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Universidade Estadual Paulista UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS ESTUDIOS CITOGENÉTICOS EN TELEOSTEOS MARINOS Y DULCEACUÍCOLAS DE VENEZUELA Mauro Nirchio T. Botucatu - SP Octubre de 2009 2 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS ESTUDIOS CITOGENÉTICOS EN TELEOSTEOS MARINOS Y DULCEACUÍCOLAS DE VENEZUELA Candidato: Mauro Nirchio T. Orientador: Dr. Claudio de Oliveira Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas - Zoologia. Botucatu - SP Octubre de 2009 3 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA SEÇÃO TÉCNICA DE AQUISIÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO DIVISÃO TÉCNICA DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO - CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU – UNESP BIBLIOTECÁRIA RESPONSÁVEL: SELMA MARIA DE JESUS Nirchio, T. Mauro. ESTUDOS CITOGENÉTICOS EM TELEÓSTEOS DE VENEZUELA/ Mauro Nirchio T.– Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu 2009. Orientador: Cláudio de Oliveira 1. Peixe de água doce - 2. 1. Peixe de água marinha. 3. Citogenetica 4. Evolución CDD xxx.xx Palavras-chave: Citogenética; Actinopterigii, Evolución 4 AGRADECIMIENTO Esta tesis doctoral representa la consecución de un objetivo que me tracé para mejorar mi formación académica, el cual no hubiese sido posible alcanzar sin la cooperación de todas aquellas personas y organizaciones que han contribuido a que esta meta se haya materializado y a quienes quiero dedicarles estas líneas en señal de agradecimiento. A la UNESP por brindarme la oportunidad de ingresar como estudiante de Postgrado. A la Universidad de Oriente por su respaldo institucional. Al Dr, Claudio Oliveira, orientador de esta Tesis y gran amigo, por su apoyo incondicional, su siempre oportuno consejo, por haber compartido sus conocimientos y por la confianza brindada en todo momento. A la Profesora Vera de Oliveira, por su amistad y por haberme hecho sentir como si estuviera en mi casa, cada vez que he estado en Botucatu. Al Dr. Julio Pérez, por haberme alentado a que iniciara los estudios doctorales y quien siempre estuvo pendiente de que no antepusiera ningún otro interés hasta lograr obtener el Doctorado. A mi compadre Juan Ignacio Gaviria por todo el apoyo personal e institucional a través del Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad de Oriente. A Ernesto Ron por su respaldo como compañero de viajes y por ayudar con sus conocimientos de Ictiología en la clasificación de los peces que fueron estudiados en esta investigación. A Irani Ferreira por su ayuda en el Laboratorio. A Angel Granado, Director del Institulo Limnológico de Caicara del Orinoco, por poner a disposición las facilidades logísticas para el estudio de los peces de esa región. A Pedro Hernández, por acompañarme en todas las campañas de colecta de peces dulceacuícolas. 5 A José Marcano, Régulo Lopez y Régulo Lopez (hijo), por estar siempre pendientes de capturar y mantener vivos los peces marinos que fueron analizados en esta investigación. 6 Dedicatoria A la memoria de mi padre 7 CONTENIDO RESUMEN.......................................................................................................................................10 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................11 INTRODUCCIÓN............................................................................................................................12 GENERALIDADES.....................................................................................................................12 CITOGENÉTICA DE PECES....................................................................................................14 CONTROVERSIAS SOBRE EL CARIOTIPO ANCESTRAL...............................................16 CITOGENÉTICA DE PECES NEOTROPICALES DE AGUA DULCE Y MARINOS.......17 AMBIENTES ACUÁTICOS, ICTIOFAUNA Y CITOGENETICA DE PECES EN VENEZUELA...............................................................................................................................19 DATOS.........................................................................................................................................22 OBTENCION DE CROMOSOMAS MITÓTICOS..................................................................22 ESTIMULACIÓN DE LA MITOSIS.......................................................................................22 PREPARACIÓN DE CROMOSOMAS MITÓTICOS.........................................................23 TÉCNICAS DE COLORACION CROMOSOMICA................................................................24 COLORACIÓN CON GIEMSA.............................................................................................24 LOCALIZACIÓN DE REGIONES ORGANIZADORAS DE NUCLÉOLO.......................24 BANDAS C..............................................................................................................................25 LOCALIZACIÓN CROMOSÓMICA DE SECUENCIAS DE DNA POR HIBRIDACIÓN IN SITU FLUORESCENTE (FISH)......................................................................................25 ANÁLISIS Y MONTAJE DE CARIOTIPOS.........................................................................30 ANÁLISIS DE LOS DATOS......................................................................................................30 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION.....................................................................................................32 CAPÍTULO I.- RESULTADOS GENERALES.........................................................................32 CAPÍTULO II. Characiformes...................................................................................................36 Caracterización Citogenética de Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (Teleostei: characidae) de Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela...........................................37 Extensive polymorphism and chromosomal characteristics of ribosomal DNA in the characid fish Triportheus venezuelensis (Characiformes, Characidae). Genetics and Molecular Biology, 30 (1):25.................................................................................................49 CAPÍTULO III. Siluriformes.......................................................................................................55 8 Conventional karyotype, constitutive heterocromatin, and nucleolar organizer regions in Hoplosternum littorale (Pisces: Callichthyidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela (en prensa)..............................................................................................................................56 Cytogenetic analysis of three catfish species of the family Pseudopimelodidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes).........................................................................................................60 Karyotypic relationships among the tribes of Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with description of XO sex chromosome system in a Neotropical fish species............65 Cytogenetic analysis of three sea catfish species (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Ariidae)...74 CAPÍTULO IV. Mugiliformes.....................................................................................................86 Classical and molecular cytogenetic characterization of Agonostomus monticola, a primitive species of Mugilidae (Mugiliformes). Genetica 135:1–5; DOI 10.1007/S10709-008-9256-8................................................................................................87 Comparative cytogenetic and allozyme analysis of Mugil rubrioculus and M. curema (Teleostei: Mugilidae) from Venezuela. Interciencia, 32 (11): 757-762........................92 A new species of mullet (Teleostei: Mugilidae) from Venezuela, with a discussion on the taxonomy of Mugil gaimardianus. Journal of Fish Biology. 71 (Supplement A), 76– 97..............................................................................................................................................98 Past and future of cytogenetics of mugilidae: an updated overview. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela..............................................................................119 CAPÍTULO V. Perciformes......................................................................................................126 Cytogenetic studies in three species of Lutjanus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae:Lutjaninae) from the Isla Margarita, Venezuela....................................................................................127 Cytogenetic characterization of Rhomboplites aurorubens and Ocyurus chrysurus, two monotypic Lutjaninae from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, with a review on cytogenetics of Lutjanidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)..............................................................................133 Cytogenetic analysis of three species of the genus Haemulon (Teleostei: Haemulinae) from Margarita Island, Venezuela..............................................................149 CAPITULO VI: Tetraodontiformes.........................................................................................155 First description of the karyotype and ag-norsLocalization of Stephanolepis setifer (bennett, 1831) (tetraodontiformes: monacanthidae) with remarks on sex Chromosome differentiation................................................................................................156 CONSIDERACIONES Y CONCLUSIONES FINALES...........................................................163
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