DOCSLIB.ORG

Nitrogen Removal Using Arkea®

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nitrogen Removal Using Arkea® 1 ® OWEA 2013 Technical Conference and Exposition June 18 – 21, 2013 Michael H. Gerardi ArchaeaSolutions, Inc. www.archaeasolutions.com [email protected] 2 Nitrogenous Wastes in Domestic Wastewater • Urine ▫ Urea as major component of urine ▫ Chemical formula: NH2COH2N ▫ Urea contains two (2) amine groups (-NH2) ▫ Urea is hydrolyzed in the sewer system ▫ Hydrolysis results in the release of reduced + nitrogen (NH4 /NH3) 3 Dominant Form of Reduced Nitrogen as Determined by pH 100 0 % % + NH3 NH4 50 50 0 100 pH 7 pH 9 pH 11 4 Nitrogenous Wastes in Domestic Wastewater Feces Proteins (organic-nitrogen) as a major component Proteins made of amino acids Amino acids contain amine groups (-NH2) Deamination of proteins and degradation of amino acids in sewer system and aeration tank results in the release of amine groups and the release of + 3 reduced nitrogen (NH4 /NH ) Therefore, organic-nitrogen represents bonded nitrogen (amine groups) that may/must be released in aeration tank 5 Amino acid, cysteine HSCH2CHNH2COOH Amine group + - - NH3/NH4 /NO2 /NO3 Thiol group - 2- H2S/H2S/HS /SO4 H2S (1 to 3 mg/L) toxic to nitrifying microbes 6 Free and Organic-Nitrogen • Free reduced nitrogen + ▫ NH4 /NH3 in solution ▫ Determined by ammonia testing • Organic-nitrogen ▫ Bonded nitrogen that may/must be released ▫ Determined by total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonia testing: TKN – NH3 7 Archaeal and Bacterial Roles in Nitrification and Denitrification • Remove soluble cBOD • Provide maximum time for nitrification • Provide acceptable nitrification and denitrification • Perform cold weather nitrification 8 Archaea What are Archaea? 9 What are Archaea? Separate domain of life Formerly known as “ancient” bacteria Significant differences Some Archaea degrade wastes that bacteria cannot Some Archaea out-compete bacteria for substrate and nutrients Some have a higher metabolic rate than bacteria Provides for more rapid degradation of cBOD Provide for more HRT for nitrification Removes soluble, short chain, inhibitory cBOD Some have a syntrophic relationship with bacteria 10 Inhibitory Soluble cBOD Methanol CH3OH 1 Methylamine CH3NH2 1 Ethanol CH3CH2OH 2 n-propanol CH3CH2CH2OH 3 Ethyl acetate CH3CO2C2H5 4 11 What is Arkea®? 12 What is Arkea®? • ArchaeaSolutions, Inc. produces Arkea®, a proprietary blend of Archaea organisms and other microbes. • Several species of Archaeal methanogens have been identified in Arkea® through gene sequencing analysis. 13 Nitrogen Removal 14 Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater • Air stripping of ammonia (NH3) + • Assimilation of ammonium (NH4 ) • Nitrification/denitrification + - ▫ Nitrification: NH4 ----- > NO3 ▫ Denitrification NO3- ----- > Insoluble molecular nitrogen (N2) Insoluble nitrous oxide (N2O) ▫ Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) ▫ Anammox 15 + Conversion of NH4 to NH3 with increasing pH; Air stripping of NH3 to atmosphere NH3 Influent Effluent + NH4 16 + Assimilation of NH4 as nitrogen nutrient for microbial growth (MLVSS production) Influent Effluent + NH4 MLVSS Approximately 12 – 15% of microbial dry weight is nitrogen. + NH4 is the preferred nitrogen nutrient. NH3 is toxic! 17 Nitrification*/Denitrification *Nitrification does not remove nitrogen from the wastewater! 18 What is Nitrification? + Biological oxidation of ammonium (NH4 ) to - nitrite (NO2 ) and/or the biological oxidation of - nitrite to nitrate (NO3 ) + + - NH4 + 1.5 O2 --- > 2 H + NO2 + H2O - - NO2 + 0.5 O2 --- > NO3 19 Nitrification Influent Effluent + - NH4 NO2 NO3- 20 Nitrifying Systems • One-stage system • Two-stage system 21 One-stage Nitrification System Aeration Tank Removes Clarifier cBOD and Nitrifies 22 Two-stage Nitrification System Aeration Tank Aeration Tank Clarifier Removes cBOD Nitrifies 23 Microbes That Perform Nitrification? • Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria + - ▫ NH4 ----- > NO2 ▫ Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira • Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria - - ▫ NO2 ----- > NO3 ▫ Nitrobacter and Nitrospira • Ammonium-oxidizing Archaea (Crenarachaeota) ▫ AOA more competitive than AOB ▫ AOA more competitive than NOB • Some protozoa ▫ Epistylis ▫ Vorticella 24 Stalk ciliates, Epistylis 25 Stalk ciliate, Vorticella 26 Monitoring Nitrification • Alkalinity/pH • Temperature • cBOD including slug discharges • Inhibitory/toxic wastes + • NH3/NH4 concentration in aeration tank • Dissolved oxygen • Phosphorus • Form of nitrification (complete, incomplete #1, 2, 3, 4) 27 Forms of Nitrification* Complete < 1 mg/L < 1 mg/L > 1 mg/L Incomplete 1 < 1 mg/L > 1 mg/L < 1 mg/L Incomplete 2 > 1 mg/L < 1 mg/L > 1 mg/L Incomplete 3 < 1 mg/L > 1 mg/L > 1 mg/L Incomplete 4 > 1 mg/L > 1 mg/L > 1 mg/L *Based upon mixed liquor effluent filtrate from an on-line aeration tank. 28 What is Denitrification? - • The biological use of typically nitrate (NO3 ), - atypically nitrite (NO2 ) by denitrifying microbes to degrade soluble cBOD. • Denitrification occurs in the absence of free molecular oxygen (O2). 29 Denitrification Tank 1-stage or 2-stage Denitrification Clarifier nitrification system Tank Denitrification tank: Slow, surface mixing Carbon Source 30 Denitrification - Soluble cBOD (methanol) + NO3 --- > cells (sludge) + H2O + - CO2 + N2 + N2O + OH 3 gases produced return of alkalinity 31 Monitoring Denitrification • Soluble cBOD or “carbon” source • Residual dissolved oxygen 32 Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrifica tion (SND) 33 Oxygen Gradient - X-sectional view of floc particle with oxic (O2 use) and anoxic (NO3 use) zones > 100 μm Soluble cBOD OXIC ZONE Dissolved oxygen Nitrate ANOXIC ZONE Perimeter: DO < 1.0 mg/L; cBOD removal via O2; nitrification occurs; destroy alkalinity; grow low dissolved oxygen filamentous organisms. - Core; DO is “0;” cBOD removal via NO3 ; denitrification occurs; return alkalinity; destroy low dissolved oxygen filamentous organisms. 34 Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) 35 + Organic-nitrogen ammonification NH4 AOB + O2 ↑ - N2 NO2 Denitrifying bacteria NOB + O2 + carbon source - NO3 Nitrification/Denitrification 36 + Organic-nitrogen ammonification NH4 Anammox Archaea Anammox bacteria + O2 ↑ - N2 NO2 Anammox Archaea Anammox bacteria Denitrifying bacteria NOB + O2 + carbon source - NO3 Anammox Reduced dissolved oxygen requirement; “carbon” addition not required. 37 Benefits of Anammox • Use represents 10% of current cost for nitrification and denitrification • Reduces greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) addition 38 ArchaeaSolutions, Inc. Consulting.Bioaugmentation.Results. Scientists, Engineers, and Wastewater Professionals Specializing in Process Consulting, Bioaugmentation Strategies, Plant Optimization, and Troubleshooting Support 100 Lloyd Ave., Suite D, Tyrone, GA 30290 770-487-5303 www.archaeasolutions.com [email protected] Low Cost “Performance-Based” Arkea® Trials Available Call us today to schedule a consultation and site visit! .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation City of Windom, Minnesota
    Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation City of Windom, Minnesota July 29, 2016 – Revised November 4, 2016 Bolton & Menk, Inc. Project No. T22.109023 Prepared by: Submitted by: Bolton & Menk, Inc. 12224 Nicollet Blvd Burnsvillle, MN 55337 P: 952-890-0509 F: 952-890-8065 wq-wwtp5-91 MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DENITRIFICATION EVALUATION CITY OF WINDOM, MINNESOTA JULY 2016 BMI Project No. T22.109023 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. Signature: Typed or Printed Name: Lana Tullis, P.E. Date: July 29, 2016 Lic. No. 41450 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. Signature: Typed or Printed Name: Herman Dharmarajah, Ph.D., P.E. Date: July 29, 2016 Lic. No. 18256 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. BOLTON & MENK, INC. CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1-1 A. Project Background ........................................................................................ 1-1 B. Nitrate Standards
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.DENITRIFICATION of WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT USING ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL BED REACTOR IMMERSED: OPERATING PERFO
    Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering E-ISSN: 1982-3932 [email protected] Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Sylla, Aboubacar; Fatima Ezzahra, Aboussabiq; Najwa, Hassou; Rihani, Mohamed; Jamal, Amine; Omar, Assobhei; Samira, Etahiri DENITRIFICATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT USING ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL BED REACTOR IMMERSED: OPERATING PERFORMANCE Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, vol. 11, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2017, pp. 208-218 Universidade Federal da Paraíba Paraíba, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=283255970009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Journal of Urban and Environmental Journal of Urban and E Engineering, v.11, n.2, p.208-218 Environmental Engineering ISSN 1982-3932 J www.journal-uee.org E doi: 10.4090/juee.2017.v11n2.208218 U DENITRIFICATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT USING ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL BED REACTOR IMMERSED: OPERATING PERFORMANCE Aboubacar Sylla*, Aboussabiq Fatima Ezzahra, Hassou Najwa, Mohamed Rihani, Amine Jamal, Assobhei Omar and Etahiri Samira BIOMARE Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 2400, Morocco. Received 27 August 2016; received in revised form 02 May 2017; accepted 05 July 2017 Abstract: In this study, a heterotrophic denitrification was designed for domestic wastewater treatment with unexpected water flows at different loading rates. Benefited from excellent removal ability COD, shorten operating time and lower maintenance cost. During the time of operation (six months), injection of nitrate was made in the influent RALBI 1 while the RALBI 2 was fed with sewage without addition of nitrate.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Identification of Denitrifying Bacteria and Its Growth and Metabolism Characteristics
    2017 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Energy Engineering (ICESEE 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-417-2 Isolation and Identification of Denitrifying Bacteria and Its Growth and Metabolism Characteristics Xin-ran JIANG, Dian JIAO, Lei ZHANG and Li-na ZHENG College of Marine Technology and Environmental, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China Keywords: Denitrification, Nitrate, Isolation and identification, Activity research. Abstract. A denitrifying bacterium DN20 was isolated from the biofilm after centrifugation in the aquaculture purification system of a aquaculture base, and the denitrification characteristics of the strain were further studied. The strain was identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the effects of temperature, salinity, pH, substrate concentration and C/N ratio on denitrification activity were studied. Introduction Denitrifying bacteria are a kind of bacteria that can cause denitrification. Biological denitrification is the use of denitrifying bacteria, nitrate nitrogen into gaseous products to remove, is considered to be the most economical and effective way of nitrogen removal [1]-[2]. The application of denitrifying bacteria and the removal of nitrate in water have become the research focus[3]-[5], many methods have been reported [6]-[8]. In recent years, some studies on salt tolerant and halophilic denitrifying bacteria have been reported abroad [9]-[10]. In this study, the sludge from the culture pond was taken as the main separation source, and the enrichment, separation and purification were carried out.To obtain a highly efficient nitrate removal ability of denitrifying bacteria, named strain DN20. The aim of this study is to provide effective bacteria source for practical application of nitrate-N treatment in aquaculture water.
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrogen Transformations in Wetlands: Effects of Water Flow Patterns
    S£ 9807//6 Nitrogen transformations in wetlands: Effects of water flow patterns Department of Ecology Limnology Lund University, Sweden Lund 1997 DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. Organization Document name LUND UNIVERSITY DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Department ofEcology Limnology Date of Issue November 14. 1997 S-223 62 Lund Sweden SE-LUNBDS/NBLL-97/1032-t-l 14pp Authors) Sponsoring organization Torbjorn Davidsson Title and subtitle Nitrogen transformations in wetlands: Effects of water Bow patterns Abstract In this thesis, 1 have studied nitrogen turnover processes in watermcadows. A watcrmcadow is a wetland where water infiltrates through the soil of a grassland field. It is hypothesized that infiltration of water through the soil matrix promotes nutrient transformations compared to surface flow of water, by increasing the contact between water, nutrients, soil organic matter and bacteria. 1 have studied how the balance between nitrogen removal (denitrification, assimilative uptake, adsorption) and release (mineralization, desorption) processes arc affected by water How characteristics. Mass balance studies and direct denitrification measurements at two field sites showed that, although denitrification was high, net nitrogen removal in the watermcadows was poor. This was dueto release of ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from the soils. In laboratory studies, using ,5 N isotope techniques, I have shown that nitrogen turnover is considerably affected by hydrological conditions and by soil type. Infiltration increased virtually all the nitrogen processes, due to deeper penetration of nitrate and oxygen, and extended zones of turnover processes. On the contrary, soils and sediments with surface waterflow, diffusion is the main transfer mechanism.
    [Show full text]
  • Minimization of N2O Emission Through Intermittent Aeration in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR): Main Behavior and Mechanism
    water Article Minimization of N2O Emission through Intermittent Aeration in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR): Main Behavior and Mechanism Tang Liu 1, Shufeng Liu 1,*, Shishi He 2, Zhichao Tian 2 and Maosheng Zheng 2 1 College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China; [email protected] 2 College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102206, China; [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (Z.T.); [email protected] (M.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-62754292 Abstract: To explore the main behavior and mechanism of minimizing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission through intermittent aeration during wastewater treatment, two lab-scale sequencing batch reac- tors operated at intermittently aerated mode (SBR1), and continuously aerated mode (SBR2) were established. Compared with SBR2, the intermittently aerated SBR1 reached not only a higher total nitrogen removal efficiency (averaged 93.5%) but also a lower N2O-emission factor (0.01–0.53% of influent ammonia), in which short-cut nitrification and denitrification were promoted. Moreover, less accumulation and consumption of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a potential endogenous carbon source promoting N2O emission, were observed in SBR1. Batch experiments revealed that nitrifier denitrifi- cation was the major pathway generating N2O while heterotrophic denitrification played as a sink of N2O, and SBR1 embraced a larger N2O-mitigating capability. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results suggested that the abundant complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) ele- vated in the intermittently aerated environment played a potential role in avoiding N2O generation during wastewater treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • External Carbon Sources for Nitrogen Removal
    United States Environmental Protection Agency August 2013 Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet: External Carbon Sources for Nitrogen Removal DESCRIPTION Discharge permits for publicly owned treatment There are two major sources of organic carbon works (POTWs) and industries often include utilized in wastewater treatment operations. effluent limits for nutrients, including nitrogen. The sources are defined with respect to Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for whether they originate within the influent nutrients have and are being developed for many wastewater entering the treatment facility or water bodies throughout the United States. The are provided as an external supplemental TMDLs and resultant waste load allocations to carbon source added to the treatment system. protect impaired water bodies have resulted in Carbon sources are termed external when the more stringent effluent limits for total nitrogen. carbon substrate is sourced from outside the wastewater treatment process i.e., it is not In order to achieve very low total nitrogen limits derived from the influent wastewater or any of less than 6 mg/l through biological onsite treatment processes at the treatment denitrification, a readily biodegradable carbon facility. External supplemental carbon sources source must be available for the denitrifying are brought into the wastewater treatment organisms to use. A supplemental external process usually as pure compounds or high carbon source is often required when organic strength waste materials where concentrations material in the wastewater has been oxidized. can be as high as 1.5 g/L chemical oxygen This is especially true in denitrification processes demand (COD) to facilitate nutrient removal. that are located after the aeration process such Internal carbon sources refer to organic as post or second anoxic zone and denitrifying carbon substrates obtained either within filters.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacteria and Cyanobacteria
    Bacteria and Cyanobacteria Bacteria represent an amazingly diverse group of organisms that are of great ecological, economic, agricultural, and medical importance. Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green bacteria, contain thylakoid membranes with photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and phycobilins) and are capable to oxygenic photosynthesis. Purple bacteria and green sulfur bacteria occupy habitats in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and oxidize and release sulfur gas rather than oxygen. Nitrogen fixing and denitrifying bacteria have an exceptionally important role in nitrogen cycling in terrestrial plant communities. Many vascular plants such as legumes and an aquatic fern have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria. Bacteria are also important carbon recyclers in the environment by assisting in the decomposition of dead organisms. Bacteria are considered Prokaryotes (before the nucleus) and represent a lineage that is ancient and possess a number of novel features. Bacteria generally lack internal compartmentalized organelles that are bound by membranes. Organelles such as Golgi bodies (dictyosomes), chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nuclei are regarded as unique to Eukaryotic (true nucleus) organisms. Recently, evolutionary biologists have determined that two major kingdoms of bacteria are present on the planet. Eubacteria represent the true bacteria and contain many of the groups that we are most familiar with such as cyanobacteria. E. coli, Streptococcus, and Rhizobium. Archaebacteria represent an ancient lineage whose members occupy rather inhospitable habitats such as deep sea thermal vents and miles deep in the Earth=s crust, but are also found in more normal environments. The objective of this lab is to examine the morphology, structure, and ecology of bacteria and cyanobacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Denitrification: from Genes to Ecosystems
    Denitrification: From Genes to Ecosystems Christopher M. Jones Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Microbiology Uppsala Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2010 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2010:83 Cover: Montage showing the phylogeny of globally distributed nirS sequences, where tip labels indicate habitat type (see Figure 6, this thesis). Earth photo courtesy of NASA. ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN 978-91-576-7528-6 © 2010 Christopher M. Jones, Uppsala Print: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala 2010 Denitrification: From Genes to Ecosystems Abstract Denitrification is a part of the global nitrogen cycle in which fixed nitrogen in the biosphere is returned to the atmosphere, and is mediated by diverse communities of microorganisms. This thesis seeks to gain a greater understanding of the ecology of denitrifying microorganisms by examining the pathway from four different aspects; gene, population, community, and ecosystem. A combination of bioinformatic analysis of denitrification genes in pure cultures and environmental samples as well as experimental work with denitrifying bacterial cultures and soil microcosms was performed to understand the relationship between genes and ecosystems in denitrification. Analysis of the phylogeny of genes involved in key steps in the denitrificaiton pathway revealed a different evolutionary pattern for each gene, as processes such as horizontal gene transfer, duplication/divergence, and lineage sorting have contributed differentially to the evolution of catalytic genes at each step. However, genetic variation is not easily translated into an extended phenotype for a population of denitrifiers, as the denitrification phenotype of a set of closely related denitrifying Bacillus soil isolates was variable depending on pH.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Denitrifying Bacterium with High Nitrate Removal: Pseudomonas Stutzeri
    Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 2010, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 313-318 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL DENITRIFYING BACTERIUM WITH HIGH NITRATE REMOVAL: PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI *1A. Rezaee, 2H. Godini, 1S. Dehestani, 1S. Kaviani 1 Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabbad, Iran Received 16 August 2009; revised 13 Jully 2010; accepted 20 August 2010 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize a high efficiency denitrifier bacterium for reducing nitrate in wastewater. Six denitrifier bacteria with nitrate removal activities were isolated from a petrochemical industry effluent with high salinity and high nitrogen concentrations without treatment. The isolated bacteria were tested for nitrate reomoval activity. One of the bacterium displayed the highest reduction of nitrate. The strain was preliminarily identified using biochemical tests and further identified based on similarity of PCR-16S rRNA using universal primers. Biochemical and molecular experiments showed that the best bacterium with high nitrate removal potential was Pseudomonas stutzeri, a member of the α subclass of the class Proteobacteria. The extent of nitrate removal efficiency was 99% at 200 mg/L NO3 and the nitrite content of the effluent was in the prescribed limit. The experiments showed the ability of Pseudomonas stutzeri to rapidly remove nitrate under anoxic conditions. The strain showed to be potentially good candidate for biodenitrification of high nitrate solutions. Key words: Pseudomonas stutzeri; Denitrification; Polymerase Chain Reaction, Isolation; Characterization INTRODUCTION Biological denitrification is a process carried to respire anaerobically using nitrogen oxides as out by numerous genera of bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Enrichment of Denitrifying Bacterial Community Using Nitrite As an Electron Acceptor for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater
    water Article Enrichment of Denitrifying Bacterial Community Using Nitrite as an Electron Acceptor for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater Renda Yao, Quan Yuan and Kaijun Wang * State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; [email protected] (R.Y.); [email protected] (Q.Y.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6278-9411 Received: 31 October 2019; Accepted: 17 December 2019; Published: 20 December 2019 Abstract: This work aimed to enrich a denitrifying bacterial community for economical denitrification via nitrite to provide the basic objects for enhancing nitrogen removal from wastewater. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with continuous nitrite and acetate feeding was operated by reasonably adjusting the supply rate based on the reaction rate, and at a temperature of 20 2 C, pH of 7.5 0.2, ± ◦ ± and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0 mg/L. The results revealed that the expected nitrite concentration can be achieved during the whole anoxic reaction period. The nitrite denitrification rate of nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater gradually increased from approximately 10 mg/(L h) to 275.35 mg/(L h) over 12 days (the specific rate increased from 3.83 mg/(g h) to 51.80 mg/(g h)). Correspondingly, the chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratio of reaction decreased from 7.9 to 2.7. Both nitrite and nitrate can be used as electron acceptors for denitrification. The mechanism of this operational mode was determined via material balance analysis of substrates in a typical cycle. High-throughput sequencing showed that the main bacterial community was related to denitrification, which accounted for 84.26% in the cultivated sludge, and was significantly higher than the 2.16% in the seed sludge.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Denitrification in Aquatic Sediments on the Nitrogen Content of Natural Waters J
    6 / c__ Influence of denitrification in aquatic sediments on the nitrogen content of natural waters J. F. van Kessel Influence of denitrification in aquatic sedimentso n the nitrogen content of naturalwater s Proefschrift ter verkrijging van degraa d van doctor in de landbouwwetenschappen, op gezagva n derecto r magnificus, dr. ir. J. P.H .va n derWant , hoogleraar in devirologie , in het openbaar te verdedigen opvrijda g 8oktobe r 1976 desnamiddag s te vier uur in de aula van de Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen Centrefor Agriculture Publishingand Documentation Wageningen —1976 Abstract Kessel, J. F. van (1976) Influence of denitrification in aquatic sediments on the nitrogen content of natural waters. Agric. Res. Rep. (Versl. landbouwk. Onderz.) 858. Pudoc, Wageningen. ISBN 90 220062 04 . (vi)+ 5 2 p.: 12figs ; 14 tables;Eng .an d Dutch summaries. Forms part of a doctoral thesis, Wageningen ((vii) + 104 p., 43 figs, 28 tables). Other parts are published in Water Research,bu t are summarized in the Agric.Res .Rep . A study was made of microbiological processes, particularly denitrification, leading to the elimi­ nation of nitrogen from natural waters. As denitrification is an anaerobic process and natural waters mostly contain dissolved oxygen, this process was suggested to proceed in the anaerobic sediment at the bottom of natural waters. Two widely differing types of aquatic sediments were tested in the laboratory for effects of temperature, oxygen and nitrate in the overlying water, and thickness of the sediment layer on the rate of denitrification. During disappearance of nitrate from the overlying water, by far most of thenitrat e was converted to molecular nitrogen by denitrification and only a small part of the nitrate was utilized for cell synthesis (immobilization).
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Function on Climate Change Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – a Review Received: 14 March, 2018 Accepted: 28 April, 2018 Published: 30 April, 2018
    vv ISSN: 2690-0777 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojeb LIFE SCIENCES GROUP Endeshaw Abatenh*, Birhanu Gizaw, Zerihun Tsegaye and Genene Tefera Review Article Endeshaw Abatenh, Ethiopia Biodiversity Institute, Department of Microbiology, Comoros Street, 0000, Microbial Function on Climate Change Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – A Review Received: 14 March, 2018 Accepted: 28 April, 2018 Published: 30 April, 2018 *Corresponding author: Endeshaw Abatenh, Ethiopia Abstract Biodiversity Institute, Department of Microbiology, Comoros Street, 0000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Greenhouse gases concentration is increased through time within different human and natural E-mail: [email protected] factors. Such as combustion of coal, oil and other fossil fuels, decay of plant matter and biomass burning. Now a day’s climate change and global warming is the major problem in the world. It is damage Keywords: Green House Gases (GHGs); Climate (destroy) a number of biotic componets. It have also effect on microbial comunity stracture, function change; Microbial comunity; Biogeochemical cycle; and their metablolic activity. In order to fi ght (compromize) climate change using a number of methods Methanotropic. are listed here. For example, microorganisms and other biological componets have many potential role https://www.peertechz.com for mitigation by contribute forward response. Microorganisms have a wide function especialy used in greenhouse gas treatment and reduction through nutrient recycling processes. It act as either generators or users of these gases in a good manner. It provide to reduce environment hazards which is caused by nature and antropogenic activity. In overall biogeochemical cycles and climate changes are never see separately. Introduction of a certain region, including temperature, rainfall, and wind.
    [Show full text]