A New Moenkhausia (Characiformes: Characidae) from Central Brazil, with Comments on the Area Relationship Between the Upper Rio Tapajós and Upper Rio Paraguai Systems
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aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology A new Moenkhausia (Characiformes: Characidae) from central Brazil, with comments on the area relationship between the upper rio Tapajós and upper rio Paraguai systems Flávio C. T. Lima 1, Heraldo A. Britski 1 and Francisco A. Machado 1, 2 1) Museu de ZooLogia da Universidade de São PauLo, Caixa PostaL 42494, 04299-970, São PauLo, SP, BraziL. E-maiL: [email protected]; [email protected] 2) Departamento de Botânica e EcoLogia, Universidade FederaL do Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, BraziL. E-maiL: [email protected] Received: 16 May 2007 – Accepted: 12 September 2007 Abstract Zusammenfassung A new species of Moenkhausia is described from the rio Beschrieben wird eine neue Art der SaLmLergattung Juba, tributary of the rio Sepotuba (upper rio Paraguai Moenkhausia vom Rio Juba, einem NebenfLuss des Rio Sepo - basin), the rio Juruena and its tributary, the rio Papagaio tuba (oberes Paraguai-BecKen), vom Rio Juruena und von (upper rio TapaJós basin), Mato Grosso state, BraziL. The seinem NebenfLuss, dem Rio Papagaio (oberes TapaJós- new species’ most remarKabLe feature is a unique coLour BecKen), im Staat Mato Grosso in BrasiLien. HauptmerKmaL pattern in Live specimens, which combines eyes that are der neuen Art ist ihre unverKennbare Färbung bei den Leben - bright bLue on the Lower haLf and bright green (with a den ExempLaren: v.a. sind die Augen in der unteren HäLfte bright goLden tinge) on the upper haLf, red pigmentation Leuchtend bLau, in der oberen HäLfte Leuchtend grün (mit on the upper Lip and a transparent opercLe which aLLows a einem Leuchtend goLdenen Schimmer), die OberLippe rot view of the pinKish red giLL fiLaments. The new species is und der KiemendecKeL durchsichtig, sodass man rosarot die apparentLy reLated to the group containing Moenkhausia Kiemen hindurchschimmern sieht. Die neue Art gehört oligolepis and M. sanctaefilomenae , which is aLso hypothe - offensichtLich zu der Gruppe um Moenkhausia oligolepis und sized to incLude M. pyrophthalma , M. diktyota and M. cot - M. sanctaefilomenae, der nach gegenwärtiger VorsteLLung inho . The occurrence of Moenkhausia cosmops in both the auch M. pyrophthalma, M. diktyota und M. cotinho zuzurech - headwaters of the upper rio Juruena (rio TapaJós basin) nen sind. Das VorKommen von M oenkhausia cosmops in bei - and upper rio Paraguai is congruent with other fish taxa den OberLäufen: im oberen Rio Juruena (TapaJós-BecKen) and is indicative that a river capture has recentLy taKen und im oberen Rio Paraguai – entsprechende Beobachtun - pLace in the area. gen Liegen für andere Fischgruppen vor – dürften ein Hin - weis darauf sein, dass es in neuerer Zeit Verbindungen zwis - Resumo chen beiden Systemen gegeben haben muss. Uma nova espécie de Moenkhausia é descrita do rio Juba, um afLuente do rio Sepotuba (bacia do aLto rio Paraguai), Résumé do rio Juruena e de seu tributário, o rio Papagaio (bacia do Une nouveLLe espèce de Moenkhausia est décrite, origi - aLto rio TapaJós), estado do Mato Grosso, BrasiL. A nova naire du rio Juba, tributaire du rio Sepotuba (bassin du espécie apresenta como característica mais destacada o haut rio Paraguai), Le rio Juruena et son tributaire, Le rio coLourido único quando em vida: íris de coLorido azuL Papagaio (bassin du haut rio TapaJós), état du Mato intenso na metade inferior, passando a dourado e Grosso, BrésiL. La caractéristique La pLus remarquabLe de La esverdeado na metade superior, Lábio vermeLho-vivo e nouveLLe espèce est son patron de coLoration, unique pour opércuLo em grande parte avermeLhado, devido à Les spécimens vivants, qui combine des yeux bLeu cLair sur transparência do osso, permitindo ver os fiLamentos bran - La moitié inférieure et vert cLair (avec une nuance or cLair) quiais. A nova espécie é aparentemente reLacionada ao sur La moitié supérieure et un opercuLe transparent qui per - grupo de Moenkhausia oligolepis e M. sanctaefilomenae , que met de voir Les LameLLes rose rouge des branchies. La nou - é hipotetizado como também incLuindo M. pyrophthalma , veLLe espèce est apparemment proche du groupe qui com - M. diktyota e M. cotinho . A ocorrência desta espécie nas prend. Moenkausia oligolepis et M. sanctaefilomenae dont cabeceiras do sistema do aLto rio Juruena e aLto rio Paraguai on suppose qu’iL incLut aussi M. pyrophthalma, M. diktyota é congruente com a de outros táxons de peixes e indica que et M. cotinho. La présence du Moenkausia cosmops dans Les uma captura de rio reLativamente recente deve ter aconte - cours principaux du haut rio Juruena (bassin du rio Tapa - cido nesta região. Jós) et du haut rio Paraguai correspond à d’autres taxons de 45 aqua voL. 13 no. 2 - 8 November 2007 A new Moenkhausia from centraL BraziL, with comments on the area reLationship between the upper rio TapaJós and upper rio Paraguai systems poissons et indique qu’une confLuence de rivières a eu Lieu thalma Costa, 1994, M. diktyota Lima & ToLedo- récemment dans La région. Piza, 2001 and probabLy aLso M. cotinho Eigen - mann, 1908 (Costa 1994; Lima & ToLedo-Piza Sommario 2001). Based on characters from the suspensorium Una nuova specie di Moenkhausia è descritta daL rio Juba, bone apparatus, Benine (2002) aLso discussed puta - affLuente deL rio Sepotuba (bacino superiore deL rio Para- guai), daL rio Juruena e i suoi affLuenti e daL rio Papagaio (ba- tive monophyLetic assembLages within the genus. cino superiore deL rio TapaJós), stato deL Mato Grosso, Bra- In contrast to the extensive LowLands of the rio siLe. La caratteristica principaLe di questa nuova specie è La Paraguai basin, the PantanaL, the headwaters of the singoLare coLorazione degLi individui vivi, che combina occhi rio Paraguai basin are poorLy Known ichthyoLogi - bLu briLLante neLLa metà inferiore e verde briLLante (con una caLLy (see WiLLinK et aL. 2000). However, coLLecting vivace sfumatura dorata) in queLLa superiore, pigmentazione expeditions in the Last few years in both the north - rossa deL Labbro superiore e opercoLo trasparente che con - ern and eastern headwaters of the rio Paraguai sente di avere una visione dei rossi fiLamenti branchiaLi. La basin have improved our ichthyoLogicaL KnowLedge nuova specie è apparentemente imparentata aL gruppo di specie che comprende Moenkhausia oligolepis e M. sanctae - of the area considerabLy (e.g., Lima & Britto 2001, filomenae, a cui si ipotizza debbano far parte anche M. pyro- Benine et aL. 2004, Lima et aL. 2004, Shibatta & phthalma, M. diktyota e M. cotinho. La presenza Moenkhau - PavaneLLi 2005). During an expedition across the sia cosmops in entrambe Le sorgenti deL rio Juruena superiore northern headwaters of the rio Paraguai basin in (bacino deL rio TapaJós) e deL rio Paraguai superiore è con - Mato Grosso state, centraL BraziL, on which the gruente con aLtri taxa e suggerisce che neLL’area è recente - three authors tooK part, a new Moenkhausia mente avvenuto un processo di cattura da parte di uno dei species, cLearLy reLated to the M. oligolepis species- due corsi d’acqua. group, was found. The species was immediateLy recognized as new by its unique coLour pattern in INTRODUCTION Live specimens, that combines red pigmentation on The genus Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1908 is one the upper Lip, eye with the upper haLf bright green of the most speciose characid genera, currentLy and Lower haLf bright bLue, and for the trans - comprising 64 species that are recognized as vaLid parency of the opercLe, which aLLows a view of the (Lima et aL. 2003, Benine et aL. 2004, Géry & pinKish-red coLour of the giLL fiLaments. No pho - ZarsKe 2004, ZarsKe et aL. 2004, Bertaco & tographs couLd be taKen of Living specimens at that Lucinda 2006, Lima & BirindeLLi 2006, Lucinda et time and onLy a few specimens were coLLected, so aL. 2007). As most of the genera previousLy the description of the new species was postponed. incLuded within the subfamiLy Tetragonopterinae Somewhat unexpectedLy, during a recent coLLecting (cf., e.g., Géry 1977) and now considered as incer - expedition to the rio Papagaio (a tributary of the tae sedis within Characidae (Lima et aL. 2003), rio Juruena, rio TapaJós basin) two of the authors Moenkhausia is defined by a combination of char - (FCTL and FAM) succeeded in coLLecting more acters, none of them unique, which consequentLy specimens of the new species, aLLowing its descrip - raises serious doubts as to its purported mono - tion, which is herein presented. phyLetic nature. Géry (1977) was the first to recognize sub-groups MATERIALS AND METHODS within the genus Moenkhausia , even though he Counts and measurements were taKen according himseLf admitted that these groups were actuaLLy to FinK & Weitzman (1974) and Menezes & more convenient tooLs for species identification Weitzman (1990), except for counts of the hori - than hypothesis of putative monophyLetic cLades zontaL scaLe rows beLow the LateraL Line, which are (see aLso Géry & ZarsKe 2004: 35). In spite of the counted to the peLvic-fin insertion. HorizontaL fact that we stiLL LacK an expLicit hypothesis of phy - scaLe rows between the dorsaL-fin origin and LateraL Logenetic reLationships within Moenkhausia, the Line does not incLude the scaLe of median predorsaL existence of monophyLetic groups within the genus series situated Just anterior to the first dorsaL-fin has been postuLated, for exampLe, the Moenkhausia ray. HorizontaL scaLes occur in rows between the lepidura species-group deLimited by Géry (1992; in LateraL Line and the peLvic-fin insertion. A LateraL spite of the reticent attitude of the author himseLf scaLe that extends ventraLLy to the peLvic insertion, concerning the monophyLy of the group) and a present in some specimens, was counted as a haLf group incLuding M. oligolepis (Günther, 1864), M. scaLe. In the descriptions, the frequency of each sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907), M. pyroph - count is given in parentheses after the respective aqua voL. 13 no. 2 - 8 November 2007 46 FLávio C. T.