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I; If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. • \" .' ,'. < ",' - " ~' .... , .. , .. .. ;< - .. j .~. ~. Ii ~\{ilrl·-"a ~ .. ~. .. , . , " i It ... ' ~~. \ \ a ", l \ . _.' .-1. , ... ' ~ . -' . , , " , , ',' .. , '. ,'.'. I ;...., rt-l .. ,1 '.: (!. ,l.Lj tSlC\.. ' .... " " 1!ew York (Stat~ Assembly iNf:W YORK ST ATE lI~RARY This microfiche was produced from documents received for PerryB. Duryea; Speaker M~.R 2 41975 inclusion in the NCJRS data base. Since NCJRS cannot exercise GOVE Rl'tN\ENTDOi...U M2I'.tjL~ control over the physical condition of the documents submitted, ~ i . ,?­ tha individual frame quality will vary. The resolution chart on . ! this frame may be used to evaluate the document quality. ' .. " " ' . ~.. ~ .. :.. ," " ~ . -', . .:.. .. .- ""i'" .. ". :' ...... " ··.... f .. •• ~.!:.. • " .,'. #' 2 5 " .... .' '. I. 0 ~~ Illps 11111 . ," .•". oO-!,.. '; • 32 - ...... t'g 11111 2.2 .~.. -... : " . .. n~6 Ilill.~,I~ . .... I- ~~~•• 't { ..~ ~ •• I 1.1 L i~ I::::i~: .. ,. ~ ..... ...... .., .,; . ..~. - ;. '" '~~-.' .:... ~ ..:>:", ".~'.~'~' 111111.25 111111.4 \\\\\1.6 ~;':'~ ~r .... - .. .... ... .. ~,': ... ~~~.' . '" . :" ~ ,'. .... :- .:.. _ .. .. " . .;.,. ",,"" .. t MICROCOPY RESOL'mON TEST CHARl ~ .. .... .. .. ~ .' ... NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS·1963·A ........ , , " ' ... '.. ',or"l"-' . ' • .. ""'" .. <~- -< .. ~. : .: ...~ .• '. t ., '\ ,. ", ~', ' '. .... • ..*., - .. ". " '" .... .... -' " , Microfilming procedures used to crea-te this fiche comply with I; " .. _ Study Report rJo.l " j)t • . J. '" :.. ': ~ .... the standards set forth ~n 41CFR 101·11.504 .•.. ;. Subcommiitlls Oil tha Fainily Gourt .... July 1974' . .' ~ .': Points of view or opinions stated in this document are .. ' '.. .', . ~ ....... ' those of the author[sj and do not represent the official >' . • ~ ," ~. ••• • ~... I. ~,·:~t;..··.· :.~:,> .. , .' '. t , position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. , c . '.,'. , "; .. ..... Assemb!yman Alfred A. DelliBovi ' ~ . ." .' , .. , ' . ' , '. Chairman "j • .. ..... '.' ... '. ,:: ,..... " . ":. ~ ... ',. e-- .~ r ~., ,...... • ~ " U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ~ Assemblywoman Rosem<lI'Y R. Gunni~g .. .. ......... , ~ ~ , Assemb,lyman Anthony G. DiFalco .." . ~ , . ' LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION \ . " , , , . NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE •• -, ~ Douglas 'j. Besharov ' . WASHINGTON, D.C. 20531 ~ ~ Counsel _ \ . , ..... .......z- .' . ' .. , 7/9/76 ...... ' . , ;'" .. , , . , I , • .~ J .,, 'INTRODUCTION THE' RESURGENCE OF YOUTH GANGS IN NEW YORK CITY .,.:~ Conc~~ned over reports of increased gang violence, the 20,000 youths are now estimated to belong to 315 New York State Assembly Subcommittee on the Family Court under- gangs in the City of New York. City agencies predict further 'J took a study of youth gangs in order to determine the ~cope increases in youthful gang activity. " .'"",- of ·the proble·:n and the adequacy of the response of public agen- Youth gangs and youth violence were prevalent i~ New ~".J:.. cies. York during the 1950's. By the early 60's, however, gang ~1;,: As part of its investigation, the Subcommittee held activity disappeared. City agencies offer no conclusive " . a series of Executive Sessions (the transcript of the November explanation for this disappearance but it appears that heroin :;.iJ~~ 30, 1973 session may be found in Appendix B). In additon, a addiction and the military draft for Viet Nam were major questionnaire was sent to the appropriate City agencies to factors. It may be noteworthy that many of the neighborhoods ~.~~' .-: learn what they know about the problem and \vha t they are doing where gang activity flourished were demolished under urban r about it., (The questionnaire, a copy of which may be found renewal programs. in. Appendix C, was sent to the New York City Addiction Services In 1971, the police department first noted the re- Agency, the New York City Board of Education, the Nei,v York Ci ty surg~Il:ce of youth gangs. !~ - The first recorded act of gang Department of Social Services, the New York City Police Depart~ killing occured on May 10, 1971, when a fifteen year old ~~.i".- ~.... -~~ ment, and the New York City Youth Services Administration.) was stabbed to death during a gang fight in St. Mary's t;"'~f' This report is the first in a series dealing with Park in the South Bronx. From the South Bronx, this latest ra;~; 1) the scope of the problem of gang activity in New York City, gang movement spread within a year to Manhattan, then to .l, .',. '~&,'- •. 2) the organization and membership of youth gangs, and 3) the Brooklyn, and finally to Queens. The police state there City's response to youel gangs.' After completion and pub- are no gangs in the borough of Richmond at the present l;~' '~ ," ~Dl:. J c,, lication of the third report, the Subcommi ttee \-,ill hold pub- time. d.:.~ :" lic hearings . Just as there is no definitive explanation for I This report was prepared by Thomas H. McDonald, Jr. the disappearance of gangs, so, too, there is no apparent .. m with the assistance of Jose D. Alfaro and Douglas J. Besharov, explanation for their reappearance and resurgence. t , Counsel to the Subcommittee. 'lOll ...." (", ~. ': \-.:- July 1974 Hon. Alfred A Delli Bovi bIl':'~ Chairman, New York State Assembly Subcommittee on th Family Court 2 ~ 1 --------------------------------- :;i'.. , • ;'.~ The police divide gang membership into two catagories: The police classify gangs into three types: "- :~,!+l "Verified" members: Youths for whom the police ~ Fighting gangs: have a name and address, which engage in II substan- ., ~ \ 1 which may be obtained from tiated" armed conflict \,lith' arrest records, school re- other gangs or members of the ~ . .. ~u. ~ po~ts, community youth community, agencies and from private };.~I" ~, ~-I4 Delinquent 'gangs: which engage in "substan- 1 citizens, and tiated" extortion, robbery . -~. r I ~ LJ "Allegedll members: Unnamed youths whom the and other criminal acts, and police suspect to be gang '~;''''''.. .J. Marginal gangs: '-'~l'" which the police suspect are members but as yet have not 1I1ikely" to become Fighting 1. :.:::.t. obtained any information on. ~ or Delinquent gangs but have -~t","'''>: The p'olice have "verified" 8, 000 of the 20, 000 estimated gang not yet been linked to specific ... ~ members. criminal acts. ... - ..I. L1 City agencies ~eport that the majority of gang ac­ More than half of all gangs are Fighting gangs • tivity is centered in the South Bronx where nearly half of Police further subdivide Fighting gangs into "Adventure" the estimated 20,000 gang members reside. gangs, engaged in violence for thrills and status, and The agencies which responded to the questionnaire ;~ IIDefensive" gangs, formed for mutual protection against I, belive that the overwhelming maj?rity of gang members are real or imagined threats. The overwhelming majority of :l1~A.... ':::~ "Black, Puerto Rican and male." However, there are many Fighting gangs are "Adventurell gangs. Asian gangs on the lower East side of Manhattan, and white ~ 6 gangs in Queens and Brooklyn. ~\ bJ ~. 6fil~~~ 3 4 ,"';I ~~~j ~"~, Police statistics on youth gangs by type of gang and it.;~,...... by alleged and verified membership within each borough is: Police department statistics show that in 1973 '-;.;(~ l.:t!? there was an average of 37 gang incident and 62 arrests per ... Gangs '.;:, .. week which accounted for the following gang related arrests: :"~v~· '..1(1<, ~ 'MembershiE Borough FightinCJ. Marginal Del. Total Alleged Verified Bronx 87 1973 25 0 112 9519 3813 CITY-WIDE GANG ARRESTS Man. 35 15 5 55 2330 1261 Bklyn 41 59 0 100 5024 1828 Queens 13 32 3 48 2630 1159 Richmond 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 17.6 131 *Youth Dis. Con. "8 315 19503 8061 Gang Attempted Serious Dangerous Riot Borou~h Homicides Huroer Robbery ~ Assault WeaEons Unlaw. Assem. KidnaEoing: Bronx 13 25 176 45 165 288 273 13 However, there are indications that Police figures may Manhattan 5 18 165 4 50 116 39 0 Brooklyn 21 15 48 190- 60 89 229 1 Queens 2 6 92 5 61 87 92 1 be conservative. In Queens, for example, the Police say Total 41 64 481 73 336 580 633 15 there are 48 gangs with 2,630 members. However, Probation ~Youth Gang Homicides are complaint statistics classified by Office of Chief of Dectectives officers from the Queens Family Court report that gang activity ~., has 'increased dramatically and the real figures may be as , - ' ...; high as 4,000 members and 94 gangs. (See text of Executive Similar city-wide totals for 1972 were: Session~ p.B5 infra.) <. •.. 1972 City agencies point out that the gangs have attempted CITY-WIDE GANG ARRESTS to create a media image of being neighborhood vigilantes Dis. Con. trying to rid their communities of drug pushers and under- Attempted .' Serious Dangerous Riot Homicides Hurder Robbery Rape Assault WeaEons Unlaw. Assem. KidnaEping world criminals. City agencies maintain that, in truth, many .57 25 178 17 208 395 825 3 gangs engage in shakedowns of 'area merchants and residents, and others traffic in soft drugs such as marijuana, am- phetamines, barbiturates and cocaine. PERCENTAGE OF CHANGE IN 1973 Dis. Con. Attempted Serious Dangerous Riot Bomicides -'-Murder Robbery Rape Assault h'eapons Unlaw. Assem. KidnaEpins. -28% +256% +272% +429% +162% +147% -23% +500% 5 6 \ I 1 Unlike the gangs of the 50's, gangs of the 70's ~ Irving Anker stated that "Schools are neutral turf for the have greater access to lethal weapons. Where switchblades ,~ gangs." Other city
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