DOCSLIB.ORG

Caste Discrimination Against India's “Untouchables”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Caste Discrimination Against India's “Untouchables” Hidden Apartheid was produced as a “shadow report” to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), in advance of its February 2007 consideration of a report by the government of India. CERD is a body of independent experts responsible for monitoring states’ compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. India ratified the Convention in 1968. The Convention guarantees rights of non-discrimination on the basis of “race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin.” In 1996, CERD concluded that the plight of Dalits falls squarely under the prohibition of descent-based discrimination. As a state party to the Convention, India is obliged to submit periodic reports detailing its implementation of rights guaranteed under the Convention. During the review session CERD examines these reports and engages in constructive dialogue with the state party, addressing its concerns and offering recommendations in the form of “Concluding Observations.” As part of this process, CERD uses supplementary or alternative information contained in non-governmental organization “shadow reports” to effectively evaluate states’ reports. The India report being considered by CERD in February 2007 (the report was more than eight years overdue when it was submitted) covers more than a decade of India’s compliance with the Convention (from 1996 to 2006) yet does not contain a single mention of abuses against Dalits—abuses that India’s own governmental agencies have documented and verified. This report fills that gap and presents CERD members with information that we believe is essential to a fair assessment of India’s record and, ultimately, to encouraging the government to live up to its treaty obligations. February 2007 Volume 19, No. 3 (C) Hidden Apartheid Caste Discrimination against India’s “Untouchables” Glossary............................................................................................................................. 1 I. Summary List of the Critical Issues Pertaining to India’s Periodic Report to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination ................................................................2 Article 1 ......................................................................................................................... 3 Article 2......................................................................................................................... 4 Article 3......................................................................................................................... 7 Article 4......................................................................................................................... 7 Article 5.........................................................................................................................8 Article 6........................................................................................................................15 Article 7.......................................................................................................................16 II. Authors of the Report ....................................................................................................17 III. Scope of the Report ..................................................................................................... 19 Sources Used in this Report.........................................................................................20 Availability of Information from the Government of India.............................................. 21 IV. Response to India’s denial of ICERD’s prohibition of discrimination on the basis of caste .................................................................................................................................22 V. Article 2: States Parties’ obligation to end caste-based discrimination.........................26 A. Condemn caste discrimination and undertake to pursue by all appropriate means a policy of eliminating caste discrimination ...................................................... 26 B. Ensure the development and protection of certain groups or individuals belonging to them ............................................................................................ 38 VI. Article 3: Prevent, prohibit and eradicate caste-based segregation ............................. 45 A. Segregated housing colonies for Dalits............................................................. 45 B. Segregation in relief camps .............................................................................. 46 C. Segregation in schools ..................................................................................... 46 D. Segregation in public life.................................................................................. 46 VII. Article 4: Eradicate propaganda inciting caste-based discrimination ........................ 47 VIII. Article 5: Eliminate caste-based discrimination in the enjoyment of Fundamental Rights ...................................................................................................................... 49 A. Duty to ensure the right to equal treatment of Dalits before organs administering justice .............................................................................................................. 50 B. Ensure Dalits’ right to security of person and protection by the State against violence or bodily harm, whether inflicted by government officials or by any individual group or institution .......................................................................... 56 C. Ensure Dalits’ political rights ............................................................................ 64 D. Ensure Dalits’ other civil rights..........................................................................66 E. Ensure Dalits’ economic, social and cultural rights ...........................................80 F. Ensure Dalits’ right of access to any place or service intended for use by the general public ................................................................................................ 100 IX. Article 6: Assure effective protection and remedies against acts of caste-based discrimination.........................................................................................................107 X. Article 7: Adopt educational measures to combat caste-based prejudices .............. 109 A. Textbook and curricula in public and private schools distort the caste problem in India............................................................................................................... 109 B. Inadequate media representation of Dalit issues and lack of Dalit journalists ..110 XI. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 111 Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................112 Appendix I .......................................................................................................................113 Glossary BJP: Bharatiya Janata Party CEDAW Committee: Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women CERD: Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination CHR: Commission on Human Rights CHRGJ: Center for Human Rights and Global Justice FIR: First Information Report ICERD: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination NCDHR: National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights NGO: Non-governmental organization NHRC: National Human Rights Commission POTA: Prevention of Terrorism Act 2002 UN: United Nations VHP: Vishwa Hindu Prashad (World Hindu Council) 1 I. Summary List of the Critical Issues Pertaining to India’s Periodic Report to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Human Rights Watch and the Center for Human Rights and Global Justice (CHRGJ) at New York University School of Law submit the following information to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (Committee or CERD) for consideration in its review of India’s fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth periodic reports under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Convention or ICERD). This joint-submission is based on in-depth Human Rights Watch investigations on caste discrimination in India and the findings of Indian governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on caste-based abuses. Discriminatory and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment of over 165 million people in India has been justified on the basis of caste. Caste is descent-based and hereditary in nature. It is a characteristic determined by one’s birth into a particular caste, irrespective of the faith practiced by the individual. Caste denotes a traditional system of rigid social stratification into ranked groups defined by descent and occupation. Caste divisions in India dominate in housing, marriage, employment, and general social interaction—divisions that are reinforced through the practice and threat of social ostracism, economic boycotts, and physical violence. This report focuses on the practice of “untouchability”—the imposition of social disabilities on persons by reason of their birth in certain castes. This practice relegates Dalits, or so-called untouchables (known in Indian legal parlance as scheduled castes), to a lifetime of discrimination, exploitation and violence,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Slicreproductiverightsbook-Fifth Proof.Indd
    CLAIMING DIGNITY: REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS & THE LAW Human Rights Law Network CLAIMING DIGNITY: REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS & THE LAW Human Rights Law Network Human Rights Law Network’s Vision • To protect fundamental human rights, increase access to basic resources for marginalised communities, and eliminate discrimination. • To Create a justice delivery system that is accessible, accountable, transparent, and effi cient and affordable, and works for the underpriviledged. • Raise the level of pro-bono legal experience for the poor to make the work uniformly competent as well as compassionate. • Professionally train a new generation of public interest lawyers and paralegals who are comfortable in the world of law as well as in social movements and who lean from such movements to refi ne legal concepts and strategies. CLAIMING DIGNITY: REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS & THE LAW Introduction by: Kerry McBroom Compiled and Edited by Cheryl Blake © Socio Legal Information Centre ISBN : 81-89479-84-9 January 2013 Design: Cover Photo Credit : Emily Schneider Cover Design : Karla Torres Printed by: Shivam Sundram Published by: Human Rights Law Network (HRLN) A division of Socio Legal Information Centre 576 Masjid Road, Jangpura New Delhi 110014 India Ph: +91-1124379855/56 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.hrln.org Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily the views of HRLN. Every effort has been made to avoid errors, ommissions, and innacuracies. HRLN takes sole responsibility for any remaining errors, ommissions or inaccuracies that may remain. Note on Footnote: The authors have employed a simple and straight-forward formatting style to maximize the usability of the sources cited.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Anti-Nationals” RIGHTS Arbitrary Detention and Torture of Terrorism Suspects in India WATCH
    India HUMAN The “Anti-Nationals” RIGHTS Arbitrary Detention and Torture of Terrorism Suspects in India WATCH The “Anti-Nationals” Arbitrary Detention and Torture of Terrorism Suspects in India Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-735-3 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org February 2011 ISBN 1-56432-735-3 The “Anti-Nationals” Arbitrary Detention and Torture of Terrorism Suspects in India Map of India ............................................................................................................. 1 Summary ................................................................................................................. 2 Recommendations for Immediate Action by the Indian Government .................. 10 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 12 I. Recent Attacks Attributed to Islamist and Hindu Militant Groups .......................
    [Show full text]
  • Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010) Elaisha Nandrajog Claremont Mckenna College
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2010 Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010) Elaisha Nandrajog Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Nandrajog, Elaisha, "Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010)" (2010). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 219. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/219 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE HINDUTVA AND ANTI-MUSLIM COMMUNAL VIOLENCE IN INDIA UNDER THE BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY (1990-2010) SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR RODERIC CAMP AND PROFESSOR GASTÓN ESPINOSA AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY ELAISHA NANDRAJOG FOR SENIOR THESIS (Spring 2010) APRIL 26, 2010 2 CONTENTS Preface 02 List of Abbreviations 03 Timeline 04 Introduction 07 Chapter 1 13 Origins of Hindutva Chapter 2 41 Setting the Stage: Precursors to the Bharatiya Janata Party Chapter 3 60 Bharat : The India of the Bharatiya Janata Party Chapter 4 97 Mosque or Temple? The Babri Masjid-Ramjanmabhoomi Dispute Chapter 5 122 Modi and his Muslims: The Gujarat Carnage Chapter 6 151 Legalizing Communalism: Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act (2002) Conclusion 166 Appendix 180 Glossary 185 Bibliography 188 3 PREFACE This thesis assesses the manner in which India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has emerged as the political face of Hindutva, or Hindu ethno-cultural nationalism. The insights of scholars like Christophe Jaffrelot, Ashish Nandy, Thomas Blom Hansen, Ram Puniyani, Badri Narayan, and Chetan Bhatt have been instrumental in furthering my understanding of the manifold elements of Hindutva ideology.
    [Show full text]
  • FIGHT to Award Winner
    MUSKAN SHOWS THE LIGHT INTERVIEWING DAWOOD LAWLESS LAW STUDENT Sightless youngster encourages youth How a journalist missed meeting the Don Colleges for education, not violence NOVEMBER 2017 `100 VOLUME I ISSUE 4 SPECIAL Lalu Prasad Yadav Vasundhara Raje Arvind Kejriwal Anil Baijal V K Sasikala Interview with Colin Gonsalves Right Livelihood FIGHT TO Award winner Rajasthan Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje’s safety valve Bill boomerangs; Delhi Chief MinisterTHE Arvind Kejriwal in last mile battleFINISH with Lieutenant-Governor in Supreme Court; and, Chief Justice of India wants a speedy trial of tainted netas LEGAL NOTES LEGAL NOTES ONE-ON-ONE ONE-ON-ONE placed, or innocent men put behind the bars in You have taken keen interest in legal battles the name of ‘love jihad’ or terrorism. ranging from the right to food to securing ‘Current phase in India’s history is as compensation for farmers and acid attack You are known to be a fighter for the rights of victims. the poor and the underprivileged for decades, It is my passion that keeps me moving forward dark as the Emergency’ setting many legal precedents in the process. despite resistance from various quarters. These The 65-year-old Senior Supreme Court Advocate Colin Gonsalves has been chosen for When did you start thinking of these people? movements take a big toll on an individual’s life. the prestigious 2017 Right Livelihood Award, widely known as ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’ I was a civil engineering student at the Indian For the Right to Food case, I went to the court Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductiverights.Org…
    LITIGATING REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS: Using Public Interest Litigation and International Law to Promote Gender Justice in India Center for Reproductive Rights 120 Wall Street New York, New York 10005 www.reproductiverights.org [email protected] Avani Mehta Sood Bernstein International Human Rights Fellow Yale Law School [email protected] © 2006 Center for Reproductive Rights Avani Mehta Sood Any part of this report may be copied, translated, or adapted with permission of the Center for Reproductive Rights or Avani Mehta Sood, provided that the parts copied are distributed free or at cost (not for profit), that they are identified as having appeared originally in a Cen- ter for Reproductive Rights publication, and that Avani Mehta Sood is acknowledged as the author. Any commercial reproduction requires prior written permission from the Center for Reproductive Rights or Avani Mehta Sood. The Center for Reproductive Rights and Avani Mehta Sood would appreciate receiving a copy of any materials in which information from this report is used. ISBN: 1-890671-34-7 978-1-890671-34-1 page 2 Litigating Reproductive Rights About this Report This publication was authored by Avani Mehta Sood, J.D., as a Bernstein International Human Rights Fellow working in collaboration with the Center for Reproductive Rights. The Robert L. Bernstein Fellowship in International Human Rights is administered by the Orville H. Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights at Yale Law School. In 2004, the Center for Reproductive Rights launched a global litigation campaign to promote the use of strategic litigation for the advancement of women’s reproductive rights worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Respondent College Wise Situation of Campus Democracy
    1 2 Acknowledgements esearch Associate Madhu S led this study under the guidance of D Dhanuraj and Prasant Jena. Special thanks to Lakshmi Ramamurthy for R undertaking the data analysis and graphical representation. Gincy Jose and Archana Gayen for editing and formatting, Prof K C Abraham Jiyad K.M, Jithin Paul Varghese, Saritha Varma and Shahnaz for their valuable contribution require a sincere acknowledgement. We extend sincere regards to the LYF core team which was instrumental in designing the study -- Yavnika Khanna, Swati Chawla, Rajan Kumar Singh, Shabi Hussain, Jasmine Jose and Ranjan Baruah. We also extend our sincere appreciation to Nupur Hasija, Saurabh Sharma, Manali Shah and Dr. Parth Shah for their constant support and well wishes. We sincerely thank all the educational institutions which cooperated and provided us the details for the successful completion of the study. We extend our gratitude to all the faculty members and management teams of respondent institutions for helping us with the Study, specifically Dr Soumanyetra Munshi, Assistant Professor at Indian Institute for Management Bangalore for her write- up. Special thanks to Anoop Awasthi (for his valuable contribution on Delhi University elections), Dileep V of Deogiri College, Aurangabad; Mahesh R of Delhi University; Abhinav Pratap Singh of Lucknow University, Richard Haloi of Nagaland, Ratheesh K of Guwahati University and Abin Thomas of Hyderabad University. We are grateful to our reviewers, Mohit Satyanand, Anjana Neira Dev, Nita N Kumar, Rita Sinha and Sumati Panniker. We extend our sincere gratitude to the teams at Liberal Youth Forum, Civitas Consultancy and Frederich Naumann Foundation who supported, ideated conceptualized and carried out the study.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018, Four Senior Most Judges of the Supreme Court, Namely Justice
    Rebellion in the Supreme Court By N.T.Ravindranath, dated 12-03-2018 On January 12th, 2018, four senior most judges of the Supreme Court, namely justice Chelameshwar, Ranjan Gogoi, Joseph Kurian and Madan Lokur stunned the people of India by openly revolting against the Chief Justice of India and conducting a press conference in Delhi accusing CJI Deepak Mishra of selective allocation of important cases for hearing to junior judges in an improper and inappropriate manner. Allocation of cases to different benches is the sole prerogative of the Chief Justice of India. Many important cases have been allocated to junior judges in the past and there is nothing unusual or unfair about it. The four dissident judges claim that all judges are equals and that the chief justice is only the first among the equals. On the other hand, contradicting their own assertion, they refuse to treat their own junior judges as their equals. Thus, their allegations against the chief justice Deepak Mishra can be seen as baseless and without any merit. Hence, the open mutiny staged by the four rebel judges is highly condemnable. This episode has not cast any shadow of doubt on the reputation and credibility of CJI Deepak Mishra. On the contrary, it is the four rebel judges who now stand exposed as crooks by their open expression of frustration and anger over non-allocation of certain cases of their interest to them. Their open revolt has only helped to expose their undue interest in getting certain cases allocated to them for their own vested interests which has raised questions about the impartiality and credibility of the Supreme Court.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat
    Genocide in Gujarat The Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat Coalition Against Genocide March 02, 2005 Genocide in Gujarat The Sangh Parivar, Narendra Modi, and the Government of Gujarat Contents Gujarat: Narendra Modi and State Complicity in Genocide---------------------------------------------------3 * Under Narendra Modi’s leadership, between February 28 and March 02, 2002, more than 2,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed in Gujarat, aided and abetted by the state, following which 200,000 were internally displaced. * The National Human Rights Commission of India held that Narendra Modi, as the chief executive of the state of Gujarat, had complete command over the police and other law enforcement machinery, and is such responsible for the role of the Government of Gujarat in providing leadership and material support in the politically motivated attacks on minorities in Gujarat. * Former President of India, K. R. Narayanan, stated that there was a “conspiracy” between the Bharatiya Janata Party governments at the Centre and in the State of Gujarat behind the riots of 2002. * According to independent human rights observers, the events in Gujarat meet the legal definition of genocide. The Sangh Parivar: Narendra Modi’s Inspiration---------------------------------------------------------------7 * Narendra Modi was a functionary of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist organization. * Nazi and fascistic ideologies motivated founding ideologues of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a Hindu nationalist organization. * Modi has incorporated the teachings of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in his governance of Gujarat. Gujarat: Continuing Violence --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 * Following the events of February 27-March 02, 2002, the Government of Gujarat was grossly and willfully negligent in providing necessary support, security, relief, resettlement and rehabilitation measures to the victims.
    [Show full text]
  • The Experiences of Dalit Students and Faculty in One Elite University in India an Exploratory Study
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Experiences of Dalit Students and Faculty in one Elite University in India An Exploratory Study Ovichegan, Samson Keyghobad Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to: Share: to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 06. Nov. 2017 This electronic theses or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Title: The Experiences of Dalit Students and Faculty in one Elite University in India: An Exploratory Study Author: Samson Ovichegan The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement.
    [Show full text]
  • Emulating Excellence Takeaways for Replication
    Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Government of India CONTENT Preface 6 6 Pradhan Mantri Krishi 79 Sinchayee Yojana 1 Pradhan Mantri Fasal 9 Introduction Bima Yojana Best Practices for Replication Introduction Suggestions for Effective Implementation Best Practices for Replication Case Studies Suggestions for Effective Implementation Case Studies 7 Stand-up India 93 Introduction 2 Promoting Digital Payments 23 Best Practices for Replication Introduction Suggestions for Effective Implementation Best Practices for Replication Case Studies Suggestions for Effective Implementation Case Studies 8 Startup India 107 Introduction 3 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana 37 Best Practices for Replication Introduction Suggestions for Effective Implementation Best Practices for Replication Case Studies Suggestions for Effective Implementation Case Studies 9 Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram 125 Jyoti Yojana 4 Deen Dayal Upadhyaya 57 Introduction Grameen Kaushalya Yojana Best Practices for Replication Introduction Suggestions for Effective Implementation Best Practices for Replication Case Studies Suggestions for Effective Implementation Case Studies 5 e–National Agriculture Market 67 Introduction Best Practices for Replication Suggestions for Effective Implementation Case Studies 1. PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA Priority Programme for Prime Minister’s Awards 2017 and 2018 PMFBY | PMFBY | 1.1 INTRODUCTION Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is a crop The focus areas with regards to
    [Show full text]
  • Symposium on Legal Support for Accessing Transgender Rights
    Meeting Report SYMPOSIUM ON LEGAL SUPPORT FOR ACCESSING TRANSGENDER RIGHTS New Delhi February 14, 2018 Human Rights Law Network 576, Masjid Road, Jangpura New Delhi- 110014 ABBREVIATIONS F to M/F-M/FTM Female to Male HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ID Identity Cards IPC Indian Penal Code LGBTQ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer MA Master of Arts MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MHA Ministry of Home Affairs M to F/M-F/MTF Male to Female MSJE Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Report NALSA National Legal Services Authority NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NLUP New Land Use Policy NSAP National Social Assistance Programme OBC Other Backward Classes PhD Doctor of Philosophy POCSO Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act RSBY Rashtriya Swasthiya Bima Yojana RTE Right to Education SC Schedule Caste SRS Sexual Reassignment Surgery ST Scheduled Tribe TG Transgender Trans Transgender US/USA United States of America 2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Gender Gender is an internal sense of one's self with regards to being "male,""female," both or neither regardless of one's physical sex. Although "gender" is commonly misused to refer to the sexual distinction between males and females, it should not be viewed as a biological condition or confused with a person's attraction to sex partners. Binary Gender System A culturally defined code of acceptable behaviors and appearance which insists that there only two and only two sexes and two and only two genders that matches them. Butch Butch is a word commonly used in the lesbian and gay communities to identify masculine females or sometimes masculine gay men.
    [Show full text]
  • Webinar On:- HRLN Webinar on the 'Law to Bring Justice' INTERACTION
    Webinar on:- HRLN Webinar on the ‘Law to bring justice’ INTERACTION WITH LAWYERS AND STUDENT ACTIVISTS Prepared By Shah Faisal. Time Session Speaker District 17:00 – 17:05 General Introduction Adv. Syed Musaib Srinagar 17:05 – 17:20 Supreme Court Judgments on: Colin Gonsalves ******** Manipur AFSPA & J&K Pellet gun case. 17:20 – An overview of Preventive Detention Shah Faisal Srinagar 17:25 laws in J&K (PSA) 17:25 – 17:30 Misunderstanding of Armed forces Special Mr. Danish Raiz Srinagar Powers Act. 17:30 – 17:37 Right to Health and an analysis of health Mr. MoominMalla Srinagar care system India. 17:37– 17:45 An introduction to Article 15/21: as a Mr. BasitFarooq Kulgam means to Justice and Liberty. 17:45– 17:55 An overview of using RTI Act as a tool to Adv. NaveedBukhtiyar Baramulla secure justice. 17:55 – 18:00 How law comes to rescue the rights of Syed RovealMurtaza Anantnag an indigent person/ pauper. 18:00 – 18:05 Human rights and vulnerable groups Ms. Afshan Bashir Budgam 18:05– 18:10 Role of Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection Mir KamilNazir Anantnag of children) Act, 2000in rehabilitation of delinquent juveniles. 18:10– 18:15 Pandemic & justice for all Adv. Aamir Ahmad Dar Baramulla 18:15– 18:30 Open session Participant speaking From variou other Districts o Valley Date: 05.10.2020; 17:00 p.m. – 18:30 pm Syed Musaib:- Gave a brief introduction about the webinar and the speakers. He also spoke about the Human Rights law network Shah Faisal:- Gave introduction to the participants about Human Rights Law Network.
    [Show full text]