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Stephen Newman Mícheál Coimín Agus a Shaothar -.Pdf UCC Library and UCC researchers have made this item openly available. Please let us know how this has helped you. Thanks! Title Mícheál Coimín agus a shaothar Author(s) Newman, Stephen Patrick Publication date 2013 Original citation Newman, S. P. 2013. Mícheál Coimín agus a shaothar. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2013, Stephen P. Newman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Embargo information No embargo required Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1461 from Downloaded on 2021-09-26T22:40:02Z Mícheál Coimín agus a Shaothar Stephen Newman Tráchtas PhD Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh Roinn na Nua-Ghaeilge Iúil 2013 Ceann Roinne: An tOllamh Pádraig Ó Macháin Stiúrthóir Inmheánach: Liam P. Ó Murchú MA 1 Clár Buíochas 4 Réamhrá 5 1 Beatha an Choimínigh 7 2 Saothrú an Phróis san Ochtú hAois Déag 23 3 Eachtra Thoroilbh Mhic Stairn (ETS): Foinsí agus Traidisiún 31 4 Eachtra a Thriúr Mac (ETM) agus Béaloideas an Chláir 57 5 ETS agus ETM: Traidisiún na Lámhscríbhinní 79 Modh Eagarthóireachta 101 Nótaí ar an Teanga 104 ETS agus ETM: Téacs Normálaithe 110 6 Forbhreathnú ar Chorpas Filíochta an Choimínigh 180 7 Filíocht an Choimínigh: Anailís Théamúil agus Stíle 200 Modh Eagarthóireachta 212 ‘A Ainnir mhiochair bhláith’ 214 ‘Sealad dá rabhas a’ taisteal chois abhann’ 216 ‘Idir Sráid Inse is Cluain Ineach’ 218 ‘Dob aisling dom tríom néalta go bhfaca mise an spéirbhean’ 220 ‘Araic gan chrith tugas ar Bhrighid go Boireann ó Chinn Leime’ 222 ‘Bhí bruinneall tséimh is mé i ngrádh’ 226 ‘Aréir tríom néalta is tríom aisling bhréagach’ 228 ‘Cá bhfuil siúd an t-ughdar glic’ 231 ‘Mo chumha is mo chreachsa fear na seanaoise’ 234 Foinsí 236 2 Dearbhú: Dearbhaím gur liom féin an saothar seo agus go bhfuil tagairt cheart chuí déanta agam d’ábhar ar bith a d’úsáid mé as foinsí eile. Níor úsáideas aon chuid den saothar seo chun céim a bhaint amach in aon institiúid eile. Stephen Newman _______________________________________ 3 Buíochas Ba mhaith liom, ar dtúis, buíochas a ghabháil le Liam P. Ó Murchú a stiúraigh an taighde agus a thug tacaíocht iomlán dom ó thús go deireadh. Bhí sé foighneach agus bhí a dhoras ar leathadh dom i gcónaí. Roinn sé a stór eolais ar léann agus litríocht na Gaeilge go fial liom. Táim go mór faoi chomaoin aige. Is mian liom buíochas a ghabháil leis na daoine seo a leanas chomh maith: An tOllamh Seán Ó Coileáin a chuir foinsí luachmhara ar mo shúilibh dom ag an tús; An Dr. Eilís Ní Dheá a thug an-chabhair dom agus a chuir mé i dtreo foinsí fíorthábhachtacha; An Dr. Úna Nic Éinrí; An Dr. Liam Mac Peaircín, Breandán Ó Cróinín MA.; a roinn a gcuid eolais ar litríocht an ochtú haois déag agus ar thraidisiún na lámhscríbhinní liom; An Dr. Áinéad Ní Mhuirthile agus Máire Ní Neachtain MA a thug cabhair agus tacaíocht dom fad is a bhíos i mbun taighde; Brian Ó Dálaigh a bhí an-fhlaithiúil go deo lena chuid eolais ar an gCoimíneach agus ar litríocht, shaíocht is stair an Chláir. Eoghan Ó hAnluain (ná maireann) agus Muiris Ó Rocháin (ná maireann) a thug spreagadh dom agus a léirigh dom an tábhacht a bhaineann leis an saghas seo taighde. Dar ndóigh, ní ar éinne de na daoine seo thuas atá locht aon earráide atá sa tráchtas. Táim go mór faoi chomaoin ag foirne na leabharlann sna hinstitiúidí seo a leanas: Coláiste Mhuire Gan Smál – Ollscoil Luimnigh; Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh, An Leabharlann Náisiúnta, Leabharlann an Chontae, Inis, Co. an Chláir. Ba mhaith liom buíochas a ghabháil le Eileen Madden sa seomra priontála i gColáiste Mhuire Gan Smál. Táim buíoch de Cumann Merriman agus Brian Ó Dálaigh, a thug cuireadh dom labhairt ag an Scoil Samhraidh in Inis sa bhliain 2008; agus do Cumann Éire san Ochtú Céad Déag a thug deis dom páipéar a léamh ag an gcomhdháil bhliantúil i mBéal Feirste sa bhliain 2007. Ní mór dom buíochas ar leith a ghabháil do mo bhean chéile June agus do thuismitheoirí as an tacaíocht a thug siad dom fad is a bhí an obair seo ar siúl. 4 Réamhrá Is é a chuirim romham a dhéanamh sa tráchtas seo ná eagar a chur ar shaothar liteartha Mhíchíl Coimín; file agus údar próis a bhí ag saothrú na litríochta i gCill Chorcoráin, Contae an Chláir san ochtú haois déag. D’éag sé sa bhliain 1760 nuair a bhí sé ag tarrac ar 90 bliain d’aois. Is féidir a rá go bhfuil an Coimíneach, ó thaobh chanóin litríocht na Gaeilge de, i measc na mionscríbhneoirí agus níl aon dabht faoi ach go bhfuil an-chuid de léitheoirí na Gaeilge sa lá atá inniu ann dall ar a chuid scríbhneoireachta. Ag scríobh dó ar oidhreacht liteartha an Chláir tá an méid seo a leanas le rá ag Pádraig Ó Fiannachta: Tá na treoirlínte simplí: is féidir an dá mhórghné a fheiceáil go soiléir: tá an ghné chaomhach, an traidisiún ársa a bhí le cóipeáil, le hathinsint, agus le seachadadh; ina theannta san tá an ghné chruthaitheach as a dtagann an féinix ar nós Laoi Oisín i dTír na nÓg, nó an t-úrnua ar nós na Cúirte. Ansin arís tá an dá roinn shimplí bhunúsacha: an prós agus an fhilíocht, Beannú doimhin duit a Dhoinn na Daibhche, agus Eachtra Thoirilbh Mhic Stairn. Níl aon amhras ná gur tréimhse shuaithinseach i léann agus i litríocht phobail an Chláir an t-ochtú haois déag.1 D’fhéadfaí a rá gur bhain an Coimíneach leis na catagóirí sin ar fad, ach, i gcás Laoi Oisín i dTír na n-Óg, tá gach cuma ar an scéal nárbh é a chum í in aon chor, mar a léireoidh mé sa tráchtas seo. Tá againn anois óna pheann dornán beag dánta agus dhá scéal rómánsaíochta a scríobh sé nuair a bhí an traidisiún sin próis ar an dé deiridh. Níl aon chuid dá shaothar ar fáil in eagráin a shásódh léitheoirí an lae inniu ná na critéir scolártha atá i bhfeidhm anois. Níor tháinig aon lámhscríbhinn, i lámh an Choimínigh, anuas chugainn agus dá bhrí sin bhí dúshlán áirithe ag baint leis an bpróiseas eagarthóireachta. Sa tráchtas rinne mé an suirbhé is iomláine go dtí seo ar a shaothar i dtraidisiún na lámhscríbhinní agus ar na scríobhaithe a rinne é a sheachadadh. Bhí sé mar aidhm agam teacht ar na lámhscríbhinní is údarásaí sa traidisiún d’fhonn eagráin a réiteach a bheadh dílis dá bhunshaothar. Is ceart aitheantas a thabhairt do bhuíon áirithe daoine bhí ag obair air agus a chuir é os comhair an tsaoil arís le 1 Pádraig Ó Fiannachta, ‘Litríocht an Chláir san Ochtú hAois Déag’, in Léas Eile ar ár Litríocht (Maigh Nuad: An Sagart, 1982) lch. 229. 5 daichead bliain anuas: Pádraig Ó Fiannachta, Eoghan Ó hAnluain, Muiris Ó Rocháin, Máirtín Ó Briain, Cathal Ó Háinle agus Brian Ó Dálaigh. Murach obair na ndaoine sin bheadh sé an-dhian tabhairt faoi staidéar ar an gCoimíneach. Bhí siad ag tógáil ar obair glúinte eile a chuir eolas ar fáil agus a chaomhnaigh a bhfuil againn dá shaothar. Luaim cuid den bhuíon sin: Mícheál Ó Raghallaigh, Séamus Mac Cruitín, Brian Ó Luanaigh, Pádraig Ó Briain, Eoghan Ó Neachtain, T.F. Ó Rathile, Dónall Ó Corcora, Seán Ó hÓgáin. Beidh trácht ar na daoine sin arís agus na scríobhaithe go léir a bhí i mbun a chuid scríbhneoireachta a seachadadh i gcaitheamh na mblianta. Chomh maith leis an obair eagarthóireachta tabharfar cuntas ar a bheatha agus déanfar iniúchadh léirmheastúil ar a shaothar. Tá an t-ádh linn go bhfuil eolas maith againn ar imeachtaí a shaoil i gcomparáid le scríbhneoirí eile de chuid an ochtú haois déag. Maidir leis an tráchtaireacht chriticiúil ní mór dom a admháil nach bhfuil ach bunstaidéar anseo. Níl mórán oibre déanta ar na téacsanna go dtí seo agus, toisc go rabhas ag treabhadh i ngort cuíosach úr, tá béim sa tráchtas ar fhoinsí liteartha an údair. Caitheann an modh oibre a bhí agam, i gcás an phróis, abair, solas ar ailtireacht na scéalta agus ar phróiseas na ceapadóireachta agus tá súil agam gur thugas léargas breise ar nádúr na rómánsaíochta mar sheánra próis. Tabharfar cuntas sa tráchtas seo ar chorpas fileata an Choimínigh agus cuirfear eagar ar naoi gcinn de dhánta. 6 Caibidil I Beatha an Choimínigh 1.1 Réamhrá Tá dúshlán ar leith ag baint le cuntas beathaisnéiseach cruinn, cuimsitheach a chur le chéile ar scríbhneoirí Gaeilge a bhí i mbun pinn san ochtú haois déag. Bíonn, ar an mórgóir, an t- armlón eolais is dual don bheathaisnéisí go mór in easnamh. I go leor cásanna ní bhíonn teacht ar cháipéisíocht oifigiúil stáit na eaglasta; mar shampla: teastais bhreithe, bhaiste ná bháis; uachtanna, gníomhais theidil, daonáirimh agus araile. Anuas ar an méid sin, ní bhíonn teacht rómhór ar fhoinsí pearsanta a chaithfeadh solas níos doimhne ar nádúr an duine agus ar imeachtaí a shaoil: dialanna; comhfhreagras pearsanta agus tráchtaireacht óna lucht aitheantais. Ní raibh, cuirim i gcás, an dialann agus an nochtadh pearsanta a bhaineann lena leithéid mar chuid de dhioscúrsa liteartha na Gaeilge sa tréimhse atá faoi chaibidil. Tá an méid seo a leanas le rá ag Tomás De Bhaldraithe sa réamhrá a chuir sé lena eagrán de Cín Lae Amhlaoibh: Bhí Amhlaoibh ar an mbeagán Gaeilgeoirí a scríobh dialann riamh, agus ba é an t- aon duine amháin go bhfios dom a scríobh dialann phearsanta den chineál seo. Níor nós riamh ag na Gaeil, fiú ag na filí féin, mórán eolais a thabhairt fúthu féin ina gcuid scríbhneoireachta.2 Bíonn ar an taighdeoir dul i dtreo dhá bhunfhoinse sa chuardach aige: traidisiún na lámhscríbhinní agus an traidisiún béil.
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