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Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation City of Windom, Minnesota

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Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation City of Windom, Minnesota Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation City of Windom, Minnesota July 29, 2016 – Revised November 4, 2016 Bolton & Menk, Inc. Project No. T22.109023 Prepared by: Submitted by: Bolton & Menk, Inc. 12224 Nicollet Blvd Burnsvillle, MN 55337 P: 952-890-0509 F: 952-890-8065 wq-wwtp5-91 MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER DENITRIFICATION EVALUATION CITY OF WINDOM, MINNESOTA JULY 2016 BMI Project No. T22.109023 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. Signature: Typed or Printed Name: Lana Tullis, P.E. Date: July 29, 2016 Lic. No. 41450 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. Signature: Typed or Printed Name: Herman Dharmarajah, Ph.D., P.E. Date: July 29, 2016 Lic. No. 18256 I hereby certify that this plan, specification or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision, and that I am a duly Licensed Professional Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota. BOLTON & MENK, INC. CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1-1 A. Project Background ........................................................................................ 1-1 B. Nitrate Standards and Effluent Limits ........................................................... 1-2 C. Purpose ........................................................................................................... 1-2 D. Report Organization ....................................................................................... 1-3 SECTION 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................... 2-1 A. Nitrogen Forms and Reactions....................................................................... 2-1 B. Biological Nitrogen Removal ........................................................................ 2-4 C. Toxicity ........................................................................................................ 2-11 D. References .................................................................................................... 2-12 SECTION 3 WINDOM WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY ................................... 3-1 A. Windom Effluent Limits and Monitoring ...................................................... 3-1 B. Influent Flow and Load .................................................................................. 3-5 C. Effluent Nitrogen and Whole Effluent Toxicity ............................................ 3-8 SECTION 4 PILOT SCALE PLAN AND PROCEDURES .................................................... 4-1 A. Denitrification Filter System.......................................................................... 4-1 B. 2-Stage Activated Sludge ............................................................................... 4-3 C. Supplemental Chemical Addition .................................................................. 4-6 1. Carbon ...................................................................................................... 4-6 2. Alkalinity ................................................................................................. 4-6 3. Nitrogen ................................................................................................... 4-7 SECTION 5 PILOT SCALE RESULTS .................................................................................. 5-1 A. Denitrification Filter Pilot Scale Performance ............................................... 5-1 B. 2-Stage Denitrification Pilot Scale Performance ........................................... 5-3 SECTION 6 FULL SCALE PROJECTIONS ........................................................................... 6-1 A. General ........................................................................................................... 6-1 B. Full-Scale Recommendations ........................................................................ 6-1 1. Denitrification Filter ................................................................................ 6-1 2. 2-Stage Denitrification ............................................................................. 6-2 C. Full-Scale Capital and Operational Cost Opinions ........................................ 6-3 D. Summary ........................................................................................................ 6-8 Windom, MN – T22.109023 Page TOC-iii Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation Prepared by Bolton & Menk, Inc. LIST OF APPENDICES A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)/State Disposal System (SDS) Permit MN0022217 – City of Windom – Windom Wastewater Treatment Facility B Particle Size Distribution Report, Typical Sieve Analysis C MicroC 2000 Material Safety Data Sheets D Fremont RLT 4710 Material Safety Data Sheets E Leopold Elimi-Nite® Denitrification System Proposal F Leopold® Ultrascreen® Disk Filter System Proposal G Response to MPCA’s Comments on the Draft Report Presented on July 29, 2016 LIST OF FIGURES Page/ Figure Follows Number Page 2.1 Conventional Nitrification-Denitrification Pathway 2-5 3.1 Windom WWTF Aerial Overview 3-3 3.2 Windom WWTF Process Flow Diagram 3-4 3.3 Windom WWTF and PM Beef Monthly Average Flow (MGD) 3-6 3.4 Windom WWTF and PM Beef Monthly Average CBOD5 (lb/day) 3-6 3.5 Windom WWTF and PM Beef Monthly Average Nitrogen (lb/day) 3-7 3.6 Windom WWTF and PM Beef Monthly Average Phosphorus (lb/day) 3-7 3.7 Influent TKN, Effluent TKN and NO3+NO2 and C. dubia IC25 3-9 4.1 Denitrification Filter System Process Flow Diagram 4-1 4.2 Pilot Scale Denitrification Filter System Construction 4-2 4.3 2 Stage Activated Sludge System Process Flow Diagram 4-3 4.4 Pilot Scale 2-Stage Activated Sludge Construction (pre anoxic and aeration 4-4 basins) 4.5 Pilot Scale 2-Stage Activated Sludge Construction (post anoxic and 4-5 clarifier) 5.1 Denitrification Filter System Performance 5-2 5.2 Denitrification Filter System On-Line Process Monitoring 5-3 5.3 2-Stage Activated Sludge Nitrogen Removal Performance 5-4 6.1 Biological Nutrient Removal – 2 Stage Activated Sludge System 6-6 Windom, MN – T22.109023 Page TOC-iv Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation Prepared by Bolton & Menk, Inc. LIST OF TABLES Table Number Page 2.1 Comparison of Denitrification Filter Manufacturers and Equipment 2-7 2.2 Summary of Design Guidance for Denitrification Filters 2-8 3.1 Windom Calendar Month Average Effluent Limits 3-2 6.1 General Cost Analysis of Adding Denitrification System 6-3 6.2 General Cost Analysis of Adding Disk Filters 6-4 6.3 General Cost Analysis of Carbon Addition 6-4 6.4 Opinion on Capital Cost for Denitrification Filters 6-5 6.5 New Tank Volume for Two Stage Activated Sludge System for Total 6-5 Nitrogen Removal 6.6 Cost Opinion for Two Stage Activated Sludge System for Total Nitrogen 6-7 Removal 6.7 Cost Opinion for Two-Stage Activated Sludge System with Tertiary Filters 6-8 Windom, MN – T22.109023 Page TOC-v Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation Prepared by Bolton & Menk, Inc. This page intentionally left blank. Windom, MN – T22.109023 Page TOC-vi Municipal Wastewater Denitrification Evaluation Prepared by Bolton & Menk, Inc. SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION A. PROJECT BACKGROUND In 2014, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) announced an Emerging Contaminants Wastewater Initiative with a Request for Proposals for Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Pilot Projects. The pilot project program was designed to generate practical, transferrable strategies for implementing water quality standards and/or reducing emerging contaminants in wastewater effluent. The pilot project program was developed to target chloride, phosphorous, nitrogen, sulfate, endocrine active compounds, parameters associated with pharmaceuticals or personal care products, and other unregulated chemical of emerging concern. The following report evaluates alternate methods for total nitrogen removal, or denitrification, at the City of Windom Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTF). The City of Windom has an extended aeration activated sludge treatment system with tertiary filtration. Historically, the influent TKN ranges from 40 mg/L to 100 mg/L. The treatment plant is able to completely nitrify the influent ammonia yielding low effluent ammonia concentrations. However, the effluent nitrate concentrations are high and range from 25 mg/L to 95 mg/L. The high effluent nitrogen concentrations could exceed future potential Total Nitrogen limit of less than 10 mg/L. This would require evaluation of removal strategies designed at reducing the Total Nitrogen level in the wastewater effluent. Through pilot scale operations, alternate treatment technologies can be evaluated relative to current or proposed water quality standards and overall operational challenges and projected capital and operational cost for additional treatment. The following report includes design and operational details, monitoring data and analysis for a denitrification filter and a 2-stage activated sludge denitrification process for the City of Windom. The findings of the analysis are transferred to full scale application at this and other facilities. Windom, MN – T22.109023 Page 1-1 Municipal Wastewater
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