those store per unit area. pockets and certainly higher levels involved in woodland and of groundwater; these will be river management notably the Parkland, generally located associated with flood plain grazing Forestry Commission and the marshes – with perhaps 2,000 in valleys across the Environment Agency. southern dip slope. It is ha in the area in total - which are valuable both to regulate water often on richer soils and is flow and to store carbon, so are a generally good for carbon conservation priority. storage. Continued on next page...

42 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Climate regulation ... continued from previous page cont. Parkland, often located in valley Work with land owners to floors and across the lower- maintain and enhance areas lying flood plains to the south of undisturbed semi-natural of the area, support areas of grassland, particularly calcareous permanent pasture, woodland grassland sites and within and ancient and veteran trees, often on soils with higher carbon historic parklands, not least to content contributing to carbon protect and increase carbon sequestration and storage. storage.

43 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Principal services Assets/attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Regulating Permeable (chalk) River Avon has elevated levels Regional Poor groundwater quality in east of NCA, Work with farmers and land owners Regulating water water geology and soils, of nitrates and phosphates, with River Bourne of poor ecological to make use of best agriculture quality quality fostering efficient the latter in particular quality, although surface water is in practice to minimise diffuse aquifer recharge causing concerns for drinking general of good quality. pollution using Catchment Sensitive Regulating water water, as also do high levels Farming principles to promote good flow Current and historical agricultural Rivers in the Avon of pesticides. The entire management of nutrient and manure, practices have resulted in high levels of system NCA is classed as a nitrate phosphates and nitrates, often from point yard infrastructure and cultivation Biodiversity vulnerable zone. discharges. Unrelated to agriculture, there timing / techniques, and general soil Semi-natural are pollutants resulting from road runoff. management. habitats - The bulk of the NCA is in including arable or livestock farming Defra Priority Catchment Sensitive Buffering the watercourses to woodland on and this is unlikely to change; Farming initiative (CSF) schemes covering slow pollution runoff will improve valley sides, wet this means there is risk of the Avon system and similar schemes water quality and may also have a woodlands and continuing pollution. are reducing the levels of inputs, and significant impact on soil quality, and grasslands failing farm infrastructure. They are sedimentation. High particulate loads slowly reducing the level of pollutants in contribute to siltation of watercourses and most rivers and streams Work with Environment Agency on are of moderate ecological quality. rivers threatening important nutrient management plans (and habitats and the associated Improvements in sewage treatment have similar) to aid water quality and also flora and fauna, especially also led to significant improvements assist agriculture in reducing inputs. egg and larval survival in in phosphate levels but there remain salmon, trout and lamprey, generally high levels in the rivers. and many aquatic plants. Sources of sediment include inputs Woodlands act as buffers from agriculture (runoff and poaching) or nutrient soaks, especially while ‘fingerprinting’ shows also real if located on lower slopes contribution from grass verges, which may or valley floors in locations assist in pointing the way to address this. where cross-land flows are intercepted before reaching main watercourses.

44 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Regulating Partially Main watercourses have wide Regional Any increase in woodlands may assist in Seek to expand semi-natural Regulating water water flow wooded flood plains and flow through slowing the flow into the river system. woodland on slopes where it is flow valleys open grassland, farmland Careful management and securing their appropriate to the specific site; and woodland. The flood future will be vital and innovative funding ensure (via Catchment Sensitive Regulating soil Traditional risks are largely from Wilton needs development. Farming) land management erosion water downstream, although this is practices avoid compaction of Need to identify areas where greater meadows influenced higher groundwater wetland storage can be accommodated soils, to limit scope for flash Regulating soil levels upstream, not least for example by restoring degraded riverine flooding. quality by development separating habitats to enhance populations of key rivers from their flood plains species, and their adjacent wetlands (fed Work with Environment Agency, Sense of place / with their natural storage (and by controlled inundation) to reduce the local communities and land inspiration valuable wetland habitats). isolation of rivers from their associated managers to ensure flood flood plains. management systems are Biodiversity Valleys have alluvial deposits connected to rivers as necessary; and sandstones, which are pursue any scope for extending relatively permeable, such water meadows elsewhere on Avon that flood peaks are reached system, possibly on the Wylye. slowly - in particular in broader valleys in the east of the NCA. Flooding by river is rare above Salisbury; downstream, it is more common but usually handled (for land within the NCA) by traditionally managed water meadows for example at Harnham.

45 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Regulating Fertile soils Soils have made the NCA Regional It will be necessary to work closely Continue with Catchment Regulating soil soil quality productive for arable produce for with the farming community to ensure Sensitive Farming schemes to quality many years and likely to respond crop variation is sufficient to keep soils develop and extend use of best to good management by remaining resilient and productive, in the interests land management practice Food provision or becoming more fertile. of food production. including use of break crops. Regulating water There are five main soilscape types Type (a) is typically shallow and (b) of It is vital to prevent pollution of quality in this NCA; (a) shallow lime rich moderate depth; and being calcareous the chalk aquifer, so while an soil over chalk over some 71 per have some degree of natural resilience. increase in organic matter may Water availability cent of area (b) 11 per cent is freely Together with type (c) they are valuable be appropriate, the matching of draining lime rich loamy soil, (c) 10 for aquifer recharge by infiltration, and added nutrient to actual need is per cent is freely draining slightly need to be maintained in good structural a priority; this is an issue to be acid loamy soil, and (d) the balance condition. worked on through Catchment is loamy and clayey flood plain Sensitive Farming schemes to soils, often with naturally high ensure that land managers fully groundwater, or slowly permeable embrace the approach, as it is as base-rich loamy and clayey soil. much an issue for water supply as for soil quality.

46 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Regulating Pastureland The vast majority of soils Local The (Hampshire) Avon (including its tributaries Catchment Sensitive Farming Regulating soil soil erosion covering the NCA (92 per of the Wylye, Nadder, Ebble and Bourne) schemes should be pursued here erosion cent) are at potential risk catchment is a Defra Priority Catchment. The in the interests of soil and water of erosion. The shallow rivers are designated as an SAC and suffer quality and reducing soil erosion. Regulating water lime-rich soils over chalk from sedimentation due to soil erosion and Continuous arable cultivation is quality (71 per cent) are sometimes agricultural run-off9. a common state and its adverse unstable, and can be consequences may merit local Regulating soil prone to loss through There is little evidence on the ground of exploration and discussion to quality erosion where not well major soil erosion, save in the Wylye Valley, develop alternative strategies managed. The freely where some hillside ploughing patterns seem appropriate to each site. draining slightly acid unhelpful, and where there has been an loamy soils (10 per cent) adverse impact on the river quality. Any and all good practice to be and some of the freely widely disseminated and pursued, draining lime-rich loamy There is an enhanced risk of soil erosion in the interests of securing sound soils (11 per cent) also have on moderately or steeply sloping land (for management in an area where this acid loamy soils. example in the river valleys) where cultivated is crucial to limit erosion - through or bare soil is exposed, often exacerbated Catchment Sensitive Farming where organic matter levels are low after schemes and similar. continuous arable cultivation or where soils are compacted. Pig rearing outdoors also poses problems.

There is also the potential for wind erosion on some coarse textured cultivated variants of the freely draining slightly acid loamy soil (type c), while the remaining soil types have a low erosion risk. Overall, land managers need to continue to be aware of the risk of soil erosion.

9 DEFRA catchment priorities identified under the England Catchment Sensitive Farming Delivery initiative (URL: https://www.gov.uk/catchment-sensitive-farming)

47 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Pollination Meadows and species- Almost 15 per cent of the Local The current main food Work with inter alia Bumblebee Pollination rich grassland NCA is semi-natural chalk products in NCA (arable) do Conservation on projects to develop grassland and this provides not require insect pollination bee-friendly habitat on the grassland Biodiversity a large nectar source for (save oil seed crops). The NCA areas of the NCA, to assist with national pollinating insects. However, would gain from the flexibility biodiversity concerns. Pest regulation many arable crops neither that full pollination services require nor provide the best would bring for future habitat for pollinators. There agriculture options in the light is therefore little major need of climate change. This would for pollinators for agriculture also aid biodiversity and in the NCA – beyond SSSI and (possibly) pest control. national concern at falling bee numbers – and this is being addressed nationally.

Pest Semi-natural habitat Field margins are not Local There may be opportunities in Explore and develop land Pest regulation regulation as home for a range of extensive on the Plain but are the eastern part of the NCA to management opportunities (which predators found elsewhere in the area. develop small areas of habitat, may be few in an NCA with few Pollination Other than aphids in arable for example beetle banks hedges) to work on network of Land managed for crops, there is no substantial and field margins, to support habitats for predator species, game shooting, at least pest problem. populations of pest-regulating including bees. in part species. This combined with Gamekeeper presence will work in the bee interest will Work with gamekeepers and explore manage many predators to assist pest regulation and any potential to influence their work the benefit of arable birds. pollination. in the interests of conservation.

Pests controlled for game reasons and conservation unlikely to be a priority; may not be carried out to benefit conservation.

48 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

A sense Expansive sparsely Open space and big skies are National It is important to foster Work to ensure the strong sense of place Sense of place / of place/ populated plateau the immediately dominant activities which respect is reflected in and used to inform any inspiration inspiration features of the NCA, and have the strong sense of place developments within the NCA, including Prominent scarp to been for some time. The low and allow it to continue; initiatives to improve rights of way and Sense of history north and west ground cover, with few trees or redevelopments of the visitor facilities. hedgerows, serves to accentuate Stonehenge visitor facilities Recreation Salisbury and the Assist the Ministry of Defence when distinctive and the chalk landform. in the early 21st century seeking to allow recreational use of their dominant cathedral are likely to assist in land where possible, to develop and Tranquillity spire The area contains and there safeguarding the inspiring explore better connections across the is widespread interest in, a element of the location. landscape. A long history of human wealth of natural and historical occupation evident resources and environments The number of visitors to a Develop local networks of supporters in extensive ritual across the Plain. There is less limited number of locations and meet their needs where possible landscape, including awareness of the agricultural within the landscape may in the interests of securing future work, Stonehenge heritage and its legacy than challenge their inspirational and to raise awareness of the history of agriculture in the area. the ritual components of the qualities, but reflect the landscape. significance of the resource.

A quarter of the area has Military use confirmed as been designated for its likely to continue for the outstanding natural beauty. foreseeable future. The wildlife, heritage and cultural significance of the area There is capacity to fulfil are recognised nationally and and develop projects that provide inspiration and spiritual engage people with the motivation for many. wider environmental and heritage assets found in the There are close and long- landscape. With the aid of standing associations with local volunteer groups and military and defence uses. partnership working, for example the work to Continued on next page...

49 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

A sense ... continued from previous page of place/ inspiration The monumental stones of reintroduce the great cont Stonehenge have been recorded bustard, there is potential by and stimulated investigation to make local projects, and contemplation by many including fundraising, more antiquarians and artists over the successful in fulfilling the generations; William Stukeley’s reinforcing the sense of record and depiction of 1722 place and inspirational being one of the best known. qualities of the area.

Salisbury, with the prominent cathedral viewed across flood meadows provided inspiration for one of Constable’s best known paintings.

50 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Sense of Stonehenge and Avebury Internationally important International It is estimated that heritage assets Contribute to World Heritage Sense of history history (and associated sites) complex of prehistoric attract over 1 million visitors to Site (WHS) management plans World Heritage Site monuments including dense the area annually, generating and seek engagement of site’s Sense of place / centred at Stonehenge; concentration of burial mounds, income and external funding. local community for example inspiration including Durrington all in an impressive setting and There is a need to monitor the from Amesbury, to have their Walls, the largest henge with some religious significance; impact of and adapt for such interests and needs reflected Recreation in Europe, and the Cursus, site well known to public. numbers and effect of climate where possible. and many skyline barrow change; continued problem of Tranquillity cemeteries Stately homes occur on the lower, busy traffic corridor (A303) to site Seek in general to maintain less exposed slopes and valleys, which may adversely impact on the character of the WHS, by Biodiversity Many Scheduled Ancient particularly along the southern its protection and on the whole reflecting and responding to Monuments (SAM) the outstanding universal value dip slope. NCA. in any development in the area Salisbury Cathedral and and managing the associated There are several hundred Tourism related to heritage has its Close in medieval long been important to the local landscape and habitats to Scheduled Ancient Monuments, surroundings economy but transport issues complement the WHS. the majority located across the remain a concern. Traffic is a open plateau and along the edge Historic parks and major contributor to climate gardens and estate of the northern scarp, often change and alternative means of landscapes within the cultivated arable access need to be explored. landscape. Many SAMs within the area are identified as being at risk, There is a need to consider all principally from arable ploughing local infrastructure in terms of and clipping. catering for visitors; for example ensuring water capacity is Listed buildings, from grand sufficient. gentry houses to local vernacular dwellings, are scattered Many SAM sites and lesser known throughout the landscape. heritage assets, particularly below ground and earthwork Continued on next page... archaeological remains, remain threatened by inappropriate and unsympathetic cultivation.

51 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Sense of ... continued from previous page history cont Collectively the wealth of heritage assets European Union funding has illustrates human presence in area over facilitated the local expansion time. Many now are established as visitor of pasture, which aids the visitor attractions and are important to the local experience and minimises the economy (Wiltshire has over 13,000 SAM disruption commonly caused to sites). archaeology by agriculture. Work on continuing such appropriate Examples include Wilton House – funding mechanisms needs to be inhabited by Herbert family, Earls of pursued. Pembroke who built the current house in the 17th century. A royal presence was well established at Clarendon near Salisbury.

Tranquillity Sparsely populated NCA Tranquil and largely undisturbed as National Valued as tranquil (identified Tranquillity is a major Tranquillity a rural area, and valued as a location as such by CPRE), and free from attractor for the Large areas of open for quiet recreation as a result. intrusion, outside the immediate tourist industry so all Sense of place / space, some inaccessible area of Salisbury and the transport developments need inspiration by car Unsettled areas of chalk plateau add corridors of A303 and A36, which to be monitored and to tranquillity. cross the NCA. This pattern of managed for adverse Sense of history highly localised tranquillity is more impact on area – for Road infrastructure and large pronounced than it was in the environmental and Biodiversity numbers of visitors to the area 1960s. economic damage. can locally challenge the sense of tranquillity.

A quarter of the area is designated for its outstanding natural beauty often reflecting the most open, undisturbed parts of the landscape.

52 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Recreation A rights of way Much National Trust land is Regional Extensive military estate prevents Explore the scope to Recreation network extending generally accessible and some access in much of the area and can develop the rights of over 1,650 km Ministry of Defence land is open on limit linear and circular walking routes; way network for new Sense of place / including ‘byways specific dates. however many paths are assets user groups, for example inspiration open to all traffic’ for many other user purposes, for increasing disabled example, accessing heritage sites and Sense of history Well established and acknowledged accessibility. Minimal open birdwatching. access to heritage assets results in access land but Tranquillity some open space the principal recreational activity in Ministry of Defence requirement Work with local exists, for example in the area, notably visiting the World for closed sites is unlikely to change communities to identify parklands Heritage Site and other prehistoric but exploration of alternative preferences for enhanced and historic sites for example Old arrangements and connectivity and improved access and Numerous visitor Sarum and Salisbury. with other open spaces could be seek to achieve this where attractions many considered. possible. with historical focus WHS attracts some 350,000 coach Climate change will mean Recreational trips along with many individual car all travel needs to be activities including journeys, resulting in ‘honey pot’ considered with care and fishing, bird pressures on a small part of the overall work to develop the most watching, horse resource. riding and cycling sustainable means of access. Use access to the WHS to develop examples of best practice.

53 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Biodiversity Chalk grassland and The area contains some 24,000 ha International Extensive Chalk area is the base Need to continue to develop Biodiversity rivers with many key priority habitats, over around 20 for much conservation work, partnership working (seen in past associated species per cent of the NCA. and this attracts substantial for example the LIFE+ project which Sense of place / funding, for example on work accomplished much valuable work inspiration Scrub habitats, This includes over 16,500 ha of for restoration of meadows in on the Plain’s habitat) to maximise notably juniper scrub the interests of bumblebees (a semi-natural lowland calcareous gain for a variety of species from Sense of history on the scarp notified feature for Salisbury grassland, the largest concentration Plain SSSI) where work on one such funding as there is, and look Ancient and wet of such habitat in the UK; this is area will benefit many others. towards any opportunities to Regulating water woodland mainly designated SSSI and SAC/SPA, Designated sites still reveal expand suitable habitats. quality and is important for invertebrates, and attract new features for Riparian vegetation such as the (butterfly species in example Montagu’s harrier and Work with riparian owners for Regulating soil acting as a water decline) marsh fritillary, and is rich marsh fritillary. example on Environment Agency quality temperature in bee species (for example shrill projects to increase tree cover regulator carder bee) and many important bird The principal threats here to lower water temperatures in Tranquillity species notably the stone curlew, are economic, as high arable important rivers. hobby and hen harrier for which the prices tend to discourage restoration of chalk grassland, area is also designated SPA. despite its advantages for the archaeological interest and the It also includes some 5,000 ha tourist industry, and may even of mixed broadleaved and yew threaten existing sites. woodland. The River Avon (Hampshire) The River Avon system is designated and the species it supports SAC, for its biodiversity in plants are vulnerable to increasing and invertebrates; it is national water temperatures as a result stronghold for the river lamprey. of climate change. Increasing the area of riparian woodland could limit these effects, improving both water quality and biodiversity.

54 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Assets/ Principal services attributes: offered by main opportunities contributors Service to service State Main beneficiary Analysis Opportunities

Geodiversity Jurassic exposures in Five SSSI designated for geodiversity or Local SSSI resources serve as There is potential to Geodiversity established quarries with geodiversity interests and eleven useful educational resources explore, but limited scope local geological sites. complimented by a number of for development of access Sense of place / Chalk exposures local sites. to geology, especially in inspiration quarries with bats and other Local historic built environment Geomorphological ecological interests. Sense of history processes; sarsens, shows use of local stone, as seen at Chilmark. swallow holes, river Biodiversity geomorphology Although a chalk landscape there are limited numbers of exposures. Chilmark and local vernacular building stones

55 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents

Photo credits Front cover: Stonehenge with the A303 close by. © English Heritage/Rachel Foster Page 4: © Natural England / Stephen Davis. Pages 5, 25, 32, 37: © Natural England/Nick Smith Page 7: © Natural England/Ann Seth Page 9: © Natural England Page 13: © Bumblebee Conservation Trust Page 27: © RSPB

Natural England is here to secure a healthy natural environment for people to enjoy, where wildlife is protected and England’s traditional landscapes are safeguarded for future generations.

Catalogue Code: NE479 ISBN 978-1-78367-036-9

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This note/report/publication is published by Natural England under the Open Government Licence - OGLv2.0 for public sector information. You are encouraged to use, and reuse, information subject to certain conditions. For details of the licence visit www.naturalengland.org.uk/copyright Natural England images are only available for non commercial purposes. If any other information such as maps or data cannot be used commercially this will be made clear within the note/report/publication. © Natural England 2015

56 APPENDIX 13

APPENDIX 12 WILTSHIRE COUNCIL, SALISBURY PLAIN WEST (LCA 3A) EXTRACTS

LANDSCAPE TYPE 3: HIGH CHALK PLAIN 3: HIGH CHALK PLAIN

12A

11B 8A

8A 11A

9A 16A 9A 4A 12B 1B 9A 10A 5A 7C 1A 2A

10B 15A

11C 2B

3B 6A 3A 7A 5D 5E 2E 6B 5C 2E 3C 7A 7B 7B 14A 13A 2F yright, LUC Licence No ALD852368 ALD852368 No Licence LUC yright, 6C 5F 7B 5B 2C 2D

14B

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS 3A Salisbury Plain West 3B Salisbury Plain East 3C Porton Down Urban Area Reproduced from Ordnance Survey information with the permission of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, CrownCop Office, Stationery of Her Majesty's The Controller of the permission with information Ordnance from Survey Reproduced TYPE 3: HIGH CHALK PLAIN

DESCRIPTION

Location and Boundaries The High Chalk Plain Landscape Type forms a large area of central Wiltshire, over a wide band of Upper Chalk Formation. The boundaries are defined by changes in topography to the north, west and south where water courses have created valleys, and a change in land cover to the east where woodland is more prevalent. The county boundary constrains the area of study to the east. There are three Character Areas within this landscape type, divided by river valleys. 3A: Salisbury Plain West is the largest and most westerly area, 3B: Salisbury Plain East is the central area and 3C: Porton Down is to the east. A large proportion of the High Chalk Plain Landscape Type is Ministry of Defence (MOD) land, with restricted public access.

Key Characteristics • Very large scale and open, exposed landscape.

• Rolling plateau land form with panoramic views over the surrounding lowlands creating a sense of elevation.

• Large regular arable fields are bounded mainly by ditches or fences with occasional hedgerows.

• Steep and incised slopes down to the surrounding river valleys.

• Extensive areas of chalk grassland and scrub occur on the northern and central parts of the area under military ownership with arable farmland around the periphery.

• Copses and woodland belts, at various stages of growth occur throughout the area with sinuous older plantations contrasting with more recent tree planting in geometrical blocks.

• Proliferation of military signage and posts along the numerous tracks that cross the area.

• Rich ecology particularly the numerous extensive and intact areas of chalk grassland.

• Archaeological remains and sites of historic importance, particularly the Neolithic monuments of Stonehenge and Old Sarum.

• Settlement limited to a scattering of small villages and military installations including camps and abandoned or specially constructed villages used by the army for training operations.

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Final Report December 2005 Physical Influences The High Chalk Plain Landscape Type sits on a belt of chalk from the Upper Cretaceous period that runs east to west across the county. The majority of the area comprises of Upper Chalk with Middle Chalk and Lower Chalk occurring on the steep slopes and at the base of slopes respectively. Steep scarp slopes rise to form an upstanding plateau, with wide flat areas incised by a complex network of dry valleys forming an expansive rolling landscape. Small isolated areas of Clay with Flint and Sandstone also occur. The underlying chalk geology has lead to the predominance of free draining calcareous soils, and a lack of surface water. The landform undulates between 100m and 230m AOD.

Biodiversity The High Chalk Plains Landscape Type is rich in areas of high ecological value and offers a range of habitats including extensive areas nationally rare chalk grassland, a habitat that has seen an 80% decline over the last 50 years. The long established military land use has contributed to these ecologically important areas. Within the Type there are 13 SSSI. Three of these areas are of European significance, with additional SAC designations. Two of these, Salisbury Plain and Porton Down, are also SPAs; while the other site, Parsonage Down is also a NNR. There are also several County Wildlife Sites around the periphery of the military area and a number beech and ancient woodland remnants throughout. Salisbury plain, designated as a SSSI, SAC and SPA, covers approximately 12933ha in three areas spread over the northern part of the High Chalk Plain Landscape Type. The purchase of land for military use at the beginning of the 20th century has protected the area from intensive farming methods, allowing over 100 years of chalk grassland re-colonisation. Today the diverse range of calcareous soil types support a wide range of grassland communities including 13 species of nationally rare plants. The Plain is an important habitat for invertebrates, with 67 rare and scarce species recorded. It is also an internationally important site for birds, offering important breeding and wintering grounds for a number of species, including six listed in the Red Data Book. Porton Down, designated as a SSSI, SAC and SPA, is located to the east of the Type and extends beyond the county border. Porton Down is also a significant tract of ungrazed and uninterrupted calcareous grassland and includes nationally rare colonies and species. The Down also has several broadleaved, mixed and coniferous plantations and around 20% of the southern English population of Juniper scrub. The range of habitats supports a diverse range of species, some internationally important, including lichens, fungus, flies, snails, beetles, butterflies, deer and birds. Parsonage Down SSSI, SAC and NNR is again an area of botanically rich chalk grassland, situated to the west of Shrewton and outside of the MOD controlled land. The more isolated areas of species rich calcareous grassland and Juniper scrub designated as SSSI, include; Yarnbury Castle SSSI, Steeple Langford Down SSSI, Starveall and Stoney Down SSSI, Scratchbury and Cotley Hill SSSI, Upton Cow Down SSSI, Bratton Down SSSI, Great Cheveral Hill, Figsbury Ring SSSI, Bracknell Croft SSSI and Cockey Down SSSI. County Wildlife Sites include: The Warren, mixed plantation woodland on steep valley sides with open fen and a watercourse at the valley bottom and white helleborine, broad-leaved helleborine, ploughman’s-spikenard, adders tongue and water crowfoot present; White Hill,

Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 68 Land Use Consultants

Final Report December 2005 three enclosures with a complex system of terraces and access track-ways crossing them - the slopes are unimproved chalk grassland; and Codford Down, a large area of chalk downland with visible signs of old field systems with species present including black medick, burnet saxifrage and glaucous sedge, and brown hare. Historic environment The High Chalk Plain Landscape Type has many sites of historic and archaeological importance. The military use has contributed to preserving a number of archaeological sites from the Prehistoric and Roman periods that would have otherwise been lost through ploughing. Whole archaeological landscapes survive in this landscape type largely undisrupted by any activity following the Roman period. The military training area east of the River Avon has the biggest concentration of Bronze Age burial mounds in Europe. This prehistoric landscape exhibits signs of consensus relating to its use. Large areas are devoted to agriculture and others on which agriculture was clearly excluded are dedicated to burial practices. The most significant concentration of sites is Stonehenge World Heritage Site (WHS), recognised for its heritage of international value by UNESCO in 1986. Although the famous stone circle is the most recognisable feature, the WHS covers an area of around 2600ha, protecting the site and setting of a number of Neolithic monuments including; Woodhenge, another henge monument; the Cursus, consisting of two straight banks and ditches 90-130 metres apart running 2.8 kilometres and several barrows. Barrows dating from Neolithic and early Bronze Age periods are a frequent occurrence across this landscape with over 700 on the protected MOD land alone. To the south of the type, close to Salisbury is the site of the Neolithic settlement of Old Sarum. Established during the Iron Age around 500bc the site was occupied successively by the Romans and Saxons, although the most important developments occurred during Norman occupation. A castle, palace and cathedral were built inside a network of earthwork but the settlement started to fade with the establishment of New Sarum, the latter day Salisbury in 1226. The area was extensively settled throughout the Iron Age and Roman periods. Significant sites include the Iron Age forts of Yarnbury Castle, Sidbury Hill, Figsbury Ring and Scratchbury Hillfort and earthworks associated with a Roman settlement on Charlton Down. There are some six Roman villages surviving intact on Salisbury Plain including street and house platforms surviving as clear earthworks. In 1897 the first land was purchased for military training purposes and by 1902 the majority of the 17,400ha that is now the MOD controlled Army Training Estate – Salisbury Plain was under military ownership. The protection offered by the military zoning has had a profound affect on the modern landscape. Outside the MOD land large arable fields indicative of recent enclosure are dominant.

Settlement and built character Settlement within the High Chalk Plain Landscape Type is sparse, limited to nucleated villages, military camps and isolated farmsteads. The highest concentration of development is to the east of the area with a cluster of villages around the settlements of Tidworth and Ludgershall in the Bourne valley. Other settlement is widely dispersed, such as the isolated village of

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Final Report December 2005 Tilshead and the parkland estate of Everleigh. Scattered throughout, but usually to the periphery of the MOD land are isolated brick farmsteads occupied by the tenant farmers tending to cattle that are allowed to graze in specified areas of the military zone. Most settlement within the locality is, however, confined to the river valleys (Landscape Type 5: Chalk River Valleys) that divide the High Chalk Plain, occasionally spilling out on to the plain as at Amesbury. ‘Attached’ to and dwarfing some of the villages are the military camps of Tidworth, Bulford and Netheravon. There are also several freestanding camps such as Larkhill and New Zealand Camp. The camps, surrounded by wire fences, are often constructed of modern brick, weatherboard and corrugated iron. Although the camps are highly visible in some areas of the landscape their large scale, muted colours and utilitarian construction are in keeping with a landscape that has been so heavily influenced by its military land use. There are also several other military developments including the large Boscombe Down airfield, several artillery ranges and a replica German village. The military presence is also evident in the numerous signs and white topped posts clustered around track junctions and areas with restricted access such as the firing ranges or the historic sites. As the majority of the area is controlled by the MOD, transport routes are limited and generally pass through the area to connect the settlements in the river valleys. The busy A303 also passes through the area east/west. Within the MOD land there is a sparse network of rough tracks that are inaccessible to the public.

CHARACTER AREAS

3A: Salisbury Plain West Salisbury Plain West is by far the largest of the character areas of the High Chalk Plain Landscape Type. The vast High Chalk plateau rises with steep scarp slopes from the river valleys that define its southern and eastern edges and the greensand to the north. Although it is incised by numerous dry valleys, the rolling, expansive and exposed landscape retains its continuity. Although the majority of the area is controlled by the MOD there is restricted public access. The boundary between the military land and the farmland is distinct. The MOD land, a wide band to the north of the area, is almost exclusively calcareous grass land with the different grass communities arising from local conditions giving subtle variations throughout. Woodland clumps, some ancient, and small plantations at various stages of growth are also scattered across the downs, apart from the north east of the area which is used as an impact area for weapons and is exclusively grassland. The areas outside MOD control are predominantly intensively farmed and arable. The large fields and lack of hedgerow retains the openness of the area but the landscape has a more ‘manicured’ feel. The lack of settlement, limited to the small village of Tilshead and a couple of military camps, accentuates the feeling of remoteness and isolation. Views within the area can be distant, looking across vast areas of grassland and views from the periphery of the area are often panoramic, overlooking the surrounding lowlands. Military installations, signage and posts occur throughout the area. An abundance of historic sites from the Neolithic period is also a characteristic of this area, including the World Heritage Site Stonehenge and several hundred barrows.

Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 70 Land Use Consultants

Final Report December 2005 3B: Salisbury Plain East Salisbury Plain East is an area of High Chalk Plain rising up from the river valleys to the east and west. As with other areas within the High Chalk Plain Landscape Type, a vast proportion of the area is MOD land and has not been cultivated for many years, allowing for large scale calcareous grassland recolonisation of high ecological value. Juniper scrub is frequent throughout the area, as are clumps of trees and some more extensive areas of woodland, such as Everleigh Ashes. In recent years however, there has been some extensive tree clearance particularly in connection with the Life project to restore and manage the calcareous grassland. Settlement is more apparent in this area than the other areas of the High Chalk Plain Landscape Type. Two large military camps at Bulford and Tidworth extend up out of the Nine Mile and Bourne Valleys. There is also a group of settlements to the east of the area including Ludgershall and Tidworth. Other military sites include rifle ranges and Boscombe Down Airfield which occupies a large area of flat ground to the south of the area. Sites of historic and archaeological interest are frequent throughout the area, including the Iron Age fort on Sidbury Hill. Despite the settlement and areas of woodland which create some more intimate areas, Salisbury Plain East retains its vast scale and sense of isolation and exposure.

3C: Porton Down The smallest area within the High Chalk Plain Landscape Type, Porton Down is an area of High Chalk that straddles the Wiltshire border to the west of the county. The area is effectively divided into two by the A30. North of the A30 the MOD land is predominantly calcareous grassland with some scattered clumps of trees and is relatively inaccessible. South of the A30 the land is generally in private ownership and is arable with a more formal network of hedgerows and trees creating a more intimate and less exposed landscape.

EVALUATION

Positive landscape features of significance • Large scale open and exposed landscape.

• Strong sense of remoteness and isolation accentuated by absence of settlement.

• Wide views across the plain and out over the surrounding lowlands.

• Extensive areas of uninterrupted calcareous grassland with juniper scrub and of high ecological value.

• Scattered woodlands and plantations.

• Outstanding sites of archaeological interest; numerous sites, many of international importance including Stonehenge (WHS).

• Twentieth century military history evident in features such as the “German” village, disused tanks, distinctive signage, posts and gates on the rough tracks and roads.

Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 71 Land Use Consultants

Final Report December 2005 Forces for change • Changes in military activity potentially leading to alterations to the management of the calcareous grassland, Juniper scrub and the woodland blocks.

• In the past intensive arable agriculture has resulted in loss of biodiversity (chalk grassland) and ploughing up of important historic monuments.

• Further amalgamation and enlargement of fields and the breakdown of traditional field boundaries associated with intensive farming practices.

• LIFE project impacts (aims to restore and management of the calcareous grassland).

• Management of military plantations.

• Managing high visitor numbers to key archaeological sites – potential effects on the historic landscape and need for supporting infrastructure.

• Potential impact of tall structures - communications masts and transmitters plus future renewable energy developments (wind turbines) that will be particularly intrusive on the skylines and could have a major impact on the sense of remoteness.

Condition The MOD controlled areas within the Type are subject to military activity but this land use has also maintained large areas of the Chalk High Plain Landscape Type in good condition. The chalk grassland is maintained through rotational grazing by tenant farmers, there is active clearance of invasive scrub and the sites of archaeological interest are protected. The non-MOD areas have seen a loss of biodiversity through the intensification of arable farming methods for instance the removal of hedgerows, however the overall condition of the Chalk High Plain Landscape Type is good.

Strength of character This is a landscape of strong character. A sense of the vast scale and openness of this landscape is present throughout both the MOD controlled and farmed areas. The lack of settlement accentuates the feeling of isolation and remoteness and numerous and widespread sites of historic and ecological interest enrich that character of the landscape.

Inherent landscape sensitivities • The open, exposed and isolated nature of the plain.

• Internationally important ecological resources in the vast areas of uninterrupted chalk grassland.

• Ecologically significant areas of arable biodiversity, Juniper scrub and ancient woodland

• Numerous sites of archaeological interest.

• The long views and openness of the level plateau have a high visual sensitivity to change.

Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 72 Land Use Consultants

Final Report December 2005 • Skylines and tops of the scarp slopes are also particularly visually sensitive.

Strategy The management strategy for the High Chalk Plain Landscape Type is to conserve the open and isolated character of the plain along with the vast areas of calcareous grass land and sites of historic interest.

Broad Management Objectives • Conserve the sense of remoteness and isolation, with sparse settlement and road network and limited visible development.

• Conserve the areas of chalk grassland, arable biodiversity, Juniper scrub and ancient woodland of high ecological value.

• Explore opportunities to reinstate buffer areas of chalk grassland around the arable fields but ensuring retention of arable interest.

• Protect the sites of historic interest and archaeological features. Consider opportunities for extending areas of pasture around archaeological monuments in the arable areas.

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER CONTEXT The character of the Wiltshire landscape has already been investigated in a number of studies as detailed in Appendices 1 and 2. The High Chalk Plain Landscape Type has, in part, been covered by the Army Training Estates – Salisbury Plain Landscape Character Assessment.

Wiltshire Landscape Character Assessment 73 Land Use Consultants

Final Report December 2005 APPENDIX 14

APPENDIX 13 SOUTH WILTSHIRE, SETTINGS ASSESSMENT (CBA, 2008) EXTRACTS

APPENDIX 15

APPENDIX 14 VIEWPOINT LOCATIONS PLAN

KEY

Site BoundSite ary

(! ViewpointLocation

(! ContextSite Ph otoLocation

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VP7 ContextSite Ph otoLocations (1:15,000) (!

VP3 (! VP1 (! VP2 VP8 (! (!

VP9 (!

Revisions: First Issue- 06/09/2018 JS First 06/09/2018 Issue-

Viewpoint Location Plan

Land at Court Farm, Lower Woodford,

VP6 Salisbury (!

Client: EnsoEnergy Ltd DRWGNo: P18-0666_12 SheetNo: - REV: - Drawnby: JS Approvedby: RF Date: 06/09/2018 Scale: 1:25,000 @A3

0 1 km > Copyrig hPegasus t Planning Group CrowLtd. ncopyrig Allrig h t. h tsreserved. Emapsite2018 Lic encnum e Ordnanc 0100031673. ber Survey eCopyrig hLic t encnum e Prom 100042093. ber Lic ap encnum e 100020449. ber P egasusacc eptsno liability usethanyforof is doc um entoth th er itsfor anorig inalpurpose, thororig by e inalclient, orfollow ingwwPegasus’ wexpress .pegasusgagreement641717 01285 T to roup.co.uksuc use. h (N APPENDIX 16

APPENDIX 15 REPRESENTATIVE VIEWPOINTS 1 - 9

Route of PROW Approximate extent of site footpath WFOR14

Open sided agricultural barn - located just beyond the site’s eastern boundary

VIEWPOINT 1 Viewpoint 1 – View from public footpath WFOR14 (East Direction) Description Scale This viewpoint is taken to the west of the site from the PRoW footpath (WFOR14) With a high sensitivity and high magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme would and looks in an easterly direction along a farm track. The sites western boundary result in a major effect at year 1 reducing to a moderate effect by year 10 once is visible in the mid ground view cutting horizontally across the grassland. the visual screening has established. Pylons and transmission lines are located in the north west corner of the site and are prominent in the views. A well-established woodland treebelt encloses the northern boundary of the site. In the centre of the view, the open sided agricultural barn is clearly visible. Views to the south of the viewpoint are also contained by recently planted woodlands and plantations.

Sensitivity Views from PROW used by local residents and walkers are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity.

Magnitude of Change Views of the battery storage units, transformers, invertors, security fencing, CCTV and lighting within the site compound would be visible at close proximity from public footpath WFOR14 which passes directly to the south of the site. The units would be green in colour which would help assimilate the built form into the surrounding landscape. At year 1, the proposed mitigation planting and

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown visual screening would not have established therefore the Appeal Scheme would Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 115m result in a high a magnitude of change. By year 10, the proposed mitigation Date & time of photograph - 27/03/2018 @ 12:16 Distance from site - 210m planting would provide a visual screen resulting in a low magnitude of change. OS grid reference - 411228, 135594

Radio transmission Open sided agricultural barn - located just masts at Newton Barrow beyond the site’s eastern boundary

VIEWPOINT 2 Viewpoint 2 – View from public footpath WFOR14 (West Direction) Description Scale This viewpoint faces in a westerly direction along the public footpath (WFOR14) With a high sensitivity and high magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme would towards the site. The agricultural barn situated beyond the eastern boundary of result in a major effect at year 1 reducing to a moderate effect by year 10 once the site is prominent in the view. Radio masts at Newton Barrow are visible in the visual screening has established. the distance beyond the woodland treebelts. The site occupies the central part of the view, flanked along its northern boundary by well-established woodland treebelts.

Sensitivity Views from PROW used by local residents and walkers are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity.

Magnitude of Change Views of the battery storage units, transformers, invertors, security fencing, CCTV and lighting within the site compound would be visible beyond the agricultural barn in the foreground of the view. At year 1, the proposed mitigation planting and visual screening would not have established therefore the Appeal Scheme would be visible beyond the agricultural barn resulting in a high a magnitude of change. At year 10, proposed mitigation planting would provide a visual screen resulting in a low magnitude of change. © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown

Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 105m Date & time of photograph - 27/03/2018 @ 12:32 Distance from site - 0m OS grid reference - 411682, 135446

Open sided Cottages on C4 agricultural barn

VIEWPOINT 3 Viewpoint 3 – View from Salterton Farm on the Monarch’s Way Long Description Scale Distance Route (DURN17) This viewpoint is taken from the entrance to Salterton Farm at the junction of With a high sensitivity and a negligible magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme the Monarch’s Way Long Distance Route (DURN17) and Beech Walk road which would result in a negligible effect. continues in a south westerly direction down the Avon valley towards Lower Woodford. Cottages on the highway C4 which passes through Lower Woodford are visible within the view, their white render noticeable against the wooded backdrop. On the horizon in the centre of the view, the open sided agricultural barn located to the east of the site can also be clearly seen.

Sensitivity Views from PROW used by local residents and walkers are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity.

Magnitude of Change Distant views of the eastern extent of the Appeal Scheme would be perceptible across the Avon valley. However, due to distance and orientation of the site, the proportion of the view occupied by the Appeal Scheme would be small. The Appeal Scheme is located to the west of the existing open sided agricultural barn and will be set behind lengths of proposed mitigation planting which would screen views over time. The units would be green in colour which would help

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown assimilate the built form into the surrounding landscape. At this distance, the Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 77m magnitude of change would be negligible. Date & time of photograph - 27/03/2018 @ 13:42 Distance from site - 665m OS grid reference - 412885, 135686

Open sided agricultural barn

VIEWPOINT 4 View from C4 pedestrian footway, also the route of the Monarch’s Description sided agricultural barn, however, would generally be screened by the existing Way Long Distance Route (South West Direction) This viewpoint is taken from the pedestrian footway in a south westerly direction woodland treebelt. As a result, the magnitude of change would be negligible. along highway C4 and is channelled by the hedgerows lining both sides of the Scale road. On the horizon a partial view of the agricultural barn to the east of the site With a high sensitivity and a negligible magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme would be experienced. The site is located in the central part of the view although would result in a negligible effect. partly screened by woodland.

Sensitivity Views from the pedestrian footway used by local residents and walkers are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity.

Magnitude of Change Both users of the footway and highway C4 would have opportunity to view the Appeal Scheme in the distance whilst travelling in a southerly direction. From locations to the south and north from this location, views towards the site would be restricted by vegetation and topography. The location of the site, positioned to the south of the woodland treebelt would prevent views of the Appeal Scheme. Views of the Appeal Scheme from the highway C4 are restricted by the roadside vegetation. Further along the highway C4 as the road descends towards the village of Middle Woodford, the views are obstructed by landform. Views of

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown the Appeal Scheme would be apparent at year 1 although due to distance and Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 68m orientation of the site, the proportion of the view in which the site would occupy Date & time of photograph - 27/03/2018 @ 15:24 Distance from site - 1.2km is small. The Appeal Scheme would be located to the west of the existing open OS grid reference - 412409, 136522

PLANNING | DESIGN | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMICS P18-0666_08B | LAND AT COURT FARM, LOWER WOODFORD, SALISBURY | ENSO ENERGY LTD Approximate extent of site Radio transmission masts at Camp Down (obscured by built form and vegetation) Newton Barrow Hooklands Plantation

VIEWPOINT 5 View from public footpath DURN22 (South West Direction) Description Scale This viewpoint is taken from public footpath (DURN22) on the higher chalk With a high sensitivity and a negligible magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme downland to the north east of the site. Much of the foreground is comprised would result in a negligible effect. of a large scale agricultural field. Woodland plantations are scattered across the chalk downland. Camp Down can be identified in the distance to the south and Hooklands Plantation to the south east of the viewpoint. The site occupies a comparatively small part of the view, its full extents obscured from view by existing woodland.

Sensitivity Views from the PROW used by local residents and walkers are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity.

Magnitude of Change Due to distance and orientation of the site, the proportion of the view that the Appeal Scheme would occupy is small. The Appeal Scheme would be distantly perceptible to the west of the existing open sided agricultural barn and to the south of a well-established treebelt. In addition, the Appeal Scheme would be set behind lengths of mitigation planting for visual screening. The proposed battery storage units would be painted in green to assimilate the built form

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown into the surrounding landscape. As a result, the magnitude of change would be Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 121m negligible. Date & time of photograph - 27/03/2018 @ 15:07 Distance from site - 2.1km OS grid reference - 413784, 136854

Middle Barn Farm

VIEWPOINT 6 View from outer ramparts at Old Sarum Castle (North West Direction) Description Scale This viewpoint is taken from the outer ramparts of Old Sarum castle, a tourist With a high sensitivity and a negligible magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme attraction now managed by Historic England. The view extends in a north westerly would result in a negligible effect. direction from an elevated position across the large scale agricultural fields on the lower levels of the Avon valley. The background to the view is formed of the higher areas of chalk downland and valley sides. The site is located in the centre of the view and is difficult to distinguish at this distance.

Sensitivity Views from monuments and tourist attractions open to the public are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity.

Magnitude of Change Visitors to Old Sarum castle have the opportunity to experience 360-degree views across the surrounding landscape and Avon valley from the elevated position. Views to the north and west are typically more rural and views in a southerly orientation encompasses the city scape of Salisbury. Due to the expansive nature of the view and the distance from the site, the proportion of the view in which the site is located is small. The exact extent of the site is difficult to determine in the view although the agricultural barn which stands at approximately 6 metres in

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown height can be used to identify the approximate location of the site. Distant views Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 97m of the Appeal Scheme would be barely perceptible at this distance considering Date & time of photograph - 05/09/2018 @ 16:48 Distance from site - 3.35km the green colour of the battery storage units and the proposed mitigation OS grid reference - 413590, 132826 planting. As a result, the magnitude of change would be negligible.

Open sided agricultural Cottages on C4 barn

VIEWPOINT 7 View from public footpath DURN15 (South West Direction) Description Scale

The viewpoint is taken from public footpath DURN15 on the higher chalk With a high sensitivity and a low magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme would downland on the opposite side of the Avon valley. Court Farm and its associated result in a moderate effect at year 1 reducing to a negligible effect by year 10 outbuildings and metal silos can be seen on the lower valley slope. Blocks of once the visual screening has established. woodland, which contain a coniferous species forms much of the horizon of the view, the radio transmission masts at Newton Barrow punctuates the skyline. Residential dwellings along highway C4 are also visible in the view, their white rendered finish contrasting against the surrounding woodland. The existing agricultural barn is located adjacent to the site and can be seen set against a backdrop of woodland and rising landform. The site is located centrally within the view, its full extent is partially screened by the existing agricultural barn and woodland. Sensitivity

Views from the PROW used by local residents and walkers are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity. Magnitude of Change

The site is located to the west of the existing open sided agricultural barn which aids the visual screening of the Appeal Scheme. At year 1 it is anticipated that

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown users of the public footpath DURN15 would experience distant views towards Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 101m the Appeal Scheme resulting in a low magnitude of change. By year 10 once Date & time of photograph - 05/09/2018 @ 17:28 Distance from site - 1.48km the proposed mitigation planting has become established, views of the Appeal OS grid reference - 413004, 135923 Scheme would be limited resulting in a negligible magnitude of change.

Court Farm Approximate Chine Plantation extent of site

Proposed Open sided access agricultural track barn

VIEWPOINT 8 View from bridleway DURN18 (West Direction) Description Magnitude of Change This viewpoint is taken from an elevated position on the west facing valley Distant views of the Appeal Scheme would be visible on the opposite slope. From this location on bridleway DURN18, the sloping agricultural side of the Avon valley when travelling along bridleway DURN18. The field in the foreground obscures views of Lower Woodford with the units are proposed to be green in colour to help assimilate them into exception of a small collection of residential properties located adjacent the surrounding landscape which includes a background of woodland to the highway C4. The existing track and public footpath WFOR14 can treebelts, plantations on the chalk downland. At year 1 it would be be seen in the middle ground travelling up the opposite side of the valley possible for users of bridleway DURN18 to experience partial views side towards the site. The site is located on the middle slopes of the chalk of the Appeal Scheme in the distance resulting in a low magnitude of downland with the open sided agricultural barn flanked by woodland. change. By year 10 once the proposed mitigation planting has become The horizon of the view is formed by rounded hills, dissected by shallow established, views of the Appeal Scheme would be limited resulting in a valleys and topped with blocks of woodland. The pylons and transmission negligible magnitude of change. lines and radio transmission masts at Newton Barrow punctuates the Scale skyline beyond the site in the distance. With a high sensitivity and a low magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme Sensitivity would result in a moderate effect at year 1 reducing to a negligible effect Views from the PROW used by local residents, walkers and equestrians by year 10 once the visual screening has established. are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity. © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown

Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 104m Date & time of photograph - 05/09/2018 @ 17:41 Distance from site - 1.56km OS grid reference - 413134, 135458

Proposed Open sided Court Farm access agricultural track barn

VIEWPOINT 9 View from public footpath DURN18 (West Direction) Description by the site is small. The units are proposed to be green in colour to help assimilate them into the surrounding landscape which includes a This viewpoint is located approximately 0.34km to the south of Viewpoint background of woodland treebelts, plantations and chalk downland. At 8 on bridleway DURN18 and is taken between the woodland gap from year 1 it would be possible for users of bridleway DURN18 to experience higher ground above Devenish Nature Reserve. Much of the village of views towards the Appeal Scheme resulting in a low magnitude of Lower Woodford is obscured from the view by the sloping valley landform. change at this distance. By year 10 once the proposed mitigation planting Court Farm and its associated outbuildings and silos are visible across has become established, views of the Appeal Scheme would be limited the valley on the middle slopes. The radio transmission masts at Newton resulting in a negligible magnitude of change. Barrow and a small number electricity pylons and transmission lines are also visible on the skyline. The existing public footpath WFOR14 between Scale Court Farm and the site ascending the chalk downland is visible in the With a high sensitivity and a low magnitude of change, the Appeal Scheme centre of the view. would result in a moderate effect at year 1 reducing to a negligible effect Sensitivity by year 10 once the visual screening has established. Views from the PROW used by local residents, walkers and equestrians are generally considered to be of high value, susceptibility and overall sensitivity. Magnitude of Change Distant views of the Appeal Scheme would be visible between the woodland gap from the higher ground above Devenish Nature Reserve.

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite All rights reserved. copyright, © Crown The site is located to the west of the existing agricultural barn and this Camera make & model - Canon EOS 5D Mk II Viewpoint height (AOD) - 104m structure would partially screen views of the Appeal Scheme across the Date & time of photograph - 05/09/2018 @ 15:46 Distance from site - 1.54km Avon valley. However due to distance, the proportion of the view occupied OS grid reference - 413065, 135128

APPENDIX 16 SITE CONTEXT AND ACCESS ROUTE PHOTOS 1 - 8

S1 - View from C4 looking south, near the junction of the proposed access route

S2 - View from C4 looking north, near the junction of the proposed access route

S4 - View from the Monarch’s Way Long Distance Route on the proposed access route near to Hill Tops and Hillside Cottage, looking west

S6 - View from PRoW WFOR14 on the proposed access track to the site near Court Farm, looking west

S8 - View from PRoW WFOR14 on the proposed access track to the site, looking west

S10 - View from PRoW WFOR14, looking east

APPENDIX 17 VISUALISATIONS 1, 6, 7 AND 9

Existing View

Photomontage View - Year 1

Camera make and model: Canon EOS 5D with a fixed 50mm lens. VIEWPOINT 1 Date & time of photography : 05.09.17 @ 15:33 View from public footpath WFOR14 OS reference : 411347, 135541 Viewpoint height : 114m (East Direction) Recommended Viewing distance : 30cm Angle of view : 75˚ Land at Court Farm, Camera height set at 1.5m Lower Woodford, Salisbury Document dimensions (420mm x 297mm) Client: ENSO Energy Ltd DRWG No: P18-0666_14 Sheet No: 1 of 8 Drawn by: CS Approved by: RF Date: 14/09/2018 REV: © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite reserved. All rights copyright, © Crown

PLANNING | DESIGN | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMICS Photomontage View - Year 5

Camera make and model: Canon EOS 5D with a fixed 50mm lens. VIEWPOINT 1 Date & time of photography : 05.09.17 @ 15:33 View from public footpath WFOR14 OS reference : 411347, 135541 Viewpoint height : 114m (East Direction) Recommended Viewing distance : 30cm Angle of view : 75˚ Land at Court Farm, Camera height set at 1.5m Lower Woodford, Salisbury Document dimensions (420mm x 297mm) Client: ENSO Energy Ltd DRWG No: P18-0666_14 Sheet No: 2 of 8 Drawn by: CS Approved by: RF Date: 14/09/2018 REV: © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite reserved. All rights copyright, © Crown

PLANNING | DESIGN | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMICS Existing View

Approximate Location of Site

Photomontage View - Year 1

Camera make and model: Canon EOS 5D with a fixed 50mm lens. VIEWPOINT 6 Date & time of photography : 05.09.17 @ 16:48 View from outer ramparts of Old Sarum castle OS reference : 413590, 132826 Viewpoint height : 97m (North West Direction) Recommended Viewing distance : 30cm Angle of view : 75˚ Land at Court Farm, Camera height set at 1.5m Lower Woodford, Salisbury Document dimensions (420mm x 297mm) Client: ENSO Energy Ltd DRWG No: P18-0666_14 Sheet No: 3 of 8 Drawn by: CS Approved by: RF Date: 14/09/2018 REV: © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite reserved. All rights copyright, © Crown

PLANNING | DESIGN | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMICS Approximate Location of Site

Photomontage View - Year 5

Camera make and model: Canon EOS 5D with a fixed 50mm lens. VIEWPOINT 6 Date & time of photography : 05.09.17 @ 16:48 View from outer ramparts of Old Sarum castle OS reference : 413590, 132826 Viewpoint height : 97m (North West Direction) Recommended Viewing distance : 30cm Angle of view : 75˚ Land at Court Farm, Camera height set at 1.5m Lower Woodford, Salisbury Document dimensions (420mm x 297mm) Client: ENSO Energy Ltd DRWG No: P18-0666_14 Sheet No: 4 of 8 Drawn by: CS Approved by: RF Date: 14/09/2018 REV: © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite reserved. All rights copyright, © Crown

PLANNING | DESIGN | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMICS Existing View

Approximate Location of Site

Photomontage View - Year 1

Camera make and model: Canon EOS 5D with a fixed 50mm lens. VIEWPOINT 7 Date & time of photography : 05.09.17 @ 17:28 View from public footpath DURN15 OS reference : 413007, 135927 Viewpoint height : 101m (South West Direction) Recommended Viewing distance : 30cm Angle of view : 75˚ Land at Court Farm, Camera height set at 1.5m Lower Woodford, Salisbury Document dimensions (420mm x 297mm) Client: ENSO Energy Ltd DRWG No: P18-0666_14 Sheet No: 5 of 8 Drawn by: CS Approved by: RF Date: 14/09/2018 REV: © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite reserved. All rights copyright, © Crown

PLANNING | DESIGN | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMICS Approximate Location of Site

Photomontage View - Year 5

Camera make and model: Canon EOS 5D with a fixed 50mm lens. VIEWPOINT 7 Date & time of photography : 05.09.17 @ 17:28 View from public footpath DURN15 OS reference : 413007, 135927 Viewpoint height : 101m (South West Direction) Recommended Viewing distance : 30cm Angle of view : 75˚ Land at Court Farm, Camera height set at 1.5m Lower Woodford, Salisbury Document dimensions (420mm x 297mm) Client: ENSO Energy Ltd DRWG No: P18-0666_14 Sheet No: 6 of 8 Drawn by: CS Approved by: RF Date: 14/09/2018 REV: © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2018 emapsite Licence number 0100031673 Licence 2018 emapsite reserved. All rights copyright, © Crown

PLANNING | DESIGN | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMICS