Land at Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire

An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

for Berkeley Homes (Oxford and Chiltern) Limited

by Sean Wallis and Heather Hopkins Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd

Site Code BSB 09/19

March 2009 Summary

Site name: Land at Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire

Grid reference: SU 8685 6812

Site activity: Desk-based assessment

Project manager: Steve Ford

Site code: BSB 09/19

Area of site: 1.45ha

Summary of results: The site lies in an area of modest archaeological potential but with a scheduled monument (a round barrow) nearby to the north. The northern portion of the site has been intensively developed for the previous school buildings and is considered to have no archaeological potential. The archaeological potential of the southern portion of the site is less clear. This zone comprises a terrace of former playing fields though the extent of ‘cut’ (which has compromised any archaeology present) as opposed to ‘fill’, which has taken place during construction is not known. Field evaluation will be required to confirm whether there is any archaeological potential in this latter zone.

This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder

Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford9 22.03.09 Steve Preston9 23.03.09

i Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd, 47–49 De Beauvoir Road, Reading RG1 5NR Tel. (0118) 926 0552; Fax (0118) 926 0553; email [email protected]; website : www.tvas.co.uk

Land at Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

by Sean Wallis and Heather Hopkins

Report 09/19 Introduction

This desk-based study is an assessment of the archaeological potential of a plot of land located on the south east side of Rectory Lane, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire (SU 8685 6812) (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Mr Cliff Buddery, of Berkeley Homes (Oxford and Chiltern) Ltd, Berkeley House, Abingdon

Science Park, Barton Lane, Abingdon, OX14 4NB and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area.

Site description, location and geology

The site comprises an elongated rectangle of land of c. 1.45 ha which were formerly a part of Brackenhale

School (Fig. 1). The site lies at a height of approximately 80m above Ordnance Datum but slopes down towards the south. The northern boundary of the site is formed by Rectory Road, the east and south by retained parts of

Brackenhale School, and the west by housing (Fig. 11). The northern portion of the site is occupied by former school buildings and ancillary features such as car parks. The southern portion of the site comprises playing fields. The playing fields themselves lie on near level ground with a marked break in slope between the school building zone and the playing fields. This suggests a degree of terracing to form the playing field surface, though the extent to which this construction is 'cut' rather than 'fill' cannot be easily discerned, as reference to the topography of adjacent parcels of land is also confused by the presence of modern development. The underlying geology of the site is mapped as Bagshot Beds (BGS 1981).

Planning background and development proposals

Outline planning permission (07/01259/OUT) has been granted by Bracknell Forest Borough Council, for the redevelopment of the site for housing. The proposed redevelopment consists of 63 dwellings with associated parking and public open space. Access will be via Rectory Lane. The outline consent is subject to a condition

(12) which states:

‘No development shall take place until the applicant…has secured and implemented a Desk-Based Assessment as part of a phased programme of archaeological work in accordance with a written scheme of investigation (method statement), which has been submitted by the applicant and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority.

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‘REASON: The site lies within an area of archaeological potential, specifically relating to prehistoric remains. An archaeological evaluation (trial trenching) is required to mitigate the impact of development and ensure preservation by record of any surviving remains. This is to be undertaken as the provisional stage of a phased programme of works should initial investigation warrant further mitigation.’

Archaeology and Planning (PPG16, 1990) provides guidance relating to archaeology within the planning process. It points out that where a desk-based assessment has shown that there is a strong possibility of significant archaeological deposits in a development area it is reasonable to provide more detailed information from a field evaluation so that an appropriate strategy to mitigate the effects of development on archaeology can be devised:

Paragraph 21 states:

‘Where early discussions with local planning authorities or the developer’s own research indicate that important archaeological remains may exist, it is reasonable for the planning authority to request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried out...’

Should the presence of archaeological deposits be confirmed further guidance is provided. Archaeology and

Planning stresses preservation in situ of archaeological deposits as a first consideration as in paragraphs 8 and

18.

Paragraph 8 states:

‘...Where nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not, and their settings, are affected by proposed development there should be a presumption in favour of their physical preservation...’

Paragraph 18 states:

‘The desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in determining planning applications whether that monument is scheduled or unscheduled...’

However, for archaeological deposits that are not of such significance it is appropriate for them to be ‘preserved by record’ (i.e., fully excavated and recorded by a competent archaeological contractor) prior to their destruction or damage.

Paragraph 25 states:

‘Where planning authorities decide that the physical preservation in situ of archaeological remains is not justified in the circumstances of the development and that development resulting in the destruction of the archaeological remains should proceed, it would be entirely reasonable for the planning authority to satisfy itself ... that the developer has made appropriate and satisfactory provision for the excavation and recording of remains.’

The Bracknell Forest Borough Local Plan, (BFBLP 2002) adopted in 2002 states:

POLICY EN6 Ancient monuments and archaeological remains of national importance

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2.53 planning permission will not be granted for development which would adversely affect the character and appearance of ancient monuments and archaeological remains of national importance or their settings. Where appropriate, the borough council will require by condition(s) or seek by agreement a conservation and/or enhancement scheme which may include public access management arrangements.

2.54 Under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, scheduled ancient monuments enjoy statutory protection from development likely to have an adverse impact on their character or appearance. In accordance with Government advice, there is a presumption in favour of preservation in situ of all nationally important archaeological remains and their settings whether scheduled or not. Therefore, development proposals will be resisted where they would involve significant alteration or damage, or would have a detrimental impact on the setting of visible remains. The Borough Council will encourage owners of important archaeological sites to maintain them in good order and will endeavour to set an example through the management of sites in its ownership.

POLICY EN7 Other important archaeological remains 2.55 Planning permission will not be granted for development which would adversely affect those important archaeological remains which are not the subject of policy EN6. In assessing proposals, the borough council will have regard to the need to preserve these archaeological remains and, where appropriate, will require an assessment of the site and an evaluation of the remains prior to the determination of the planning application.

2.56 The existence of some archaeological remains are already known to the Borough Council, however, additional sites will continue to be identified as a result of new information and field work evaluation. The Borough Council will seek to ensure that adequate opportunity is given for the importance of the archaeological deposits to be assessed so that an informed judgement can be made on whether their value calls for preservation or further investigation. The Borough Council will ensure that any adverse effects of a development proposal upon these archaeological remains will be suitably mitigated. In such cases archaeological assessment and evaluation will be carried out by an accredited archaeologist, prior to planning permission being granted. The full significance of many sites is often unknown and so it is important that proper evaluation is undertaken early to establish their true value and to record or salvage artefacts and features which may be threatened by development and to explore the possibility of mitigating its impact by preservation of the remains in situ.

These two policies were retained when parts of the Local Plan expired in September 2007 (BFBLP 2007). Some of the policies in the Local Plan were replaced by the Core Strategy in February 2008 (BFBLP 2008).

Methodology

The assessment of the site was carried out by the examination of pre-existing information from a number of sources recommended by the Institute of Field Archaeologists paper ‘Standards in British Archaeology’ covering desk-based studies. These sources include historic and modern maps, the Berkshire Historic

Environment Record, geological maps and any relevant publications or reports.

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Archaeological background

General background

The heathland areas of south-east Berkshire and north-west Surrey in which Bracknell lies, are not regarded as having a high density of either prehistoric or historic settlement (Ford 1987). This may, in part, be a product of a lack of opportunity for site discovery due to the large areas of forest cover, although the agriculturally marginal nature of these soils may also have been a significant factor in their use in later prehistoric and historic times.

Yet one consequence of their poor agricultural potential is that it has led to the preservation of a number of upstanding round barrows (burial mounds), such as that close to the site on top of Bill Hill, which in areas of more productive soil would have been levelled by ploughing. In later historic times much of east Berkshire lay within Windsor Forest and was subject to Forest Law, which put restrictions on the development of settlement in medieval times.

The creation of Bracknell as with other post-war ‘New Towns’ from the 1950s took place at a time when the archaeological implications of such developments were largely unknown and any archaeological response was minimal. Relatively few sites were thus recorded during this process, though new development encompassed the preservation in situ of scheduled monuments such as the Iron Age hillfort of Caesar’s Camp.

This contrasts with the later creation of new towns such as Milton Keynes where systematic archaeological monitoring revealed a wealth of sites and finds (Mynard 1987).

More recent development-led investigations have begun to redress the balance. A Middle Iron Age settlement has been excavated at Fairclough Farm, to the north of Bracknell (Torrance and Durden 2003) and

Middle Bronze Age and Middle Iron Age occupation, medieval activity and post-medieval lime kilns have recently been excavated at the former RAF Staff College, Bracknell (Lowe 2008). At Jennett’s Park,

Easthampstead, Mesolithic and Roman occupation has been recorded (Ed Biddulph pers. comm.).

Berkshire Historic Environment Record (HER)

A search was made on the Berkshire Historic Environment Record (HER) on 5th March 2009 for a radius of

1km around the proposal site. This revealed 19 entries within the search radius. These are summarized as

Appendix 1 and their locations are plotted on Figure 1.

Neolithic There are three entries for this period within the study area. All of the entries are for struck flint and as this material is often not closely datable, the dating assigned (‘Neolithic’) should probably be widened to include both the Mesolithic and Bronze Ages. An entry described as a ‘Neolithic flint working floor’ was recorded in

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1957 [Fig. 1: 1]. A single Neolithic flake was found on Fir Hill in Bracknell [2] and various flints were found in excavation at the former RAF Staff College, Bracknell [4] and evaluation at Church Hill House Hospital,

Easthampstead [7].

Bronze Age The round barrow on Bill Hill, to the north of the site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument which is likely to be of

Bronze Age origin [3]. The site has been dug into in antiquity (robbed) but with no record of any finds having been made. Excavation at the former RAF Staff College revealed a small number of pits and other features indicating middle Bronze Age occupation [4].

Iron Age There is just a single entry for this period within the study area The excavation at the former RAF Staff College revealed a middle Iron Age ring gully and a small number of other features [4].

Roman, Saxon The HER contains no entries relating to the Roman or Saxon periods within the search radius.

Medieval The HER contains an entry for the medieval village of Easthampstead which lies to the south of the site [5]. The location of any physical remains of the village are not known despite evaluation at Church Hill House [7]

Earthworks suggestive of an enclosure, possibly of medieval date have been discovered on Bill Hill [6]. A few sherds of pottery of Medieval date were recovered during the excavation at RAF Staff College [4].

Post Medieval Three entries of early post-medieval date have been recorded. Excavations at the RAF Staff College, has revealed an area of industrial activity dating from the mid 16th to 17th century which comprised two lime kilns, a well and various other ditches and enclosures [4]. The lime kilns are thought to have been built to provide mortar for construction of the country house which was later to become the Staff College (Lowe 2008).

Evaluation at Church Hill House, Hospital at Easthampstead recovered small amounts of unstratified pottery but also investigated a lynchet (a field boundary bank caused by plough on a slope) which was of post-medieval date

[7].

Most of the remaining post-medieval entries in the HER within the search radius are for Grade II listed buildings. The London and South Western Railway connecting Wokingham and Staines opened in 1856 [17, 18].

The Church of St Michael and St Mary Magdalene, on Crowthorne Road, has some elements of the 17th century, although it is mostly late 19th century [5]. Church Hill House, which was the former Workhouse for

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Easthampstead Union and later hospital, has multi-phase buildings of post-medieval (19th century) origin [7].

The Horse and Groom public house on Bagshot Road is of 17th century origin [15].

South Hill Park was built in 1760 for a retired official in the Bengal government. The original Italianate house was replaced in the late 19th century with the present Temple Moor house. The ornamental parkland and gardens were truncated through the development of Bracknell in the mid 20th century, as the parkland was enveloped and built on during the construction of the Birch Hill estate. The remaining formal gardens and landscaped setting are a public park, the house forms the South Hill Park arts centre. South Hill Park is a Grade

II registered Park and Garden [13]. The other entries are for various houses and cottages from 16th-20th century dates [5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16].

Modern, unknown, negative Point Royal, a hexagonal 18-storey block of flats designed by Philip Dowson and Derek Sugden of Arup

Associates and built in 1961–4, is Grade II listed and stands to the south-west of the site. The landscaping, including the ha-ha and the car-park, form part of the listing as they enhance the architectural setting of the building. Later refurbishment is considered not to have compromised the integrity of the building’s character

[19].

A watching brief undertaken at Mill Lane / Oldbury Road revealed no features or finds of archaeological significance [8]. Likewise, an archaeological evaluation at Crowthorne Road revealed no finds or features of archaeological interest [14].

Scheduled Ancient Monuments

The round barrow on Bill Hill, to the north of the site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, number 12077. There are intervening buildings between the proposal site and Bill Hill.

Cartographic and documentary sources

The name Bracknell comes from the Old English Braccan heal, meaning ‘nook of land of [a man called]

Bracca’. It is first recorded in AD942 (Mills, 1991). Easthampstead is first mentioned as Lachenested, in the

Domesday Survey of 1086. The name means ‘homestead by the gate or gap’ (Mills 1991). The Abbey of

Westminster held Easthampstead before and after the Norman conquest. Before the conquest it was assessed at

10 hides, at the time of the Survey it was assessed at 5 hides with land for 8 ploughs and woodland for 10 pigs.

There were 14 villans. At the time of Edward it was worth 100shillings, after the conquest 50s and at the time of

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the survey 60s. The difference in worth shows either the great devastation caused by the conquest or that the manor’s borders had changed. Bracknell is not listed in Domesday Book (Williams and Martin 2002).

Abbot Lawrence of Westminster (1159–75) granted the church of Easthampstead to William the prior and the brothers of Hurley. In 1176 Easthampstead was called Yethamstede. The manor of Easthampstead was granted by Richard Abbot of Westminster [sic] to the Prior of Hurley during the 13th century. The royal park or manor of Easthampstead does not seem to have formed an estate separate from the neighbouring royal lands until the beginning of the 14th century. Both Edward III and Richard II spent some time at Easthampstead and many public documents were signed there. Henry VIII visited it and Catherine of Aragon was there in the summer of 1531 when she received messengers from the king, who requested her to consent to their divorce.

After the dissolution of Hurley Priory in 1536 the manor of Easthampstead followed the descent of Hurley

Manor via the Lovelace family (VCH 1923 77–80).

James I was a frequent visitor for the purpose of hunting and enlarged the park. From Norden's survey of

1607 it appears that Easthampstead was one of the walks of the forest. Easthampstead Walk included the park, the whole of the parish and parts of neighbouring parishes. In 1629 Charles I granted William Trumbull free chase and warren within the park, on condition that he kept 200 head of deer for the king’s hunting. Following the Civil War he successfully petitioned to be exempt from keeping deer at all as the stock had been destroyed.

Easthampstead Parish, apart from the park, was enclosed in 1813 by Act of Parliament and allotments of land were granted to the Crown in lieu of forest rights.

Following the destruction caused by the Second World War, eight New Towns were built within a 30 mile radius of London, designed to be self-contained communities. Bracknell was designated as a New Town in 1955 and expanded rapidly. The medieval village of Easthampstead was engulfed in the modern development. Crown

Wood and Forest Park concluded the New Town development in the late 1980s.

A range of Ordnance Survey and other historical maps of the area were consulted at Berkshire Record

Office in order to ascertain what activity had been taking place throughout the site’s later history and whether this may have affected any possible archaeological deposits within the proposal area (see Appendix 2).

The earliest available map of the area is Christopher Saxton’s map of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and

Oxfordshire, 1574 (Fig. 2). This depicts the settlement and park of ‘Easthamsted’. The settlement is shown to be of a medium size, but small in comparison to nearby Okinghm (Wokingham). Speed’s map of Berkshire of 1610 shows no further detail than Saxton’s map (not shown). Norden’s map of the Forest of Windsor, drawn in 1607 shows the area in greater detail (Fig. 3). The village of ‘Easthamsted’ and Easthamstead Park are both shown,

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within ‘Easthamsted Walke’. In addition to this South Hill, Old Brecknoll (Bracknell), New Bracknell, and

Crowthorne Swinley Forest. Of some interest on Norden’s map is the depiction of a number of antiquities, such as ‘windmill hill fort’, (presumably Caesar’s camp) and Wickham Bushes. He also records a ‘gall moat’ at South

Hill: it is not at all clear what this is. The barrow on Bill Hill, however, is not marked. It is not possible to discern the site exactly on this map, but it is possible to say that the area surrounding Easthamstead was generally undeveloped.

Rocque’s map of Berkshire drawn in 1761 provides further detail (Fig. 4). Bill Hill, to the north of the site, is depicted and named as Beedle’s Hill. Three buildings are shown on South Hill. It is possible that these are the original three buildings of South Hill Park which was constructed in 1760. The site appears to be part of a larger agricultural field and is shown to be undeveloped. The preliminary Ordnance Survey of c. 1820 shows the barrow to the north of the site on Bill Hill and the road lay-out that preceded the lay-out of the New Town. This means that it is possible to discern the location of the site and state that it was undeveloped at this time (Fig. 5).

It is possible to discern the site on the Easthampstead enclosure map of 1827 as part of field 724 (Fig. 6). The western boundary of the site appears to remain unchanged on the Easthampstead Parish Tithe map of 1841 but the field boundaries at the eastern part of the site appear to change over time (Fig. 7). The site is wholly within field 487. The site appears to be undeveloped farmland on both of these maps.

Much more detailed mapping becomes available with the First Edition Ordnance Survey of 1875, which shows the site to be within an agricultural field and undeveloped (Fig. 8). The road north of the site has been labelled as Parsonage Lane and a rectory has been constructed to the south. Bill Hill, and the barrow, are shown in more detail. The Second Edition Ordnance Survey of 1899 is identical as far as the site, and indeed most of the surrounding area, is concerned. This remains unchanged in the Ordnance Surveys of 1912 and 1932 (Fig. 9).

The growth of Bracknell New Town since 1955 has resulted in a complete change in the area (Fig. 10). Bill Hill, a Scheduled Ancient Monument since the 1950s, has remained undeveloped but the area surrounding the site and the northern part of the site itself were developed. The north of the site is occupied by school buildings constructed during the 1960s. The modern Ordnance Survey (Fig. 11) shows a slope south of the school buildings. This is believed to have been caused by terracing to level the site for school playing fields.

Listed buildings

There are numerous Grade II listed buildings in the broad vicinity of the site (see above). However, with the exception of the modern tower block, Point Royal, all of these are at a distance from the site and would not be

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affected by the site’s development. Development of the type proposed on the site would likewise not impact on

Point Royal.

Registered Parks and Gardens; Registered Battlefields

South Hill Park, arts centre and public park, is a Grade II listed Registered Park and Garden on the southern margin of the study area. It is far smaller than the original park of 1760 but was registered in its current form.

The development site is to far removed to have any impact on South Hill Park.

Historic Hedgerows

There are no hedgerows, historic or otherwise, on the site.

Aerial Photographs

The site areas lies within an urban area which has been developed since before the advent of aerial photography.

No photographic collections have therefore been consulted.

Discussion

In considering the archaeological potential of the study area, various factors must be taken into account, including previously recorded archaeological sites, previous land-use and disturbance and future land-use including the proposed development (Fig. 12).

The site lies within an area of modest archaeological potential. There are no known archaeological sites located on the site nor within close proximity. However various finds and sites are recorded for the study area.

One site of note is that of a burial mound (round barrow) on Bill Hill to the north of the site for which contemporary occupation deposits should be anticipated in adjacent areas.

The northern portion of the proposal site has been previously developed for a school complex with various buildings and areas of hard standing (carparks, playgrounds, etc) (Fig. 11). This previous development is expected to have compromised any archaeological deposits present, especially so for the location of the previous buildings. The extent to which the areas of hard standing will also have compromised the archaeologically relevant levels is less easy to discern. In general, construction of the latter often only involves removal of superficial deposits (topsoil) but if the topsoil is shallow and the underlying geology soft, greater damage or destruction would occur.

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The southern portion of the site has not be developed by solid construction as such but creation of level playing fields appears to have taken place by terracing. It is assumed that this terracing has involved ‘cut and fill’ though the proportions of these remain unknown. However, areas of ‘fill’ usually allow for preservation of the archaeologically relevant horizon whereas areas of ‘cut’ destroy it. It seems likely therefore that archaeologically relevant horizon could have survived in some, at least, of the southern zone of the site.

The wording of planning condition (12) clearly states a requirement for a desk-based assessment as a part of a phased, but unspecified programme of work. However, the reasons explaining the condition clearly state that field evaluation is required. In this case it is recommended that a field evaluation should be carried out specifically for the southern portion of the site This would need to be carried out by a competent archaeological contractor and would need to conform to a scheme approved by the archaeological adviser to Bracknell Forest

Borough Council.

References

BFBLP, 2002, Bracknell Forest Borough Local Plan, Bracknell BFBLP, 2007, Bracknell Forest Borough Local Plan Saved Policies Sept 2007, Bracknell BFBLP, 2008, Bracknell Forest Borough Local Plan Core Strategy Development Plan February, Bracknell BGS, 1981, British Geological Survey, Sheet 269, Drift/Solid Edition, Scale 1:50,000, Keyworth Ford, S, 1987, East Berkshire Archaeological Survey Department of Highways and Planning, Berkshire County Council Occas Pap 1, Reading Lowe, J 2008, ‘Middle Bronze Age and Middle Iron Age occupation and Post medieval Limekilns at RAF Staff College, Broad Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire’, Thames Valley Archaeol Services draft publication rep 06/67, Reading Mynard, D C (ed), 1987, Roman Milton Keynes, Excavations and Fieldwork 1971–82, Buckinghamshire Archaeol Soc Monogr Ser, 1, Aylesbury Mills, A D, 1998, Dictionary of English Place-Names, Oxford PPG16, 1990, Dept of the Environment Planning Policy Guidance 16, Archaeology and Planning, HMSO Torrance, L and Durden T, 2003, ‘A middle Iron Age settlement at Fairclough Farm, Bracknell, 1994’ in S Preston (ed), Prehistoric, Roman and Saxon Sites in Eastern Berkshire: Excavations 1989–97, Thames Valley Archaeol Services Monogr 2, Reading, 99–106 VCH, 1923, A History of Berkshire, iii, London Williams, A and Martin, G H, 2002, Domesday Book, A complete Translation, London

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APPENDIX 1: Historic Environment Records within a 750 m search radius of the development site

No HER Ref Grid Ref (SU) Type Period Comment 1 MBF605 86600 68500 Site Neolithic Flint working floor 2 MBF 811 873 678 Findspot Neolithic Waste flake 3 DBF18 8683 683 Barrow Bronze Age Bill Hill: bowl barrow MBF590 SM 12077 4 ERM485 87811 68429 Evaluation Neolithic? RAF Staff College, Bracknell. Excavation Bronze Age Various occupation deposits and lime kilns Iron Age Country house Medieval Post Medieval 5 MBF600 86360 67650 Village Medieval Easthampstead village. DRM1176 8632 6760 Listed Building Post Medieval Two 17th century houses. Crowthorne Road, DRM1177 8634 6764 Church of St Michael and St Mary Magdalene 6 MBF622 86800 68400 Earthwork Medieval Enclosure? Bill Hill 7 EBF23 86420 67223 Evaluation Prehistoric Church Hill House, Workhouse/ Hospital site. ERM894 Post-medieval Prehistoric struck flint. Post-medieval pottery, gullies, MBF154 ditches, pit, posthole, lynchet. 8 ERM417 8592 6871 watching brief Negative Mill Lane/Oldbury Road, no archaeology 9 DRM1178 8645 6877 Listed Building Post Medieval Forge Cottage and Rest Harrow Cottage, both 16th DRM1184 8645 6871 century DRM1185 10 DRM1174 8731 6865 Listed Building Post Medieval Mallorys, Broad Lane, 16th century 11 DRM1180 8688 6865 Listed Buildings Post Medieval Old Bracknell House, early 18th century 12 DRM1197 8660 6752 Listed Building Post Medieval Former Farmhouse, early 17th century 13 DBF73 8700 6683 Listed Building Post Medieval South Hill Park. Built 1760, 3 buildings in parkland. MBF629 87003 66839 Park, Gardens Grade II Registered Park or Garden. 14 ERM536 86592 68385 Evaluation Negative Crowthorne Road, no archaeology 15 DRM1172 8721 6837 Listed Building Post Medieval The Horse and Groom public house, Bagshot Road. 17th century 16 DRM1175 87533 68691 Listed Building Post Medieval The Thatched Cottage, Broad Lane, 17th century 17 MBF613 84809 68786 Railway Post Medieval Wokingham - Bracknell railway line, opened 1856. 18 MBF614 88136 68601 Railway Post Medieval Bracknell - Ascot railway line, opened 1856. 19 DRM1211 8673 6797 Listed Building Modern Point Royal, 18 storey flats, landscaping, 1960s Listed buildings Grade II unless stated

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APPENDIX 2: Historic and modern maps consulted

1574 Christopher Saxton’s map of Berkshire (Fig. 2) 1607 Norden’s map of the Forest of Windsor (Fig. 3) 1610 John Speed’s map of Berkshire 1761 John Rocque’s map of Berkshire (Fig. 4) c1820 preliminary Ordnance Survey (Fig. 5) 1827 Easthamstead enclosure map (Fig. 6) 1841 Easthamstead Parish Tithe map (Fig. 7) c1875 First Edition Ordnance Survey (Fig. 8) 1899 Second Edition Ordnance Survey 1912 Ordnance Survey 1932 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 9) 1955-73 Ordnance Survey composite mapping (Fig. 10) 1986 Ordnance Survey, Pathfinder, SU 86/96, 1:25,000 2005 Ordnance Survey Explorer 160, 1:25,000

12 Slough

READING Maidenhead

17 Windsor Hungerford 69000 Thatcham Bracknell Newbury Wokingham SITE 8 9 16 18 11 10

1 4 6 3

14 15

17 Site

68000 19

2

5

7 12

67000

13

SU86000 87000 BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 1. Location of site within Bracknell and Berkshire.

Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Explorer 160 at 1:12500. Ordnance Survey Licence 100025880 Approximate location of site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 2. Location of site on Saxton’s map of Berkshire, c1575 Approximate location of site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 3. Norden’s map of Windsor Forest, 1607. Approximate location of site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 4. Rocque’s map of Berkshire, 1761. Approximate location of Site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 5. Preliminary Ordnance Survey, c1820 Site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 6. Extract of the enclosure map of Easthamstead, 1827 N

Site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 7. Extract of the Easthamstead Parish Tithe map, 1841 Site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory |Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 8. Location of site on Ordnance Survey 1st Edition, c1875 Site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 9. Location of site on Ordnance Survey, 1932 Site

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 10. Location of site on Ordnance Survey, 1955-73 68300

68200

Site

68100

68000

SU86800 86900 87000

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 11. Current Ordnance Survey

Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital at 1:2500. Ordnance Survey Licence 100025880 N

BSB 09/19 Brackenhale School, Rectory Road, Easthampstead, Bracknell, Berkshire, 2009 An archaeological desk-based assessment

Figure 12. Development proposal. Not to scale