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132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area Profile: Supporting Documents

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National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents Ecosystem service provision Statement of Environmental Opportunity Food Timber provision Water availability Genetic diversity Biomass energy Climate regulation Regulating water quality Regulating water flow Regulating soil quality Regulating soil erosion Pollination Pest regulation coastal erosion Regulating Sense of place/inspiration Sense of history Tranquility Recreation Biodiversity Geodiversity SEO 1: Protect, manage and enhance the landscape of large areas of calcareous chalk grassland, and develop network connectivity, supporting internationally important and designated * ** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** N/A *** *** *** *** *** semi-natural habitats and species assemblages – from birds to bumblebees – and thus support *** biodiversity. SEO 2: Protect, manage and enhance the (Hampshire) River Avon system, working in partnership notably with the regional farming community to improve the habitat for flora and fauna and ** *** * *** *** ** *** ** *** ** *** *** N/A ** *** *** *** *** *** improving biodiversity, developing the scope for climate regulation and for regulation of water flow and water quality. Note: Arrows shown in the table above indicate anticipated effect on service delivery: = Increase = Slight Increase = No change = Slight Decrease = Decrease. Asterisks denote confidence in projection (*low **medium***high) ° symbol denotes where insufficient information* on the** likely** effect** ** is available. ** ** ** * ** ** * *** ** ** ** Dark plum = national importance; mid plum = regional importance; light plum = local importance 33 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents Ecosystem service provision Statement of Environmental Opportunity Food Timber provision Water availability Genetic diversity Biomass energy Climate regulation Regulating water quality Regulating water flow Regulating soil quality Regulating soil erosion Pollination Pest regulation coastal erosion Regulating Sense of place/inspiration Sense of history Tranquility Recreation Biodiversity Geodiversity SEO 3: Protect, conserve and sustainably manage the NCA’s rich historic and archaeological resource, notably the Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site and its surrounding landscape, *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** N/A *** *** *** *** *** and its natural and cultural heritage, for its value in sense of place and history and tranquillity, for *** open air recreation, and for the benefits it brings to the local and regional economy. SEO 4: Protect and enhance the NCA’s agriculture interest, working with the local farming community to prepare for the impact of and adapt to both evolving funding mechanisms and climate change, to secure future food provision, while working in harmony with the nationally *** ** *** *** ** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** N/A ** *** *** *** *** *** recognised and distinctive character of the landscape, its natural beauty and scenic quality and, so far as possible, extending the scope for access to nature and other recreation, for public benefit, understanding and enjoyment. Note: Arrows shown in the table above indicate anticipated effect on service delivery: = Increase = Slight Increase = No change = Slight Decrease = Decrease. Asterisks denote confidence in projection (*low **medium***high) ° symbol denotes where insufficient information* on the** likely** effect** ** is available. ** ** ** * ** ** * *** ** ** ** Dark plum = national importance; mid plum = regional importance; light plum = local importance 34 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents Landscape attributes Landscape attribute Justification for selection Extensive open chalk plateau The emptiness of the chalk plain is a strong characteristic of the NCA. with large arable fields and some The Plain has a clear sense of identity and distinctiveness contributing much to the sense of place. remaining or reinstated areas of chalk grassland. Big skies accompany the wide open spaces with uninterrupted panoramas over a broad horizon and distant views from elevated areas. Few hedgerows and generally inconspicuous boundary features accentuate the chalk landform. Rectilinear field patterns, many reflecting 19th enclosure, and current land use result in a rich tapestry of colours. Locally bright colours are found as a result of the profusion of flowering plants associated with chalk grassland. Sheltered river valleys with narrow Contrast between valleys and chalk plateau heightens the sense of isolation and remoteness found on the plateau. flood plains and some settlement. Intimate, secluded, fertile, wooded valley sides with wet woodland along watercourses, floated water meadows, more marked boundary features and a greater sense of enclosure. Settlements and transport routes are associated with the more settled river valleys. Extensive prehistoric ritual Stonehenge is often seen as synonymous with Salisbury Plain, providing a foundation for the internationally important sense of landscape. history created by the wider prehistoric landscape. Multiple, and often associated, earthworks occupy skyline and focal point locations within the landscape; a constant reminder of the long history of human occupation. For many, the cultural connections with past ritual landscapes have a lasting resonance and act as a foil to modern society. This is embodied in the character of the area. The World Heritage Site plays a major role in NCA economy. Sparsely settled away from the The pattern and extent of settlement across the plateau and plain is largely unaffected by the 21st century and contributes much to a scarp foot and valley villages. sense of isolation. Where settlement occurs it often has clear historical connections, for example the military settlements and few farmsteads. Settlement often relates to the availability of resources; water, more fertile farmland and transport routes. 35 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents Landscape attribute Justification for selection Abundant use of local stone, for The local vernacular architecture reinforces the sense of place creating unity between the underlying geology and human example Chilmark limestone, occupation. adding to a distinctive local In contrast more recent military development and utilitarian structures reflect the remote, unpopulated landscape. vernacular architecture. Long history of human occupation Visible signs of habitation and cultivation since the Neolithic era cover the landscape, from barrows to strip lynchets, villages to and agriculture. stately homes, and military housing. The area remains fundamentally agricultural in character. Military presence. The close association with the military and defence uses of the Plain are a distinguishing feature of NCA for many. Military use has a major impact on landscape even outside the restricted area. Military and defence uses within the landscape are both prominent and historical. Evocative species associated with Stone curlew and lapwing are characteristic and charismatic species of chalk plain landscape. chalk and chalk river habitats. Floristically diverse chalk grasslands bring seasonal colour and scientific interest to parts of the landscape. The quality and flow of chalk rivers support important and diverse species, providing interest for a range of communities including the scientific and game fishing communities. Semi-natural habitats and natural Over a third of the NCA is covered by landscape designations, within one of two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, reflecting beauty. the outstanding scenic and natural beauty. Over 2,000 ha have been designated as SPA, SAC and SSSI for the diversity of wild species present; the range of bird and plant species and the chalk grassland of international significance. River Avon and its system is designated as an SAC as one of Britain’s most diverse rivers, supporting internationally important chalk rivers and wetland habitats and species. The range and presence of rare, scarce and common plants and animals adds interest and distinctiveness to the area. 36 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents Landscape opportunities ■ Preserve connections to the cultural heritage of all ages, from the Neolithic to the First World War, and build on the foundation of the World Heritage Site. ■ Foster partnership working to explore and exploit any scope for developing areas of species-rich chalk grassland. ■ Enhance and develop traditional flood management systems. ■ Collaborate with Environment Agency and others on a variety of projects on the River Avon system to enhance water quality and the other ecosystems services that the river provides. ■ Work to maintain levels of tranquillity to enhance the valued sense of remoteness in the NCA. ■ Maintain the woodlands on the valley sides and support traditional management practices such as coppicing in the interests of the landscape while encouraging economic development. Nature reserve at Langford Lakes in the Wylye Valley. 37 National Character 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs Area profile: Supporting documents Ecosystem service analysis The following section shows the analysis used to determine key ecosystem service opportunities within the area. These opportunities have been combined with
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