Phonological Encoding and Monitoring in Normal and Pathological Speech
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Phonological Encoding and Monitoring in Normal and Pathological Speech This book reports recent research on mechanisms of normal formulation and control in speaking and in language disorders such as stuttering, aphasia and verbal dyspraxia. The theoretical claim is that such disorders result from both deficits in a component of the language production system and interactions between this component and the system that “monitors” for errors and undertakes a corrective behaviour. In particular, the book focuses on phono- logical encoding in speech (the construction of a phonetic plan for utter- ances), on verbal self-monitoring (checking for correctness and initiating corrective action if necessary), and on interactions between these processes. Bringing together sixteen original chapters by leading international researchers, this volume represents a coherent statement of current thinking in this exciting field. The aim is to show how psycholinguistic models of normal speech processing can be applied to the study of impaired speech production. This book will prove invaluable to any researcher, student or speech therapist looking to bridge the gap between the latest advances in theory and the implications of these advances for language and speech pathology. Robert J. Hartsuiker is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University (Belgium). Roelien Bastiaanse is Professor in Neurolinguistics in the Graduate School for Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience (BCN), University of Groningen (NE). Albert Postma is Associate Professor, in the Psychological Laboratory, Utrecht University (NE). Frank Wijnen is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Linguistics, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Utrecht University (NE). Phonological Encoding and Monitoring in Normal and Pathological Speech Edited by Robert J. Hartsuiker, Roelien Bastiaanse, Albert Postma and Frank Wijnen First published 2005 by Psychology Press 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Psychology Press 270 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10016 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Psychology Press is part of the Taylor & Francis Group Copyright © 2005 Psychology Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. This publication has been produced with paper manufactured to strict environmental standards and with pulp derived from sustainable forests. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hartsuiker, Robert J., 1968– Phonological encoding and monitoring in normal and pathological speech / Robert J. Hartsuiker . [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-84169-262-X 1. Speech disorders. 2. Linguistics. I. Title. RC423.H345 2005 616.85 ′5–dc22 2004012990 ISBN 0-203-50619-7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-59513-0 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 1-84169-262-X (Print Edition) Contents List of contributors viii Preface xi 1 Phonological encoding and monitoring in normal and pathological speech 1 ROBERT J. HARTSUIKER, ROELIEN BASTIAANSE, ALBERT POSTMA, AND FRANK WIJNEN PART I Theories and models of phonological encoding 15 2 Speech errors and word form encoding 17 GARY S. DELL AND ALBERT E. KIM 3 Spoken word planning, comprehending, and self-monitoring: Evaluation of WEAVER++ 42 ARDI ROELOFS PART II Pathologies of phonological encoding 65 4 An interactive activation account of aphasic speech errors: Converging influences of locus, type, and severity of processing impairment 67 NADINE MARTIN 5 Phonological encoding and conduction aphasia 86 DIRK-BART DEN OUDEN AND ROELIEN BASTIAANSE vi Contents 6 Phonological encoding in young children who stutter 102 KENNETH S. MELNICK, EDWARD G. CONTURE, AND RALPH N. OHDE 7 Syllables in the brain: Evidence from brain damage 119 CHRIS CODE 8 Syllable planning and motor programming deficits in developmental apraxia of speech 137 LIAN NIJLAND AND BEN MAASSEN PART III Theories and models of self-monitoring 155 9 Critical issues in speech monitoring 157 ALBERT POSTMA AND CLAUDY C. E. OOMEN 10 Listening to oneself: Monitoring speech production 167 SIEB G. NOOTEBOOM 11 Division of labor between internal and external speech monitoring 187 ROBERT J. HARTSUIKER, HERMAN H. J. KOLK, AND HEIKE MARTENSEN PART IV Self-monitoring in pathological speech 207 12 Speech monitoring in aphasia: Error detection and repair behaviour in a patient with Broca’s aphasia 209 CLAUDY C. E. OOMEN, ALBERT POSTMA, AND HERMAN H. J. KOLK 13 Stuttering as a monitoring deficit 226 NADA VASIÇ AND FRANK WIJNEN 14 Magnitude estimation of disfluency by stutterers and nonstutterers 248 MELANIE RUSSELL, MARTIN CORLEY, AND ROBIN J. LICKLEY 15 Stuttering on function words and content words: A computational test of the covert repair hypothesis 261 ROBERT J. HARTSUIKER, HERMAN H. J. KOLK, AND ROBIN J. LICKLEY Contents vii PART V Conclusions and prospects 281 16 Phonological encoding, monitoring, and language pathology: Conclusions and prospects 283 FRANK WIJNEN AND HERMAN H. J. KOLK Author index 305 Subject index 311 List of Contributors Roelien Bastiaanse, Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Chris Code, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, UK; School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Sydney, Australia. Edward G. Conture, CCC-SLP, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Martin Corley, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK. Gary S. Dell, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. Robert J. Hartsuiker, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium. Albert E. Kim, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Herman H. J. Kolk, Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Robin J. Lickley, Speech and Language Sciences, Queen Margaret University College, UK. Ben Maassen, Department of Medical Psychology, Paediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Heike Martensen, Centre for Psycholinguistics, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Nadine Martin, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Kenneth S. Melnick, CCC-SLP, Communication Sciences & Disorders Department, Worcester State College, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. Contributors ix Lian Nijland, Department of Medical Psychology, Paediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Sieb G. Nooteboom, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Ralph N. Ohde, CCC-SLP, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Claudy C. E. Oomen, Psychological Laboratory, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Dirk-Bart den Ouden, Graduate School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Albert Postma, Psychological Laboratory, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Ardi Roelofs, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics and F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Melanie Russell, Speech and Language Sciences, Queen Margaret University College, UK. Nada Vasiç, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Frank Wijnen, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Preface Sometimes we speak fluently, without any speech errors, pauses, repetitions, and so on. But on other occasions we are disfluent. This is especially so for speakers with certain speech or language pathologies such as stuttering, apraxia of speech, and aphasia. This book brings together research from various disciplines including speech-language pathology, linguistics, experi- mental psychology, and cognitive modeling. The aim is to better understand why speech is so often disfluent and whether there is continuum between “normal speech” and “pathological speech”. To do this, we test current pro- posals about the way speakers plan speech (phonological encoding) and about the way they inspect that speech is still going according to plan (self-monitoring). Our underlying assumption is that studying speech and language pathologies can inform us about normal speech planning, but that theories about normal planning can also inform us about the reasons for pathologies. This book emanates from a research programme that started in 1996 under the direction of Frank Wijnen, Albert Postma, Roelien Bastiaanse, and Herman Kolk and a subsequent grant awarded to Ben Maassen. Both grants were awarded by NWO, the Netherlands’ Organization for Scientific Research. The grant enabled Remca Burger, Nada