MUSKAN SHOWS THE LIGHT INTERVIEWING DAWOOD LAWLESS LAW STUDENT Sightless youngster encourages youth How a journalist missed meeting the Don Colleges for education, not violence

NOVEMBER 2017 Ÿ `100 VOLUME I Ÿ ISSUE 4

SPECIAL Lalu Prasad Yadav Vasundhara Raje Arvind Kejriwal Anil Baijal V K Sasikala Interview with Right Livelihood FIGHT TO Award winner

Rajasthan Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje’s safety valve Bill boomerangs; Delhi Chief MinisterTHE Arvind Kejriwal in last mile battleFINISH with Lieutenant-Governor in Supreme Court; and, Chief Justice of wants a speedy trial of tainted netas LEGAL NOTES LEGAL NOTES ONE-ON-ONE ONE-ON-ONE

placed, or innocent men put behind the bars in You have taken keen interest in legal battles the name of ‘love jihad’ or terrorism. ranging from the right to food to securing ‘Current phase in India’s history is as compensation for farmers and You are known to be a fighter for the rights of victims. the poor and the underprivileged for decades, It is my passion that keeps me moving forward dark as the Emergency’ setting many legal precedents in the process. despite resistance from various quarters. These The 65-year-old Senior Supreme Court Advocate Colin Gonsalves has been chosen for When did you start thinking of these people? movements take a big toll on an individual’s life. the prestigious 2017 Right Livelihood Award, widely known as ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’ I was a civil engineering student at the Indian For the Right to Food case, I went to the court Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay. While 200 times, but not because it was a personal vic- which he will receive in Stockholm (Sweden) at a globally watched live ceremony on studying, I was drawn into an agitation caused tory for me. I appeared for the People’s Union for December 1, 2017. by a massive railway strike in Bombay during the Civil Liberties (PUCL)’s petition filed in 2001, Known as a fighter for the rights of the poor and the underprivileged for decades Emergency. Then I came in touch with a noted which led to the apex court issuing 80 orders and setting many a legal precedent in the process, Gonsalves’ journey has been trade union leader, Datta Samant, and got into enforcing a midday meal for all schoolchildren. the field of law through his work with textile The battle was not fought by the lawyers alone. a fascinating one: from a civil engineer trained at the Mumbai Indian Institute of mill workers unions. After graduating from IIT, There were over 100 NGOs associated with the Technology in the mid-sixties to becoming the common man’s advocate. In the ‘80s, I commenced formal legal study from the Bom- campaign. But the government fought us he established Law Network (HRLN), which today has 28 offices across bay University in 1979 and litigated my first case for every inch. the country with over 200 lawyers engaged to work at the grass-roots level to aid some while still in law school on behalf of 5,000 work- ers locked out of their jobs. Malnutrition and hunger continues to of the most vulnerable people in the country. MAN MOHAN spoke to Gonsalves at the be a major issue... HRLN headquarters in New Delhi. Excerpts: You are fighting for the Muslim Rohingya ref- Nearly 70 per cent of India’s population ugees against their deportation to Myanmar? is living below the poverty line; their On behalf of Legal Notes, congratulations for such as the lynching of members of minority Is it a security issue as the Modi government livelihood depends on $2 a day. Now it winning the coveted award! Were you sur- communities in the name of cow vigilantism or has termed it? is not Africa but India that has become prised? beef eating, and killing of human rights activists, I am appearing in the Supreme Court on behalf the ‘hunger capital of the world’. Thank you. I was pleasantly surprised by the tele- intellectuals and journalists. of 7,000 Rohingyas living in 23 settlements in phone call from Sweden. Jammu & Kashmir for the past 10 years. There You have made great use of Public In- How do such global awards help in a func- are about 40,000 Rohingyas refugees across the terest Litigation (PIL) to achieve How do you feel? Has your status gone up in tioning democracy which is riddled with many country. I visited Jammu to check whether there many social reforms. the lawyers and judges community? contradictions like human rights violations in were criminal cases against any Rohingya. There The PIL is a myth I am humbled, and I don’t take it as an enhance- various states? were none. The Director General of Police also devised by the ment of my profile. There is support from the courts, but the gov- said that no Rohingya had been found involved judiciary. Still, ernment at the Centre and the authorities in the in any case of terrorism or of being radicalised in a number Has any Indian won this award before you? states pay no heed to them. The Central govern- by Muslim fundamentalists. A similar statement of cases, re- Some Indians have, but this time, it has come ment, in fact, does not care a bit for such inter- was made by the state’s Chief Minister, Mehboo- markable re- to India after a gap of 10 years. The award is a national awards won by Indians unless they are ba Mufti, who said that “there is no evidence of recognition of the immense work done by our part of their ideology. their involvement in any criminal case”. A (HRLN) team of NGOs and activists across the country, and we take this as a good sign of the How does the international community look at Then, on what basis has the Modi government people’s solidarity with us. For me, this is a salute such honours? accused the Rohingyas of being a security to India’s social movement. Internationally, for a person like me, the support threat? for our cause becomes broader. The civil socie- Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh and many & It has come at a time when it is being said by ty in other countries opens up more and wants others are bluffing. This merely shows the -gov civil society that India is going through a dark to associate with us. But at home, such awards ernment’s double standards. Remember – dur- period and human rights activists are under don’t slow down the continuous threat to the ing Sri Lanka’s fight against the LTTE, lakhs of siege. lives of activists, lawyers and journalists who Tamil refugees came to Indian shores. Most of That is right. The ‘darkest period’ in India’s his- wish to highlight the plight of sufferers in soci- them were LTTE supporters. But they were not tory continues to be the Emergency. But the ety, whether they are people below the poverty declared a security threat. Rather, they were Q current phase is equally dark – with incidents line dying of hunger, or tribals who are being dis- looked after well.

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Fighter extraordinary one of the greatest expansions of Constitu- 2010, he was conferred a Doctorate of the Senior Advocate Colin Gonsalves is Bombay High Court in 1984 and was tional rights seen by Indian society in the last University, honoris causa, by the University of the Founder of the Human Rights Law designated as Senior Advocate, be- several decades. He took up the cases of jour- Middlesex, UK. He was also given the “Mother Network (HRLN), India’s leading pub- fore moving onto the Supreme Court nalists fighting for the Majithia Wage Board Teresa Memorial Award” for Social Justice “in lic interest law group. Upon attaining in 2001. award which was denied by many newspapers recognition of remarkable contribution in legal his law degree in 1983, Gonsalves set He has brought numerous prece- management. services addressing human rights” in 2010. up the HRLN and developed it into a dent-setting cases to the SC and the Gonsalves has written, edited and co-edited On October 27, 2015, he was presented an national organisation. appellate-level High Courts of various a number of articles and books on a range of award at the Centre for Gonsalves transitioned his prac- states. Amongst these cases was the human rights law issues. He was presented 2015 Gala in New York for his distinguished tice from the Labour Courts to the “Right to Food” case, which involved with the “International Human Rights Award” career as a champion for justice and women’s by the American Bar Association in 2005. In rights.

sults have been achieved through this medium. were filed by ‘insiders’ to harass their depart- casual, contract and ad hoc workers in public and expand it up to the village and tribal level. It will Unfortunately, the government sees all the PILs ments or blackmail someone? private sectors, instead of regularising them. All increase job opportunities for lawyers; they won’t as anti-establishment. The government becomes I agree. The PIL medium is now over-cooked, these people are scared of the judiciary. In their have to beg for work standing at the entrance of combative to oppose more or less every PIL. It over-emphasized. But with every law comes its eyes, the judiciary has become a devil. About the courts. exhausts the litigant and the lawyers both in misuse. Take for example, the freedom of expres- 50 per cent of the country’s population lives in terms of money spent and time consumed. sion. The idea should be not to curtail the use but slums; they fear demolition of their homes. Street Fake encounters by the police and the army its misuse. Who hates PILs? Arguments against hawkers fear losing their business. Unorganised continue to be there despite courts taking a Isn’t that strange? PILs are often by the same people who want to labourers are pushed into unemployment. Pris- strong stand. Not only the authorities, but multinational com- crush human rights. The PIL is the only instru- oners feel neglected; they live in pitiable unhy- It continues to happen because men in uniform panies, businessmen and whosoever feels threat- ment to correct the system. The courts have gienic conditions in overcrowded cells. believe that they have a ‘license to kill’ — they be- ened by the PIL jumps into a litigation to crush learnt to recognise the PILs involving vested in- lieve that they are James Bond with the ‘Right to it. They find hundreds of ways to sabotage a good terests. You are painting a very grave situation. Kill.’ The orders come from the highest quarters cause. We are heading towards a dangerous situation, of the government and politicians protect them. “It is my passion Some lawyers attack PILs in courts? that keeps me towards fascism that crushes human rights. Unfortunately, the judiciary’s appetite to check That is too bad, isn’t it? Most of these advocates are on the panel of gov- The judiciary must regain its popular mass base this menace has gone down. moving forward A PIL shows you the ugly side of the government. ernment ministries and departments. The gov- to serve every section of society in an effective We were associated with the extra-judicial despite resistance You see the nexus between the government, pol- ernment is the biggest litigant. In my opinion, manner. Unfortunately, the government treats executions issue on behalf of the victims’ fami- from various iticians, businessmen, manufacturers and fake half of government litigation is unnecessary, but the judiciary badly: the SC and HC judges are lies. The SC in 2012 had ordered a probe into 98 quarters. These NGOs created to win tenders for social and pub- it continues because of the nexus between the poorly paid. Their salaries should be, at least, 10 fake encounter killings in Manipur and held that movements take lic welfare schemes. Despite the Right to Food, government officials and such lawyers. For these times more (than what it is now). This will elimi- armed forces cannot use excessive force even in a big toll on an people are dying of hunger in many states. It may advocates, each case keeps their fee meter run- nate corruption. The number of judges should be areas that come under the Armed Forces Special individual’s life” surprise you to know that a major contract for ning. They are paid mind-boggling fees. increased five times. The money spent by the gov- Powers Act (AFSPA). But we have noticed that, of mid-day meal to anganwadis in Uttar Pradesh ernment on the judiciary is 1 per cent, whereas it late, the judiciary is not pro-active on this front. was allotted to late liquor baron Ponti Chadha, Why do you think so? should be 3 per cent. who had set up a food manufacturing unit for The entire working class now distrusts the judi- Is it because of the current political situation? this purpose. ciary. All tribal organisations are afraid of litiga- One sees ever-increasing population of law- May be. In Uttar Pradesh, these days, the politi- “Nearly 70 per tion as they are being displaced. Prominent judg- yers graduating from colleges. cal masters seem to have given a free hand to the cent of India’s But there are many PILs which are frivolous or ments of the SC have created an army of slaves of Our free legal-aid system is in a shambles. Judges police to eliminate criminals. Is this a humane population is

Q don’t seem to be interested in making it effective. way to tackle crime? In this process, political ri- living below the There is no rationale behind lawyers’ fees – for conferencing and for each There is no substance in its working. Of course, vals will also be bumped off. It is creating tension poverty line; their appearance in the court. Retired Judges in arbitration cases also charge there is big infrastructure, there is huge mon- in society, whether they are ordinary criminals, livelihood depends & huge amounts. ey in it: seminars are organised, but there is no traders, social workers, RTI activists, lawyers and on $2 a day. Now passion among the stakeholders. The system is journalists. The nexus between the ruling class it is not Africa There is a need to set up a tribunal to set these things right and fix accountabil- devoid of heart, poor litigants have been fooled and the police is creating a new platform where

A but India that ity. The justice system should be meaningful and affordable. The judiciary needs by the ‘maya’ of free legal aid. It requires a total they stand as a judge and a jury combined. Our has become the a drastic overhaul. The judiciary has lost its popular common man’s base, while revamp; otherwise, it will die in a short while. society once again is inching towards an Emer- ‘hunger capital of The government and the judiciary should jointly gency. LN retaining the middle-class support. the world..”

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