Es War Einmal in Amerika

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Es War Einmal in Amerika Es war einmal in Amerika Comic | Julian Voloj/Claudia Ahlering: Ghetto Brother Der Comic ›Ghetto Brothers‹ zeichnet anhand des Wirkens von Benjamin Melendez jene Geschichte nach, die den Grundstein für die Pionierleistungen der ersten Hip-Hop Akteure legte. Von CRISTIAN NEUBERT »Im Fernsehen sah ich mal Bilder vom zerbombten Dresden. (…) Die South Bronx war wie Dresden. Und wir waren die Könige dieses Trümmerhaufens.« Diese Worte stammen von Benjamin »Yello Benji«Melendez. Als Sohn puerto-ricanischer Einwanderer kam er 1963 nach New York. Auf den Straßen hatten die Gangs das Sagen, in der Bronx und in Harlem gab es etwa 100 davon, insgesamt zählten sie über 10.000 Mitglieder. Auch Melendez suchte deren Nähe, wurde zunächst Mitglied der Cofon Cats. Als 14-jähriger gründete er mit seinen Brüdern jedoch seine eigene Gang: Die Ghetto Brothers. Sie lernte von den Besten: Wie bei den Hells Angels zierten Aufnäher die Kutten der Mitglieder; die Gang- Insignien – drei Mülltonnen – einfach aufzumalen, erschien nicht martialisch genug. Natürlich lernten sie auch von der Straße selbst: Die Ghetto Brothers scheuten keine Auseinandersetzung, setzte aber auch auf Koalitionsabkommen. Und als Heroin die Bronx zu überschwemmen drohte, vertrieb Melendez mit seiner Gefolgschaft die Dealer. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt zählten die Ghetto Brothers rund 2.000 Mitglieder allein in der Bronx. In den Straßen der Bronx Rassengrenzen spielten zunächst keine große Rolle in den Gangs, vielmehr ging es um die Herkunft der Mitglieder innerhalb der Gang-Territorien. Als es dennoch zur Spaltung zwischen Puerto-Ricanern und Afroamerikanern kam, wirkte Yello Benjy dem entgegen, indem er einen freundschaftlichen Kontakt zu Jospeh Matumaini pflegte, einem Black Panther-Mitglied, der Aufklärungsarbeit leistete hinsichtlich Bildung und Gesundheitsversorgung. Er impfte Melendez ein, dass die Konflikte zwischen den Gangs das eigentliche Problem verdränge: Die Tatsache, einer unterdrückten Schicht anzugehören. Das Umdenken führte z.B. dazu, nicht nur »Warlords«, also Kriegsminister zu beschäftigen, sondern auch einen Friedensminister. Doch als dieser, Black Benji, einen Waffenstillstand zwischen den Ghetto Brothers, den Mongols, den Seven Immortals und den Black Spades arrangieren wollte, empfing man ihn mit Fäusten und Stöcken, im Krankenhaus erlag er seinen Verletzungen. Die Spirale der Gewalt schien unaufhaltsam. Yello Benji jedoch vollbrachte etwas bis dahin nie Dagewesenes: Er berief ein Treffen mit den zwölf einflussreichsten Gangs ein, in dessen Verlauf ein Es war einmal in Amerika Waffenstillstand beschlossen wurde. Frieden dem Krieg Das Treffen – es fand am 8.12.71 im Boys and Girls Club in der Hoe Avenue statt – wurde polizeilich überwacht und von zahlreichen Reportern und Sozialarbeitern begleitet. Es legte den Grundstein für das, was kurze Zeit später als Hip Hop gedeihen konnte. Die Gangs gelobten eine Abkehr von der Gewalt. Stattdessen organisierten sie Proteste, Partys und kulturelle Veranstaltungen. Das, was der geneigte Hip Hopper als Jam kennt, fand in dieser Stimmung seinen Ursprung: Der Warlord der Black Spades rief seine Gang zur Universal Zulu Nation aus – und wurde als Afrika Bambaataa zum berühmtesten DJ des Bronx River Projects, und bald schon weit darüber hinaus. Auch im Westen der Bronx stiegen plötzlich angesagte Partys, initiiert vom ehemaligen Cofon Cats-Member Clive Campbell. Unter seinem Alias DJ Kool Herc ist auch dieser heute weltberühmt. ›Ghetto Brothers‹ zeichnet jene Geschichte nach, die den Grundstein für die Pionierleistungen der ersten Hip- Hop Akteure legte – und macht insofern Melendez selbst zum Hip-Hop Pionier. Man merkt, dass der in Münster geborene und in New York lebende Fotograf Julian Voloj sich für sein Comic-Szenario lange und ausführlich mit Melendez unterhalten hat. Und indem die Illustratorin Claudia Ahlering bei ihrem ersten Comic-Langprojekt auf krakelige, unfertig anmutende Bilder setzt, erscheint das vor Augen geführte Szenario umso intensiver. Die Zeichnungen wirken, als hätte jemand die historischen Geschehnisse vor Ort mitskizziert. Da verzeiht man ihr gerne, dass die Proportionen hin und wieder mal nicht stimmen. ›Ghetto Brothers‹ ist das Porträt eines Mannes, einer Stadt, einer Stimmung, einer Ära, gleichzeitig aber auch mehr als das. Er nimmt seinen Hauptprotagonisten als kompletten Menschen ernst – als Menschen, der auf der Suche nach seiner Identität ist. Und diese ist, soviel sei abschließend noch verraten, bei aller Gewalt und Aussichtslosigkeit eng an das Aufspüren seiner jüdischen Wurzeln geknüpft. | CHRISTIAN NEUBERT Titelangaben Julian Voloj (Text)/Claudia Ahlering (Zeichnungen): Ghetto Brother Berlin: Avant Verlag 2015 128 Seiten, 19,95 Euro Reinschauen | Leseprobe.
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