sign in sign up
<<
Home , Beluga (sturgeon)

Short communication: Seasonal changes of blood serum ions in Beluga ( huso) cultured in brackish water

Item Type article

Authors Alizadeh, M.; Hedayati, A.; Bahmani, M.

Download date 27/09/2021 22:43:42

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/37218 Iranian Journal of Sciences 10(3) 529-536 2011

Seasonal changes of blood serum ions in Beluga (Huso huso) Cultured in Brackish Water

Alizadeh M. *1; Hedayati A.2; Bahmani. M.3

Received: August 2010 Accepted: December 2010

1-Inland Saltwater Research Station, PO BOX: 89715-1123, Bagh, Iran 2- Khorramshahr Marine Science University, Group, Khorramshahr, Iran. 3- International Research Institute, Rasht, Iran * Corresponding author's email: [email protected] Keywords: Osmo-ion regulation, Osmolarity, Beluga, Brackish water Living (Acipenseridae) are Persian sturgeon (A. persicus), Starred representatives of the ancient group sturgeon (A. stellatus) and Beluga (Huso , which had a common origin huso) have the ability to adapt to brackish with Palaeonisci, known from the Devonian water (12-18 ppt salinity) as firm osmo- period (Krayushkina & Semenova, 2004). In regulators (Krayushkina, 1998). After spite of their freshwater origin, in their transferring from freshwater to brackish history, they occupied different salinities water, these support a blood serum and at present, they can live in both fresh osmolarity and ion concentration lower than and seawater mediums. the water ions and osmolarity in the Study of osmotic and ionic environmental medium (Amini et al., 2005). regulation in Acipenserids, that connect to The functional levels of osmoregulatory and marine conditions in different extents ion regulatory systems in these species are Downloaded from jifro.ir at 22:28 +0330 on Sunday February 11th 2018 (freshwater, diadromous brackish water, not identical. The starred sturgeon is more diadromous seawater), make it possible to than the and the establish the dependence of functional level Beluga (Krayushkina, 1998). of osmotic and ionic homeostatic The mechanism of hypo-osmotic mechanisms from medium salinity in some regulation attains the highest development in acipenserids. It was ascertained that in diadromous marine sturgeons (group 4), higher salinities, the functional level of these Short nose sturgeon (A. brevirostrum) and mechanisms increases. So investigation of Sharp snout sturgeon (A. oxyrhynchus), that osmo-ion regulation is one of the most are living in the ocean with a salinity of up important problems in the culture of to 33 ppt (Krayushkina, 1998). sturgeon in new mediums. This mechanism supports relative Diadromous sturgeons (group 3), constant serum osmolarity under wide Russian sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedtii), fluctuations of the environmental salinity.

530 Alizadeh et al., Seasonal changes of blood serum ions in Beluga ………

When environmental salinity was increased vessels using none-heparin zed syringes. during study by 1000 mOsmo/l, only about Storage, centrifuging and pipe ting of the 65-69 mOsm/l value of fish serum samples was carried out at -4 ˚C. Plasma osmolarity was increased (Allen et al., was stored at -20 ˚C. (Chebanov and Ronald, 2006). 2001). A major part of Beluga life is in The water osmolarity and salinity brackish water, so it can tolerate this were determined by OSMOMAT (through environment as a culture medium. Besides use of 10 micro liters of serum) and the use of brackish water as a new subject refractometer, respectively. Glucose was for commercial rearing (meat and ), in measured through GOD-POD method this study the osmolarity system in Beluga (Teuscher et al., 1997; Barham et al., 1972) cultured in brackish water was examined to by Auto-analyzer apparatus. define the effects of brackish water on Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing osmo-ion regulation mechanism and calcium and magnesium. Sodium and compare it to other culture mediums of this potassium were amounted by Flame valuable fish. photometry apparatus. The method for This research was carried out in Inland Salt determining cortisol was Radio Immune Water Research Station in Bafgh, Assay (RIA). The methods are initially Iran for one year. The experiments was explained by Young et al., 1983. performed in eight of 30-ton round-roofed The experiment of profiles was done cement ponds.They were equipped with a in duplicates. The SPSS software (version water distribution system and central 10) was used for statistical analyses. aeration. The required water was supplied Assignment of data correlation was done by through a semi-deep well with variable Pearson and Kendal tests. Tukey and salinity of 11-16 ppt. 75 four-year-old great Duncan tests were used to compare mean

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 22:28 +0330 on Sunday February 11th 2018 sturgeons were selected randomly with a differences. The significant differences were mean weight of about 11kg from a culturing determined in %5 level. population in a brackish water earth pond Statistical results showed no and they were transported to the cement significant correlation between serum ions ponds with five treatments and three and cortisol with osmolarity (p> 0.05) but replications per treatment. Fish were fed by only in calcium, an inverted significant BFT pellet food in protein and energy levels correlation (p>0.05) was observed (Fig. 1). of 40% and 4500 kcal/kg, respectively. An inverted significant relation of water During four sampling times at one salinity with osmolarity was also year, 4-5 cc blood was extracted from the demonstrated (sig = 0.02, r = -.0.39), so with selected fish (Barannikova et al., 2002). increase in water salinity, serum osmolarity Blood sampling was performed in caudal decreased (Fig. 2).

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(3), 2011 531

Osmolarity Calcium 290 9.2

9 285

8.8 280 8.6 275 8.4 (m osmol (m /l) 270 Calciummg/dl) ( 8.2 Osmolarity(mOsm/l)

265 8

260 7.8

Figure 1: Relationship between serum calcium and osmolarity

Osmolarity Salinity 290 16

15.5

285 15

14.5

280 14

13.5

275 13 Salinityppt) ( Osmolarity(mOsm/l) 12.5

270 12

11.5 Downloaded from jifro.ir at 22:28 +0330 on Sunday February 11th 2018 265 11

Figure 2: Relationship between water salinity and serum osmolarity

Among examined profiles, water salinity correlation which with increase of water and serum calcium had more correlation, salinity, serum osmolarity and reciprocally respectively; but they were inverted. Other blood ions and cortisol decreased (Fig 3, 4 blood ions (magnesium, sodium, potassium and 5). and glucose) and cortisol also had inverted

532 Alizadeh et al., Seasonal changes of blood serum ions in Beluga ………

Glucose Sodium 180 160

160 150

140 140

120 130 Sodium (meq/l)Sodium

Glucose (mg/dl) 100 120

80 110

60 100 Summer Fall Winter Spring

Figure 3: Exchange of serum glucose and sodium in different seasons

Calcium Magnesium Potassium

10 3

9 2.8

8 2.6

7 2.4

6 2.2

5 2

4 1.8 Potassium (meq/l)

3 1.6

2 1.4 Calcium & Magnesium (mg/dl) 1 1.2

0 1 Summer Fall Winter Spring

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 22:28 +0330 on Sunday February 11th 2018 Figure 4: Exchange of serum calcium, magnesium and potassium in different seasons

During adaptation to seawater, sturgeons ionic homeostasis. The development of have different dynamics of cortisol and ion hypo-osmotic regulation and the ability to in their blood serum (Krayushkina and change the regulation type contributed to the Semenova, 2005). The changes of these development of the diadromous mode of the parameters explain osmo-regulatory life in Acipenserids and especially Beluga. mechanisms and ion regulatory systems in So the Beluga definitely has the ability to different species of Acipenserids. grow in brackish water and could be used as The entrance of Acipenserids to sea and a proficient species in brackish water ocean waters was accompanied with the mediums. development of mechanisms of osmotic and

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(3), 2011 533

Cortisol Salinity 12 17

10 16

8 15

6 14 Salinity (ppt) Salinity 4 13 Cortisol (mcg/dl)

2 12

0 11 Summer Fall Winter Spring

Figure 5: Exchange of serum cortisol and potassium in different seasons Salinity is the stimulating factor for the serum osmolarity in fresh and brackish evolution of osmo-regulatory and ion- water (Kazemi et al., 2005). Calcium had regulatory systems in Acipenserids, so for more effects on osmolarity than other ions evaluating these systems, attention to water that confirmed the role of different species salinity is essential (Krayushkina and and environmental conditions on the Semenova, 2005). In addition, cortisol is a determination of osmolarity. key hormone for adaptation to brackish All sturgeons in one area water so measuring this hormone in to may have the same ecological conditions but investigate on osmo-regulation is important. different osmotic pressure and blood serum Cortisol passes the signal to genome of ionic concentration are observed (Kazemi et cells-target in the osmo-regulatory organ al., 2005). It seems that sturgeon (Krayushkina et al., 2005). By studying on characteristic is one of the most important osmo-ion regulation system in brood and factors to determine osmotic pressure Downloaded from jifro.ir at 22:28 +0330 on Sunday February 11th 2018 reared juvenile of Iranian sturgeon, amount and blood serum ionic persicus, it was found that concentration. In the present study, clarified osmolarity in sea, estuary and worksite Belugas are well adapted to brackish water brood is 305.29, 308.72 and 265.03 mOsm/l, and their serum osmolarity is suitable. respectively. Water osmolarity in estuaries Amini et al. (2005) showed that was fewer than seawater but serum serum osmolarity of Iranian sturgeon (A. osmolarity in estuaries was higher than in persicus), is relatively higher than water seawater. It may result in non-complete which could be due to the higher amounts of adaptation of fishes to the estuary sodium and potassium in blood than water environment. In addition, it was clarified while calcium and magnesium in blood were that by decreasing water salinity, osmolarity lower than water. In addition, they clarified increased. Magnesium and sodium had that the regulator cells development of important roles in the determination of

534 Alizadeh et al., Seasonal changes of blood serum ions in Beluga ………

osmolarity is variable and depends on fish With an increase in serum osmolarity, the age (Amini et al., 2005). number of casualties increased (Askarian et Examination of osmo-ion regulation al., 2006). Since osmolarity of Beluga in the mechanism in some immature sturgeon present study was not increased, the brackish during adaptation to hyper osmotic condition water environment can be considered as a and sea water after transition to freshwater suitable medium for culture of this species. showed that the function of homeostasis Previous studies about the effects of mechanism in various species is different. transition from freshwater to brackish water So with an increase in salinity, this in some immature sturgeons specified that mechanism will also be increased. there are a lot of differences in hormone Osmolarity of different species of sturgeons regulation for cortisol and ion homeostasis in seawater in was 263 mOsm/l, 279 in different species of sturgeon mOsm/l in Siberian sturgeon, in Russian (Krayushkina et al., 2005). sturgeon was 262 and in Beluga was 279 Osmo-regulation mechanism in different mOsm/l. During the adaptation of these species and environmental conditions species from sea water to brackish water, the (especially salinity) is different and each range of osmolarity fluctuations have been medium has unique characteristics, so in the decreased to 55.7% (147.1 mOsmo/l) for present study most correlations were related Sterlet, 18.8% (52.5 mOsm/l) and 17.8% to calcium in which an increase in salinity, (46.7 mOsm/l) for Siberian sturgeon and decreased osmolarity. Therefore, Ions and Russian sturgeon, respectively and cortisol definitely have the most effect on eventually 14.4% (40.2 mOsm/l) for Beluga osmo-regulation. (Krayushkina et al., 2005). According to the results, there was According to the results, it is demonstrated an inverted correlation between cortisol and that osmo-regulation mechanism in Beluga osmolarity that has also been confirmed in

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 22:28 +0330 on Sunday February 11th 2018 is well developed and this fish adapted well other species and conditions by other to brackish water, so the culture of Beluga in researchers. In addition, salinity, brackish water has an economic temperature, stress and other environmental justification. factors influence the serum cortisol and ions Comparing the present study with but we could not exactly compare this previous studies indicated that tolerance of profile with other results. Beluga to brackish water is better than other Since culture of Beluga in freshwater sturgeons, because their serum osmolarity mediums produces some osmotic problems was similar to osmolarity in seawater, and leads to losing energy for osmo- although environment osmolarity in brackish regulation, and also according to obtained water is lower than seawater. Mediums with results by the present study, osmo-regulation high salinity (hyper osmotic) have more mechanism in Beluga accomplishes more osmolarity than mediums with low salinity appropriately than most sturgeons,therefore, (hypo osmotic) (Allen and Joseph, 2006). culture of this species in brackish water is

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(3), 2011 535

justified economically. It seems that farming of reproductive function in fish. Beluga in mediums nearly like natural Neuroscience and Behavioral conditions such as inland brackish water physiology, 32,141-148. ponds provide less energy consumption for Chebanov, M. and Ronald, B., 2001. The growth development in this fish. culture of sturgeon in ; production of juveniles for stocking Acknowledgments and meat for human consumption. We would like to thank the personnel of Aquatic Living Resources, 14, 375- Inland Saltwater fishes Research Station– 381. Bafgh and International Research Institute of Kazemi, R., Bahmani, M., Hallajian, A., Sturgeons–Rasht for providing the necessary Pourkazemi, M. and Dejandian, S., facilities for this study. 2005. Investigation of blood serum osmo-ionregulation in brood and References reared juvenile Acipenser persicus. Allen, J. P. and Joseph, J. C., 2006. Iran. Journal of , 22, Age/size effects on juvenile green 188–192. sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, Krayushkina, L. S. and Semenova, O. G. oxygen consumption, growth, and 2005. Osmotic and ionic regulation osmoregulation in saline environments. in different species of acipenserids. Environmental Biology of Fish, 14, Journal of Ichthyology, 46(1), 108- 123-142. 119 Amini, K., Rostami, A. and Jorjani, M., Krayushkina, L. S. and Semenova, O. G., 2005. Investigation of 2004. Futures of osmotic and ionic osmoregulation system in Persian regulation in Caspian acipenserids. sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) Proceeding of the fourth released in the Gorgan River.

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 22:28 +0330 on Sunday February 11th 2018 International Iran and Russia. Proceeding of the 5th International Shahrekord-Iran, 1501-1505. Symposium on Sturgeon. Iran. pp: Krayushkina, L. S., 1998. Characteristics 230 of osmotic and ionic regulation in Askarian, F., Kousha, A. and Bahmani, marine diadromous sturgeon M., 2006. Serum osmoregulatory Acipenser brevirostrum and A. parameter of Beluga sturgeon: Effect Oxyrhynchus. Journal of of different light regimes. AQUA Ichthyology, 38, 660-668. 2006. Florence, Italy. Fish Hatchery Krayushkina, L. S., Semenova, O. G. and and Juveniles.World Aquaculture Vyushina, A. V., 2005. Level of Society abstract data. 646 p. serum cortisol and Na/K ATP-ase Barannikova, I. A., Dyubin, V. P., activity of gill and kidneys in Bayunova L. V. and Semenkova, different species of acipenserids. T. B., 2002. Steroids in the control Journal of Ichthyology, 22, 182-187.

536 Alizadeh et al., Seasonal changes of blood serum ions in Beluga ………

Young, G., Crim, L. W. and Kambegawa, with plasma gonadotropin and in vitro A., 1983. Plasma DHA levels during production by ovarian follicles. General sexual maturation of amago and Comparative Endocrinology, 51, (Onchorhynchus rhodurus): correlation 96-105.

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 22:28 +0330 on Sunday February 11th 2018